How Mary Poppins Actually Explains Yondu’s Arrow! (Because Science w/ Kyle Hill)

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Yondu's arrow is one of the most awesome things in Guardians of the Galaxy, but could it be explained by another magical character? Kyle has the spoonful of sugar to help explain on this week's Because Science!
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Because Science every Thursday.
Artist: Andrew Bowser
Learn more:
• YAKA ARROW: bit.ly/2qXQIqF
• ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE PRESSURE: nerdi.st/2dzKVUP
• ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH: nerdi.st/2dnWBcO
• CALCULATION: bit.ly/2rMUeoM

[@Nerdist]

*The "Kyle is wrong!" FAQ* 1. To everyone commenting on my rant at the end, here is *the official word from James Gunn himself*, who graciously shared this video! "Side note on the yaka arrow: the whistle sound is picked up by the headpiece and is transmitted wirelessly to the arrow." twitter.com/JamesGunn/status/872913742048055297 "2nd side note on the yaka arrow in explanation of an unnamed spoiler: the headpieces are fairly common/simple; the arrow is incredibly rare." twitter.com/JamesGunn/status/872914127634579456 2. The thrust to let Yondu descend is not exactly 800N, or else he wouldn't descend. However, because it has to be close to his weight (he descends slowly), we are probably underestimating his mass, and we are probably underestimating the thrust of the arrow (it can go really, really fast but that would be hard to determine directly), I chose this value for simplicity's sake. I don't believe it would change substantially. 3. My graphene should be hexagonal, and therefore the carbon atoms should only have 3 bonds, not 4. 4. Yondu was a Kree slave in the MCU, but he isn't Kree. -- KH

[@ephemeralmiracles]

Nerdist Well done, great job! 🤓👍👏👏⬆️😜

[@Seeriosa]

the only thing i would say would be that the one mm width of the tip seems far too large for an arrow made with spooky space magic tech or whatever they use. but really that just evens out the other oversimplifications too, so nbd really inniit

[@idunbeezasmart1]

Couldn't you science the speed of the arrow by how long it takes to pass through all those soldiers? I mean the overhead shot. You have a specific amount of time from the moment the overhead shot begins and ends, you can assume the height of the soldiers and based on their height, come pretty close to determining the distance between them. With the amount of time the arrow takes to perform the shot and the distance it travels, you should be able to figure out how fast it is going, imo.

[@robinmaibals1193]

I believe the whistle is mainly to help keep it on it's target like how a laser can help guide missiles. It's far to difficult for you to keep track of something that moves that fast, but it is far easier to target something the human eyes can react to. Basically, the arrow is doing a 3D connect the dots. Hard to judge what that arrow is capable of piercing. We don't know the maximum F it can generate. It may have a limiter, sort of like cruise control on a car. I'm guessing the intensity of the whistle determines what the cruise control can switch to. I also believe Yondu uses a wireless signal to communicate with the arrow, so that the arrow is not limited by things like walls that could deflect or dampen the sound. The metals used could be one of many fictional alloys like Vibranium or Adamantium. I'm pretty sure the arrow tip is not heated up. There's just a right of light that emits from where the arrow shaft and the tip connects. We've seen slow objects pierce hard surfaces before like when Magneto pierced through Sebastion Shaw's skull in X-Men: First Class despite how slow it moved. If it was just transmitting a simple command like move to (x, y, z) at this speed, then the throughput of the data should be so small that great distances wouldn't make a huge difference on latency. He is not waiting for one target to be struck before the next target is given, so this can make up for the possible lag caused during data transfer.

[@ThanhNguyen-te8wc]

Nerdist I

[@acerumble]

Would pay all the moneys if we could now only have Emily Blunt to say, "I'm Yondu, Y'all!" in her new Mary Poppins film.

[@achimdemus-holzhaeuser1233]

Late to the show as always.. but I think it would be cooler having her whistle for her Umbrella.

[@corpralcobra420]

unless the force used to carry Yondu wasn't the arrows max force. And maybe the arrow isn't controlled only through sonic waves but maybe a translation from the brain through the fin on his head, and the whistles just help him in the same way as verbalising a spell in the harry potter universe.

