Every Layer of the Grand Canyon, Explained

I've been fascinated by the layers of the Grand Canyon for the longest time. In this video, I wanted to trace the layers of the Canyon back through geologic time, to learn about and understand what Earth looked like at the time those layers were forming, before the Grand Canyon even existed. What I found was altogether more awe-inspiring and brain-melting than I could have imagined. I hope you enjoy this journey back to Ancient Earth as we explore every. single. layer. of the Grand Canyon. Have fun!
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Sources and Resources
www.usgs.gov/geology-and-ecol... three main rock layer,%2C and 3)%20Paleozoic%20strata.
www.nps.gov/articles/age-of-r...
www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexpe...
www.britannica.com/science/Pe...
www.nps.gov/articles/000/perm...
www.grandcanyonnaturalhistory....
crateinc.com/grand-canyon-geo...
gotbooks.miracosta.edu/gonp/c...
www.nps.gov/articles/000/penn...
www.nps.gov/articles/000/miss...
ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian...
• Vishnu schist formatio...
• Vishnu schist metamorp...
• Grand Canyon's rocks: ...
• When a Billion Years D...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/...
ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian...
www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/...
www.nps.gov/grca/learn/nature...
www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexpe...
Music and Images
Storyblocks
Katrina Kenny
Wikimedia Commons (Didier Descouens, Luca Galuzzi, InSapphoWeTrust, selbst gemacht)
Ita Mehrotra
Encyclopedia Britannica
National Park Service (Kristen M. Caldon, Michael Quinn, Rader Lane)
USGS
USFWS (Dave Herasimtschuk)
Arizona Geological Society
Kansas Geological Survey
James St. John
Diego Delso

[@JBolt5812]

I like to think that if another civilization were to view the Earth much like we viewed Mars or other planets for significant geological formations or interesting features, the Grand Canyon would stick out as something that they would choose to send a probe to. We are so used to the Grand Canyon as a common "feature" or Park, that we don't realize how crazy and significant this thing really is!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

I like this perspective! It's definitely one of Earth's great geologic features!

[@phillips.3886]

Yep like we are interested in that canyon on mars.

[@phillips.3886]

Great video

[@4truth69]

Geologist recognize that it was water that formed those canyons on Mars just as it did here in the GC ! Good catch !

[@Jdizzle-lv6of]

@@4truth69except it wasn't flowing water over millions of years. It was a large flood

[@Steveofthejungle8]

It’s still insane to think that dinosaurs didn’t even show up until December! Speaking of which, the story of Dinosaur NM would make a great video!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Pretty much every fact about geologic time always blows my mind lol. But yes, Dinosaur would make a great video to talk about fossils or something! My Glen Canyon video touches on Echo Park in Dinosaur NM too, but isn't really about its geologic features. Gonna have to keep that one in the vault!

[@Crzydiamondz]

Has there not been any newer layers since what you said was the layer we stand on was deposited 270 mya???

[@leftear99]

If there were, they have subsequently eroded

[@mikelaan61970]

Love the longer format. Great explanation, you answered questions I’ve had for years. Thank you 😊

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching! This one was a doozy to produce, but glad people are finding it helpful - I was curious myself, so I learned quite a bit in the process lol!

[@frankjacoby9460]

Your stratigraphic explanation of not only the rocks of the Grand Canyon but by association the formation of all of Earth’s rock formations is the best, most easily understandable and entertaining I’ve ever seen and heard; cool science👍🏼

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much for watching, glad you enjoyed it!

[@HowlingWolf324]

Great video! This is one of my favorite topics to learn about! I remember back in July of 2021 on our way back from Glacier and Grand Teton we drove through a canyon in South Dakota with rocks from the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian periods and it was awe inspiring to be just 10 feet away from rocks formed over 300 million years old! It really goes to show, along with the geologic calendar, just how short of a time we've been on this planet and just how important it is to protect and preserve it for future generations to enjoy! I haven't been to Grand Canyon in a while but I'd love to go back some day just to really spend some time there to take it all in! i know you like to visit the parks you do your videos on and if you ever find yourself in that area again, one of the things I had planned for my trip out there before I broke my leg was to kayak in the canyon a few miles upstream of the actual park at a place called Horseshoe Bend. You get to campout in a tent on the banks of the Colorado River in designated areas obviously but it sounded like an awesome experience!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Any sort of geologic wonders like that never fail to blow my mind. It turns my brain to mush just thinking about these time scales and how different everything would have looked, but I love learning about it anyway lol. Kayaking the Colorado sounds great! I've seen Horseshoe Bend from above, but that would be an amazing experience to paddle around from below!

