Neanderthal Misconceptions We Need to Stop Believing

In this video I am going to look into the list of misconceptions surrounding the Neanderthals and have all these misconceptions cleared up in one easy to share video!
The first misconception is that Neanderthals were dumb cave dwelling brutes.
There is more than sufficient evidence at this point in time that Neanderthals were intelligent, not just a little bit intelligent but equally as smart as us, modern humans.
There are a lot of misconceptions about what Neanderthals looked like, this has several reasons.
Like for instance the first reconstruction and thus depiction of a Neanderthal was created by French Palaeontologist Marcellin Boule in 1911.
This reconstruction was created after the discovery of the remains of a Neanderthal male at La Chapelle-aux Saints 1 cave.
The remains were approximately 60,000 years old and the Neanderthal male was estimated to be around 40 years of age.
You can see that the reconstruction depicts the Neanderthal male to be slouched, hunched, with bent knees, a straight lumbar spine, large protruding skull and brutish.
Because the curvature of the lumbar spine was missing in this Neanderthal individual it was immediately believed that all Neanderthals would have the same straight spine and terrible posture that was hunched back and therefore It was believed that Neanderthals were semi-bipedal.
Therefore the researchers back in the day believed that Neanderthals hadn’t fully evolved much like we did from the Great apes that we all came from.
Marcellin Boule then went on to further characterize the species of the Neanderthals as primitive creatures, creatures that had no similarities and relations to the anatomy of Homo sapiens, modern humans.
But what he didn’t realize at the time when he made this reconstruction is the fact that the skeletal remains that he was reconstructing belonged to an old male Neanderthal, and most likely one with a spinal deformity as it now seems that the shape of his particular spine was extremely uncommon among the Neanderthals.
The deformity came from the fact that this particular Neanderthal male had osteoarthritis, this is when the cartilage in the joints wear down in a more rapid rate or have been worn off completely, the lack of cartilage can cause the bone of the joint to thicken and move less smoothly.
So after we have discovered more and more Neanderthal skeletal remains we can clearly see that their anatomy is very similar to that of us modern humans, that they stood upright, no bent knees and fully bipedal.
#NeanderthalMyths #NeanderthalMisconceptions #NeanderthalTruth
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[@stevoplex]

"They can organize their living space." Much respect. I can't even do that. 😉

[@jefftheriault3914]

We typically end up with a bunch of stuff we thought we needed at first.

[@christopherhowton8734]

Very well said. 😂

[@aaronstacey1494]

So true 👍

[@harrietharlow9929]

Same--but I am learning lol

[@a.torresdewitt8041]

What a pleasure is to hear you and learn with you, Kayleigh. Thank you very much. God bless you.

[@coasterfun8446]

I just found your channel and I’m really glad I did! The last few months prehistory has quickly become one of my favourite periods to learn about and it’s always great to discover another channel that covers it. I really hope a lot of people see this video and others like it. It saddens me that so many see Neanderthals as some sort of joke when really, they’re like us in so many ways

[@andrewjohnson6716]

That one was great! These are discussions I get into all the time. It surprises me how many people still hold to outdated misconceptions about Neanderthals. Thanks for laying them out so succinctly.

[@slevinchannel7589]

I wanna say something about Science and Atheism on YT, if i may. Ever noticed how Science-KZbinrs and Atheist-KZbinrs are basically 'blood-related'? They even all cover Kent Hovind and such people; which aint a Coincidence. The Fanbases don't overlap enough though. Professor Dave pointed out in his video about the Discovery Institute: Some right-now literally fight for a Reverse of the Seperation-of-Church-and-State, which would be devastating. Telltale says to that: We need more Science-Enthusiasts and Atheists in-Office (he even provides infos how to run for Office). The fanbases not overlapping enogh is 1 thing, but people not quite realizing just how widespread and actually-intentional Science-Denial really is, as Professor Dave and Telltale recently expertedly explained, is 1 bigger thing.

[@Therealtracyduane]

You surprised me with the scope of misconceptions you claim exist today, but then I shouldn't be surprised with the current abysmal state of our education systems today. I was born 1962 and in elementary school I was taught most of what you discussed. The only misconceptions I learned were they lived in caves, (only partly wrong) and they slouched. Other than that I learned they can talk, create art, tools, work with fire and more. One last thing never assume that lack of evidence of attempts to cure or heal another is evidence of lack of empathy. Only about 2 to 3 percent of human beings are born without the ability to empathize with other humans and I have no doubt that applies to most mammals. Thank you keep up the good work.

[@MrJento]

Excellent logic. I’m hard pressed to make a factual contribution. So, on to philosophy! If you consider the 250,000 year time span of Neanderthal, and the 2000 some odd skeletal artifacts in hand, then what we have concluded about them, from that evidence is shaken. Like picking three people from the 4.7 billion on earth today, and defining everything about all of us from those three. I think your conclusions are logical. Especially in light of the most recent artifacts from the last ten years. Have a safe trip. Glad your getting an apartment. Wish you all the best. Fox staying tuned.

[@wilhelmthewoodcutter3428]

I missed the news today, yesterday there were nearly 8 billion. Time to hide in bunker?

[@MrJento]

@@wilhelmthewoodcutter3428 Hummm... your right. Google confirms 7.9 billion. Guess I need to buy a new almanac. It’s so hard to keep up with these pesky details. I’m more of a concept guy today. Keep checking me the details. Fox out.

[@Apokalypse456]

@@wilhelmthewoodcutter3428 Oh god... The end is nigh

[@MrJento]

@@Apokalypse456 Nope. Fox just muffed the count.

[@sgt.grinch3299]

Congratulations on moving and starting a new chapter in your life. I will continue to watch and enjoy your videos.

[@nefersguy]

Kayleigh, your videos on neanderthals has been very enlightening. Thank you for your research and dedication.

[@godisgooey]

I love all the topics you cover and how, you cover them. I subscribe to several ancient history channels and I really enjoy the visuals that they portray when explaining the chosen topics. That must take a lot of time and editing but it’s a nice companion to the subject matter. More than half the channels you never even see the person‘s face, it’s all visuals, with them narrating. Sometimes when I’m finished watching your post I go on the Internet and research for visuals pertaining to the subject matter you cover, most of the time there are plenty of pics to choose from.

[@folgore1]

Nice video! 1000 years ago (actually more like the 1970's), I did my 5th grade science fair project on "Dinosaurs and Early Man." For the "Early Man" part of the project, I had small plaster busts of Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, and the Neanderthal. I mistakenly assumed Homo Sapiens evolved from the Neanderthals. The classic evolutionary chart also mislead in that regard since the Neanderthal was always shown right before Homo Sapiens. Oh well.... Anyhow, one thing I've always wondered is whether the Neanderthals ever invented the bow? A documentary on the Neanderthal I saw on KZbin implied that the Neanderthals died out because they just couldn't compete with more agile Homo Sapiens. This documentary said that the primary Neanderthal hunting weapon was the thrusting spear. (They basically had to sneak up on game and stab them. The spear they had was not throwable.) Is this view still current or out-of-date?

[@slevinchannel7589]

I wanna say something about Science and Atheism on YT, if i may. Ever noticed how Science-KZbinrs and Atheist-KZbinrs are basically 'blood-related'? They even all cover Kent Hovind and such people; which aint a Coincidence. The Fanbases don't overlap enough though. Professor Dave pointed out in his video about the Discovery Institute: Some right-now literally fight for a Reverse of the Seperation-of-Church-and-State, which would be devastating. Telltale says to that: We need more Science-Enthusiasts and Atheists in-Office (he even provides infos how to run for Office). The fanbases not overlapping enogh is 1 thing, but people not quite realizing just how widespread and actually-intentional Science-Denial really is, as Professor Dave and Telltale recently expertedly explained, is 1 bigger thing.

