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Memory Mappers on the NES cartridge allows us to store huge amounts of graphics data compared to early NROM games. However, having the memory on the cart doesn't help much when the NES can only access 512 graphics tiles at a time.
To get around this limitation, we swap out what is in NES video card (PPU) sees on the fly, based on the player actions. In this video you can see the video memory "window" starts with the "small" version of the player, then swaps out the "big" version when the player grows. The big version is too big to fit all the move sets into memory at the same time, so those also swap out when the player goes down the pipe to an alternate set.