[@khemdino9392]

That makes alot more sense lol

[@Miao...]

I'd never thought about it that way but that's actually a really good theory!

[@kanchide]

I don't think the arrow is controlled by sound, but by radiowaves from his fin-antenna. If the controls are connected to the musical centres of Yondu's brain, then whistling is not only the method of control, but also a safety to make sure the arrow doesn't fly of everytime he thinks of a song.

[@th0rg0d]

Doesn't the fin control the arrow? I'm guessing that the sound just has to reach the fin, and then the fin communicates the direction changes to the arrow.

[@TwistedTB0ne]

th0rg0d That's what I was going to suggest too.

[@eliasschmidt4112]

I would have said, that the fin is kind of an antenna that intensifies the soundwaves

[@rav1357]

I was just about to write that. that means that the distance is much bigger, perhaps as big as military drones

[@Lcavila94]

That's my assumption

[@Lcavila94]

sc2umsmaker Because the soundwaves resonate in his skull and the fin translates it to a flight pattern

[@vizthex]

Careful with that arrow Thor, we need you for Infinity Wars

[@Nerdist]

How does Mantis read your emotions? NEW mini-episode over on my Insta (instagram.com/sci_phile/)! If enough of you go over there and follow me (I MUST CRUSH MY RIVAL PHIL), *I'll release the full Wonder Woman bloopers from last week.* Thanks for watching! -- KH

[@blackbeltgamer98fire-spitt96]

Nerdist could you do the info on how tough Wonder Woman's braces and shield have to be in order to withstand the various forms of attacks they are able to?

[@user-hs4vh7cz1n]

your not alone I can't whistle either m8

[@alexanerose4820]

Don't worry Kyle, I could whistle for years until I started practicing Zartans whistle tune from the first G.I Joe. Ever since I could whistle any tune with little effort. Give it a try :D

[@calebmayfield3878]

Please do MORE DC VIDEOS

[@lugzx]

Hey Kyle, is it possible that it moves not based on the sound it hears but the interpretation of the sound it hears by that mohawk device? It would also make it pretty secure that way because then only he would know what command to give and it would effectively extend the range it could travel based on what the signal strength being used by that device. It would also make more sense to use this method because after all space affects sound.

[@ramsle00]

the problem i see here is that we don't know the MAXIMUM thrust that the yaka arrow can reach, so it could still theoretically get through all of the materials he said it can't

[@scootergrant8683]

Yes. As Yondu, when being Mary Poppins y'all, is slowed by the Yaka arrow this was an assumption as its max thrust. Yondu was likely limiting the thrust so it could take him. However it is the only way I think that any tangible figures could be found. Also this was "an estimation."

[@newtonartemisfidoscamander6905]

I'm Mary Poppins y'all!

[@MTGPlayer10]

I lol'd in the theater when he said that.

[@davidk1308]

I think everyone did tbh

[@Ermac98]

Newton Artemis Fido Scamander This is the best line of the "Guardians of the Glaxy" movies.

[@newtonartemisfidoscamander6905]

Hell yeah, he's cool!

[@xstrings7551]

Absolutely

[@ferhat4425]

"You look like Marry Poppins" "Is he cool?" "Yeah" "I'm Marry Poppins y'all!"

[@ravithejon2466]

archante no it’s hell yeah he’s cool

[@BestKCL]

"Hell yeah he's cool."

[@chris_-kk7lo]

I just wanted to say something "I'm Marry Poppins y'all!!" #yondiagramm

[@Nerdist]

Mary Poppins IS pretty cool -- KH

[@chris_-kk7lo]

Nerdist Well, she is my favourite character in Vol.2

[@lumifoster]

chris2000_0 supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

[@grandarkfang_1482]

Does this make Mary Poppins a Guardian of the Galaxy?

[@superstudiosincpaul1268]

No no it doesn’t 🤦🏻‍♂️

[@guy_does_nothing_productive]

*UNEXPECTED KATANA*

[@erbgorre]

not the same tho :/

[@Nerdist]

Got to mix it up even now and then -- KH

[@erbgorre]

future episode unforseen wakizashi confirmed :D

[@lonelyshpee7873]

Nerdist Where are the good old Star Wars episodes? *SURPRISE LIGHTSABER!!* Ok, I'm sorry. No need to be an asshole fan.