[@jdbrown110]

I am a newbie here to your channel. This is the second video I have watched of yours. You some how popped up in my you tube feeds. Glad you did and so for have enjoyed watching you and your content. Another note: It is interesting how the explanation of history is changing over time because of new discoveries but also because of new interest from varying peoples. From some of what I have read it seems that the preconception or conceptions of several different finds throughout our history has been influenced by the Status quo of the field. Basically the Egos of some of these Men kept us from actually progressing in the actual, or in theory the life of our ancestors. Theorizing or going down a different path of perception was a forbidden idea by the lesser recognized scientist. Glad that it is now progressing and allowing a more open approach to this field.

[@barrywalser2384]

Kayleigh has an extensive playlist of videos similar to this one. Check them out.

[@shacklock01]

Yeah I remember spending a lot of time in my second year of uni doing papers on Neanderthals, and it was fascinating how much peer reviewed research was just coming out around that time (2015) regarding finds in Gibraltar and whatnot regarding artwork and personal affects/makeup/music. Was really starting to paint a rich culture for Neanderthals completely at odds with older stereotypes of dumb beasts. Tbf even levallois technology should have told people a long time ago these were some smart, advnced hominids. lookin forward to watchin the video. Yeeah good stuff you hit all the main points.

[@robertwalker1849]

That is a typical Human trait Looking down on those that we deem inferior to ourselves usually by those that think they are superior to us mere peasants Early Archaeologists were the Clergy and well to do Gentlemen with nothing to do with preconceived ideas that ignored facts that didn't fit history is full of their mistakes,

[@shaner67]

Much respect and love to you young lady. Keep putting up the great content and be confident in yourself, your amazing intellectual prowess is very apparent. The research you do is complete and easy to digest. Stay strong and believe in yourself because we all do. What a beautiful person you are because you care. Peace be with you. ✌️

[@lazarushernandez5827]

Haven't they found that the ancestors of both Sapiens and Neanderthals used fire? Why would it be a surprise that Neanderthals could also use fire?

[@MrJento]

They have. Numerous Neanderthal sites have examples of bones that were burned first in order to extract marrow. Fresh bone, when struck, fractures in a spiral pattern. The medical folks call this a “green-stick” fracture if you do that to your leg skiing. Bone that has been cooked a bit breaks lengthwise, a laminar fracture. Interesting little cut marks as from a sharp stone give further insight into the use of fire in cooking the meat off the bone. Typical of both species. N and S. Fox out.

[@magnificent6668]

Homo erectus used fire.

[@MrJento]

@@Bitchslapper316 Exactly right. As recently as ten years ago, and right up until today, for some people the position was “no they did not”. But as you point out now there is convincing evidence that they did. Convincing to a reasonable, open minded person. So there are those that even today will refute your statement. Because of what is referred to as the rule of three. This rule, informally states that any “extraordinary” finding must be confirmed in triplicate in order to go before “your peers” to be reviewed and found legitimate in the eyes of the body of paleo archeology. This leads to consternation in the comment sections such as this where eager armatures such as we report the latest findings but not formally accepted findings. An example is the white sands foot prints upon which Kayleigh has previously reported. Widely published in popular and first line journals, there are those in established academia that refuse to push the date of first man in America from 6000 odd years to 26,000 odd years. The tracks are unmissable and dating is tight. But to some two more independent finds must first confirm before it’s accepted as scientific fact. So there is evidence to support all you say, and more. Some even say Erectus built boats and sailed relatively long distances. That is a level of developmental complexity well beyond fire and all that that suggests. But it’s not “official”, yet. Thoughtful comment. Fox out.

[@swirvinbirds1971]

@@MrJento i thought the white sands footprints push it from 15-20k years to 30-40k years ago....

[@Rampart.X]

Even birds have been seen to use fire. Specifically, when there is a fire, some breeds of birds have the nous to pick up burning sticks and drop them in areas to excite their prey out the brush into sight so they can catch them.

[@Harleylovinchelley1]

Great video. I enjoy your approach to issues. Hope to see more from you. That turtleneck looks adorable, you should wear them more often.

[@littlebear1520]

I think you're doing a great job with the neanderthal topic and I've always been very interested in that topic and I'm glad that you're bringing so much to light about it

[@MrJento]

Very eloquent, my friend. Glad to see you here. Fox out.

[@CavemanFlintknapper]

Hey Kayleigh my name is Leigh! Long time follower first time commenter great videos keep it up

[@gregathorne6820]

Enjoy England and the new place. Don't stress, you're very clever, things will work out fine :) I'll enjoy watching the older vids again to make sure we are fully preped for your next upload. :) If Neanderthals were in the habit of organising their living space well, I'm inclined to believe they were more advanced than a number of modern humans, including myself. 😅

[@slevinchannel7589]

I wanna say something about Science and Atheism on YT, if i may. Ever noticed how Science-KZbinrs and Atheist-KZbinrs are basically 'blood-related'? They even all cover Kent Hovind and such people; which aint a Coincidence. The Fanbases don't overlap enough though. Professor Dave pointed out in his video about the Discovery Institute: Some right-now literally fight for a Reverse of the Seperation-of-Church-and-State, which would be devastating. Telltale says to that: We need more Science-Enthusiasts and Atheists in-Office (he even provides infos how to run for Office). The fanbases not overlapping enogh is 1 thing, but people not quite realizing just how widespread and actually-intentional Science-Denial really is, as Professor Dave and Telltale recently expertedly explained, is 1 bigger thing.

[@jamesparker6876]

I like all that you mentioned, but mostly, I like real people like you Kayleigh. Your honest approach to history and the humans who shared that history demonstrates your unbiased balanced analysis of what history really is. Lots of Love, James

[@Doo_Doo_Patrol]

Keep it in your pants Jimmy.

[@dayo89]

You can never talk enough about Neanderthals! Such a fascinating, grossly misunderstood and misrepresented part of our ancestry. I have long been obsessed and in awe of these amazing people. Thank you so much for your videos. They’re so informative and accessible. Your passion for your subject is infectious. Thank you so much my lovely 🙏❤️❤️❤️😘😘

[@longboz]

they are not part of our ancestry

[@dayo89]

@@longboz then why do we carry some of their dna?

[@longboz]

@@dayo89 as moderns moved out of africa 60k years ago we met and mated with neanderthals who were living in the levant at the time and so we inherited about 4% of neanderthal dna.

[@dayo89]

@@longboz I assumed if we have some of their dna, they’d be part of our ancestry. But you’re right we have shared ancestry, their branch veered off. Cheers for that John. I feel appropriately silly now, as I should for such a glaring error!🙈🤣🤣🤣

[@MaidenAriana]

I love your work Kayleigh and have been keeping up with your content. I just want to mention that the audio sounded different in this one. Very tin canny if that makes sense. You were still easy to hear and understand but it is something just to check out for next time!

[@barrywalser2384]

There was a technical problem. The audio file was corrupted on upload.

[@donaldcampbell3043]

Good to see the Neanderthals getting credit where credits due. Never considered them to be brutish, really the only critical thing we were taught was they had a primitive tool kit, but like anything else, our knowledge of them is limited to what remains we can find, be it physical remains, art relics, dwellings, tool remains, middens etc... if anything I think they were superior to H. Sapiens in some ways and better equipped to live in the ice ages

[@shacklock01]

their adzes/hand axes were actually about as sharp as a modern surgeon's scalpel though, thats a pretty advanced toolkit imo.

[@Rampart.X]

You have to wonder how some scientists can extrapolate more information from little information. "Brutish" is pretty funny presumption to make of a people who successfully survived the brutal circumstances of their environment. Indeed it sounds very '19th Century' in its confidence.

[@donaldcampbell3043]

@@Rampart.X thats exactly what it was, when the first Neanderthal remains were found in Germany, they originally thought the remains were brutish, later in the mid to late 20th century the opinions changed, and let's face it, if the world went to crap right now we'd love to have the Neanderthals skills and tool kit...

[@Rampart.X]

@@donaldcampbell3043 👍🏻

[@loctite222ms]

@@Rampart.X You can easily make the argument present day man can be pretty darn brutish.

