Natural Killer cells | Top 5 ways Natural Killer cells work

Natural killer cells are unique immune cells that kill virus infected and cancer cells. In this video, I will draw the top 5 ways Natural Killer cells work for you. Natural Killer cells are related to B cells and T cells, and interact with your "name tag," the MHC-I receptor that is on all of your cells except your red blood cells. The Natural Killer cell will spare any cell with your name tag, and well destroy any cell without it. This is called the Natural Killer cell voting system. If the Killer Activating Receptor (KAR) is activated, and the Killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) is not then the Natural Killer cell will destroy that cell with perforin, granzyme, FasL, TNF-a, and IFN-y. Deficiency in Natural Killer cells makes a person vulnerable to viral infection, especially DNA viruses like Mono and Chickenpox. Having a plan with your doctor and keeping regular visits can help manage NK cell deficiencies.
#NaturalKillerCells

[@MatthewAshworth]

Big thumbs up for doing a video on natural killer cells and apoptosis. Most people never get to hear about these fascinating aspects of our body, and yet NK cells are some of the key players that deal with COVID-19 for example.

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Yes very true. The are often overlooked because they don't have memory like B and T cells, but they are very important to fight all viruses including COVID.

[@MatthewAshworth]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 Thanks for clarifying on that. I wonder if they would need to have a memory, seeing that B- and T-cells already handle that and that NK binding to their target cells is a bit less specific.

[@celestialfix]

Fascinating area of science……you are a natural teacher.

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Thank you kindly!

[@sonapink9325]

you are the best .. thank you so much

[@enochbrown8178]

Outstanding video. Very simple. To the point. Efficient as all get out. Thank you!!!!!

[@Irshadahmad-xs4og]

Thanks you nailed it❤

[@eloysuarezmenendez9024]

very clear, thank you!!

[@whoami252]

Thanks for this video! Interesting and extremely easy to grasp, as usual.

[@techroach6343]

Excellent. Thank you

[@khadijanbls4298]

Woow !!! Perfect explanation thank u so much

[@greencan853]

Thank U very much

[@beepboopbs98]

thankyou so much for sharing this knowledge in such a creative and simple way.

[@raiffarosso3393]

amazing!! thank you.

[@virithlol7197]

You really are amazing and i appreciate this topic ❤

[@user-wy8dn5re4s]

thank u so much bc ur helping me study for my virology class today

[@MohammadBahiraei]

A bunch of appreciation that was super helpful

[@mahmoudsweda8012]

for real that's amazing, thanks a lot for your effort and this beautiful model you made

[@joemaria7650]

Brilliant!! You have a most beautiful gift -

[@ranaelnady4128]

amazing, big efforts done in this video, thank u

[@zezona2]

Well done, a great explanation of a complex subject.

[@eyalshoshani3173]

Amazing overview, easy to understand and well done!

[@RomanoPRODUCTION]

You keep being my favorite immunology influencer. But not only me, I am sure because of your education skills, you will promote some young people, surely women, to become one day skilled scientists. That's awesome, thank you for you personal investment.

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Thank you so much! I really appreciate the encouragement.

[@samuelkoristz8414]

beautiful lady and beaautiful explanation. thank you

[@michaelsalihe5599]

Thank you. Very simple but clear. Please make more videos

[@jeffsinko14]

Amazing job with this video!

[@pokefriend13]

Great video, btw you have very nice eyes! Love the energy you’re giving off

[@doudouh4351]

that was so helpful ,thank youuu !!

[@copperheadroad567]

Hey! Just came across your channel in the suggested. You've got some great content and clear communication, you deserve more views! Keep up the great work! Thank you for helping provide clarity and understanding as to what is going on among all the misinformation out there. Cheers! 🍻

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Thank you so much!

[@masoudkhodaei8504]

Great, that was so useful

[@girl81ful]

I'm not surprised that you chose immunology - it's fascinating! Let's think about it for a sec, each of us has an army inside of us fighting for our lives every day, and we don't help it most of the time - diet, lifestyle, addictions... Thank you very, very much for this video! It is great! 🙏

[@djl881]

Thank u legend❤

[@KarimKhan-ty6fe]

It was extremely helpful may Allah give you more strength

[@hemantkumarchaudhari2188]

Your videos are so simple and informative.Your way of teaching such a hard topic very simply with kids coloured pencil is amazing..Keep it up..!!!!

[@user-in1hp3kz9r]

Hi....great movie .....thanks

[@docn.235]

This is So great, I wish my instructors would have been able to explain komplex content in such a clear and visual way. THANK YOU!

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Glad it was helpful!

[@forstudy8964]

Awesome

[@saranawzad7019]

I hope you make more and more videos because you’re scientist of exploring the the science

[@lesseirgpapers9245]

Very good method of presenting.

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Thank you!