[@KJulian21]

Does the katana have your back? Can it trap the souls of it's victims?

[@Chad-Dion]

This stuff always brightens my day..

[@Nerdist]

Very nice of you to say, thanks Chad! -- KH

[@tempestzeta11]

you control the arrow with your heart and not your brain

[@Nerdist]

A metaphor for the emotional centers of the brain, yeah, your heart. -- KH

[@kungfuman82]

sc2umsmaker A MOOD MOHAWK!

[@RexusprimeIX]

+kungfuman82 Moodhawk

[@Guernicaman]

Also the prototype fin increased his power, so we need to take that into account.

[@poutineausyropderable7108]

Well, if you control an arrow with your heart, you'll get it in the knee.

[@lukasperuzovic1429]

Maybe the head fin is for the increased reaction times, maybe its what actually controlling the arrow and the whistling is a type of focus?

[@sydssolanumsamsys]

Like vocalizing in Harry potter, not strictly necasery it just helps them focus you're right. I don't know how to spell "vocalizing" or "necasery"

[@parisg155]

I think you are right!

[@thickmclargehuge4448]

aww man, you missed a perfect chance to do the 'after credit' scene reference but w/ Kyle trying to whistle and have the Arrow fly off-screen on to have the camera whip around to see Dan, screaming in pain, arrow in his shoulder.

[@bitemyshinymetalass7393]

or knee...

[@Janelou42]

Beat me to it xD

[@imkluu]

I love this show. The science is awesome, your personality really carries a normally difficult subject to a level of understanding that is comprehensiable for even an idiot like me, and the animations are really good and humorous.

[@grimrenaissance]

Who would win in a "stare" fight: Cyclops or Superman?

[@gabrielemagnabosco8926]

cyclops maybe... Superman after a while will need to recharge near the sun, while cyclops isn't using his energy, hie eyes merely are a portal to a different dimension

[@oppongroyalty9399]

Gabriele Magnabosco what you said

[@asianniga]

cyclops shoots out concussive force not laser. so super mans laser would go right through the concussive force and kill cyclops.

[@DanteAtropos]

Asianniga Cyclops beams are heatless concussive forces, that means it is a form of energy, as such it has mass. Lasers are electromagnetic radation, which contains photons in an excited state. Photons have realtive mass. When two objects of equal mass traveling at the same speed hit each other they scatter to opposing sides. When one object of greater mass hits one of lesser mass then the momentum of the greater object is transferred to the lesser mass object. With this in mind if Supermans lasers are equal to the force emitted by Cyclops beams from a different dimension then both Superman and Cyclops would be thrown back. If Either one is less than the other the momentum of the greater would be transferred to the lesser blowing back the weaker one. This can be easily demonstrated with those swinging ballbearings.

[@unwarranteddumbassery9263]

But superman is heat vision not laser, in the dark knight returns he made a neo nazi's gun glowing hot, but idk

[@ZethKeeper]

New hashtag: #UnexpectedKatana!

[@bhb2024]

Keeper 😁

[@greenman5255]

False advertising! I was expecting *Mary Poppins* to be the one explaining this!

[@paramortalics]

If you squint a bit you could pretend she is

[@greenman5255]

Oh...you're right...thanks!

[@dannovarius]

Forget about Yondu's whistling and arrow control. I'm just impressed with his upper body strength when he is holding the arrow and letting it slow his fall. How strong does your grip have to be for you to be able to hold on to a thin vertical twig like that? And he is also keeping his arm bent while holding it, far off centre! Wow!

[@ColdIronCoyote]

You forgot about the Fin! That's part of the arrow control as well.

[@pokemonandmanymore8025]

ColdIronCoyote he uses his heart boi

[@vdondada]

First time here on your channel. This is dope. Don't know how I got to this side of KZbin but glad I did - am learning hahaha Love it !!

[@Quigibo5]

Kyle the sound does not control the arrow, the sound waves are picked up by the fin on his head and that interprets the sound, relaying that interpretation to the arrow. Therefore, the arrow has a much larger distance than you figured.