[@davidwolf2562]

good informative work ... I am a life long student of behavioral sciences and was orginally mis educated ... in so many disiciplines ... maybe we should be more circumspect about the evolving sciences we teach ...

[@PhilipCockram]

Interesting concepts . Prejudice has always played a part in our thinking .Glad to see you're trying help correct that . Great work my friend .

[@MrJento]

Conceptually prejudice requires some familiarity with the subject of your pre-judgement. What we have here is just plain old ignorance. And a bit of racial pride. By compiling and presenting FACTs Kayleigh is dispelling ignorance. Always a noble cause. Bravo! Fox out.

[@zedmoe]

They're awesome welders!

[@PhilipCockram]

@@zedmoe And some of my best friends !

[@PhilipCockram]

@@MrJento Agreed .

[@magnificent6668]

It needed to be, or the myth of "homo sapien" doesn't work, so evolutionary time line doesn't work. No discipline wishes to admit it was wrong about about such major assertions.

[@thhbrw]

Hartelijk bedankt voor deze samenvatting. Ik heb nu een plaats waar ik naar kan verwijzen.

[@kstar2157]

Great video Kayleigh. I've just recently discovered your channel and now I can't get enough. I am officially a history nerd. I do have a question however, and I'm sure you covered it and I just missed it. Why do Neanderthals not have the Homo prefix? Like you said, most of us have the DNA within us. Congratulations on the new appartment. I hope it's all you want it to be and more

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

What do you mean the Homo prefix? They are officially called Homo neanderthalensis if that's what you mean 🙂

[@thomasnuedling9167]

You are not a history nerd. You are a history afficianado!

[@slevinchannel7589]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh I wanna say something about Science and Atheism on YT, if i may. Ever noticed how Science-KZbinrs and Atheist-KZbinrs are basically 'blood-related'? They even all cover Kent Hovind and such people; which aint a Coincidence. The Fanbases don't overlap enough though. Professor Dave pointed out in his video about the Discovery Institute: Some right-now literally fight for a Reverse of the Seperation-of-Church-and-State, which would be devastating. Telltale says to that: We need more Science-Enthusiasts and Atheists in-Office (he even provides infos how to run for Office). The fanbases not overlapping enogh is 1 thing, but people not quite realizing just how widespread and actually-intentional Science-Denial really is, as Professor Dave and Telltale recently expertedly explained, is 1 bigger thing.

[@Mattertransfer]

Kayleigh you are brilliant. Your love of history is contagious. Are you doing these stories off the top of your head? Or do you read them off a teleprompter? Either way you are very talented. One tiny little thing that bothers my retired cameraguys brain. It's your mic cable. You have to hide it. It drives me crazy. Just bring it up under your sweater out your collar and clip it a little higher on your chest. It might even pick up a little better. Oh and could you use a fast dissolve where you cut the video now? I love the way you are sticking up for the Neanderthals. Do you think they died out? Or did they blend with Homosapiens? Thanks for your wonderfully work. When I get a bigger income, I'll become a patreon. Until then I will like and subscribe.

[@yeoldfart8762]

Just before noon here in AK. For years I’ve felt that Neanderthal folks were under estimated. Hope I have my full Quota for their DNA in me. I also feel that all ancient humans are under estimated in their abilities. Thank you for the show.

[@danielmalone4446]

Im proud Neanderthal too brother!

[@Venator631]

I remember reading somewhere that Neanderthal were probably smarter than us. (At this point that isn't hard to believe we the big dum)

[@benc2972]

@@Venator631 We really are the big dum. Lol

[@sonpopco-op9682]

Over-estimated. They were the man eating monsters in the Night, attacking under cover of darkness. Killing & eating homo sapiens, dragging off the females for later use. They were also 3- 5x stronger than even modern humans. They are the source of ALL YOUR NIGHTMARES

[@yeoldfart8762]

@@danielmalone4446 Yep!

[@budatrox9171]

Hey! Your videos are great! Keep up the good work. Always want to know more. Was wondering if you did any research on how many structures non h. Sapien have been built? Anyways, keep rambling too! It's awesome!

[@KerriEverlasting]

Really look forward to History with Kayleigh! 💖

[@cjmacq-vg8um]

i look forward to kayleigh. history? i look backwards at. (insert a smiley-face icon at your discretion.)

[@KerriEverlasting]

@@cjmacq-vg8um haaaa! I see what you did there lol

[@cjmacq-vg8um]

@@KerriEverlasting ... nice to meet someone with a sense of humor. glad i was able to make you smile. i wonder, did other hominids laugh? maybe its laughter that defines our species. could you imagine an entire culture and society based not on politics, economics or religion but on laughter? who knows. perhaps the Egyptian hieroglyphs were all one big comedy routine! i mean, the pictographs, themselves, are funny. people with animal heads. come on. that has to be a joke.

[@mikebruns9750]

Love everything you post, I learn more every time

[@theharbinger2573]

Great Video Kayleigh. I just recently found your channel and subscribed (about a month ago).

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Happy to have you here, hope you like my work 🤗

[@donmcneal233]

Just can't help but watch & learn! I've been with you for some time & will continue. You're okay in my book!

[@stephenschiffman5940]

Glad I discovered this channel. Up until now, I believed the "dumb Neanderthal" myth.

[@8BitZ0mbie]

Always great videos with what must be a ton of research. Thanks again. I think the lav-mic not be working though. Audio sounds a bit distant to be a lav mic

[@mayflowerlash11]

At about the 5 minute mark you note that the appearance of and the spinal shape of Neanderthals was based on one single skeleton and therefore incorrect. This was demonstrated by the discovery of other skeletons at a later date. Surely it is important that the number of bones of a specific ancestor species determines the how certain we are about how they looked. I am always hearing and seeing depictions of what our ancestors looked like but I am never told how many individuals this based on. If it one skeleton or skull it is almost pointless to try to recreate what they looked like. Consider the modern human population and the variability within it. In 100,000 years when a fossil skeleton from the present is uncovered it could be 5 feet tall or 6 feet tall a substantial difference you have to agree. Every reconstruction should come with a statement about how many individual bones or skeletons it is based upon.

[@Rampart.X]

Sadly, science has been taken over by the most ambitious, arrogant and careerist people. They make all sorts of silly assumptions and conclusions to gain attention and funding. The example you gave is one of false inductive reasoning - ie "this one thing looks like this, therefore all of these things must have been like this". I see this all the time. It's infuriating.

[@MrJento]

@@Rampart.X Sadly your right. An archeologist without a grant is simply an unemployed liberal arts major with a very expensive hobby. And grant money is dolled out by other archeologists who have reputations to guard. The word of the day is “don’t rock the boat”. This worked just fine for years. Nobody read their papers except their peers and the occassional college student taking a class in archeology for diversification. Then along came youtube with hordes of curious folks such as we watching articulate curious folks like Kayleigh. Suddenly the facts had better add up for archeology. Like never before. Fox out.

[@MrJento]

Just so. Sometimes they show a “complete” Skelton for reference. Sometimes a skull, usually not. A few ribs, an arm bone here, a leg bone there, a few vertices. Most of the small bones get carried off by “varmints” the better to be gnawed upon. Occasionally as with Denisovan they find a single knuckle bone in a paleo rats nest not completely gnawed out. So varmints can work both ways. So in reality a “complete” skeleton is usually about 20% of an individual or less. But then! They found an entire upper torso in the levant. No skull no arms. Nothing from the hips down. But an entire backbone! And they sent it to the University if Washington medical school for assembly and confirmation. I know I’m an alumni and get a news letter and solitarily for donations. Never give them money! You’ll never get a moments peace! So what they got back from the UW was a spine with virtually no curve. As you may know people have curved spines the better to walk upright and carry stuff. This led to all kinds of postulations about how Neanderthal could not run. Or walk upright. Or migrate and carry a load or a child. In and on. Then some MD saw the MRI of the lavant bones. “Worst case of osteo arthritis I’ve seen this year”. Oops! So now several papers are being retracted. That rustling sound you hear are paleo anthropologists scurrying for cover. We all make mistakes. But some fields of endeavour are less forgiving. Anthropology and bomb disposal spring to mind. Usually they don’t get second chances. Nature of the beast. Fox out.

