Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes | Svante Paabo | Talks at Google

Neanderthal Man tells the story of geneticist Svante Pääbo's mission to answer this question, and recounts his ultimately successful efforts to genetically define what makes us different from our Neanderthal cousins. Beginning with the study of DNA in Egyptian mummies in the early 1980s and culminating in the sequencing of the Neanderthal genome in 2010, Neanderthal Man describes the events, intrigues, failures, and triumphs of these scientifically rich years through the lens of the pioneer and inventor of the field of ancient DNA.
We learn that Neanderthal genes offer a unique window into the lives of our hominin relatives and may hold the key to unlocking the mystery of why humans survived while Neanderthals went extinct. Drawing on genetic and fossil clues, Pääbo explores what is known about the origin of modern humans and their relationship to the Neanderthals and describes the fierce debate surrounding the nature of the two species' interactions. His findings have not only redrawn our family tree, but recast the fundamentals of human history-the biological beginnings of fully modern Homo sapiens, the direct ancestors of all people alive today.
A riveting story about a visionary researcher and the nature of scientific inquiry, Neanderthal Man offers rich insight into the fundamental question of who we are.
You can find the book on Google Books & Google Play: goo.gl/glnbz4

[@Lee90000]

I like how this guy is a genius and yet speaks humbly.

[@danielortega2441]

Here after he has won the Nobel prize

[@roycostilla3104]

Amazing talk, thanks for sharing!

[@artistrespondingoutside6406]

Always refreshingly interesting and a pleasant voice.

[@dharmeshsingh9358]

Congratulations for Nobel Prize

[@camerongill70]

This is such an exciting time in science. We are finally accepting that we are a mix of many species, it shouldn't scare you & we're not all that different. Why is it taboo researching how race came about. I find it both fascinating & necessary. As a species(all races) our existence is testimony to our success, we are all here together.

[@isakoqv]

"Race" isn't really a scientifically relevant term when it comes to humans these days. Terms like "population", "people", "ethnic group", or "community" are far less ambiguous when applied in the correct context.

[@jackchorn]

isakoqv Why is it not relevant when you can tell the "race" of a human by skeleton?

[@isakoqv]

jackchorn www.vox.com/2015/1/13/7536655/race-myth-debunked

[@6teezkid]

Whoa!! If one ever alludes to the differences of human races, YOU are a racist, bigot, insensitive and close-minded. In other words..."Political Correctness now supersedes settled science. Human regression. 🙊

[@SantoshKumar-xc6jr]

one step ahead to book extremists of different myths. Thanks Dr Svante Paabo for coming close to truth on human"s identity. i owe you too much......

[@ayrescaxias]

I Love „ I remaind you“🥰.

[@VLADIMIRMICHAILOV]

thank you

[@tonkatoytruck]

I would like to know if there are plans to sequence the Denisovan genome and what we know now.

[@Mdebacle]

Isn't this it ? www.eva.mpg.de/documents/AAAS/Meyer_High-coverage_Science_2012_1563678.pdf

[@nmarbletoe8210]

done in 2015 google scholar is our friend :)

[@phorrheel5289]

when will we see some results for erectus heidelbergensis etc in comparison to modern genome? ?

[@richardpetek712]

The genome from that time is even much older and therefore less preserved than the genome from Neanderthals.

[@islamicschool5669]

Wo one came after svante nobel prize win

[@gmakanaky08]

It is possible that with the high mortality of people during the glacial periods, it will be possible to find somewhere frozen well preserved fossils?

[@jindriskamachatova5114]

At the very end of the video the introducer says "Let's thank HIM for coming here". Good manners are evidently missing there, or did he forget the presenter's name is Svante Paabo?

[@jackchorn]

I understand this comment may be put into the category of pseudo. For the life of me I can't understand why there has not been a good DNA study (please if someone knows one direct me) to the unusual skulls of the Paracas. From what I understand is that while head binding can easily form and has been practiced by many cultures- but this does not expand the volume of the brain case. Maybe it is the cultures who head bind were trying to emulate the paracas? Apparently the skulls also have different nerve structure and less plates then modern human. I see no reason why this could simply be another hominoid- other then of course it flies in the face of ttodays accepted theories. I hope we are not testing simply because it doesn't fit into our theory of modern human and migration.

[@phorrheel5289]

jackchorn there was a dna study done it was found to be a modern homo sapiens with UNKNOWN Mutations. . an interesting fact ozzy Osbourne was given same results in his Unknown Mutations o.O

[@stanwebb3480]

Now to use the knowledge that we know...Can we see if certain individuals in the modern population have become... that have more Neanderthal DNA, do they seem to be a certain type of individuals vs being a different... Example are the individuals who have more Neanderthal DNA do certain times of jobs such as more physical type of work, manual labor verse ones who do not they are more educated and prefer desk jobs... Maybe even to the extreme do the ones who have be more become better athletes vs not.... Maybe the ones who do have both skills and tend to migrate to the jobs or life styles of be more adventurist, more type 1 personality as leaders....... ??????