[@Nerdist]

Everyone always concerned more about my random thoughts at the end than the episodes themselves! -- KH

[@acerumble]

Could it instead be possible that the fin provides kinetic energy to the arrow in some science-fiction way, rather than merely transmitting directional signals? Would explain why it never loses momentum and also does not work without the fin even within Kyle's estimated range, leaving the whistling itself still as the control mechanism.

[@RessG]

Volt Tesla Guess that's explain why Kyle can control the arrow even though he can't whistle correctly like Yandu lmao.

[@Mj783980]

+Nerdist I think everyone is more concerned about areas where you could potentially be scientifically wrong, partly because the name of the show "Because Science", and also because challenging an authority, even one on information, publicly, and being right inflates people's sense of self-worth.

[@CorvidaeMagician]

darn it i just commented basically the same thing. didn't see yours. sorry.

[@jonathanblackwell42]

Thanks "Because Science" team, this one was fun!

[@DarkClaw0912]

Isn't his control of the arrow somehow tied to the fin on his head. He wasn't able to use the arrow to escape the ravagers until baby groom had retrieved it. That "wireless" connection would effect the range of the arrow. He seemed to be able to use the closed circuit security system at one point of that sequence to send the arrow all over the ship.

[@Project_Worm]

Logan West Maybe the fin is some sort of resonator, his wistles send signals to his fin and the fin tells the arrow what to do? That could drastically improve his range, but I'm assuming it would also effect the reaction of the arrow to his whistles as well...

[@breakingice3268]

Kyle, I have a question that you should be very capable of answering. I'm curious. What if Quicksilver (The one from X-Men not Avengers) slowed down his perception of time and caught a bullet fired right out of someone's gun with his two fingers BUT then took that same bullet and put it behind the shooter's head? Would the bullet just stop and fall after Quicksilver let go of it with his fingers behind the shooter's head because he completely reversed the direction in which it was traveling? Or perhaps it would shoot back because of how fast he moved it behind the shooter's head and let it go? Or would it continue to just travel in the direction it was initially intended to as most people think it would and kill the shooter? This question has been bugging me for a long time and I was wondering if you (or anyone in the comments who knows about this kind of stuff) could answer it for me.

[@XTOXICToxenx]

Thanks for making my head hurt thinking about this...

[@Astro939]

BreakingICE when he catches the bullet, he cancels all of the momentum that the bullet has. so the bullet would fly in whichever direction he wants it to fly in when letting go. if he gives it a forward shove (with sufficient force to overcome his own backwards momentum), then it would go forward. if he lets it go perfectly while standing still, then it would fall to the ground. if he sort of pulls back on it while letting go, it would fly backwards. for all intents and purposes, it would be the same situation like if, say, your friend throws a tennis ball at you, you grab it and then run behind him. where the tennis ball goes is entirely dependent on what you do at that point edit: also, he wouldn't be able to catch the bullet unless he had superhuman strength and insanely durable skin. regardless of his perception of time, it's still a flying bullet that carries insane amounts of kinetic energy so if he tried to grab it, it would just rip through his fingers

[@breakingice3268]

Musculus Sternocleidomastoideus wow thanks. That's pretty dang cool lol

[@loodlebop]

BreakingICE it would stop, if I catch a tennis ball then let it go it doesn't shoot off again Edit: nevermind that was literally already said

[@loganwilliams7681]

"But is there a penatration. ooh. problem" 😂😂

[@makemake5502]

5:24 penetration might be a problem now wink wink nudge nudge

[@MihajloLjubenovic90]

Say no more, say no more.

[@Supermynci9000]

"We do not speak of this." You can see it in his eyes.

[@bethanyplatt7727]

I thought the same thing. Lol

[@andrewnewman5945]

I heard this line exactly when I read this comment.

[@jojobigcoat]

I would love an episode that explains just how far carbon can go. That meaning, what is the limit that a carbon based organism can get to when it comes to carbon made materials and natural weapons of said being. I mean carbon makes up quite a bit of things in the universe ranging from stars, to diamonds, to all creatures on earth, including microorganisms and plant life. I don't know what pop culture subject you may base the episode on, but I'd love to see it!