[@timfahey7127]

@@MrJento more importantly, what does fox out mean? You have a cool "See you later alligator " that's all your own. Lucky you. Zebra out

[@MrJento]

@@timfahey7127 Ok. You ask. In the military some units have radio call sights. Expressed in phonetic radio terminology. Thus Whiskey-Tango-Echo-Foxtrot for WTEF. In frequent usage abbreviated to Foxtrot. Then simply fox. Much like “maverick” in Top Gun, only much more elegant. Don’t you agree? Then when it became necessary to assume a nom du plume, or nom du guerre, as the case may be for some semblance of privacy on youtube, what do you suppose sprang to mind? And so fox was formalised to the latin, literally “true fox”; Vulpes vulpes. The genus and species of ...well the true fox as opposed to the false fox, which is a whole story in itself. Standard radio telephonic procedure, to which I adhere because I once obtained a 3rd class operators licence, is as follows. At the end of transmission the last party transmitting says “out”. Indicating that no further conversation is required. If a reply is expected “over” indicates the desire for further immediate discussion. If less pressing, “standing bye” indicates that you may take your time to formulate your reply. There are others of course, but these form the basics sufficient for youtube comments. Obviously the often used, but erroneous, “over and out” from the movies is incorrect and betrays the amateur. There. Be careful of what you ask. You may get an answer. Fox out.

[@iamironkanute8750]

Hello, and thanks for the video. I saw a documentary years ago that said one of the differences that defined Neanderthal as different than homo sapiens was the shoulder joint. The video went on to suggest that the Neanderthal shoulder socket would not allow casting a spear to be a reliable option, suggesting that they used it as a stabbing weapon. It was suggested that this was 1 reason they found it difficult to compete with homo sapiens. If you should do another video on Neanderthal I would be interested to see if newer research has confirmed or dispelled this idea. Thank you so much for your work.

[@johndavis6119]

More Neanderthals? Yes, please, Our Lady of ancient history. Great video.

[@Crusher2100]

Nice reference citing, the "more than enough evidence" repeated statements were very satisfactory for confirming your finding lol.

[@dannyfullbright1049]

Always interesting content and very pleasing and easy on the eyes. Good job

[@duiliodelimaalmeida9374]

Highly informative, straight to the point, just perfect! Thank you Kayleigh, you rock!!

[@fettalk]

This is some great information Kayleigh! I really enjoyed it. Wished I would've caught it live. Would love to do a collab with you to discuss bigfoot and giants. Not real sure how I feel on either.

[@johnnysmokes1649]

That would be amazing to see you two ladies chatting about giants and bigfoot!! I would love it!!

[@ladywolfwolf]

​@Marcel Schuller I wonder if it was you I saw that one time.

[@vmwindustries]

Love your show. You have a but of an echo. Try egg cartons on the wall as a sound proofing system. It's cheaper then the foam, you're reusing, and can still be recycled. Anyway, keep up the great work. Cheers 🍻 from Canada 🇨🇦

[@barrywalser2384]

There was a technical problem with this particular video. The audio file was corrupted on upload.

[@richardcheek2432]

Thank you for the video, Kayleigh! There are many types of 'intelligence' and the Neanderthals had a plurality of these forms that enabled them to survive in their environment. Neanderthals have not gone extinct, but have evolved into an improved gene pool among modern Man. But this idea that they are extinct is hard to move away from as their initial fossil samples found, as you point out, were not typical of them. Good luck and God bless your work!

[@MrJento]

I usually come back and comment on the comments to her videos. I was going to discuss intelligence. You beat me to it. Good for you. Intelligence is not simply technology as we seem to think today. It is the ability to solve problems and survive. I doubt many of us today, clever folks that we are, could survive the conditions that our forebear species survived. Thus we stand upon the shoulders of giants. Fox out.

[@harrietharlow9929]

All all humans continue the Neanderthal line. I'm proud of my bit of Neanderthal. They prevailed under circumstances that would likely kill me off.

[@richardcheek2432]

@@harrietharlow9929 Does the fossil record show that all modern humans are descended from Neanderthals? My understanding is that Neanderthals inhabited the Levant and modern humans inter-bred with some of the moderns, but later the Neanderthals were pushed out of that area and reduced how many modern humans interbred with them. The modern humans that migrated into Europe still got a heavy amount of interaction, but this was much less for the modern humans that migrated East toward Asian territory like china and India. The Modern humans that remained in Africa got very little Neanderthal DNA. Do you disagree?

[@kariannecrysler640]

Safe and exciting trip wishes. Congratulations on new apartment. Sending you sunny weather and many smile’s good luck Kayleigh

[@perceivedvelocity9914]

I suspect that a lot of people think that the Neanderthal's were dumb because they went extinct. (Extinct as a separate and unique species.) We are taught as children that modern humans are able to live in every environment because of how smart we are. It creates a bias that's hard to break.

[@MrJento]

More than break. We often can’t even see around it!

[@mutanthybrid3466]

These biases are likely true, but the realities are that right now we are showing how intelligence can cause a species to flirt with extinction as well. We are destroying our environment and each other.

[@woodspirit98]

Neanderthals we're almost entirely meat eaters. Humans have a much more varied diet. This contributed to their numbers falling lower and greater distances between small groups.

[@telebubba5527]

@@mutanthybrid3466 What intelligence? I have long ago come to the conclusion that our "intelligence" is a rather limited thing and who knows what the Neanderthals would have been capable of doing had they lived much longer. The capability to selfdestruct is not something that I would call intelligent.

[@MrJento]

@@woodspirit98 Thats the story as of about 10-12 years ago. But new information is coming almost before the ink is dry. Kayleigh mentioned some dental analysis. Plaque on fossil teeth is unique and identifies that oats were consumed. A radio isotope study suggests that roots were also consumed. Several mitochondrial DNA studies all agree that Neanderthal had a base metabolism about 30% higher than modern man. The consensus among nutritionists is that only a high fat/protein diet could sustain such a metabolism. Take all that together and you see an eager eater consuming everything it could find or kill. Eating to stay warm. As to population numbers the picture is clear. They were simply not as numerous as other homo species. But then they lived under the harshest conditions. But food availability does not seem the limiting factor. No single factor jumps out. And yet they were dispersed widely in small groups and migrated regularly. One paper in natural science likened them to the great bears of North America. They live below the carrying capacity of their environment, widely dispersed and migrating within a home range. Competition for resources does not seem a factor. Rather it appears to be genetic. As apex predators/omnivore they have no competition save themselves. They have a long natural lifespan. Thus no selective pressure to over populate. The down side is low genetic diversity and decreased vigor. It’s the subtle Achilles heel to being the biggest, toughest guy on the block. And if you step back Neanderthal was just that. The biggest toughest guy on the block. With a hearty appetite and a slow reproductive rate. Too slow to adapt to some environmental change. Food for thought. Fox out.

[@wesjackson7775]

I have been watching your videos for about 3 months now. They are very interesting. One thing I would like to see a video on is how the transition from one species to the next generation of that species. There have to be remains that have to have been found that do not fit into precisely one species or the other but it is obvious that they were in the middle of a transition from one to the other. I am more interested in the transition that brought about the homo sapiens. I know that one day there was not a man and a woman just showed up and started creating the homo sapien species. I normally watch videos on my TV so I don't generally leave comments, I haven't found a way to comment while logged in on the TV. Keep up the good work.

[@largemarge1603]

This's yet another example of diversity within a population. The last time I owned a television set was sometime last century. I have zero-zero-zero interest in televisionprogramming.