[@kctaz6189]

Per genetic testing, my husband has one of the highest number of Neanderthal genes in the human population. He has a Masters degree from back when education was difficult and he held a difficult professional job for most of his career and achieved a very high level of leadership in a Federal agency, so I do not think his Neanderthal genes effected his learning or skills. The only thing I do notice about him, along with many others who have know him, is that he can eat an amazing amount of food and not gain weight. Many scientist who study these things think the high rate at which Neanderthals burned calories led to their demise during the Ice Age when food became scarce, yet, their bodies continued burning calories just as before. The scarcity of food then led to starvation due to their need for a high caloric intake. I do know a whole lot of people who struggle with their weight who look at my husband with envy and disbelief at how much he can eat and stay skinny. He is a worrier, so I have not told him about the Neanderthal genes and an increase in risk of dying from Covid. He'd worry himself sick. He hasn't gotten Covid, yet, and I hope he never does.

[@EteruVatu]

woman Neanderthal here 😂 meaning I also have more Neanderthal DNA than 86% of individuals who sent their spit to 23andMe for analysis - ~2% Neanderthal, apparently I’m basically equal parts jock and equal parts nerd, although the nerd in me kind of won out honestly. I’m endlessly curious and intellectual, soak up information like a sponge. I’m weirdlyyy coordinated though with really fast reflexes. Have always felt like an “alien”, to be honest. I’m pretty quirky and strange, but still well-liked for the most part I did get covid before vaccines came out, and I was quite sick for about three days but was fine after, thankfully. Green eyes. Oh yeah, I can’t seem to gain weight no matter what I do, so I’m with @kctaz6189’s husband on that one. Gain muscle pretty quickly. Still use stone tools haha just kidding. Ummm I’m not that afraid of heights. Kind of an adventurous type. Have ADHD.. bit neurotic.. but also super laid back I think that about sums me up :) fascinating stuff for sure

[@EteruVatu]

Now that I am older and have done a lot of self work, I am definitely feeling this urge to “lead”. I enjoy the idea of being a leader and have a pretty natural ability in that way I think, as long as my confidence is on board. :)

[@sjefh]

So, now we have two different groups of Homo Sapiens? Pure Homo Sapiens and Neanderthal Homo Sapiens?

[@nmarbletoe8210]

nah everyone mixed

[@duckmanjoel]

Could you create a 'virtual Neanderthal clone'? In other words, could a computer program be created that understands genes and how those genes are expressed against certain environments (anything from a hunter gather environment to modern day industrial environments). For the 'virtual Neanderthal', you put in what we know about the human genome and the hunter gatherer environment with all the dangers and risks, and then you make changes to the genome to see how that organism responds. Is the gene advantages or neutral or beneficial? Seems like such a program, once established, would be invaluable as genes are discovered. And to keep it completely modern, for example, the program should be able to recognize the change to the genome, for example PKU; but when phenylalanine is taken out of the environment, the individual thrives. The program should, of course, be able to suggest, if not identify, what in the environment is causing the distress to the 'virtual individual'. Such a program would be a bigger endeavor than the sequencing of the human genome, but certainly would be worth the expense once established. I hope to meet Dr. Paabo one day. I admire how he admitted he was wrong when he said that we would never sequence the genome of the Neanderthal. So maybe we will see a Neanderthal clone in 'the virtual reality.'

[@Al-hf5ey]

No, we don't know enough about how changes in a gene affect expression. He mentions this in the presentation. We are still in the trial and error phase. We have to change something and note the effect, there isn't really any predictive power for things that have not yet been studied.

[@user-hm1rf5oj2g]

***** Somehow I missed that he mentioned a virtual Neanderthal, hmm. Anyway, Caenorhabditis elegans genome sequence is now complete so maybe would do the computer program with C. elegans and then move up the ladder. Yeah, I kinda understood it wouldn't happen tomorrow, but one day, maybe in a hundred years such programs will be common place as people select genes for their designer babies. If you can imagine it, you can make it happen.

[@Al-hf5ey]

Joel W He mentions that we cant look at a sequence and predict what phenotype effect it will have, which is precicely what you would need to be able to do to run a simulation. Perhaps one day we can do simulations like you speak of, but we are nowhere close to being able to do that right now.

[@phorrheel5289]

look into CRISPR

[@ookkonaaoulusta]

I have many times thought, being blond must be from the Neanderthal people.

[@LordTomnoddy]

Reviewing this vid serves only to reinforce the previous impression I had of (no point in being coy) the covert "introgression" (ha-ha-ha!) into the presentation of an unhealthy dollop of political correctness. Especially now I've seen earlier, very similar presentations by Paabo in which some of the figures quoted are somewhat different. Notably, in a 2011 talk, he uses almost the same diagram as is shown here from 22:03 mins; and to illustrate much the same point-- --except then the figure for Neanderthal contribution to modern non-African genomes is given as C2.5%. Significantly higher than the 1 - 2% shown on the diagram in the more recent presentation. Yet afaik, no research suggesting a downward revision in the assessment has been conducted or released in the peer reviewed literature in intervening period. How the Neanderthal contribution to modern non-African genomes seems to have almost halved, apparently quite spontaneously and in just three years is perhaps, then, something of a mystery. While moreover, an elementary calculation based on the figures given earlier in both presentations relating to the comparative incidence of individual base pair matches between Neanderthal, and African and non-African genomes show a consistent C9% greater incidence of non-African matches.

