Antiarrhythmic Drugs

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@1:05:28 The alpha subunit Inhibits AC while the beta-gamma subunit activates potassium channels.
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be presenting on Antiarrhythmic Drugs. We begin this lecture by reviewing Cardiac Physiology which will be essential in order to understand how these antiarrhythmics work. We will then go through the 5 types of Antiarrhythmic Drugs which include: Sodium Channel Blockers (Type I AAD), Beta Blockers (Type II AAD), Potassium Channel Blockers (Type III AAD), Calcium Channel Blockers (Type IV AAD), Adenosine + Digoxin (Type V AAD). After discussing these classes of drugs mechanism of action and indications, we will then transition into each of these types of drugs adverse reactions. We conclude this lecture by going over practice problems for Antiarrhythmic Drugs that we will be reviewing with you. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Table of Contents:
0:00 Lab
0:07 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (AAD) Introduction
1:35 Cardiac Physiology
49:37 Beta Blockers (Type II AAD)
57:05 Calcium Channel Blockers (Type IV AAD)
1:01:03 Adenosine + Digoxin (Type V AAD)
1:14:06 Sodium Channel Blockers (Type I AAD)
1:31:54 Potassium Channel Blockers (Type III AAD)
1:42:33 Indications for Antiarrhythmic Drugs
2:02:04 Adverse Drug Reactions: Beta Blockers (Type II AAD)
2:07:42 Adverse Drug Reactions: Calcium Channel Blockers (Type II AAD)
2:09:42 Adverse Drug Reactions: Adenosine (Type V AAD)
2:12:47 Adverse Drug Reactions: Digoxin (Type V AAD)
2:20:10 Adverse Drug Reactions: Sodium Channel Blockers (Type I AAD)
2:27:26 Adverse Drug Reactions: Potassium Channel Blockers (Type III AAD)
2:33:36 Antiarrhythmic Drugs Practice Problems
2:40:25 Comment, Like, SUBSCRIBE!
Pharmacology Source:
Whalen, Karen. Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology (Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series). Wolters Kluwer Health. Kindle Edition.
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#ninjanerd #arrhythmia #antiarrhythmics

[@zeebalz7038]

You made this 5 days to my Pharmacology exams. You're a G

[@Stanleeeeeee]

Mine is tomorrow 😭😭

[@fanzone59]

Almost 3 hours of a video= hard work= tremendously helpful and valuable information being given, thank you!

[@sofiaperan4670]

literally the best teacher in the world.

[@shrutikaldhone8710]

Your lectures help to clear the concepts about the particular subject.... our vision becomes crystal clear. No matter how many times I read antiarrhythmics, I used to get confused and frustrated. But hey, after watching this full video, I feel a lot confident about the topic now!! I really admire the efforts you guys put in to teach the subject. And I adore your capability to learn, understand and then teach any topic that you present. I am following you since a year now, and not a single lecture was there where I got bored or neglected the teacher 😉. You have the mesmerizing capacity to keep your audience glued to your lecture till the very end, and very few people in the world harbor this captivating ability... you stimulate me to study hard and harder. I can't thank you enough. Love you guys! Be blessed always. And keep teaching!!!

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This is hands down the best pharmacology/physiology channel on KZbin , thank you so much for making these Videos and keep them up!

[@tosanetsano2070]

I was literally just taught this topic this morning in my pharmacology class. Thank you for all you do, you guys have been a tremendous help in getting me this far in pharmacy school🙇🏾‍♀️🙇🏾‍♀️❤️

[@veenapriyadarsini]

I taught this topic to my students this mrng,i learn more from ur explanation

[@VincentAubin-qz6kp]

I've never seen a better description on the pharmacodynamics of the drugs and ways to remember them; perfect video for cramming for a test lol

[@piyapatel3193]

The excitement and enthusiasm to know this, rubs off!! Hats off to him🙌

[@tanzeelakakroo9624]

Hands down the best channel to ace any concept regarding any physiological concept . Can't believe u taught Arrythmias so well that no teacher or any other video on KZbin could have done "Thanks for existing Zach "❤

[@Cole-mb8dn]

This video is exactly what I needed for pharmacology rn! Crazy how Ninja Nerd just knows.

[@doskevin4882]

Quick tip to help you understand better: Inside of cell is more negative than outside of cell AT REST. This means they are polar. Opposite charges (the old saying polar opposites). When a cell depolarizes (de=not) the inside of the cell is becoming more positive meaning they are becoming less polar. When the cell depolarizes (re= again), it is becoming negative again back to the resting state of the cell.

[@nghiapham1644]

This is GOLD! Your enthusiasm is palpable! Thank you very much!

[@devrajlamichhane4499]

This is the best description and way of teaching Cardiac physiology and arrhythmias..... Thank you Doctor for Hard-work.

