What is Fool's Gold?

[@Joey_Hughes]

0:13 "As a kid, I can sometimes remember looking through dirt." What a life.

[@Wockes]

and eating the dirt

[@dinosoarskill17]

I think we all did, some people just observe more than others.

[@dakshtheidiot]

Y’know playground gravel? It is prime spot for fossils!

[@johncenaplayingstarcraft9580]

i found smelly chocolate :)

[@weebyes2951]

when i was a kid i never played outside lol

[@elbarto8282]

So you’re telling me that the perfect cube in the stone was natural? Holy rock

[@parishna4882]

You should see how atoms are arranged.. It's like GOD said so. ahhahaha... god... I pmsl

[@Karldin83]

Have one too. Not as nice tho. Mine has slightly serrated sides, but it looks nice

[@sdoaiza]

bismuth is crazy too

[@akbarrmd7714]

"Perfectly balanced. Like all things should be"

[@FluffyFractalshard]

sacred geometry is everywhere in nature

[@orbitalpotato9940]

Prospector: I have found gold Pyrite: *YOU FOOL, YOU'VE FALLEN FOR ONE OF THE MOST CLASSIC BLUNDERS*

[@Paradox_Edge]

YOU ABSOLUTE BUFFOON! YOU MADLAD! YOU PEN ULTIMATUM OF IDIOCY! 'TIS FAKE GOLD FELLOW PROSPECTORS!!!

[@Vladimir_Kv]

It was called "Fool's gold" not only because prospectors were finding it, but because alchemists used it along with gold plating to prove their "philosopher stone" hoax. They were showing this to the uneducated nobles and were showered in real gold (aka money) to promote their "research".

[@kasai7272]

INCONCEIVABLE

[@ocnarf40]

*THUNDER CROSS SPLIT ATTACK*

[@crewcut]

YOU THOUGHT IT WAS GOLD, BUT IT WAS ME! PYO!

[@aurum606]

"I carefully _shot it with a blowtorch_ " Mmm, such a careful action

[@xXGamingFactorXx]

"Did you put your name in the Goblet, Harry?" He asked calmly

[@crazyconstellations2532]

The movie: *inaudible yelling*

[@peasandmashedpotatoes6246]

hahah i guess it’s better than haphazardly using a blowtorch ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@naveednawwaf]

Call of Duty 'Care' Package that is dropped from the sky into the ground.

[@thatbiachecalledLoue]

me when i smack my sisters head:

[@video99couk]

When I was young, my parents had a real fireplace and would buy coal, it was my job to get some from the coal store each few days. I remember taking some lumps of coal to my chemistry teacher, which had fantastic streaks of gold colour in them. He got one of the lab technicians to test them, and sure enough, pyrites. I was quite disappointed.

[@TheBlarggle]

That's what he told you.

[@osirex5495]

@@TheBlarggle mean while he retired right after he left and bought 2 mansions, 5 supercars and is set for life

[@dickJohnsonpeter]

@@osirex5495 funny but that would require many many pounds of gold

[@hippieduck]

@@dickJohnsonpeter I mean you just killed the joke

[@kaironst2969]

@@dickJohnsonpeter r/woooosh

[@yassminebouhouch60]

4:38 “So instead I bought a bunch of ugly ones from ebay” Wow how rude

[@blobfish_plays6548]

Cat love?

[@yassminebouhouch60]

Darth Hitler :)

[@blobfish_plays6548]

Good i love cats

[@polarisation]

@@LoverLikeNoOther you prolly Shane Dawson

[@siraj6716]

Weird cat fetish going on here

[@parishna4882]

Yarr I'm a pyrite.. I'm stealing yer golds...

[@edrienmanzanero4081]

@@xxloopermanxx9699 ok boomer

[@unnecessary111]

go home todd

[@TheFIreBird24]

You're drunk, go home

[@malte1984]

ha ha... clever^^

[@nunsense9489]

the shy pyrite

[@Nedskiee]

I work underground in a coal mine (Longwall) . Some times when we are cutting through certain parts of the seam you can see this pyrite through the whole face. It’s amazing, especially when you shine your cap lamp (head light) onto it you can really see it in contrast with how dark it is against the black coal face. Absolutely beautiful stuff, the whole coal face will sparkle with it. I have a few pieces of coal at home that are completely lousy with these pyrites. It’s simply amazing, beautiful stuff.

[@BigParadox]

Very cool, thanks for sharing this story!

[@AMan-xz7tx]

you gotta upload your work to youtube, people would love it

[@hydropage2855]

RIP your lungs

[@unoreverse-qe5dk]

the amount of times you called it beautiful really makes me wanna see it

[@LawsOnJoystick]

I work in an ug gold mine , the cubes are quiet large

[@lyrilmtv2428]

Moral of the story: fools gold is cooler than real gold

[@lewisj.9903]

Not sure I agree, because if you're reading this then you are looking at a device, who's higher functionality is dependent of Aur properties.

[@asa-ks1vf]

@@lewisj.9903 but gold can't naturally form really cool cubes 😎😎😎 unless they can and I'm just dumb 😎😎😎

[@lewisj.9903]

@@asa-ks1vf lol that I can agree on :) (the gold)

[@sswpp8908]

Gold = fool's pyrite

[@lyrilmtv2428]

@@sswpp8908 lol

[@ICaligvla]

"Perfect geometry doesnt exist in the natural world" Pyrite:

[@reapeashooter2]

Bismuth:

[@safir2241]

Diamond:

[@ICaligvla]

@@safir2241 I mean Raw diamond is more commonly found in an irregular shape, infact it looks just like a regular rock. The only time a diamond is geometric is when its cut for use in rings and stuff

[@safir2241]

Thin Blue Line Well pyrite also has the same situation You find naturally geometric crystals alot in nature

[@ICaligvla]

@@safir2241 No. Pyrite can be found naturally raw, in the shape of a cube, where as diamond must be cut to even remotely have a geometric shape. Raw pyrite can be found in a cubic form where raw diamonds are only naturally found in a rigid irregular and more "natural" looking form.