[@4truth69]

It’s amazingly how fast these geological processes happened in such a short amount of time! Hiked down to Havasupai falls camping for a week it was so surreal!

[@lilsleepy1969]

Just the type of videos I go to KZbin for! Thank you!!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Glad you enjoyed it, thanks for watching!

[@Mark-cg2bg]

I've done a lot of reading about this region but yours was the most succinct and informative explanation I've encountered. Excellent work.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you, glad I could help!

[@jeffoman54]

out dated info,seek the truth.

[@manifold1476]

Nice opening shot of the Grand Canyon. Then at 0:06 is a *MIRROR IMAGE* view of the Saint Lawrence River in Eastern Canada, with the Gaspe` Peninsula and the Bay of Chaleur in the foreground.

[@aureaphilos]

Well done. You did a very good job explaining all of the various geologic details. One thing that surprised me was your chart showing the Precambrian subdivided into W, X, Y, and Z. Geology has progressed so far since the late 1970s - when I learned of those 'new' Precambrian subdivisions. A current representation subdivides the vast Precambrian into the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons. Thanks for a very enjoyable video... I've subscribed.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching and welcome to the community! The chart I used for geologic time actually comes from the Park Service, and has both the W,X,Y, and Z divisions, as well as the 3 eons you mentioned! It might have been chopped up a bit in the video to make it fit on screen, but I think it's a great visual as a whole. You can check it out here if you'd like: www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/time-scale.htm

[@sujimtangerines]

Sat here a second after video ended and just...gah! So much to say on presentation, content, your role as an educator (which you are, whether chosen or thrust upon you), engagement, variety... But my words just won't cooperate! One thing I did manage to form a complete thought on was (contrary to the evidence I'm proof of above) you don't treat us like we're stupid, don't dumb it down & how much I appreciate that. Condensed? Yes. Generalized? Yes. Simplified? Somewhat, but not overly. This is exactly the type of lesson I'd have loved giving had I seriously pursued what someone convinced me had been a silly idea. (2-3 week NPS centered educational units that incorporated all subjects plus real-life scenarios, RV camping, 5 or fewer kids. Like a mobile summer camp.) Anywho. Got a raise and promotion at a job I'm indifferent to so at least I can now sign up for patreon... Edited to add: I've got a mirror photo of myself & that quote. It was incredibly inspirational when I snapped it and tho I'm not doing much, I pull it out every now and again to remind myself I still owe those that came before me.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Michaelle, your kind words always bring me so much joy! I'm so glad to know you love the videos. One of the core philosophies behind this channel has always been to make things accessible without "dumbing it down," and sometimes I wonder if I go a little to far lol. But, glad to know you don't think so and that the scripts are in a good place. Your feedback is much appreciated! Also, thanks so much for joining the Patreon!!! And congrats on your promotion as well!

[@aff77141]

Went last year and couldn't stop being mindblown over the layers, the plaques they had weren't nearly enough to scratch my brain so thank you

[@NationalParkDiaries]

It's so crazy. Everything about the Grand Canyon blows my mind lol. Glad you enjoyed and thanks for watching!

[@Svensk7119]

You called the lamprey an "ancestor" of the primitive jawless fish. I believe you mean "descendant".

[@macon8638]

No need to be rude about it, the focus of the video wasn’t on prehistoric life that was just to add context and interest

[@BackYardScience2000]

I can tell just from the title that this is going to be a good one! I'd very much like to see more geology based videos from your channel in the future.

[@BackYardScience2000]

Also, first. Lol

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you! And yes, more geology videos to come! I've got a wide and diverse audience lol, so I try and keep things spread around and cover a wide range of topics, but geology will always be in there somewhere.