[@thomasmonroe7947]

The misconceptions as to intelligence in hominids has traveled the same path as the dinosaurs that were once thought of as evolutionary dead ends who dragged their tails around in swamps lethargically taking swipes at each other to, maybe, fall asleep, face down in a carcass because they just couldn’t be bothered to get excited about being alive. Now we know they were vibrant, intelligent animals with lifestyles as intricate as any animals currently extant and that thrived longer than many other organisms. Hominids were probably always on top of their game given any intuitive and inventive nature as they observed their world. You can’t be stupid and survive long. Cave dwelling may have been a thing but it wasn’t the only thing and, even at the earliest stages of human evolution, there would have been notions of how to improve not just the way they lived but, also, creatively utilizing whatever was at hand to ensure strong acquisition of food and resources. Whatever lines of history that brought us to this point in existence do not cancel out that, the idiocies of today that have massive potential to destroy most living things on the planet, with the push of a psychopaths finger on a button, are clear indication that we do not trump any hominids that came before. Stupid is as stupid does. And, to double down on that narrow view of human progress-a sexist moment. Kayleigh is HOT! Smart and good looking……just….ouch.

[@pbohearn]

I prefer the long legged hominids hahsha

[@peterwarner553]

thank you, I often find it a little frustrating all the old misconceptions out there about our ancient ancestors and cousins ❤

[@erniemathews5085]

Always really good content. Have you considered a collaboration with Erika the primatologist? You both know so much!

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Collaborations are difficult to arrange and not everyone wants to do it

[@philedney5381]

ernie mathews you debaucherous swine. To indulge such depravity with a request as yours. Your beast you would strangle with such content. Of that we know. May mother Mary have mercy on your soul.

[@dayo89]

Sorry Kayleigh, I’m clearly warming to the theme this morning😬 I wondered what your thoughts are on the portrayal of Neanderthals in Jean M Auels “Clan of the Cavebear”. I adored that book for its detail and capacity to transport you to that time. But, I also found the description of Neanderthals to be a more accurate and fairer representation of our much maligned cousins. But, would love to hear your views. Thank you, I’m definitely going now……I promise!😬😬🤣🤣🤣

[@krinkrin5982]

I second this. A lot of the misconceptions mentioned above are still present (for example their posture, lack of verbal language, or their technology being more primitive), but it still goes a long way in portraying them as humans with their own culture and way of thinking.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

I haven't read her books so i don't know how she described them 🙂

[@dayo89]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh they’re historical fiction but, she did a lot of research which is evident throughout. It was made into a film in the 80s with Daryl Hannah. It’s about a homo sapien child being found by a Neanderthal group and subsequently brought up by them. It examines the culture clash that such encounters may have experienced. Her descriptions and detail are fantastic and the story is enjoyable. Perhaps some reading for while you visit us in the uk. It’s always nice to have a book when you can’t do anything else because of the rain! Have a fabulous trip but don’t forget your umbrella ☔️😬🤣🤣

[@dayo89]

@@krinkrin5982 oh that’s interesting, I always loved the fact that their language whilst it did contain grunts and noises, it did explain, I think, how different inflections etc had different meanings. But, they a had a rich non verbal/sign language that was actually really complex and nuanced. I loved the way she described that in the book. How they would communicate with their whole look body and posture. And that lying was almost impossible as to the observer you were an open book. I guess I thought she was showing how sophisticated their intelligence was by their capacity to communicate and understand complex themes and emotions, albeit in a different way. It’s interesting to see your point of view, thank you 🙏 😀

[@krinkrin5982]

@@dayo89 From what I remember from the book, their vocals were limited, so they mostly used them for names. Like you said, they had a very complex sign language. It's even explained in later books that there were multiple sets of gestures, one for kids that were only just learning, and one for adults. I really liked the idea that the only real way for them to lie was to not mention something due to the ability to read body language. It is explained that they were very practically intelligent, having complex social interactions, but they were struggling with certain abstract concepts and generalizations, like the idea that a number symbol can indicate multiple things, depending on context. Ex. Two fingers were not the same as two animals. I always found that interesting, and kind of counterintuitive, but still believable.

[@MadMonkeySeeds1]

im pretty sure the neanderthal people were very evolved ,they were able to glue stone spearheads on wooden stakes, they made a glue from a numberof ingredients and through a very strict process extracted a natural glue, you can not do such things if you have no intelligence. Awesome video kaylleigh 🤘

[@thefurrybstard1964]

A strict and very time consuming process too.

[@elisdeliofa5570]

still cant glue some stone to build modern house instead they go inside the cave

[@Apanblod]

What does it mean to be 'very evolved'?

[@guyh.4553]

Best comment "Really?" 😆😆😆😆 Very good analysis Kayleigh! 👍

[@wilhelmthewoodcutter3428]

It is not that we under estimate how dumb they were, we over estimate how smart we are. We often take credit for making tools. I have infact made tools, but I would guess that less than 99% of humans have never made a tool and less than 10% can make a fire even with a lighter let alone from a rock or by rubbing sticks. We should say, some humans make tools or go to space or build robots, many humans can't set the time on microwave, including myself. It is a bit like saying all humans can dunk a basketball or bench press 400 pounds just because a few can.

[@gadpivs]

But all humans, for hundreds of thousands of years, could make quite intricate tools. The modern person's inability to make tools has nothing to do with how intelligent he or she is, but rather, the lack of instruction provided early in life. It's a cultural issue, not a neurological issue. If you study a contemporary group of hunter-gatherers, every one of their children can make better bows and arrows than even quite skilled craftsmen from the West. They don't have a select group of elite individuals who are smarter than everyone else who make the best tools. Specialization of that kind came later thanks to civilization, where people gradually lost control over things like food production and distribution of resources to an emerging social hierarchy, resulting in individuals focusing on one specific craft for economic reasons while being totally ignorant of many others. Prior to agriculture, everyone needed to know the same skills by necessity, and the differences in ability were marginal at best. Of course, a random person from the Paleolithic being incapable of building a rocket destined for the moon does not mean that his culture is "less" than ours, because our rockets are the result of millennia of incremental changes -- so it depends on how you define "smart." Were Neanderthals not as dumb as some people think because they were probably capable of quite complex language, art, and effective hunting tools and techniques? Yes. Were Neanderthals not as dumb as some people think because a culture with space rockets is not indicative of the average individual's intelligence within that culture? Well, obviously, but I really don't think anyone believes they were dumber than us simply because they didn't have modern technology.

[@bvyup2112]

If you were raised making tools it would be natural just like neanderthals

[@cowlevelcrypto2346]

Still, very few humans were ever able to set the clock on their VHS tape players. Even though the instructions were right there on the lid, black electrical tape always seemed to solve the problem, even if the same effort was expended.

[@bvyup2112]

@@cowlevelcrypto2346 that's a fair point lol

[@mandygershon8603]

@@cowlevelcrypto2346 My 2-yr-old could make the VHS function, and he could also climb to the top of the refrigerator (eeek!), so he must have Neanderthal genes. LOL!

[@josephjackson5088]

Kayleigh thanks as always. Your hard work, knowledge and insight always greatly appreciated.

[@garrylalonde6836]

i would be very interested in your thoughts as to why they died off , thanks for the information , very informative

[@barrywalser2384]

Kayleigh has done several videos on that subject. Check out her playlist

[@largemarge1603]

@Garry, According to gene testing, I carry thirteen (13) percent Neanderthal DNA. We are still here and going strong.

[@larrydaniels6532]

@ Garry Lallonde When you are being systematically being hunted and killed by Homo Sapiens you tend to die out!

[@brentclark7374]

Wow never heard that song before, I really like it (and quite a nice voice too!)

[@barkasz6066]

Another common misconception about the Neanderthals is that they exclusively lived during the Last Ice Age and that they were specifically adapted to the cold. Neanderthals existed for 400.000 years and if I remember correctly they actually spent more time living in climates similar to or even warmer than our climate today, than during ice ages. The Last Ice Age was like their third or fourth glacial period.