[@Linuxdirk]

4:29 I’d rather have one of those on my shelf to look at than a nugget of gold.

[@UItEnthusiast]

But what if you just took the gold, sold it, then bought like 500 of those? stonks

[@KidPrarchord95]

@@UItEnthusiast Take the gold and cubify it

[@SkyBooFast]

People domt just buy gold and show it off on the shelf 🤦🤦

[@KidPrarchord95]

@@SkyBooFast Yes they do

[@Fede_uyz]

Me too.... but just because i'd sell the gold or keep it in a safe, not just lying around

[@FlawlessRhythmGG]

What I found interesting from this video is that Pyrite is a formidable insulator. That torch probably burns at least 2500°F and for the exterior to turn red hot but only transfer the heat about 3mm deep is quite impressive.

[@jamiecurran3544]

I thought that too!🤔👍

[@EthanThomson]

"there are no straight lines in nature" pyrite: am i a joke to you?

[@mastershooter64]

atoms and molecules vibrating due to thermal energy and the lines not being straight: am I a joke to you?

[@DumbBearPoster]

@@ApostleOfCats that's the point

[@jaffil4026]

@@ApostleOfCatsmaybe i am gay

[@envy461]

@@ApostleOfCats proof that everyone is gay

[@enbyfrogz6766]

@@ApostleOfCats *laughs in gay*

[@jomnch]

It's something you learn about at 3am when you should be sleeping

[@nakinajay]

Hahaha now that's gold right there.

[@nalyddoow9295]

Its 4:28 AM

[@onyourface207]

CrazyHobo ...and then, you can't get back to sleep because your mind is racing with information.

[@decatessara5029]

@kie only 1:12 AM for me

[@BlasianYT]

It's 3:04 AM right now

[@Steph-mc7px]

"I just carefully shot it with a blowtorch"

[@luco663]

How do u carefully blowtorch something?

[@muddro420]

@@luco663 very carefully

[@luco663]

@@muddro420 lmao

[@das3610]

Anonymous 99 well how else would you do it carefully?

[@luco663]

@@das3610 true

[@dressedinwhite3673]

I didn't know that it is called "fools gold" in english. In my language you say "Katzengold" that you could translate with "cat gold". 🐱

[@janedoe7666]

ja, das ist richtig

[@Securityism]

I want cat gold.

[@DEV-rw7eu]

@@Securityism NO. you get cait bat

[@sharron74]

@@Securityism the internet is here for a reason, you could look it up

[@Kissalege]

Same in finland. Katin kulta

[@petyarizova2906]

Other kids: playing in the sand on the playground Nile as a kid: digging the dirt on the playground looking for gold.

[@rushikeshgadewar3155]

Lmao 😂

[@persontheguyman223]

Wait so you havent i thought every kid digged up his backyard or playground or maybe even a sandbox to get gold, jewelry and treasure I must be alone then

[@jigglypuff2499]

@@persontheguyman223 same

[@ashrafhaider598]

I did exactly the same thing and thought I found gold

[@julien4305]

I used to bury my barbies and ask the neighbors' kids to be "the police". But yeah i dig around dirt trying to find minerals aswell

[@wandlpvonmurica3293]

In Germany we call it "Katzengold" = Cat gold.

[@spiromatik]

In Russia we call it "золото дураков" or "медный колчедан" - copper pyrite

[@seneca983]

@@spiromatik: ""медный колчедан" - copper pyrite" Isn't that a different mineral though? I don't actually speak Russian but I looked up these articles on the Russian language Wikipedia: ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82 ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82

[@yasyasmarangoz3577]

Kenne ich

[@Luna_Spiritus]

Cool.

[@AmyAnnLand]

Damn pussy cats always getting fooled by fake gold. Suckers. I'm going to go make fun of my cats now.

[@anorak9383]

“It is about as toxic as cyanide gas, so I wasn’t super anxious to smell it” Well that didn’t age well

[@CouchPotatoCrusader]

Lol yes

[@lrizzard]

@@mojad6137 he recently made a video where he smells cyanide for the heck of it

[@ecave3435]

he said excited

[@esha9114]

wait i own fool's gold....

[@noneofyourbusiness9907]

the gas isnt as toxic ?

[@maggiemaggie7641]

" id get really excited thinking I was rich or something only be quickly shut down and told that it was worthless" - Nile . finally I can relate to your videos

[@kafazyshorthop9909]

My dad is a Geologist, so we have this stuff around the house. I think it looks awesome. (Edit) I'm now in college working toward a major in Geology.

[@thegiantratthatmakesalloft9415]

Lie

[@LShaver947]

@@thegiantratthatmakesalloft9415 how do you know? Do you stalk them?

[@evannarendraangragani7508]

@@thegiantratthatmakesalloft9415 Deception

[@thegiantratthatmakesalloft9415]

@@evannarendraangragani7508 your not funny

[@Killz4Dayz]

@@gaskin6883 you're*

[@omomolol9636]

Immagine being an alchemist mixing iron and sulfur and shortly thinking to have found the recipe to make gold °-°

[@justyouraveragemartian783]

it isnt called fools gold for nothing!