[@jtegland]

Thanks for doing this, I really enjoyed it.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching!

[@stevewhalen6973]

Nice presentation . The Grand Canyon is certainly a monument to a vast segment of earths geological history. And a very stunningly beautiful and incredibly vast monument at that .

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching, I completely agree!

[@dj33036]

I lived and worked for 2 years at the South Rim. While there I was fortunate enough to take some geology courses provided by the National Park Service. That was quite a few years ago but I would say your video really brought back some memories. Do you have any plans of doing a presentation of how the Canyon was actually formed? In spite of the ages of the rock the Canyon itself is only about five and a half million years old. Thanks so much for your great presentation.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

I'm glad you enjoyed it and glad I could bring back some good memories! Thanks for watching. Yes, I am planning to do a video on how the Canyon formed at some point. Not sure when, but it is in my ideas folder!

[@TimberTrainer]

8:25 He mentions the mountains eroding away over millions of years.

[@thomassepulvedasvensson8049]

Awesome video! Love the analogies, its hard to explain geology for people that know nothing about it, but you nailed it!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

So glad you like it, thanks for watching!

[@goofyiest]

your channel is awesome! Keep going!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much for the support!

[@santoast24]

Have you ever personally seen The Great Unnconformity? I have at a place called Frenchman Mountain in NE Las Vegas. There used to be a geologic orientated city-park there and some signs, but they've been stolen so many times that by the time I saw them the signs were simply gone and the place was actually crudely fenced off. Its quite wild to be there (with a dad who didnt understand any of it and just saw "rocks") and see the missing billion years. It was neat to be able to just walk up and point at it like "THAT!! THERES SUPPOSED TO BE SOMETHING THERE!!! Whered it GOOOOOOOO" I think I know where it went, but thats a story for another day...

[@NationalParkDiaries]

I have not! I've been to the Grand Canyon, but didn't make it down to the Great Unconformity. Just learning about it blows my minds, so when I actually do get to see about it in person, I'm sure I'll have a similar reaction to you lol!

[@strayspark1967]

where did it go? its all laying on top of it!

[@karmathegiant]

Thanks. This was so interesting.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Glad you enjoyed it, thanks for watching!

[@kinexkid]

I just happened across this video, and you've got me hooked and subscribed! You almost remind me of a young Myron Cook - have you seen any of his videos on KZbin? He's easily the most well spoken geology channels I've found, and he is just such a warm and friendly soul

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks and welcome to the channel! I've got lots more NP geology vids for you to dive into, plus lots of other National Parks/Conservation stories as well - plus more to come! I've never watched any Myron Cook videos, but I'll be sure to check him out!

[@koksinglau2494]

Your knowledge is amazing. You hv a nice way to put a v complex subject into something easily digestible

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much for the kind words!

[@patrickguillory-yy2gu]

I really enjoy watching this young man, he’s smart and a great narrator ❤

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much!

[@MadCapMoto]

Dude your vids are perfection

[@NationalParkDiaries]

So glad you like them!!

[@ENAIRAMA1]

This is great for students.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@samgunn12]

That was a good and informative video. Worth a follow. One thing threw me for a loop, though. The satellite picture of the St Lawrence river and Gaspé Peninsula that book ends the video is backwards. I had to double check Google Earth to make sure I wasn’t losing my mind.😂

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Haha, that shot was from a stock footage provider, so not sure what happened there lol! Thanks for watching!

[@sammycastonguay7439]

Wow! This is great! Only just found your channel and will look around, but when you are ready to do the Owyhee, which is hopefully one of the newest National Monuments, lmk!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Heard lots of good things about that area! Thanks for watching!

[@sammycastonguay7439]

@@NationalParkDiaries check the “Friends of the Owyhee” geology video. 👍

[@geogypsytraveler]

Nice job and only the first chapter of the Grand's story. Started much like the theme I used at North Rim geology talks. Keep the stories coming.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you and will do!