[@medleystudios72]

I believe the whistling is the interface with the fin, which in turn transmits the commands to the arrows. So the range isn't dependant on the sound wavelength but the limitations of whatever the fin transmits via.

[@DK-us2od]

He's Kyle Hill y'all!

[@ArlaBee]

had fun on this one :) YT algorithms works fine for you

[@brycecollins7550]

I used to be a Nerd like You until I took an Yaka arrow to the knee. XD

[@otis7886]

If guards in Skyrim were in guardians

[@JaelinBezel]

AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA!!! xD

[@Lucid4286]

I used to be an adventurer like you but then I took an arrow to the knee, just ask any of my fellow guards they'll tell you that it's true that I took an arrow to the knee

[@lanacherie184]

Yondu is my fav character in the films. So i highly enjoyed this ! Great video :)

[@newtonartemisfidoscamander6905]

#Yondiagramm

[@Nerdist]

BRING IT TO YOUR PHYSICS CLASSES -- KH

[@newtonartemisfidoscamander6905]

Of course!

[@Random_Canadian00001]

What about BIOLOGY CLASS & CHEMISTRY CLASS? ... can figure out a pill to help you get that thing up.

[@powerofanime1]

As always, it was incredibly entertaining, sciency goodness! Thank you for doing this show!

[@fresh-fish]

Sorry, but that katana was expected.

[@galiciaart]

you lieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

[@ShellyWolfgirl]

interesting thing I noticed, as far as distance limit goes, when he was zipping that arrow all over the ravager ship was that when he was guiding through further areas of the ship he clearly was estimating where the ravagers would be, using the security video, which would probably overcome the lag a bit (maybe). just an observation.

[@qasimplays2531]

Captain America's sheild vs Yondu's Arrow

[@EpicPinkCreeper]

Qasim 1478 he said it couldn't pierce really strong steel and the shield is stronger than steel.

[@KhanGarth]

Only Galaxy breakers can destroy or poke a hole in Cap's shield, at least in the comics, as for the MCU it's very likely Thanos will break it but he'll be the only one

[@ramsle00]

EpicPinkCreeper he didn't calculate where the arrows thrust tops out, even still we don't have the data to make an assumption about the tensile strength of vibranium

[@kingchopper1562]

Garth Palmer one word..... maestro

[@robinthrush9672]

Comic or movie shield? Movie shield is just vibranium, comic shield is true adamantium.

[@polysci006]

Sound might appear to control the arrow, but if that's the case, then it could be controlled without the fin. What's likely happening is the fin converts the user's input and then broadcasts it via radio waves or something that functions in a similar manner, extending the range and increasing the communication delay from the speed of sound to the speed of light. He didn't have to whistle to slow his decent, so the whistling may just be one of Yondu's quirks, and the user's input can be simply thought rather than audible instruction.

[@isacnordstrom230]

Is it possible for the flashs rapid breathing to make up for the damage he should do to his surrounding areas? At least most of it

[@Eli-wu5jm]

I'm pretty sure it's *shear* strength that plays a more significant role in measuring how much a material can withstand being cut or pierced.

[@aleksiha]

"I'M MARY POPPINS Y'ALL! !"" - Yondo 2017

[@SciFiFan2012]

If science was taught using superhero/pop culture sci-fi, etc as examples, I think a whole lot of kids would enjoy, and possibly retain a lot more than I did back in school. (I was actually expecting a vid on Mary Poppins and her magic lol)

[@plant3341]

"you look kinda like Mary Poppins!" "Is he cool?" "He's very cool" "I'M MARY POPPINS Y'ALL" -Starlord to Yondu

[@TigerDan04]

"Yondu got 'ma paw!" Thanks, Kyle!!!

[@anteodak2965]

But isnt the thrust needed to lift yondu minimal thrust? with that in mind maybe the actual max velocity is much higher, therefore the pressure...if thats how it works

[@anteodak2965]

Josef Hřebec yeah i get it because tbh its the only data we can get out of the movies that we can actually use in an equasion...