[@saranawzad7019]

Really you are the best I hope you keep on and make more research about that natural killer cell on the cancer you know lately I’ve been research about it how caner cell evading the natural killer cell(T inflated phenotype, cancer, and non T inflated phenotype cancer

[@pacesferry]

Aren't we all a miracle? ♥️

[@vyjayantimurthy3141]

Hello Dr. Amazing video. Thank you. How does one naturally boost killer cells?

[@wheelofcheese100]

NK cells sound like wrecking machines (cells on our side 😊). Pretty awesome

[@titoflash1212]

Hey thx great video! Can you make a video about cytokines

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Yes absolutely! I just started teaching undergrads again, so it might take me a couple weeks.

[@Lyseblake2360]

Thanks for this explanation. Is there a natural way to boost/ help the Nk killer to make their work?

[@ILLRICARDO]

I hope they have a NK cell therapy available soon for cancer patients.

[@pault5692]

Great video! Are there now therapies similar to stem cell therapy where they're able to infuse NK cells into a patient via IV? There is a clinic that claims to be able to do this. Thx!

[@dketox8]

Hi Dr. I stumbled upon this amazing video. My mum isn’t well and I’m researching to try my best to help her. I hope you can give me some answers. Is there a way to check how much NK cell and If she has less is there a way to help her create more of this NK cells and also Can we do anything to help trigger/speed up the growth of NK cells in her body so it kills the mutated cells. I hope to hear from you :(

[@Frizzy9000]

Super cool video! Question: Do NK cells know to make a cell commit apoptosis vs using perforn if a cell say has a virus? Because opening the cell isn't the best way to stop a virus is it? Wouldn't it make more sense to contain the virus so it reduces viruses infecting more cells?

[@premsahu4051]

Fabulous explaination,but can you tell me why cancer cell or infected cells lack MHC-1 molecule?

[@gomitch2]

Did you make any videos on why the recent "ko vid" "back scene" is bad? That would be great to see.

[@akshaygopinath3751]

What would be your recommendation to boost immune system to help cure dry eczema?

[@Julia-nw9us]

Thank you for sharing such informative and great videos!! Hugely appreciated :) Could you make a video about mast cell disorders in the future? It'd be great to have the details broken down in an understandable way. Thank you :)

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Yes I will work on that! Mast cells are involved in lots of diseases. I do go over general mast cell function in my allergy videos.

[@Lisa-vp4yt]

Yay!! You took my suggestion and answered my questions re nk cell deficiency. Thank you for doing this video! I wish I could show you my blood panel because my immunologist can’t work out why I am deficient

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Glad I could help! Sorry you are a immunological mystery. I guess with 40 different potential issues to sort out, it can be tricky.

[@Lisa-vp4yt]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 the issue, I guess, is that I’m not symptomatic. The only symptom is I can’t fall pregnant!

[@RomanoPRODUCTION]

@@Lisa-vp4yt I am sorry about that. So your immune system stops some processes to have a fruitful little alien invading your body. I am sure sooner or later, you will have a solution to be able to have sleepless nights and days because of the little alien being barely predictable

[@Lisa-vp4yt]

@@RomanoPRODUCTION hahaha thanks for that. Yeah let’s hope my body becomes more cute alien friendly ❤️

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Sorry to hear that as well. I understand how tough it is to wait to get pregnant, especially if all of your friends get pregnant right away. My husband and I tried for over a year and had our fertility tested. Everything was normal, so more waiting. Then my doctor gave me Clomid and boom, baby on the way the first month. I'm not a medical doctor, but I wanted to share with you my experience since you shared with me. Very, very best of luck!

[@ravdobikjarb93]

What causes the cancer to “hide” from NK cells, since what it hides is normally a cloak for T Cells, and do we know if all cancers have an MR1 marker (correct me if I’m wrong). Very informative thank you.

[@user-hr5dg2lx3g]

Thank you so much for making this video. I'm a senior high school student from Taiwan. Our biology teacher is teaching about immune systems now. But I have a question about NK cells. Since our teacher said that MHC I appears in every cell with nucleus, I wonder why NK cell won't attack the RBCs in our body?(Since our RBCs don't have nucleus when it's functional) Is there other way for NK cells to tell apart normal and abnormal cells in our body? (I'm sorry that my english is poor......)

[@pulpchamber]

What bibliography do you recommend?

[@MatthewKGarr]

So KIR is the receiving end of what MHC’s present? If so, do they just scan and move on so that CD cells can come in and evaluate MHC presentation? Thank you again for an amazing video. Resources for NK cells were very much lacking when I took the MCAT

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Oh the MCAT. One of the best compliments my students give me is when they say I helped them ace the MCAT. Yes the KIR binds to the MHC-I. Scan and move on to the next cell, correct.