[@theslacksmith]

Dude I fucking love your videos. I'm studying environmental science and minoring in geology, as well as a multi disciplined outdoor athlete so I know and love these places and the processes that shape them. Thank you for giving such well thought out and in depth videos to us rock lovers

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much for being here, glad you're enjoying everything! These videos are a blast to make and I'm just so glad there's an audience out there for people who loves these places as much as I do. Best of luck in your studies!

[@alrossitto]

Great video! 1st time viewer! Thank you!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching and welcome!

[@alrossitto]

@NationalParkDiaries thanks!

[@kenkeep69]

Now think that the rim of the Grand Canyon is 7000-8000 above sea level and that used to be at the bottom of an ocean that was up lifted and then the Colorado River had to cut its way back down

[@smitapravabehera8119]

Thanks for the info buddy!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching!

[@MadCapMoto]

Perfect video

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@hydrolisk6454]

This is a really good video.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you for watching!

[@generathjen890]

Excellent presentation

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@MrTomhoabinh]

Thanks!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much!!!

[@MayaPosch]

Learning to read a book is an apt way to describe learning to understand geological history. Throughout history, countless groups of geologists and kin have debated - sometimes hotly - about how certain formations came to be. Then, as we managed to put more puzzle pieces together, we began to see and understand how these formations are literally the history of our planet. Sure, much of this history is gone, vanished into the fiery bowels of the Earth courtesy of plate tectonics, but so much of it is visible today, ready for us to open its pages and read what is there. The Grand Canyon is not the only example of such prime geological reading spots, but it is definitely among the most accessible. As you mentioned, when you stand on top of the youngest layer at the Grand Canyon and literally gaze down into the depths of Earth's history, it's hard to think of a way to leave a more lasting impression. So no, geology isn't just 'looking at rocks' :)

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Agreed!

[@soucaralegal]

I visited two weeks ago, it was incredible, it was a dream, i never gonna forget it, i loved everything.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

So glad to hear - it really is a magical place!

[@versi0nzero]

Feels like I just found Atlas Pro before 100k subs. Can’t wait to see this channel explode in popularity.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching, glad you're here!

[@franklinblunt69]

Any suggestion the geat unconformity from extensive glaciation that displaced material, inhibited or suspended deposition beside enhance crystallization forming around the region, then during preCambrian Phanerozoic transition along with tectonic changes the subsequent warming & exposed areas beside release water for hydrologic cycle river lake sea or ocean, sedate & consistent enough for consequential deposition during Paleozoic that can get discerned by Tapeats fm?

[@allamasadi7970]

To be honest I would love a multi hour long video or a video series on the details of the layers of the grand canyon

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Haha, gonna have to give my brain a rest before that one 😂

[@erents1]

So you’re saying chicken first, then the egg? 🤣 Amazing story there in the GC. All the pages there for us to read. I love it. I have done some canoeing in the canyon and I was not aware of the entire story but my jaw dropped when we began finding trilobites in the rocks while floating down stream! Oh and where can we see Adam and Eves little love nest appear?

[@garybhagan2528]

No the egg came first not layed by a chicken.😮

[@elguapo2831]

Chicken and the rooster came first.

[@nerdwisdomyo9563]

Your videos rock!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@sedonawineandvortextours478]

Thank you for that information. I own a tour company in Sedona, but have done many Grand Canyon tours in the past. I learn more all the time. I was wondering what you may have to say about the basalt-igneous layer deposited by the Flagstaff volcanic fields. That layer seems to cap off the plateau and rim country around the Flagstaff/Sedona area, but not sure how far north it extends, or if it affects any part of the Grand Canyon region. Does that chapter fit anywhere into the story of the Grand Canyon?

[@leftear99]

Those volcanic are quite young (4-8 million years old) and fairly localized. To my knowledge, they don't make it as far north as the grand canyon. I'm not sure if that's a depositional extent or an erosive one...given the age, I'm thinking the former.

[@bjdefilippo447]

Very interesting. I'm glad the algorithm pointed me in this direction, as I'm a huge fan f both the National Parks and geology. I do have one question though. Are there different ways of pronouncing "Proterozoic? If so, does it depend on which country or university you studied in? Because I've always heard it pronounced differently. I am used to hearing it with the first three syllables almost run together, then a secondary emphasis on the fourth syllable (Protero ZO ic). Thanks in advance!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you and welcome to the community! As for the pronunciation, I honestly have no clue lol. I just pronounced it the way that seemed most natural to me and how I had heard it pronounced before. Sorry I couldn't be of more help!