[@MrJento]

Exactly right! As a species they rode out at least three glacial cycles. Leading to the debate on the cause of their extinction. All evidence points to them being highly cold adapted. Evidence from the period of the last glacial maximum. Inductively they must have bern able to adapt evolutionarily from cold to warm and back again. Just as other species have been seen to do. What stands out on a climate graph is the abrupt warming that was occurring just before the younger dryas event. So abrupt that many species appear to have not been able to adapt selectively, and thus shuffled off this mortal coil. Fox out.

[@SR91313]

400,000 years is an insanely long time for a species like us to stay dumb. There's really no telling how far along they advanced. If we had an ELE there would be very little trace of us and what we accomplished after a few hundred years, let alone thousands.

[@MrJento]

@@SR91313 ELE. Everybody love everybody? Nono. English learner education? Nono. AHHA! Extinction level event. Got it. Most people can’t remember where they parked at the mall. Much less relate to all of modern recorded history occurring over the last 6000 years. Or anecdotal history over the 12,500 years since the younger dryas. Much less comprehend the 100,000 year cycle of a glaciation. Or the species life span of Neanderthal covering four such glaciations. Who really knows what mischief they got into on those long cold ice age nights? Hummm? Nothing like developing civilization and some decent rudimentary technology to keep your toes warm at night. Food for thought, perhaps speculation. Fox out.

[@SR91313]

@@MrJento -haha....yeah, it's hard to fathom time like that. Now try 4.5 billion years😳😱 Or even just a million. lol. We don't know what all has really happened on this planet other than continents shifting and sliding and a shit ton of earthquakes, freezing/heating and flooding in the first couple billion. After that everything could have been erased numerous times. I'm pretty sure when a glacier takes over an area everything around it is completely destroyed. I love it when we pretend to know and generalize everything that has happened on this planet.

[@MrJento]

@@SR91313 Yep. But it beats not caring at all.

[@tjthreadgood818]

Your channel is wonderful, among my favorites, including this episode, but I want to say something that might come across as critical, when I really intend it to be informative. And that is that I am detecting a definite echo, as if you are in a fairly small room, like a large closet, or a bathroom [a water-closet lol]. It doesn’t bother me at all, but I was just wondering if that was true.❤😊

[@loctite222ms]

For some time, I've thought that modern man isn't substantially more intelligent than primitives. Neanderthals included. We just have a much larger knowledge base to draw from. Sometimes that knowledge keeps us from seeing simple low-tech solutions that would be obvious to primitives.

[@robertwalker1849]

Correct humans a still as primitive as we were 200,000 years ago we just know more and developed higher tech tools and social skills but scratch the surface and we are still cavemen on the physiological level, Just watch videos of the recent riots it shows quite clearly Modern Man is not far from the savage beast the cavemen or portrayed as..

[@craigpennington1251]

Pretty sure that todays society does more STUPID than any civilized people throughout time.

[@josemariatrueba4568]

Probably we are more intelligent because as many as 4% of our very many thousand of ancestors for the last 200 to 300 thousand years were Neardental.

[@tomjohn8733]

Kayleigh, love. Your understanding of Neanderthal way of life, makes perfect sense, as a kid i read every story about prehistoric times, like Clan of the cave bear and Valley of the house, etc, I could find in the library, these fictitious stories alway sparks the imagination, like the evolution of earth and all life…no doubt your a fun person to get in to a conversation at a party, like listening to scientist in McMurdo, Antarctica, talking about climate warming…

[@danbrownellfuzzy3010]

Another good one. Maybe we lived both groups together,as people, not knowing there was a biological difference, but simply noticing that there are Big people and Little people. The Neanderthal would be likely attracted to other Big people and vice versa.

[@franklinmallory2005]

yeah, is it really that different than it is now we have huge people, we have little folks and all the oddities in between my father was 6ft3 and his brothers were respectively 6ft5 and 6ft 7 and all big framed people my mother was 4 ft and change and i am 5ft 11 so that is a big span of people my fathers people were Normans my moms were Melungeon mix and trust me there were some goobers in both bloodlines that would scare the whiz out of you in a dark alley and some looked like one more lick to the head and they would be swinging from a tree somewhere lol. Just saying if they were here before they may show up again look at how many critters on this planet of different lineages look like crabs.

[@easterneurope451]

Human face recognition is something encoded into our brains, Neanderthal face even with human like forensic reconatruction bias has extremely different layout and proportions, you would spot these faces and find them disturbing every single time. Neanderthals had a very different social structure (females were fighting and hunting), we would not be ale to merge the tribes. It is not known if they had clothes, if so then these were only primitive capes, what we know is they were not able to create shoes (no needles ever found), if we lived together in a clan, humans would have to make clothes for neanderthals.

[@czarina7786]

I’ve dated a couple of Neanderthals. They are still here.

[@piccalillipit9211]

I live in the land of the BIG PEOPLE. Im a British 5'8" male, which when I was 18 was dead on the average height. I live in Bulgaria now where the 13-year-old girls are taller than me...

[@danbrownellfuzzy3010]

@@piccalillipit9211 we may evolve to where you can no longer date 5'6 girls because we will die out and they will form the new humans.

[@mandygershon8603]

Thanks for sharing all your knowledge. It sure saves me a lot of time and effort! So you take your time and enjoy your new place. I'd say you've more than earned it. :)

[@mikegarwood8680]

One misconception you missed was the notion that the Cro-Mags were/are Neandertals. Most certainly not. They're a hardcore punk band from NYC. Although unknowable, I tend to think they would enjoy Strauss' Waltzes (for no particular reason).

[@seadog75646]

Ms Kayleigh, you are beautiful & very funny. I have watched all your videos from start to present. I have learned so much more than I did in highschool or college back in the dark ages of the 60's. Please keep up the good work you are awesome.

[@thefurrybstard1964]

Personally I think that one of the biggest reasons we are still here and the Neanderthals are not is that by comparison we breed like rabbits, Neanderthals seemed to have a small and stable population. I have an idea that the interbreeding between our ancestors and Neanderthals was to cement trade, hunting and peace treaties, possibly to unite tribes. I believe such practices were common in our history too. I hope you enjoy your time here in the UK, and good luck in your new home.

[@thefurrybstard1964]

@@Bitchslapper316 We can communicate with written language now, but not back then. It's extremely likely that all the other forms of communication you mentioned were also part of the Neanderthal's communication toolset. When we look back at extinctions of other species in the fossil record, it's usually been a small thing that's tipped the balance against them. Now I'm not saying you're wrong, I'm not qualified to. But in my opinion, and it IS only an opinion, I don't think it was communication or the lack thereof that caused them to die out and us to survive. I personally think the interbreeding between us, and apparently the Denisovans too, was to secure trade, hunting and peace treaties. Such practices were commonplace within recorded history, and among more primitive human populations. That in and of itself strongly suggests Neanderthals had as little or as much difficulty as we do in communicating with new people. And finally, may I offer my respects to you on your well put together post.

[@thefurrybstard1964]

@@Bitchslapper316 True, but among more primitive peoples, the odds of less aggressive interactions were more likely, especially when one group is entering unfamiliar territories. You could, of course be right but considering the time our ancestors moved into the Neanderthal territories, and neither were stupid, they'd see that cooperation would be far better for both of them than warfare.

[@bradhartliep879]

I was involved in a motor vehicle accident when I was 23. I lost 7 degrees of curvature in my neck [ the cervical spine ] , as well as several other musculoskeletal injuries in my collar bone [ clavicle ], shoulder girdle, thoracic spine [ upper back ], lumbar spine [ low back ], hips / sacrum] and both knees - when I am in more than "usual" pain [ which is every day for the last 43 years and progressively getting worse ] , I walk with a stoop, a short shuffle, hips bent , back arched, rounded shoulders, and it's painful to raise my head to "level" - it's more comfortable / less painful to look at the ground a few feet in front of my feet, although, for the most part, I look "normal" and can, during film shoots, 'walk and act and run as if I'm athletic', although it's extremely painful .. if Alien Archealogists uncover my bones in 20,000 or 30,000 years , I would NOT be a good "standard" model to determine what pre-Homo-Cosmo-Sapien Homo-Sapiens looked like .. a single skeleton cannot be used to accurately determine the common traits of a species .. although the damage to my vertabrae [ chipped/rough edges ] and Arthritis would probably be noted ..