[@Anthracite_coal]

i think i read somewhere that you have to use nuclear reactions in order to make gold, I'd stick with digging tho

[@MotivationAdonis]

@@Anthracite_coal yeah pretty sure it's radioactive

[@majesto8487]

@@Anthracite_coal yep nuclear fusion. you'd have to add protons basically until it has enough protons to be gold its really hard and expensive tho and i dont even think anyones done it yet

[@Animaster89]

alternatevely you could always just artificially cause a supernova by tempering with the balance in a sun and thereby create some gold on the side

[@Anonymouthful]

My grandparents ranch is close to a massive lake, the beaches glitter in the sun with all fools gold in it.

[@Securityism]

Fools beach.

[@mynamehasspacesinit8687]

@@Securityism I thought that was Jersey Shore.

[@shankaka_99]

That’s super cool

[@TheNunWhoKnocks]

I’d still like to collect fools gold so I can look at all the pretty patterns.

[@Nehauon]

That sounds beautiful

[@ActionAdventureTwins]

awesome video very informative! we have found perfect cubes of this stuff in the abandoned mines we explore. one thing i would like to point out is that the the small shiny pieces in streambeds that people often say is pyrite or fools gold is most likely actually mica. the mineral labeled as pyrite at 3:23 is most likely mica unless the material being panned was just crushed and hasn't been exposed to oxygen but it looks like stream sediment. pyrite tends to rust very easily when exposed to oxygen and even quicker when exposed to water and becomes dull quickly but mica retains its shine forever even as it is broken down in streams to smaller and smaller pieces

[@iseespiritshelp688]

I absolutely hated chemistry class in school I was always so bad at it. But your channel is so interesting and I came to really like it. Thanks for making these videos 🤗

[@shankaka_99]

I’m too young to have ever been in a chemistry class, but most of the time I have a lot of fun when I interact with scientific communities on the internet. That was a really long way of saying that yes, I agree 💀 Jesus Christ why do I talk so much

[@sairabanokazmi1150]

I don't mean to be a grammar nazi, but you don't put a full stop before a conjunction.

[@ililiililliliill9498]

Yeah same with me. I hated chemisty in school but now im watching these videos every time they come out.

[@igksulk8489]

@@sairabanokazmi1150 I’ve never heard the term grammar nazi

[@sairabanokazmi1150]

@@igksulk8489 It's a fairly popular term on the internet, it's what you call someone who constantly fixes your grammar in an argument to the point where it becomes annoying.

[@Blutzen]

I've always loved pyrite, even as a kid when I was told it was "fool's gold" I didn't have the reaction of "oh well then it's worthless" because it still looked really cool.

[@bishop8958]

I've recently developed a liking to pyrite because it's incredibly common, and is made up of two insanely useful elements.

[@kristoffer2250]

Pyrite: exists Some merchant: *Aight.... Time to crash the stock market.*

[@fuckgoogle2554]

#FuckAmarti

[@Mr.Blue987]

i watched the whole video with the expectation of seeing one Spice and Wolf comment... thank you

[@kristoffer2250]

@@Mr.Blue987 *I was doing the same!*

[@vixen878]

@@Mr.Blue987 holo best girl

[@last-genrichtofen9360]

Who?

[@squishybrick]

This video inspired me to start a small collection of pyrite, and one of my prize pieces is one of those perfect cubes. And then I started just straight-up collecting pure elements from the periodic table, so that's been fun.

[@clicktuck]

Don't do Uranium

[@floresilla]

@@clicktuckwhy not, to complete the collection and finish it with style

[@erictaylor5462]

11:30 Hydrogen sulfide is tricky as well. At toxic levels you can't smell it any more, so if you are in an environment with hydrogen sulfide gas and you can smell it, your safe. When you can't smell it any more, either the gas has cleared, or you are about to die.

[@hugoehhh]

huh..

[@stevenalexander6262]

oh wow

[@milkman9412]

Uh oh

[@Siphonife]

Epic plot twist of the century. Only one way to find out.

[@maytinpeh3682]

@@Siphonife welp he's dead

[@Lazarus1897]

Running in forest barefooted and stepping on that would be critical

[@blpanzer]

Still better than a bear-trap..

[@mm-hc6im]

critical damage

[@FRCN-th1kj]

What, your saying its *WORSE* THAN LEGOS

[@TheLiquidFox0323]

If you step on it wrong it could be... Supercritical

[@patatjuuuh9808]

Underrated comment

[@Kolateak_]

>Cheap >100 dollars Choose one

[@wahzawahzo2949]

@@dennyg3315 shut it, steven fanboye

[@Gurung137]

akvep1

[@wahzawahzo2949]

@@dennyg3315 lmao did you delete your playlist? Are you ashamed? Im sure you are, flexing with money to hide the shame. Thats hilarious

[@turidrowned]

Wahzawahzo 100 is nothing if you have any form of job.

[@hygrifkrrshinavask949]

one

[@onlirier2993]

waiting a few decades for nilered to lay hands on a particle collider so he can turn fool's gold into gold

[@smallblue08]

Wow that perfectly formed cube on the rock looked beautiful

[@OhSoTiredMan]

It may be fools gold but its beauty is what fools people

[@cafeteriacat869]

Ghostwalker CIA nice quote

[@ochentaycincoalbricias]

I've got one of those cubes. Here they cost 2€

[@Thematic2177]

@Boomslang - not really. Pyrite very quickly tarnishes if you touch it.

[@henrydawson8096]

Hey, here's a fun fact: pyrite can be incorporated into fossils, making "golden" ammonites etc. Check it out

[@theisjepsen22]

That sounds cool, any videos on KZbin?