[@TheAndrewDan]

New intro is sweet!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!!

[@awesomesaucer12345]

hello this is an amazing video wow

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much!

[@sts24]

My college geology class in 26 minutes! Well done video!

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!!

[@keithstewart2639]

Thanks verv good

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@Fordry]

Dr. John Whitmore and associates have thoroughly, completely, debunked any notion that the Coconino Sandstone was a desert sand formation. It was marine. It has particles in the grains that can't survive any amount of time in a windblown sand movement but do survive fine in marine sand, its grain sorting and shapes are consistent with marine deposition, its crossbed angles are consistent with marine, not desert, formation, it has dolomite which only forms in marine environments, the preserved animal trackways are too well defined for dry sand, it has types of folds in it that are not known to occur in desert sand formations but do form in marine sand formations. The notion that it formed as a dry formation is just over. It was just assumed without taking a close look and the detailed work to understand it was never done before Dr. Whitmore started with it.

[@leftear99]

Dr. John Whitmore believes that the Coconino Sandstone was deposited during the biblical flood. His opinion is disprovable, and not even worth the paper he writes it on.

[@scottpitner4298]

I thought I didn’t give a schist about this stuff but after watching I think it’s fascinating 🧐

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Well I'm glad I could help! Also, not sure if you're pun was intentional or not, but I appreciate it 👏

[@GregInEastTennessee]

A great explanation of how the rocks were formed! But what made the canyon? Why is there a big hole in the ground at that particular place?

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Haha, that's going to be a separate video!

[@davidwood2387]

I been there and. It’s is great . You have to go there to see it .

[@Zhohan-]

I'm really surprised this doesn't have more views.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

We are beholden to the algorithm gods lol 😂

[@KeithKofoed]

Nice Dune Collection

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks!

[@NafisSazeed]

Lucky to be 6 hours away from this natural wonder. The layers are simply insane.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

They really are. Simply awe inspiring.

[@tjens09]

You should continue this topic, going up through the layers of Zion and Grand Staircase, etc.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

The Grand Staircase would make a great video! I'm just realizing now that I've now talked about the bottom of the staircase (with this video) and the top (with my video on Bryce Canyon hoodoos). Gonna have to do the rest at some point lol!

[@tjens09]

@@NationalParkDiaries I look forward to it!

[@WokeSoulja31]

This is perspective science.

[@jeffstull2534]

You need to read "Goodbye To A River" by John Graves.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Already on my list!

[@phillips.3886]

Is there a name for the period between big bang and formation of earth?

[@longwhitecloud6655]

They spend trillions to go into space so telescopes can look back in time, when the answer was under their feet all the time.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

🤯

[@doghousedon1]

Mother Nature dug up a lot of dirt rock to make that canyon. 🤔 Where did she put it? That, too, must be a fascinating story.

[@asafoster7954]

Down the river and to the sea. I bet there would be some interesting research to be done there

[@elguapo2831]

A massive run off is observable off the west coast. Monterey Canyon.

[@tml721]

Where is the K-2 boundry?? how close is it to the bottom of the canyon ?

[@Goodellsam]

You are a brilliant teacher. Your uncomplicated, factual, explanations are wonderfully presented.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks so much, I really appreciate that!

[@domcizek]

GREAT STORY, OF THE EARTH, I WAS THERE

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Impressive.

[@domcizek]

@@NationalParkDiaries YES, I LOVE THE CREATION OF THE LAYERS MAKING UP THE GC, GOOD DETAILS BUT NO MENTION OF THE K-T BOUNDARY WHEN THE DINOSAURS WENT EXTINCT, WAS IT THERE?

[@NationalParkDiaries]

@@domcizek The K-T Boundary is not present in the Grand Canyon. The youngest rocks visible at GC are from 270 mya, while the K-T Boundary doesn't appear in the rock record until 65 mya.