[@Allan_aka_RocKITEman]

*GREAT video, Kayleigh!*

[@randomonlinecat5478]

Juat discovered your channel. It's a gem 🙏 Neanderthals wore jewellery which means they were capable of aesthetic expression.

[@barrywalser2384]

Have you considered becoming a channel member or Patreon? Every little bit helps.

[@copperhorse4515]

Goodness. I loved this one. My distant relatives. We're not dumb! I am 3% Neanderthal. I'm so intrigued. I want to see my Neanderthal relatives, look into their eyes and faces! I want to see how they lived day to day! So many questions!

[@timothycrockett8329]

Kayleigh i started watching and subscribe because i thought you were truly beautiful but now i love the channel because im learning so much thank you.

[@johnbuchman4854]

Hey Kayleigh! Question: what does the DNA of the Australian aboriginies indicate regarding their position amongst the various genetic "mix and match" family trees? You mentioned sub-Saharan Africans and "the rest", but could you discuss what our current genealogical knowledge reveals? Thanks!

[@MrJento]

John, you just stuck your finger into one of the more contested topics in forensic genetics. It’s an anthill! Let’s see how Kayleigh handles this one! Fox standing bye to observe.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

I don't have too much knowledge about the generic make up..

[@MrJento]

Ok. I’ll point you both to sources. Start with the geo nomad channel. Follow his citations for more detail. Kayleigh you did a video on the hobbit. The DNA of the austral peoples is even more complex. They are called modern human to avoid racial blow back. But genetically they carry denosovian, a touch of erectus, and a ghost or two not yet identified. Of all the peoples of the earth they traveled the farthest, over the harshest conditions, evolving and interbreeding as they went. And in the end they survived. One seminar I listed to by a Swedish(?) scholar said that the aborigine is about the closest thing we have today to a new species among us. Not yet. But trending. Need to remember we are not the final page in the book, just the one open at the moment.

[@TheDanEdwards]

​@@MrJento "They are called modern human to avoid racial blow back. " - full stop. Australian natives (this is, those pre-European settlers of Australia) _are_ modern humans and for you to suggest that this is merely a political issue tells us you are looking for something other than actual science.

[@MrJento]

@@TheDanEdwards Not at all Dan. I don’t bestow humanity on anybody. He asked I answered. But there ARE those who do draw distinctions for other than purely scientific reasons. And to avoid this issue is to set these folks up to step into that quicksand. So we are either all human or none of us are human. That includes every last mother’s son in the genus. Now are your panties un bunched or shall we continue this chat elsewhere. Fox at your service.

[@AkAkAkNeil]

excellent video thanks, nice summing up! Now to go back and watch the ones you mentioned :-)

[@netgnostic1627]

Honestly, even if they were only capable of grunts, a whole sophisticated language could be constructed that way. Why would that imply low intelligence or some kind of regressed status? Besides that, consider the way people communicate via ASL. It's impossible for us NOT to communicate, and there doesn't seem to be a reason to imagine Neanderthals were different from us in that way.

[@MrJento]

Many species communicate. Horses for example. Our modern “horse whispers” broke the code to communicate. Dolphins and whales acoustically. That code is not broken yet. Neanderthal had a hypoid bone, just as we do. Necessary to modulate speech. Their DNA contains the same sequences that we deem necessary for initiating speech and language. They produced some complex art work on cave walls. They made any number of complex tools and decorations. They effectively passed that knowledge between generations for at least 250,000 years if nothing longer. Given all this and more, the burden of proof should be upon those who contend they could not speak, not those who think they could. Fox out.

[@Eidolon1andOnly]

Love your videos about hominims and hominids, and I'm not sure if it's me, but your audio seems off in this video, like your clip on mic wasn't picking up the audio, but the camera mic was.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

My external audio had an error and the file disappeared.. i didn't have the time to record ahain

[@Eidolon1andOnly]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh Makes sense. Glad you still uploaded ddespite the audio issue. Sometimes I have problems on my end so I just had to double check. Thanks for the video, and thanks for reply.

[@MrJento]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh I’m half deaf. I read lips fairly well. Just keep your chin up and I’m fine. Fox out.

[@cjmacq-vg8um]

i'm a neanderthal and i approved this message. now where's my cookie?!

[@danbrownellfuzzy3010]

We will all be living in caves and be greeters at Walmart before long

[@cjmacq-vg8um]

@@danbrownellfuzzy3010 ... i hope we're not all living in caves. where the hell i'm i supposed to go to escape all this madness? i guess i can always go to walmart and greet myself.

[@cjmacq-vg8um]

@@danbrownellfuzzy3010 ... ever notice walmart is like the "company store?" the only place walmart employees can afford to shop is walmart.

[@danbrownellfuzzy3010]

@@cjmacq-vg8um I'm voting for you. Run for something

[@MrJento]

@@cjmacq-vg8um Sorry no cookie for you. But I have a marrow bone. Would that do?

[@Dan.1]

Love the channel, thanks for another very informative and interesting video. :)

[@UberGringo]

If they were around for a couple hundred thousand years, it's hard to imagine what would have wiped them out. They obviously had crazy survival skills. Living side by side with dire wolves and all that megafauna and flourishing in spite of a comparatively limited array of weapons. What happened to them?

[@MrJento]

Perhaps Kayleigh will tackle this one. It’s slippery. If you have followed her videos you know that Neanderthal was highly adapted physically and culturally to the cold. And yet artefact dating and our understanding of climate cycles suggests that they persisted over at least three glaciation cycles of extreme cold to quite warm. Each cycle being on average 100,000 years. Sufficient time for evolutionary selective pressure to “adapt” a species from warm to cold and back again. Repeatedly. Now if you observe the climate graph showing temperature over the last 2 million years or so, Kayleigh had it in a video, you see gradual changes. On a time scale sufficient for adaption. Until about 60,000 years ago. Then a much more abrupt warming, then the younger dryas event with sudden cooling and the sudden warming again. The net result is most of the paleo mega fauna died off. Neanderthal died off. WE almost died off. Sudden change is a killer. Literally. Fox out.

[@UberGringo]

@@MrJento just discovered Kayleigh last week along with a couple others. Have some catching to do.

[@MrJento]

@@UberGringo Paleo history, aka “stones and bones” is a growth field at the moment. There are many new arrivals. Kayleigh was such not that long ago. Now there are still more. Some good such as she, some less so. And like most things quality is in the eye of the beholder. If you seek facts and logic then stay tuned. She has failed to dissappoint so far. That’s a logical double negative. She does a good job in my opinion. Stay up all night sometime and binge watch her videos. You’ll see. Fox out.

[@larrydaniels6532]

@ Vulpes vulpes Are you really that stupid, Homo Sapiens killed off Neanderthals. Doesn't our modern nature give you a clue?

[@timfriday9106]

I'm always just so floored by how gorgeous you are. I love your vids. watch'em every time I see them pop up in my feed/recommended. I esp love this video, so many recentish revelations about neanderthals are really starting to change minds about them. Thanks for helping to correct the record. =P =D

[@Girl123_45]

If Neanderthals were creating structured living quarters, this would in fact prove they had a concept of hygiene and modesty.

[@MrJento]

Your on the right track. I once taught Arctic survival. If you ass is tossed into the cold snow your first impulse is to get warm. A cave is a good shelter, but hard to heat. So you pile stuff up to make yourself a den. Something you can heat with a fire or your body heat if nothing else. If you have friends you’ll huddle together sharing that heat. Only after you are warm, and fed and comfy do you start to think about where to dig the latrine and freshening up. Modesty is at the very bottom of the list. Trust me on this one. Fox out.