[@henrydawson8096]

Idk but I have one

[@ZagorTeNayebo]

Shiny Omanyte confirmed

[@godleveleldritchblast5257]

It's called a pseudomorph, it's when another rock takes over a previous form. Like opalization and pyritification, but it's not just local to opal or pyrite. Silication is when trees turn into glass.

[@nikocob1228]

Ah yes "Fool's Golden Ratio"

[@WolfiiDog13]

The fact that it naturally forms nearly perfect cubes and is a semiconductor is already incredably cool and makes it better than gold to me

[@coreyhudson3484]

Pyrite and marcasite play some really interesting roles in the structure of carbon steels. Most of what I know about the two is from my time studying japanese knives as a sushi chef. I never really made the connection that they were fools gold

[@wickedresinshop]

As a Geology student, I can give you the simplest explanation for the different shapes of Pyrite and Gold. You can find Gold in nature as "native": the composition of it is purely Au (charged 0, so elemental form, as found on periodic table); pyrite is a sulfide salt instead (FeS2), so it crystallize, as every other salt, in geometric shapes 😊 in this case, pyrite forms cubes when pressure, concentrations of components and temperature are consistent, and other geometrical shapes when a change in its original contitions happens 😊 Hope to have written everything correctly, I come from Italy so English here is very hard to practice 🙈

[@wickedresinshop]

Moreover, conductivity changes from face to face, depending on how atoms are placed (a blowing example is graphite, which conducts electricity only parallel to the hexagonal carbon planes, while perpendicularly is insulating)

[@godleveleldritchblast5257]

Spot on.😁

[@Aven_colonthree]

Cool

[@000bHd000]

15:12 you good?

[@moritzschaferalthaus3461]

Minecraft Player Well,I guess

[@70lulatsch]

That escalated quickly :D

[@monowavy]

internalized anger.

[@HighMansx]

I love the pause hahaha

[@Schradermusic]

Everybody has a little HowToBasic inside them.

[@ItMe12s]

Me : Thought it was gold Fool gold : YOU FOOL, You thought i was gold but no, IT WAS ME DI-

[@jmmjjmmjjmmj]

ha

[@thenotsofriendlybird957]

Thunder cross split attack!

[@LawrenceLS]

@@thenotsofriendlybird957 is this a jojo reference

[@thenotsofriendlybird957]

@@LawrenceLS Nahhh probably not

[@LawrenceLS]

@@thenotsofriendlybird957 ur name and pfp is amazing

[@Jus_Joj]

I've had a stone of this in my bedroom as a little trinket on a shelf for literal years and never thought to look into what it is, now I know! Thanks for the info, now if you don't mind I'm going to buy a bulk order of pyrite crystals myself and make my collection quite a bit larger than it was before

[@WangleLine]

15:12 Are you okay? We can talk if you want

[@user-nt6ru8ne7b]

Why is this comment the same as Minecraft Player’s comment from 3 months ago

[@LAppelDuVideo]

HowToNile

[@illumitabris]

I think he answered that prior to that moment. He was listing out why he was posting the video on the way to Japan as if responding to the people who ask why he ain't making videos in Japan. *SMASH SMASH SMASH SMASH SMASH*

[@Adoredragoon]

@Evi1M4chine well in that case you would never be able to find out what it is

[@masonwoowoo]

@Evi1M4chine wow you must be really unpleasant to know, im glad i dont have to remember you exist afer this

[@CPUSublimeHeart]

I just clicked this video instead of the Blender tutorial I was going to use... I’m not disappointed

[@jeremiahevans4175]

There are no mistakes, just happy accidents

[@Panzerbunn]

Another one that falls for the fool's gold.

[@leo79033]

Go learn blender, its fun

[@gs27777]

Someone gave me a pyrite cube as a child and it inspired my interest in material science and engineering, I still have that very cube in my collection. cool video on an underrated mineral

[@TheEudaemonicPlague]

When I was a kid, in the late sixties, I had a subscription to some science thing for kids. One of the items they sent me was supposed to be a bit of gold ore...but it seems to be pyrite. I've been thinking that it might have both, but it's somewhat pointless to worry about, since whatever box it's in hasn't been opened since we moved more than ten years ago. It's tiny, too.

[@ciclon5682]

"in nature everything is irregular there are no perfect shapes" pyrite: haha cube go brrrr

[@Akumasama]

Columnar Basalt: "You can play a wicked game of WH40K on me."

[@CheezyBois998]

Minecraft: *-a m I a j o k e t o y o u-*

[@shafa.n.t]

Bee hive: am I a joke to you?

[@Cinn_ical]

Bismuth had never seen such bullshit before

[@panzer.kampfwagen]

conpounds: *are we a joke to you*

[@tarrute]

When I was a kid, I found a large chunk of this, and I thought it was glowstone from Minecraft.

[@solostrings4056]

Did you keep it? Also where did you find it? Sorry, I study rocks cus I want to go into the mineralogy division of geology.

[@conturnplayscounturn6911]

Update me on this, i'm kinda interested too.

[@youngghozt7807]

When you were a kid 3 years ago? 🤣😂 jp bro

[@solostrings4056]

@@youngghozt7807 why three years ago? You realize his childhood may have ended before this video came out, right?

[@xxqino]

@@youngghozt7807 wait... Do you srsly base off people experience/age by their youtube accounts? Pathetic

[@lordwalrus183]

15:00 Pyrite: My goals Hammer: My destructive habits

[@fabizey]

Thats too relatable, my dude :/

[@qqidiwqehdfoiwqehoi1031]

Ha ha ha

[@hygrifkrrshinavask949]

That's hurts

[@dwux]

10:45 Forbiden freshly gorund black pepper

[@cyn0_]

"Careful" "Blowtorch" One of these things is not like the other

[@blueisnotgreen7258]

You look like a budget version of the bad guy from the movie karate kid

[@cyn0_]

Blueis Notgreen not me but how dare you insult lord Declan of the dance.