[@Nerdist]

Precisely Josef -- KH

[@CBenGood]

I think the crest on his head is a transmitter.... which can lengthen the transmitting range by a bit and transmitting time as well.

[@runthejudes]

"UNEXPECTED KATANA" is on par with "I'm Mary Poppins, y'all". Never change, Kyle. Never change.

[@chrishubbard64]

The best part is, thats the lowball estimate, because for all we know, his arrow could have also supported another couple people, or been used to not just let him drift to ground, but even fly. There is no telling just how much pressure it could potentially create, and thats assuming the tip isnt some sort of plasma/lightsaberish future cutting surface which throws all the measurements for its penetrating power out the window.

[@ig8890]

there is another scene in GOTG Vol.2 where Yondu makes his Arrow go so fast that it catches on fire by Airfriction when he tries to kill Taserface. Just saying

[@ravithejon2466]

IG 88 that was actually a command yondu used to make it catch fire

[@Damocles54]

idk why but that because science cassette at the end made me happy lol

[@youtubevoice1050]

Nice. One square mm is quite dull for an arrow tip though ; )

[@tefoca]

I would've guessed at least 0.1 square mm, making it 10x stronger than the calculated one.

[@Bowfella]

Stefano Torres Nah smaller than that. We are talking about a futuristic incredibly rare alien device which has the only purpose of piercing hard objects. For all we know the Point could be as small as 0.001mm.

[@ThallanarRabidtooth]

Unless they made a material (cuz we don't know of any natural organic, Earthly or otherwise, material that exists) that is both extremely rigid (to avoid crumpling the tip on impact) but is also extremely flexible (so that the tip doesn't chip on impact) then such a fine point wouldn't be effective. The tip being so hair thin would likely just bend because it has no structure. If the material is very dense and hard, it wouldn't bend, but it being so thin means pressure put on it greater than the physical bonds can keep it together, would form a crack, and simply chip or break the tip.

[@mada4929]

when a line from a movie becomes so popular, a youtube video is created dedicated to that line

[@vidlink]

Hold on, I thought the Arrow was controlled through a combination of some form of thought control, hence Yondu's red mechanical Mohawk thing on his head and sound control.

[@ItsZorroDood]

He controlls the arrow with his heart, man.

[@davidk1308]

Yeah, didn't you know that vidlink? Or should I say.. Piglink. Up top! (Sorry, but yeah, that makes sense, I think it could be powered by an extremely efficient battery/capacitor that superheats the tip, and propels it using air, I don't think it'd be very heavy, so a little force would go a long way)

[@vidlink]

David K: Apreciate the your reply but why the name calling?

[@davidk1308]

vidlink Sorry, it was a jacksfilms joke, I Didn't mean to offend you. :/

[@vidlink]

David K: Thank you and apology accepted.

[@Midnight-Starfish]

Something I think you should do for a future episode is a topic I'm really interested in: how can a lightsaber deflect a shot from a blaster if they are technically made of the same thing?

[@syndeth]

Kyle, you have to control the acoustic resonance with your tongue. Your lips just provide a compression point.

[@brianwilliszw]

your math was giving me a headache but your presentation is all levels of awesome dude kept on watching till the end! lol

[@KhanGarth]

Kyle you look more like Tazerface than Yondu. That's probably why you can't whistle.

[@liaminator4950]

I think you mean TAY-ZAR FAEYSS.

[@Mj783980]

+Nerdist What if the mohawk like device is actually what's "listening" to the sound of his whistle and the arrows itself receives amplified signals from the mohawk so it's movement isn't limited by the distance away from the user, because it isn't directly depending on the sound from the user.

[@kevindemeritt]

in the world of Pokemon Pokeballs exert a lot of force sucking the Pokemon inside the Pokeball. but what would happen if a Pokemon swallowed a Pokeball right before the Pokeball started to try to suck the Pokémon in. I have a feeling it be really gross but what exactly would happen?

[@E4439Qv5]

Whiscash once swallowed a Master Ball in the anime. It wasn't caught.

[@SafielLion]

I spit out my coffee at the "UNEXPECTED KATANA!!!" XD

[@AstroRayGun]

wrong! sound does not control the arrow! his heart does! and if interstellar has taught us anything it's that love can span entire universes. #Debunk

[@Thememester439]

jon doe Yondu Yondies.