[@Girl123_45]

@@MrJento But still on the list.

[@MrJento]

@@Girl123_45 Ok Bob. But low. Real low. After 48 hours in a snow cave at 50 below it’s all gonna be asses and elbows inside. And you won’t really care who’s ass or elbow it is as long as your’s is somewhat warm. Fox out.

[@pbohearn]

@@Girl123_45 and gets on the list after the most basic of needs are satisfied. Implying that they had achieved a certain stability and comfort to be concerned about how the cave smelled.

[@clay-tw5gc]

Being a former sailor, I did a study on maritime Neanderthals. They lived on coasts and islands and ate fish, clams, eels, sharks and dolphins just like we do today. Note their ribs. Their lungs were clearly larger than ours. I am confident that they could out free dive us today.

[@tjcarr70]

See no reason why Neanderthal’s did not exhibit regional racial traits like modern humans, maybe even passing on these traits to us.

[@edwardmanfredi121]

A very entertaining dissertation on a subject that can, at times, be quite boring. Your sense of humor is excellent in presenting this information.....also quite informative.

[@Kayessee]

I think Neanderthals had a large role to play in some of the megalithic structures that were built during the ice age.

[@mad555555]

Excellent video but what happened to the audio? It sounds like you forgot to turn the mic on. It's very echoey.

[@johnirby8847]

I always pictured Neanderthals as Fred Flintstone...a cheetah skin toga and a giant club...😂

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Hahahaha 😂

[@largemarge1603]

Stereotypes. And Boris and Natasha Badenov are all Russians... ... and all flying squirrels are named 'Rocky', every moose is 'Bullwinkle'!

[@HH-hd7nd]

12:00 Considering how modern humans treat each other way too often opens up the question if WE are really capable of feeling empathy - not the Neanderthals or animals. What I always found fascinating is the idea many people have of a clear lineage of one human species following each other while in reality for most of the time several different human species coexisted side by side - and not only Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans but other species as well, like the Denisovians, Homo Heidelbergensis and possibly even groups of Homo Erectus (which are ancestors of both Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens, but also co-existed with them: the oldest Neanderthal fossils are 430,000 years old, the oldest Homo Sapiens fossils date back 315,000 years, and the youngest Homo Erectus fossils are only 108,000 years old which means that Homo Erectus co-existed with Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens for more than 200,000 (300,000 in case of the Neanderthals) years. I really wonder why people have these strange ideas about the different human species.

[@diogeneslamplit6573]

Do you really wonder about it? Let me help you. Go take a trip to Georgia and read the Terms of Service posted on 4 Egyptian Granite slabs for continuing your use of "Grid 1980 ver 6,000yr Long March of Lies". The 1st principle engraved on those slabs is the only one you need to contemplate. The rest is all just "window dressing" intended to allay fears that the authors of the 1st are not evil vile miscreants who would ever murder the majority of Humanity.

[@larrydaniels6532]

@ HH They existed together until they didn't. The reason we are Homo Sapien in our genetic makeup is that we are the warrior class, we are the destroyers of all of the other branches. Superior in numbers, in savagery and in the ability to make weapons (tools designed to kill fellow humanoids), Homo Sapiens remain to this day, splendid examples of their ancestors.

[@thebulletproofpoet1744]

I'm part Filipino. So maybe have some Denisovan to go with the Neanderthal.

[@MrJento]

Almost surely. Or from “luzonensis” if they ever decide it’s a species. The Philippines are a fascinating place in the migrations and speciations of the pacific basin from Asia.

[@jasontroy4723]

Thanks for the upload . Awesome & educational content .

[@erikthalman]

Thank you so much for this video! You covered it wonderfully! For a deep dive into this, check out Kindred by Dr Rebecca Wragg-Sykes. Maybe you could interview her!

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

I already created a deep dive into their intelligence 😉 But i can always make more Neanderthal video's

[@MrJento]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh Judging by these comment sections, you have struck a cord with your investigations of Neanderthal. You have not exhausted the factual information on this subject much less the subjective speculation. A successful bard plays the tune her audience wants to hear, even if a bit repetitive. Dale Carnegie, in his public speaking course advised; “tell them, tell them again, then tell them that you told them”. It takes three times for most people to get what your actually saying. Thus you could double down on some videos and keep your faithful entertained while attracting the new ones. You have hit a couple home runs. Videos that were so very very successful for your subscriber numbers. I sense that your seeking such again. You will get some more. But ball games are won by consistent single base hits. Sustained consistent performance will prevail. Food for thought for you on your trip. Fox out.

[@pannobhasa]

It may be that one reason why Homo sapiens sapiens outcompeted the Neanderthals is that we developed a mutation involving the asymmetry of the neocortex of the brain. The Neanderthals, according to the hypothesis, had symmetrical function in the cortex, which was less conducive to speech, music appreciation, and other aspects of the asymmetry of the modern human brain.

[@fredyair1]

I would recommend to everyone the book : "Kindred: Neanderthal Life, Love, Death and Art " by Rebecca Wragg Sykes, a great resource with all the latest in Neanderthal research in just one volume.

[@lamchekyeow]

I totally agreed on the idea of Neanderthals and a lot of people have misconceptions because of the limited discoveries they had in the past. However , what I could also extrapolate from the data and information from the findings before is that they can be self-sustaining, and also (speculating) a different diet from the classified homo sapiens and their bone structure is significantly denser than us (not proven unless we could test it). It is very interesting though :3

[@floydriebe4755]

you can blab all you want, as far as i'm concerned. what's happening in your life is important to you, therefore, it's important to me. an apartment, eh? so happy for you! that said, Neanderthals were humans, so yes, they had the ability to create, talk, think and feel, like their cousins, H Sapiens. early modern humans would seem alien to us as well as Neanderthals. we couldn't understand their speech, either. but, there are universal signs and symbols that can be used to communicate, if not by language. and, if they were not capable of caring for children or sick or injured individuals, they couldn't have survived as long as they did. not primitive, ape-like creatures but a different lineage of humans. great video, Kayleigh! have fun in England and fixing up your new digs! when it's done, a tour, perhaps?

[@MrJento]

I second.

[@floydriebe4755]

@@MrJento thanks, Fox!

[@MrJento]

@@floydriebe4755 Don’t mention it, Floyd. Great minds think alike. Fox out.

[@brittanyhayes1043]

I have your opening songs! This is from Adrian von Zieger! I love his music!

[@mrsmith8578]

Great video. Neanderthals rock! Welcome to England

[@NullStaticVoid]

I think it is interesting that our family tree is not a direct linear progression, but a number of branches that intermingled. Neanderthal, Denisovan, modern human. All met and exchanged genetic material with each other.

[@r0cketplumber]

According to 23andme I'm about 2% Neanderthal, and I've done real rocket science so I hope I'm not TOO stupid...

[@largemarge1603]

Thirteen percent here. Know me.

[@cicad2007]

Thanks for the wonderful video on Neanderthals. Kayleigh, how about a video on the Red Deer Cave people? Longlin Cave?

[@barrywalser2384]

Kayleigh has made videos on the Red Deer Cave People and the Longlin Cave. Look for New Species of Archaic Humans and Homo Longi Dragon Man.

[@kevinmoore.7426]

Us Neanderthal descendants need reparations. Our women were bred with, the men were forced to hunt and skin hides. It was genocide, Kayleigh. The worst thing , they made fun of our looks

[@MrJento]

Some women find big....noses attractive. It’s not all bad. Except that thing with the short legs. Thats just not right.

[@zeist3064]

Reparations now! ✊🏻

[@MrJento]

@@zeist3064 Ok. So what sounds good. Fifty pounds of whale blubber? Some big marrow bones?

[@garyashby4844]

your fine up load when ever you want take it easy I enjoy your content thank you