[@blueisnotgreen7258]

@@cyn0_lol with speech to text on a oneplus 3T

[@cyn0_]

Blueis Notgreen what?

[@blueisnotgreen7258]

@@cyn0_ you asked how, so I told you...speech to text on a oneplus3T lol

[@SiriusArc7]

You might not believe, I was about to go to bed(it's 3:48AM in Japan) but I found your latest video so I will stay up little more late to say this. "ようこそNileRed! 日本を楽しんで！"

[@bluejayechaosenbybirb5865]

I can almost read what this says... I'm learning Japanese

[@donpalmera]

@@bluejayechaosenbybirb5865 If you can't read that already you'll be dead before you're literate.

[@BothHands1]

donpalmera いじめないで 覚えることはあんまり難しくないのに。。 どこに住んでるの？ 私って、長崎です いつか来てねー

[@donpalmera]

@@BothHands1 おいら春日部に住んでるぞ。

[@bluejayechaosenbybirb5865]

@@donpalmera I mean, I'm only 15... I have time to learn it. But Japanese is complicated with hiragana and katakana and other freaking SPECIAL CHARACTERS for SO MANY WORDS

[@Lilith-uf2uy]

My parents talking about me: " There should be a reaction about now but I think its just really slow"

[@purplerose5424]

I’m confused, what does that mean?

[@-tododeku-7511]

@@purplerose5424 5:00 lol

[@joostdriesens3984]

Maybe heating it up by increasing the room temperature will accelerate the process and get her out of bed..

[@chocolatepudding1241]

My brother says that to me like everyday cause I have adhd and my brain processes speech slowly lol

[@connorperdicaro2953]

@@chocolatepudding1241 my adhd differs from yours because I process speech faster than a normal person would especially if you were to try and confuse the crap out of them

[@BigParadox]

I liked to make iron (II) sulfide, FeS, when I was young, by mixing proper amounts of sulfur powder and iron powder and heating it, the process of which was shown near the end of this video. That process in itself is very interesting; it looks as if the iron is burning with the oxygen in the air, but it is actually directly uniting with the sulfur, no oxygen is needed for this. Anyway, the even more fun part was of course when you took the resulting FeS and poured some hydrochloric acid on it, and got that reaction which produced hydrogen sulfide, H2S, which smelled like rotten eggs. One day I thought that it would be cool if you mixed powderized FeS with an acid that is in the form of a powder, so that no reaction takes place until you pour water on it. I would then have a stink bomb that I could easily "detonate" at will. The only acid that I could think of was citric acid, which my mother had in the kitchen. So I created that mixture and kept it in a small plastic container with a lid. I brought it to a friend of mine, and we decided to take a small local train into Stockholm. In that train we opened the container, poured some water into it, shook it, and put it into one of the trash cans in our wagon. There were other people in the wagon too. Nothing happened, no smell, and I was disappointed and thought that perhaps citric acid was too weak of an acid. We got off the train in Stockholm (the end station), and spent a few hours there having some fun, and then in the afternoon we went back to the station to catch the train back home. We were a bit late so as soon as we entered the wagon the train started to move. The wagon was totally empty, not a single person, and there was a terrible smell of rotten eggs. We had happened to get into the same wagon as we took earlier that day. Our little experiment had actually worked, although very slowly. Fortunately it was possible to walk from one wagon to another, so we quickly went to the next wagon to escape the horrible smell.

[@Ballacha]

The mini explosions is more likely due to different thermal expansion rate between FeS2 and FeS.

[@kennethwilliams6916]

I have been binge watching all of these videos! Thanks Red! Many more hours worth of what I consider educational videos!.. also my 8 year old daughter loves these and now had gone from wanting to be a ballerina to a veterinarian to anything like what you do.

[@slushpuppie19]

Super cool! I wish I appreciated science more as a kid!

[@michaelrose93]

It's not generally found in native form, but bismuth is interesting. Beautiful crystals, loads of interesting properties. Least radioactive of the radioactive elements, (longer half life than the universe) dimagnetic, etc.

[@jonr1193]

michaelrose93 There’s also Tellurium-128, which is the second most common form that it takes on Earth, which has a half-life of 2.2x10^24 years, or 160x the length that the universe has existed so far. Bismuth-209’s half-life is still really impressive, though!

[@jonr1193]

Anticonny Agreed! Each bit of chemistry and physics is amazing, and I’d love to see a video on either of the two!

[@kadergumus2598]

@@jonr1193 Thorium. ²³²Th is the least active for an _actinide._ Half life: 1.405.10¹⁰ years. ²³²Th > Age of the universe. (~1.38.10¹⁰ years)

[@zhianxu7992]

yay he made a video about it

[@0M9H4X_Neckbeard]

I've always loved Pyrite, since I was a kid. I collected the larger stones, I think it's cooler and prettier than real gold

[@tex_c9499]

1:10 Most pyrite cubes are natural, but glued to a rock artificially to improve value.

[@darkind]

Thats just... Bad.

[@nomadpeopleallowed4491]

Perfectionists: *y tho*

[@djscottdog1]

So its (fools^2) . gold. since it was originally fools gold but the glueing onto the rock it to fool people to pay more for it

[@want-diversecontent3887]

DJ Scottdog Foolsquared

[@daivomjoshi8677]

Please make a video on mineral "Quartz". .. Its the most abundant mineral and forms beautiful crystal ...it also offers PIEZOELECTRICITY...