[@dillwont9235]

What i wanna know is how many more layers we can't see, and how far down they are. Miles?

[@NationalParkDiaries]

At that point, you're kind of running out of layers. The rocks at the bottom of the Grand Canyon are some of the oldest rocks on Earth (that we know of). My guess is there aren't that many layers left to uncover - based on what I know at least!

[@ruperterskin2117]

Cool. Thanks for sharing.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thanks for watching!

[@magicdinsmore3107]

Great presentation.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@HellyeahRook]

I have a piece of vishnu schist from west water canyon on the colorado river from a sandbar right after the rapids. (This is on BLM land in Utah)

[@kennethowenby2600]

Cam u look blazed lol

[@NationalParkDiaries]

It's the hat isn't it?

[@archivis]

how do you feel as a not protected area. ? :)

[@mijyadoc5374]

I missed the part about the water forming ........ crap, now I have to start from beginning (again)

[@wahme]

Very nice

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@lovingkat5]

good job young buck!😁

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Thank you!

[@kbarrett63]

Consider the following: Iron density >> ~8.....Iron rust density >> ~5....therefore earth could have popcorned (become ~30% larger in diameter) even though total mass has not changed !!

[@john-ic5pz]

but But BUT what layer are the giants in???! 😂

[@tylerjones6356]

Watch the Grand Canyon movie scarred Earth

[@haydenbsiegel]

I feel like this guy reads Mitchner.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

I had to read _The Source_ in high school and had no clue what was going on... But, reading through his Wikipedia page, he does kind of seem right up my alley tbh

[@haydenbsiegel]

@@NationalParkDiaries The Source is considered his best work by many. My mom has a signed first edition he gave it to her because our family started Ramat Gan a little moshav that sold oranges which became a giant tech hub for Tel Aviv. My mom knew him and Clavell's daughter.

[@Goodellsam]

It is impossible to truly understand the magistry, of the Grand Canyon, from a photograph.

[@NationalParkDiaries]

Very true! Everyone should see it at least once

[@LavaLahaie]

I took offence to your comment 5:15 😤 how dare you insult lizards like that!

[@user-qj7bi1vz7y]

We’ve only been here for a blink of an eye 👁️… and we will be erased in the blink of an eye 👁️… and the cycle will continue…

[@patrickguillory-yy2gu]

If God granted me one wish, I would ask for a brain just like his brain 😂😂😂😂😂😂❤❤❤❤❤

[@elguapo2831]

How do you get thousands of feet of flat strata from the Great Unconformity and up? Landscapes change very drastically year to year. Where are burrows, roots, valley's, etc..? There are no peas in the mattress.

[@7inrain]

_"How do you get thousands of feet of flat strata from the Great Unconformity and up?"_ By depositional processes like sedimentation or magmatic flows. _"Landscapes change very drastically year to year."_ No, they usually don't. The catastrophic events that could cause a drastic change of a landscape happen rarely. _"Where are burrows, roots, valley's, etc..?"_ From the Grand Canyon itself: Both the Tapeats Sandstone and the Coconino Sandstone are remnants of ancient sanddunes where you still can see the angles of the sanddune faces through the crossbedding in the layers. As another example: The geologist Myron Cook has several instructional videos here on YT about how ancient rivers show up in geological strata.

[@elguapo2831]

@@7inrain Appreciate the attempt. There are no burrows or roots going between the layers. Not sure where if you go outside but here in the desert the landscape changes drastically. Each layer is completely flat for hundreds of miles. How is there no hills, valleys, canyons within canyons if it's a billion years? There's no peas in the mattress. The king has no clothes

[@7inrain]