[@timbcarlson]

Colonel Abraham Reider So are you saying that Thor's hammer is controlled by love?

[@davidhough7070]

Actually, he's right... remember he says that in Volume 2...

[@jordanmanuel5828]

the fin probably takes in the audio and transfers it to a signal for the arrow so it doesnt have to process what the sound means or have to have that distance for sound only

[@SaszaDerRoyt]

Your graphene sketch shows 4 bonds per carbon atom, whereas there are actually 3 which give it a repeated hexagonal structure.

[@Nerdist]

Wow, didn't even think about that when I drew it. Thanks nerd! -- KH

[@SaszaDerRoyt]

Sorry for nitpicking, if that's how it came across.

[@KaRmaTheSchemer]

Cheers mate

[@apostle333]

LOL "Yondu got ma palm!"...I don't usually get the stigmata until around easter!

[@jarrettbauer3625]

you didn't factor the speed of the arrow, if the speed of the arrow is high it will increase the amount of force on impact of the arrow

[@LRC2322]

I'm taking physics now and his videos make so much sense.

[@horizon1131]

Well Kyle first off I would like to say i love Because Science and your work is great. However you mention that the only armor people wear is leather and while in GotG2 that might seem true in the first movie all the bag guy henchman seemed to wear some form of body armor, with face masks and everything. Also the arrow pierces the hull of an alien ship that we see can fly in both atmosphere and deep space. Now I don't know how tough these things are but wouldn't you need some some form of effective armor on a combat spacecraft and also due to the fact that these are a more scientifically advanced species could not there body armor also be more advanced then earth made armor? Also in GotG2 the arrow is accelerated with such force that the air around it combusts into flame before exploding a ship which also does not destroy the arrow. Would not the speed used it that scene require even more force? The last question I would ask is that in the second movie the arrow passes through all these objects with no discernible loss of momentum, Would that not equal an even greater force requirement to maintain that speed?

[@marvin12608]

Well we can always argue that the way to control the arrow is by the thing he puts in the head and the way it gives the command to it is by the song. Witch it gets translated on the thing on his head and sends it over to the arrow. Since there was that part in the movie when he loses that part and needs to get a new one to be able to control the arrow again

[@zxendarko]

Im marry poppins yall

[@inactiveaccount6095]

Jackie Smith What?

[@inactiveaccount6095]

Jackie Smith Again, What?

[@MrJarryd1988]

havent even watched the whole vid yet but giving it a thumbs up for the opening statement alone. looking forward to the rest ;)

[@CyberSlaYerAka-NinjaThug]

"I'm Marry Poppins y'all!"

[@andrewl3386]

I would pay REAL money to see Kyle Hill and Mat Pat team up.

[@mannarot4398]

#Yondiagram

[@loganschroder6698]

How to whistle: Whistling without the use of an artificial whistle is achieved by creating a small opening with one's lips and then blowing or sucking air through the hole. The air is moderated by the lips, curled tongue, teeth or fingers (placed over the mouth) to create turbulence, and the curled tongue acts as a resonant chamber to enhance the resulting sound by acting as a type of Helmholtz resonator. Pucker whistling is the most common form in much Western music. Typically, the tongue tip is lowered, often placed behind the lower teeth, and pitch altered by varying the position of the tongue. In particular, the point at which the tongue body approximates the palate varies from near the uvula (for low notes) to near the alveolar ridge (for high notes). Although varying the degree of pucker will change the pitch of a pucker whistle, expert pucker whistlers will generally only make small variations to the degree of pucker, due to its tendency to affect purity of tone. Pucker whistling can be done by either only blowing out or blowing in and out alternately. In the 'only blow out' method, a consistent tone is achieved, but a negligible pause has to be taken to breathe in. In the alternating method there is no problem of breathlessness or interruption as breath is taken when one whistles breathing in, but a disadvantage is that many times, the consistency of tone is not maintained, and it fluctuates. There you go. (Because whistling) #yondiagramm

[@zerodeaths6710]

I'm mary poppins y'all

[@themoonsevilsister1561]

God that actor's got a great voice. "Whach'u doin' boyh?!"