[@daivomjoshi8677]

SiO2 QUARTZ...MAKE A VIDEO ON IT

[@KnowledgePerformance7]

Woah calm down there

[@rocknexus5749]

@@KnowledgePerformance7 I don't think you understand. QUARTZ... he needs to make a video on it QUARTZ .. *QUARTZ. .*

[@among-us-99999]

Quartz is the absolutely most boring mineral. Physically, optically and chemically. Even calcite would be more exciting.

[@moth.monster]

@@among-us-99999I think quartz oscillators are pretty neat

[@t8ertot767]

3:08 big chungus

[@nonexistentboi]

Ur prof pic lllllllllmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmffffffffffffffffffffffaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaoooooo Dont tap read more Plz Plz Okay ...... Meow We're no strangers to love You know the rules and so do I A full commitment's what I'm thinking of You wouldn't get this from any other guy I just wanna tell you how I'm feeling Gotta make you understand Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you We've known each other for so long Your heart's been aching but you're too shy to say it Inside we both know what's been going on We know the game and we're gonna play it And if you ask me how I'm feeling Don't tell me you're too blind to see Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give, never gonna give (Give you up) We've known each other for so long Your heart's been aching but you're too shy to say it Inside we both know what's been going on We know the game and we're gonna play it I just wanna tell you how I'm feeling Gotta make you understand Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye

[@zUltra3D]

@@nonexistentboi You know what, IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII give up! Goodbye!

[@nonexistentboi]

@@zUltra3D We're no strangers to love You know the rules and so do I A full commitment's what I'm thinking of You wouldn't get this from any other guy I just wanna tell you how I'm feeling Gotta make you understand Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you We've known each other for so long Your heart's been aching but you're too shy to say it Inside we both know what's been going on We know the game and we're gonna play it And if you ask me how I'm feeling Don't tell me you're too blind to see Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give, never gonna give (Give you up) We've known each other for so long Your heart's been aching but you're too shy to say it Inside we both know what's been going on We know the game and we're gonna play it I just wanna tell you how I'm feeling Gotta make you understand Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you Never gonna give you up Never gonna let you down Never gonna run around and desert you Never gonna make you cry Never gonna say goodbye!

[@nonexistentboi]

@Redchi good one ngl

[@blueback999]

@@nonexistentboi F*****

[@peterdinkler4950]

To try and explain the fracturing of the pyrite sample... When you heat up a mineral the sudden heating can cause deformation or dilation in the crystallography of the mass, and when a large enough temperature gradient exists in the sample, like in very insulative minerals like pyrite, or if the crystallography is just very weak, it causes internal stress to build up inside the sample, as the heated, and thus, dilated crystals separate from the lower temperature, normally sized crystals, or the rapid contraction or dilation just breaks the structure uniformly. This is also why ceramics and glasses crack if you heat them too much. If it gets hot enough, then yes, in some minerals, the crystallography "completely" breaks down, whether it be due to chemical processes, or just physical stress put on the crystallography, resulting in a slew of miniature crystals, usually resembling a powder, seen in the porous iron oxide layer. Tell me If I got something wrong, more educated folk. Thanks

[@lavendersugar143]

"As a kid I can sometimes remember looking through dirt" hell yeah bro you got it that's how to live life right there

[@NashTheGreat]

Kids who was born prior to 2010 know how to play outdoor

[@vincentdreemurr]

@@NashTheGreat ok boomer

[@juancit4254]

rootbeergoat i feel smart every time I understand a single sentence he says

[@Reality_Gamer_2]

@@NashTheGreat i remember the good ol days

[@damianich4824]

"Semiconductor materials are used pretty extensively in the electronics industry" Haha understatement of the century 😂

[@markolazarevic4209]

2:47 Nooooooo. You've crushed my dreams... Idk I have a thing for pyrite. I could have a ton of it and still If I found a beautiful peice I would have taken it anyways.

[@NileRed]

He needed to be sacrificed for the greater good.

[@codyv308]

For SCIENCE!

[@1224chrisng]

15:05

[@ollie9518]

@@NileRed For the greater good...

[@Ronirvan]

There is also a very cool mineral called Stibnite, it has some dark metallic luster; check it out.

[@FLUXXEUS]

1:08 I was told at a young age that "right angles don't exist in nature"... Meanwhile here's a cube 😂

[@bene20080]

you explain the chipping of pyrite while warming due to the chemical decomposition and than resulting increased inner gas pressure. 6:40 But have you thought about thermal stresses, that result in material failure? Pyrite is quite brittle and it does not only crack at the hot spots, but even in spots where pyrite could not have been at its decomposition temperature. Since, pyrite is a bad conductor, it would make sense to also be a bad thermal conductor, which would mean that it had big temperature gradients and thus because it tends to expand more than copper on heat (link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03048745) you get big strains, which result in big stresses and parts chipping away. This theory would also make sense to the fact, that you smaller block does not break apart anymore. You heated that on more sides, so the temperatur got more evened out. Also the block is smaller, which means, that the temperaute gradient was propably smaller too. Or in other words. Maybe try heating the pyrite slower and more uniform. On a side not: Love your videos and find it only natural, that you try to explain phenomenon from a chemical standpoint.

[@DaveTpletsch]

I'm a potter and this is exactly what I thought, since my personal experience shows that this happens a lot with insular crystalline structures. We call it thermal shock, and almost all glassy structures, and many kinds of rock are vulnerable to it. I also think NileRed's explanation of the potential of chemically trapped water vapor inside the crystal lattice is an excellent hypothesis, as it's something I also tend to see a lot. In minerals you almost always find water where you don't expect it, and as soon as it's headed up past the boiling point you have the equivalent of a microscopic pipe bomb. I've seen rocks calcined for use in glazes that were heated too fast and explode with enough force to destroy a kiln, specifically because of trapped gass and water vapor.