@@elguapo2831 _"There are no burrows or roots going between the layers."_ Why should there be burrows between the layers? Two separate layers represent two completely different time frames. If you find burrow fossils you only find them in the layer that was deposited during the time in which the organisms (worms etc.) lived that left the burrows. They usually don't cross layers. _"Not sure where if you go outside but here in the desert the landscape changes drastically."_ That might be true if you are living in an area that specifically offers little resistance to wind erosion (like sanddunes). This isn't true for almost any other type of landscape. _"Each layer is completely flat for hundreds of miles."_ Don't know what you like to suggest with that but this is simply not true. The thickness of the different layers even varies within the Grand Canyon by magnitudes. The Bright Angel Shale is only 57 feet thick at places while elsewhere it has 450 feet thickness. Same for the Coconino Sandstone which varies between 60 and 600 feet thickness. BTW: Layers that have been deposited in a marine environment like a continental shelf sea can certainly stretch out for hundreds of miles. Why shouldn't that be possible within common geology? The Muav Limestone, the Redwall Limestone and the Kaibab Limestone were all deposited in such an environment. _"How is there no hills, valleys, canyons within canyons if it's a billion years?"_ There are. The Temple Butte Formation is exactly that - a paleovalley (look that term up in Wikipedia) that was cut into the underlying Muav Limestone. The Hermit Shale (another layer in the GC) as well as the Kaibab Limestone have lots of paleovalleys in it. (Edit: In Wikipedia it is called palaeochannel). And again I refer you to the videos of Myron Cook. Start with his video "Learn to Identify Rivers in the Rock Record with a Geologist". _"There's no peas in the mattress."_ There are. If only you'd care to look for them. _"The king has no clothes"_ If you mean the Creationist websites that try to convey a neat fairytale for uneducated simpletons then you are right.

[@davidwood2387]

You tube is in violation of its own privacy rules.

[@mitch_the_-itch]

How many different youtube channels simply rearrange these same stock footage shots they all use over and over and over and over then simply apply a voice over with a topic of choice? KZbin it seems is a lot more like a cassette tape than a cd-rom, lol. The more copies get made the worse the quality gets.

[@ozzy1887]

How is it possible to have 1.6 billion years missing? Any guesses?

[@thomassepulvedasvensson8049]

The time gaps can happen for multiple reasons, but the main ones are that the materials deposited in that period of time have later been eroded, and also because there could be no deposition at all, you need a source of sediment transport (for example rivers) and a accomodation space in order to accumulate sediment. For example, right now the grand canyon is being eroded by rivers, that gives us the privilige too see all the layers of the sedimentary basin. In many cases you can see in other places that the rocks you step on are 1 billion year old, and its because all of the rocks above it have been eroded.

[@CallMeByMyMatingName]

Damn, that intro lonk af.

[@cyrooski4]

You should the mirror image of the gaspe peninsula. Why?

[@TimberTrainer]

A large amount of sediment over a short period of time can look similar to a small amount of sediment over a long period of time.

[@blackhawk7r221]

But we can always immediately spot the difference.

[@nibiruresearch]

A very dramatic presentation with beautiful pictures. At 4 min 13 sec we see Steno's laws. At many pictures we see the hundreds if not thousands of layers one on top of the other. How did all these layers occur so nicely horizontal 11,000 feet on top of each other all over the planet? Ancient knowledge from various sources tells us about a celestial body that causes disasters all over our planet. And that happens at long time intervals, although this are very small intervals for geologists.. That celestial body, a planet, has a very strong gravitational force when it is crossing the ecliptic plane of the other planets at a very high speed, close to our planet. That gravitational force pulls up water even above the highest mountains. When that gravity decreases the water falls back onto our planet mixed with sand, clay, lime, fossils of terrestrial and marine animals, shells and a deposit of dust and meteorites from the cloud that is surrounding that planet 9. A several feet thick mud layer remains. The confusing fact for geologists is that every layer contains organic matter from animals and vegetation that lived and grew at the time the layer was formed, but also very ancient deposition from the dust cloud that is surrounding planet 9. And this deposition must be the same age in each layer. Thanks to James Hutton and Charles Lyell, geologists took the wrong turn. To learn much more about the recurring flood cycle, the re-creation of civilizations and its chronology and ancient high technology, read the e-book: "Planet 9 = Nibiru". It can be read on any computer, tablet or smartphone. Search: invisible nibiru 9

[@strayspark1967]

ah, someone that is looking at this, a little more how I see it

[@nibiruresearch]

@@strayspark1967 Thank you. We have abundant and convincing evidence for a recurring planet both in texts and pictures. The last crossing from Nibiru was just before our era and did not do any harm to our planet.