[@LordTomnoddy]

***** It's actually a rather old argument and goes back to the kerfaffle between advocates of multiregionalism such as Wolpoff and pure ex Africae replacement supporters like Stringer. Each went to some pains as part of a little tangential detour provoked by Gods know who, to assert their preferred hypotheses were entirely consistent with the notion of maximal pan-human homogeneity (the respective arguments are not difficult to infer). Now specific but distinct archaic introgressions into only some modern populations have been identified, the same question arises but in arguably less tractable form. Causing unhinged ideologues on both political extremes to latch onto the science and seek to "interpret" bits selectively to puff their own irrelevant subjective preferences re human ancestry. Henry Harpenden, an Anthropologist at Utah University lines it out in quite amusingly blunt language, ""...The second theme is just the heavy dose of Denisovan DNA in Melanesians. This is eerily precisely what an anthropologist in 1950 would have said, more or less, before the great curtain of political correctness came down on human biology. Put crudely Melanesians are about 10% non-human (Neanderthal + Denisovan), Europeans and Asians are about 3% non-human, and so on. There are hints of similar complexity in the ancestry of Africans but that is all a complete muddle right now. This complexity would not have surprised any anthropologist in 1950 but it sure is surprising many of us these days. The 'out of Africa' hypothesis has dominated our thinking about human origins for the last 20 or 30 years, in large part I think because it conformed so well to the ideology of human differences being "only skin deep" and meaningless for medicine and for social sciences and for politics. Our textbooks are just saturated with long winded explanations about the irrelevance of race to anything else, and the idea pervades our universities like Marxism did in universities in the former Soviet Union. The new data show that there are likely rather profound and important differences among human groups and that we have to face up to them."" content.usatoday.com/communities/sciencefair/post/2010/12/archaic-neanderthal-cousins-reaction-roundup/1#.Vq6Qb9KLSt8 Given the ongoing high prevalence of arsehole left twaddle in many parts of Western academia, I'm suggesting some people are temporising a bit to reduce the amount of "facing up" needed to a point where they'll be less afflicted by the irrational shrieking of p,c. fanatics.

[@nmarbletoe8210]

perhaps the % estimate has a large confidence interval

[@tofukronosnl]

Does this mean that i am a homo sapien, and africans cro magnons.

[@apophisxo4480]

LOL

[@6teezkid]

Or...homo sapiens-sapiens.

[@phorrheel5289]

cro magnon is modern human they live outside of Africa (Mediterranean area of north africa) google search cro magnon read the wiki article

[@TheTamriel]

← 2.8% Neanderthal, 0.2% Denisovan. I'm a hunter-gatherer :p

[@apophisxo4480]

Ana Surena Vandenberg dos SantosI’m not sure why but that sounds strangely erotic….

[@bhairavamahakala7647]

+Apophis XO Because you're strangely perverted? :P

[@phorrheel5289]

Ana Surena Vandenberg dos Santos congratulations you can trace your ancestry back a Half a MILLION Years outside of Africa ;)

[@TheTamriel]

15-20.000 years in the max ain't half a million, I'd say.

[@phorrheel5289]

Well if you have Neanderthal dna. . Neanderthals lived outside of Africa for HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS of Years so Yes. :) your ancestors Original Europeans

[@whirledpeas3477]

I also got my PHD. from Amazon

[@ina4054]

Plz leave the animals alone, they re not our slaves or toys. Its indecent to abuse them in torture rooms as the laboratories

[@jari2018]

I guess they feel the same as holocaust victims in the gaschamber when to slaughter -but that dont count for almost every human since they have no soul and are just evil and dumb animals just as dumb humans dont count or thier feelings -Actually humans will be like these pets when enginners and politicians when they in thier stupidiy launches their governing ai's -then we will feel the sme emotions when we are spareparts for someone else more worthy -There is nothing a old guy like me can do since i dont count but i have known this since teenager so i guess you are not alone

[@ina4054]

@@jari2018 my dear, as long as i live i ll speak for them its my way to make use of my days here on this earth, how one day i understood n became vegan i ll be a reminder for others another way is posible so help ppl as i was helpt from smonels

[@BTinKH]

He never says where Neanderthals came from, only says they "appeared." Mutation? Mutation of what??

[@opensprings]

Neanderthals originally came from Africa, too.

[@michelmerle1331]

They say...…….

[@richardpetek712]

Neanderthals evolved from Homo Heidelbergensis who originate from Africa, like Homo Sapiens too. They merely spread to Europe and Western Asia a couple hundred thousand years earlier. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal

[@janetwhitney233]

We were created- not evolved