[@6alecapristrudel]

Note: thermal and electrical conductivity are not really correlated in non-metals. Diamond is one of the best thermal conductors. Superfluid helium is so good (the best) that heat conduction in it is called "second sound". As you can probably guess none of these are electrical conductors.

[@silverhusky7993]

This was a nice read. Thanks for sharing

[@NileRed]

That was something that honestly just slipped my mind. However, in hindsight, it was definitely the reason or at least a major contributor.

[@Diamonddavej]

Pyrite is often full of fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusions in pyrite can be studied optically using an infrared microscope, as pyrite is transparent in thin section in infrared light. Also, the fluid inclusions are often under high pressure, as the pyrite formed deep underground and was brought to the surface... www.appliedminex.com/decrep/orals/bne12/char130-both.jpg So I think exploding fluid inclusions played a part too. I remember a few years ago, aquamarine crystals rich in fluid inclusions (some with movable spirit-level like bubbles) arrived on the mineral collecting market, many were bought by collectors but they soon realised they crystals a bad habit of exploding when displayed under hot spotlights. One such specimen exploded and broke the glass shelf it was on. Here's people talking about exploding crystals in thread on Mindat... www.mindat.org/forum.php?read,6,370049,370084

[@ZirconGames]

Piryte was actually used a lot to make radio frequency diodes, used in foxhole radios or also called "crystal radios", germanium and galena were also used. you should try that lol. It would be a great exploration of a "different realm".

[@ZirconGames]

If you want more information you can search for "cat whisker detector"

[@NileRed]

Ill read a bit more about it. I saw a bit of info about it, but i didnt really understand how it worked.

[@TheDimsml]

@@NileRed I think that the Wiki page on Schottky diodes might be a good starting point. I was trying to find out how it might work and I went in the wrong direction, thinking that it must work like modern semiconductors, where you need two types (N and P) to form a junction. But S. diodes are made from a semiconductor - metal junction. It does sound like a cat whisker detector to me! We have a natural crystal of galena or pyrite and some part of it has impurities so it becomes a semiconductor and then you make a diode by pushing a metal whisker into it. May I also suggest you look into metal rectifiers? They work on the same principle, but can be produced on an industrial scale, since one does not have to hunt for the right point.

[@risvegliato]

@@@NileRed Its still not entirely understood how it works, but semiconductors like galena and pyrites can be used to make cats-whisker diode detectors. Its a surface phenomenon, unlike the modern types of semiconductor devices that use silicon or germanium. I think the very early point-contact transistors also worked this way, until they were quickly superseded by junction-type semiconductor devices.

[@johnpossum556]

@@NileRed It works on AM signals only because it forms a diode. A diode can do the "detecting" by removing the high frequency part of the signal thus leaving behind only the low frequency component which is the audio. Generally a safety pin works real well in contact with the crystal. It has to have a small, narrow point. This article should tell you most everything you need to know. One last thing, you need a special low-voltage earpiece to listen to the resulting signal because these sets have no battery or added wall power. Good luck! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_detector

[@QuantumFluxable]

My suggestion for the next mineral video: Corundum. It has plenty of uses for tool blades, forms beautiful crystals like Sapphire, and it flouresces in UV light.

[@DANGJOS]

Yes! Sapphire is my favorite gem/mineral! Apparently it only fluoresces if it's from a natural source

[@goblineergaming2995]

This is what kind of stuff school should be showing students, along side what we apparently need to learn. Show us a video of this, any further lessons are studying, and at the end of the week, a test based on the video watched. I don't study chemistry at school rn and I don't think I will, but this is amazing!

[@dio5371]

this channel is great i learn more from a single video than what i would learn in a year at school

[@toffeentea6064]

Person Here However, about 70% of what you learn from KZbin would either be useless or false.

[@raccoonking3877]

That's what happens when you don't pay attention...

[@johndanielsaffold428]

very true

[@ren-pf6mr]

@The coo - king i have to take everything but a social studies course next year

[@qqidiwqehdfoiwqehoi1031]

I agree

[@kamyarghofrani]

I think it's breaking because of asymmetric thermal expansion. Try putting in oven?!

[@TheRandomizerYT]

@Evi1M4chine Ouch that hurt.

[@nebul1269]

@@TheRandomizerYT what is the guy talking about?

[@fireflyfireworks668]

@Evi1M4chine Hello person who has nothing achieved in it's life and is now jealous of others.

[@iLLya_]

@@fireflyfireworks668 hello defender of random people on the internet

[@luisp.3788]

@@iLLya_ hello stranger

[@meikkiris]

fun fact: fools gold is called katinkulta, or cats gold in finland!

[@zaidzehn]

Heeyy! Same it's called katzengold= cats gold in Germany.

[@npetrikov3801]

another funny thing is inkulta looks a lot like the word inculta wich in spanish means uncultered but in feminine form "inculto" is used for men im sorry im not so good at english but i think it was kinda fun since is "fools" gold

[@geradosolusyon511]

In katinkulta which is gold and which is the cat?

[@hippieduck]

Same in Sweden: "Kattguld"

[@Batista77387]

Really

[@just_some_random_dude8145]

This dude has cured my boredom his videos are interesting and entertaining

[@among-us-99999]

I would love to see Silicon carbide!

[@Muonium1]

ya he could make homemade LED with it.

[@Diamonddavej]

The mineral name is Mossanite, extremely rare on Earth, mostly found in a few meteorites and naturally on Earth in a few places such at the far northern Urals, Russia.