[@chrimony]

Just breeze on by the greatest extinction event in Earth's history. Nothing to see here! Move along!

[@1rebel13]

So, according to your one year time frame analogy, God didn't exist till December 31, 11:58 PM

[@dannyhood7433]

Why are fossils only in some area's? Like only perfect conditions allow organizms to become fossils. If there is any truth to geologic time, Then many imaculent exotic deposts from upper jurrasic 'lower creataceus became exposed, for centuries, Then eroded. Because fresh sediment minerals, did not perculate fossil area. Third symposium on advanced crocodilian locomotion. Skin impresions are more bumby, leathery hided reptile related. NOT scale patterens that change into feathers. LMAO. Dinosaurs are CLOSELY related to REPTILES, end of story. Fin

[@4truth69]

I think you are off a billion years or so. No erosion between layers means the layers were layer down within a few years or less of each other. If they were layer down over billions of years we would see erosion between the layer. We don’t see that there so why tell people the billion years fantasy ?

[@spankduncan1114]

You don't understand the geological process. Read some books.

[@4truth69]

@@spankduncan1114 I read the correct books. You should too!

[@spankduncan1114]

@@4truth69 read a book written by a career geologist. They are the ones who understand geologic time scales. No magic involved, just nature talking it's course.

[@elguapo2831]

​@@spankduncan1114 😊 Deep Time by Bill Nye Once upon Deep Time there was a 🐸 that turned into a 🤴 from Deep Time. The End Nothing "magical" about that.

[@spankduncan1114]

Erosion leaves soft sediment. Layer after layer piles up over millions of years. Each layer stays soft until the weight pushes out the water and time (lots of time) turn the compacted minerals to stone (for sedimentary rock). Can you provide documentation that shows erosion isn't reflected in the geological layers?

[@thomasdykstra100]

God's 'book of nature' remains closed to those who CANNOT read it aright...but only because The Best Book of all remains closed to those who WILL NOT read It at all.

[@7inrain]

I assume that with "the best book of all" you mean that book of religious myths, written by late bronze age peasants. No, you don't derive any scientific discoveries from this book. And certainly not any unfounded claims of a young earth if that's where you wanted to go.

[@elguapo2831]

​@@7inrain Can you observe one Kind turning into another Kind? Something turning into a new organism. Like a dog into a cat.

[@7inrain]

@@elguapo2831 There are no 'kinds'. There are species. And we have ample evidence for the process of speciation. Which is a slow process and has nothing to do with the clueless ramblings of Creationists suggesting a dog giving birth to a cat. One example for which we have lots of fossils as evidence is the evolution of whales from a land mammal called Pakicetus, living about 50 million years ago. _"Like a dog into a cat."_ That won't happen. The common ancestor of dogs and cats lived about 60 million years ago. An example for a much shorter speciation process are today's dogs. Their ancestors were wolves and they lived only 30,000 years ago.

[@elguapo2831]

@@7inrain 🤣👌 Ramblings!! More of a Yes or No question

[@7inrain]

@@elguapo2831 Which exactly shows the problem Creationists have. Anything that is a bit more complicated than to be answered in a simple yes/no question goes right over their head. I'd say that's the disadvantage of being homeschooled. You only learn what your parents want you to learn. If science is not within their field of expertise or is even rejected due to their religious fundamentalism (unfortunately quite abundant among Creationists) then you will not be able to take part in a meaningful discussion about biology. Or any other scientific discipline, like geology for that matter.

[@ronaldkaipio8324]

So for the most part what I see is you really don't know

[@7inrain]

Where was he wrong? And what is the true explanation?

[@rajbaniwal3236]

Vishnu is a Hindu god. Am I missing context with Vishnu Basement?

[@globalcoupledances]

WikiPedia "Vishnu Temple (Grand Canyon)"

[@jamesraymond1158]

Too much introduction, too much talking head time.

[@cheliwilliams1258]

If an air conditioner drips water and it forms an inch hole a day give or take do u really think billions of years sounds believable??

[@leftear99]

Yes, because we don't take it on faith. We constructed that number from reproducible measurements.