[@andrewfinlay5160]

Hello.. do you have a working knowledge on how VitD levels and zinc and selenium and K2MK7 and Lugols iodine and magnesium work together..or that just help our immunity

[@peaceonearth8693]

Pardon the personal question. I had bad food poisoning several years ago and had no problems with dairy before that. Right after the food poisoning I was suddenly lactose intolerant and have been ever since. I've always wondered if my immune system targeted my lactase producing cells prior to or during the renovation (healing) that I had after the the food poisoning? Great video, Thanks! (A bad enough case of food poisoning that I spent a week in the hospital, getting IV's.)

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

This is an interesting question. Often allergies and autoimmune diseases happen during a bad infection. If your food poisoning was caused by a bacteria or virus than yes it could have caused an allergy. I have a video on allergy, if you want to check it out. It covers more of your question. Sorry to hear it was so rough.

[@peaceonearth8693]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 Very much appreciate your answer FNI. I guess all of this is academic now for me. But I should have written that I'm now lactose intolerant, which is different from developing an allergy to milk protein, for example. My theory has been that since lactase enzyme producing cells in most people across the world cease to work into adulthood. That, maybe during my time of great duress that my immune system nuked everything that wasn't part of the adult person template. By the way, I'm the only person in my family history to have problems with milk throughout their lives. All the elders were still requesting ice cream in their 90's. Thanks again for reading my case. Guess that's the way it goes for me, could be worse. :)

[@ningll7733]

Thanks for sharing, is it the immun survilliance process?

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Yes natural killer cells are part of immune surveillance.

[@carefulconsumer8682]

Thank you. Blueberries + cardamom = more effective "killer cells" I read.

[@MrVenomDon]

Is there a way to test how much of these cells you have in your blood?

[@vanessamcgrew4486]

Hi, struggling immunology student here. Do natural killer cells only respond to MHC 1? Must be right? Becuase MHC II goes through a different process through APC's for the Tcells to handle right? OR do NK cells respond to both....

[@futurevision7692]

I am getting a blood test to measure my natural killer cells. what is the number or a range that indicates a healthy natural killer cell level?

[@MohammadBahiraei]

Excuse me I've got a few questions related to this topic how can ask you?

[@thomasfraser9072]

Anyway we can get these killer cells to kill the clones of my Multiple Myeloma cells? Any research going on? At 75 i am not found of the current treatments at all. Thanks

[@HR-yd5ib]

In vitro it seems one needs to have a 4 NK cells to 1 target cell ratio to achieve >50% target cell killing. Also the NK cells seem to undergo apoptosis after a few killing cycles. Do you have any experience in this regard? Why do they act less efficient in vitro even after stimulation?

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

That’s very interesting. I have only worked in vitro with T cells, macrophages, microglia and astrocytes. Things in vitro don’t have the same amount or mixture of cytokines and cells as a real tissue.

[@deutschnacharabischemgeschmack]

Does that mean that CD8 T cells kill normal body cells with MHC-1 ?

[@meeromeer8812]

Very simple explanation to that tough issue. But What is the difference between NK and Cytotoxic cells? Thanks.

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Natural killer cells are innate immune cells that fight non specifically and cytotoxic cells are T cells otherwise known as CD8 T cells that fight specific viruses and cancer cells.

[@meeromeer8812]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192: I do appreciate your reply, thanks.

[@sanjumhoudi9601]

Trying to discover and understand how the different layers interact. Please help. Are these statement and their flow correct: 1- Innate immune system uses Dendritic cells, T cells and Natural killer cells to fight off virus infection not allowing it to get inside your body. 2- It does that without the Antibodies ever becoming involved. 3- Antibodies do not keep a virus out. They can only react to something that has already got inside the body.

[@ks-hg5vo]

Help with a real scenario. Got covid jan. Got vx 28 days later, second jab 3 months l8r. Got booster monday .test positive this morning. Would original jab stopped the antibody maturation process from ni. Secondly would booster lead to cd4 and cd8 exhaustion making us vulnerable

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

The original jab 3 months ago should have boosted the memory B cells and T cells you made after getting COVID in January. Your immune cells especially CD4 and CD8 T cells are amazing and rarely get exhausted. Your scenario is a real mystery. I just read that most people who have recovered from COVID and then get vaccinated have the greatest level of protection. My guess would be that you did not make as many antibodies as expected, or you had a large infectious dose of COVID. I'm a PhD not a medical doctor, but I would recommend having your doctor check your antibody levels. I hope you feel better soon.

[@1aliveandwell]

How is this found on a lab test results, is it the lymphocytes(neutri.,basil.,monoc.,forget other) or ?

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Good question. You can take your total White Blood cell count (WBC) and mutiply it by 50%. www.cancer.org/treatment/understanding-your-diagnosis/tests/understanding-your-lab-test-results.html

[@1aliveandwell]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 Just wondered how labeled on a lab test, as Natural Killer cell or neutri. or .....