[@daemoh3696]

@@Diamonddavej *Moissanite

[@kmarasin]

Boron Nitride

[@crominion6045]

SiC is great (when crushed to small particles and those particles are bonded together) for sharpening knives. 👍

[@Luna_Spiritus]

I love listening to you talking about minerals. So soothing...

[@hopeful_krystal]

gold: heavy and squishy pyrite: brittle and light weight

[@Wulff20ko]

I love when the chunk exploded in the pan, so the torch backed off, then it cut to a close up of the largest chunk and the torch slide back into frame with a smaller flame. It’s just hilarious to me

[@williamjarvis7949]

8:18 is really neat! You formed an artificial reaction rim. It's a fairly common thing to find in plutonic rocks as the chemical environments of magma reservoirs change. Some granite countertops show the feldspar to hematite transition quite well.

[@matthewcox7985]

So Hematite and Feldspar have a Plutonic relationship? 😁

[@pedrovargas2181]

Sounds interesting, but would be understandable in actual English.

[@kateonianlaw1127]

Some pyrites can have gold trapped in the Matrices of the crystal structures, so they are still worth something. Just be careful of arsenopyrite which is more silvery white and supposed to smell similar to garlic when crushed.

[@samvimes1083]

I work in a gold/copper mine and this is exactly the form most of our gold is in. We also have pretty substantial amounts of chalcopyrite, as you'd expect.

[@mnbassing8686]

Lens98052 do it...

[@TheRandomizerYT]

@@mnbassing8686 Yeah

[@vornamenachname6300]

Do a video on ruby/sapphire, so aluminum oxide

[@ooooneeee]

After that, do an episode on their fusion, Garnet.

[@RadicalCaveman]

7:31 This totally looks like your ordinary red rocks that you see lying on the ground.

[@ExodusX1]

5:19 "I carefully shot it with a blowtorch" -NileRed

[@GLITCH_-.-]

It's not a mineral per se, but buy some 99,9% silicon, crush some and dissolve it in hot sodium hydroxide. Then put a small piece of the silicon crystal in it and let it stay for a long time or test how to speed it up (I don't know) It will grow transparent silicon cystals around the silver one!

[@zombiasnow15]

Sounds amazing!

[@alexwang982]

Are they good enough for semiconductors?

[@michaelball93]

Ooh! An educational video not sponsored by Squarespace, Skillshare or Great Courses Plus!

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

Michael Ball « Brilliant »

[@bigfootbuthesmokesweed6766]

@Copper Cortex no one said they were horrible, it's just surprising to not hear that annoying "this video was sponsored by '( )' " at the start of every video

[@annesophieg-n]

i love minerals that make cubes!! it’s always so amazing to see!

[@_Tzer]

I dont care pyrite looks prettier than gold.

[@jeremiahevans4175]

haha cube go brrrrrr

[@CookiePieMonster]

"It'd be a shame to use my beautiful cube, so instead I bought some uglt ones." Idk why, but this tickled me. lul

[@aSingularPhoton]

8:26 little does he know he found the most efficient cheapest best way to create a super capicator

[@JavaIsnom]

oh, specifically the 3 layers, or just FeS2?

[@mookinbabysealfurmittens]

@@JavaIsnom He did a video on it. :)

[@Michigk]

In Germany we call it „Katzengold“ which means Cat gold, because of the shining it has like cat eyes

[@getprobed838]

You make me love chemistry again. Haven't done chemistry since highschool.

[@crepequeen643]

Seeing the pyrite cube lodged in the rock reminded me a ton of the final boss from Pikmin 3

[@OceanBagel]

Please do a video on Alexandrite! It has the cool property of changing colors depending on what kind of light it's in.

[@creofix9960]

Its realy expesive one small rock is 4000 dollars

[@IroquoisPliskin86]

There's something kind of unsettling to me to see a basically perfect cube in nature.

[@fuzzygreen3634]

5:04 When you date NileRed, you have to be worried about grabbing a chemically infused frying pan while cooking breakfast

[@jrmbayne]

Not since he got the new lab

[@guilleboss9206]

Hey, I'm from that region of Spain. It's called Galicia, and I can confirm that those crystals form naturally as well as other useful ores such as wolfram, making Galicia one of Europe's most important mining areas. PD: I love your videos so much

[@Endermanso]

En la rioja también tenemos jeje

[@karhukivi]

Here's another fun fact - when blasting in mines with a lot of pyrite in the ore, the pyrite dust can explode if it happens to get mixed with the right amount of air in what is called a secondary explosion. This can happen with other airborne dust, like flour.

[@geoffpaterson8208]

May I add an idea of how to differentiation small flakes of pyrite from similar-sized bits of gold when in the field? My experience as a geologist of many decades has taught me this. Use a strong magnifying eyepiece or similar; a magnifier such that you can easily see the grains. Take something very pointed like a pin, and push on the grain. Under the magnification you will observe pyrite yo crack or crumble, whilst gold will smoothly deform. The difference is very marked.

[@tyrantgaming7492]

I just carefully BLASTED it with a B L O W T O R C H -NileRed 2018

[@curtiss.arnold1318]

I think you just explained something that I've been trying to deduce for a while. I'm an amateur geologist, specializing in pyrite, mostly because I live near a limestone bed. Anyway. I acid bathe a lot of my rocks to etch them or otherwise see what happens, and almost always I'm left with a close to neutral yellow solution. I think I've been doing on a much larger scale what you described at 6:07. And the gaseous subtly egg smelling output also makes the most sense. Cool! F****n' science!

[@BackYardScience2000]

Can you make a video on opal and its properties?