[@Zathren]

God damn, I clicked so freaking fast.

[@michajuszkiewicz8520]

Try going full science with learning how to whistle ;-) What makes a whistle audible? The high enough pressure of air passing through the tiny hole between your lips, making it move with appropriate speed. With that realized, it's just a simple trick of finding the right... diameter ;-) There are also such details as how your lips should be flexed to vibrate when air passes between them (that's why whistling with your tongue sounds so airy and quiet) and your tongue close to your palate to further increase the air pressure and velocity. With that you can't fail because science :-D Thanks so much for the great show!!

[@m0narkh]

#yondiagram is #kylarious

[@m0narkh]

#cringe comments

[@Nerdist]

I'm fine with it -- KH

[@AbjectPermanence]

Thanks for the time code on the spoiler. I still haven't gotten around to seeing the sequel yet.

[@skalachyftw5834]

#yondiagram

[@benjamincarlson5044]

#yondiagram

[@TheRealMythril]

1mm2 is huge compared to an sharp arrow tip, it only really complus to blunter arrows. The V shape tips are far smaller than commercially available round tips, so the overall pressure should technically be higher.

[@alejandrog.5926]

I only come here for his silly humor and crappy drawings... Cool videos though!

[@Nerdist]

I'm fine with it. And they are pretty crappy -- KH

[@bukashi_sensei9613]

wow kyle hill commented on your post you are now on a new level of greatness

[@theobsidianninja4957]

I'm with you. I have only been able to truly whistle once and it was during this video. I can't replicate it.

[@edwardjones1536]

Kyle has officially lost it.

[@Nerdist]

Lost it awhile ago -- KH

[@marcopohl4875]

he surely lost something this episode...

[@meloD30]

Marco Pohl Looks like he lost the sword *FREE KATANA!*

[@saturiankhazard]

About the sound distance: THAT'S WHAT THE CONTROLLER ON HIS HEAD IS FOR! The vibration is an information, and so it can be sent to the arrow's microprocessor which then reproduces the vibration in the arrow it self... Pretty logical to me :p

[@pokefanmelody]

But how do we know he was using full force to support his weight? It could easily have much more potential, but was limited by Yondu so he could descend.

[@elijahortega9603]

"UNEXPECTED KATANAAA!!!" Caught me off guard😂

[@Dxniel_702]

You have such a great imagination part of why I love your channel 😄

[@jeffreybower4579]

I'd like to see the science behind the Dark Aster versus the Nova Corp Ships when they linked up to hold Ronin's ship at bay. I wonder if those little ships had more then enough power needed to push the Aster back. I have a feeling that the amount of force exerted over the entire surface of the Dark Aster, by the nova corp, was more then what the Dark Aster engines produced.

[@xandranicholai7301]

"You think when I fly this arrow I use my head, boy?!"

[@prazedplatoon6502]

I do agree, the arrows are one of the coolest weapons ive seen in my 20 years

[@Ruchunteur]

Regarding the sound thing at the end. To control the arrow youndu have some kind of device on his head right ? No device, no controling the arrow. So you could assume that the arrow doesn't "hear" youndu. The device on his head does. And then the device can relay the information so the arrow. I don't know if radio wave are faster than sound or not but it might have a better range than you though.

[@DOHC54]

Don't feel bad about not being able to whistle, Kyle. I can't either. Overall, this is a good explanation! One thing I was thinking is that the arrow may not even have been at full thrust when Yondu was using it to slow his descent. It has been depicted moving at varying speeds after all.

[@MisterRorschach90]

There are so many things that can be done with this technology. For instance what other metal has weird sound properties? Vibranium. I theorize that an alloy or composite material of those two materials would create some insane stuff. Like a much, much more powerful vision style body. The yaka arrow itself could be modified to utilize nanotech and morph it’s shape mid air to change directions rather than whistling. Like the vibration frequencies needed to move it and change its direction or momentum could be done by a morphing shape. The air blowing through and around it would do what the whistling does. It’s the perfect weapon.

[@theiviaster2]

I like how active you are in the comments! Thank you! :)