[@MATTETRUEFACT]

Hi! Is there a way to create synthetic perforin coded to destroy viruses like C19 after identifying the virus strain/chain. And if so..would it not be easier to manufacture pills with killer perforin after the deadly viruses that go around. IE a new variant of virus arise..that chain is added to the perforin anti-virus pill? Hope you got what i meant:) Regards Mathias

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

That's a fascinating question. Right now we don't have the ability to target the perforin well enough to a virus. The reason it works for the natural killer cells is because it is applied to cells that lack MHC-I. If you took it as a pill, it would kill any cells it encountered. Perhaps perforin could be injected into a solid tumor, but perforin will kill any cell it touches.

[@MATTETRUEFACT]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 Is there any way to decode the DNA strain of the cells that lack MHC-I`in todays science?

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

@@MATTETRUEFACT You can decode individual cells DNA and compare them. Single cell genomics.

[@jesseleblanc3936]

What do you think the outer reflection of these inner functions look like in our world, in living reality.

[@HR-yd5ib]

Question ... i heard there are very few NK cells in tissues ... how many NK cells does it require to kill an infected cell? Do they start proliferating once releasing Granzymes or how do they keep up with in infection?

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Yes at baseline there are few NK cells in tissue, but they can be recruited with chemokines made by damaged cells or other immune cells. A single NK can kill an infected cell

[@HR-yd5ib]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 , Many thanks! In vitro it seems one needs to have a 4 NK cells to 1 target cell ratio to achieve >50% target cell killing. Also the NK cells seem to undergo apoptosis after a few killing cycles. Do you have any experience in this regard? Why do they act less efficient in vitro even after stimulation?

[@caseysinclair2915]

***video request*** could you explain the Sanofi protein sub unit covid19 vaccine? :)

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Thanks! I will add it to the list.

[@caseysinclair2915]

@@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192 thank you 👍

[@user-kl1on3nw7y]

Uncut gaaammmzzzzz!!!!!

[@danielarossycrisostomolira9438]

un poquito de español por favor .

[@catrinaashlynn3289]

God bless Dr.Ayomede on KZbin, all my life will keep thanking you for the great help and for your product which actually works in eradicating herpes virus out of my body system

[@Zakariah1971]

Cause for some cancers found

[@ok4076]

Strawberries can boost t cell

[@NurislamPopov]

Except that they all kinda do have some memory

[@robertfield5904]

cancer feeds on (eats) sugars. Is there ways to make our blood make more T-cells (what do we eat). Deuteronomy 28, Revelation 21:8,

[@Heyokasireniei468sxso]

[@jdoe5873]

Hello ma'am. Thank you for this video! Very easy to digest. Sorry to pester you about this again but I have some follow up questions on the Novavax vaccine; I don't know how else to reach you which is why I have to resort to the comments section of your videos. You said that in other lipid nanoparticle vaccines, 83% stay in arm muscle and the rest circulate in the blood and is removed by the liver and the spleen in 24-72 hours. A few more questions if you don't mind. 1) Does this mean the 83% remains in the arm muscle to this day? 2) And if so, what do they do there? Just settle there? They are not harming the person? I'm just wondering where they go after immunizing the person. 3) Are these lipid nanoparticle types of vaccines safe for women who plan to get pregnant? 4) I also would like to hear your thoughts on Dr Geert Vanden Bossche's thoughts on mass vaccination. And if it only applies to the mRNAs like Pfizer and Moderna, and viral vectors like AstraZeneca and J&J? Link to his video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mHLXmGtrhqp-fc0 ZDoggMD uploaded a reaction to it here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/hHbcgpyVlN-Hq9E Sorry if these are stupid questions. I am really hoping the Novavax vaccine is the one for me, if Australia doesn't sign a deal with Valneva, so I'm trying to find answers to my concerns so I may be enthusiastic about getting Novavax when it arrives. Thank you.

[@friendlyneighborhoodimmuno7192]

Hi! Here is my email address: [e-mail] 1) The 83% is also only for 24-72 hours and then it is degraded in the muscle as well as the liver and spleen. 2) I haven't seen any published scientific data showing that it is harming the person. 3) Right now I know three mRNA vaccinated women who are pregnant. Now that's not science, but so far there are no reports of women who are vaccinated having trouble getting pregnant. In fact, in the Pfizer clinical trials 12 women got pregnant while taking the vaccine and placebo had 11 women get pregnant. 4) That's gonna take me a minute. I'll get back to you.

[@timothyhsu9418]

h h😂❤you already❤❤❤

[@robertdeheer1307]

Abbey normal cells

[@patricksimborth2924]

Natural Killeeer Ceeeellss 🤦🏻‍♂️ just use your regular voice kid

[@gulle4154]

Thanke u🥺🫀