[@fivebagsforlife7479]

I am a cardiologist and eventhough I know all these stuffs in my head I watched your videos to learn how to explain it so clearly to my students. However at this point I would just give them the link to your videos because I doubt I can explain it better than you with all these graphics😂 really well done!

[@errrccc]

This just cleared a lot of my confusion about anti-arrhythmic drugs. Definitely worth to watch! Thank you so much!

[@timothykruse8236]

I appreciate your videos. I'm a firefighter/Medic and I watch your videos periodically as a refresher. Your take on physiology and the way you teach fits my learning style perfectly.

[@gabbygtz7801]

Congrats on 2m!!🥳🎉 u guys more than deserve it! from the bottom of my heart, thank you Zach and team for everything that you do! idk how I would be getting through PA school without ur help! Ninja nerd for life:)

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this is actually fantastic. It is genuine practical explanation and relevance to clinicians. It isnt regurgitating a textbook and you've really thought about how to teach. great work

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I seriously don't know what i would do without your classes.

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The very precious human being on the earth Ninja Nerd the great. Salute to ur way of delivering lecture.

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Can't thank you enough for these easy-to-follow lectures. So many future patients will benefit from this knowledge.

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No words can describe my appreciation to you and your team thank you so much your videos are life saving thank you for all your effort

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I can take only professor zach's classes continuously for hours, without losing focus for a min.... ✨✨✨...

[@IreneHeeney]

Fantastic lecture! Thank you! I'm a pharmacist, and your lectures are my go-to for CPD

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This is one of the most life saving videos I've ever seen. I'm gona donate something beceause this is better than paid stuff and its free. This channels and all the team are the best!!! Really gratefull.

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Awesome lesson as always....thank you all

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Im already finished with medschool but i still refresh with your videos.. amazing work thank you!!

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you are amazing thanks for you great hardwork,you explain everything from scratch.your channel is best

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Your lectures are really informative Can you please make videos on pharmacology of other systems too? Thank you.

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Honestly , one of his best lectures . Amazing

[@doc599]

Besttttt lecture on KZbin i have watched alott of lectures but i didn't understand....it was sooo confusing topic but you made it look sooo simplee..... thank u zack❤

[@ametrinepatt]

I don't take pharmacology but love listening to your voice before class, calms my anxiety 😅

[@andreatobartorres985]

Amazing unique FANTASTIC VIDEO FOR ANTIARRITMYCS FOR MY STEP 1 thank you so much

[@amandavitaglian5859]

You explain these topics so well! SO helpful

[@linagudauskiene48]

The best teacher with the best teaching method l have ever seen

[@ScottSchellhammer]

Micturition reflex. Do not forget the muscarinic cholinergic effect on m2 receptors of internal urethral sphincter to relax it from S2S3S4 intermediate zone lamina 7 thru pelvic plexus to urinate. Thank you very much 2:19

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Can't be blessed enough to be born in the era where we have You 🌠🧿. You are our true Ninja, who just support and help us achieve our goals that too with ease. People with ninja nerd family always ask for more n more blessings for you Mr. Zach and may God shower all the love, gratitude and success to you 🥰🙌🎊 And "as always until next time".💕

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You are an amazing teacher. Thank you so much

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Thank you for providing great concepts 🙂

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Ninja nerds videos are the only videos that I like before I even watch the video

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Bought the membership. Worth it for sure

[@Seda1979]

Good lecture Doc. I will say as someone who has taken both flecainide and currently propafenone this was very informative. HOWEVER, with propafenone it does have a minimum beta blockade effect as well. Grant it, it's not major but it's worth mentioning in full disclosure. I take propafenone for symptomatic pvcs, although now I am taking it post ablation,( which I had on March 17th this year while my heart recovers). Flecainide is a good drug, but it ran its course with me, (after 4yrs). I am 44yrs old. I thank GOD for my electrophysiologist who switched me from ditilazem to flecainide when he did. He is the same one who just did my cardiac ablation. NOTE: I had wpw, but that was ablated in 99 while I was a soldier at the young age of 20. Much of my pvcs came from that residual scar tissue from that first ablation. I hope and pray that I am done with ablations for the rest of my existence. GOD Bless.

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GOD is always in firms!

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Dude it's like you knew that I need this 😭😭😭😭😭 Thanks ❤️❤️

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praying for more blessings,, thank you ,,, streaming from Kenya

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As usual, you make a complex subject crystal clear! Sure your videos are longer than most, but it is so worth it!

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Can you kindly discuss the Anti-cancer Drugs? Btw I have my Biochemistry VIVA next week. All your Physiology videos helped me a lot. Thanks.😊

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[@suboptimalzebra9284]

Great lecture; about to start ACP school and this helped a ton. Huge thank you; well worth the time!

[@ehe3653]

Thank you so much for this! the questions at the end is really fun to answer after studying

[@francescaitta4775]

Thank you for this Masterful explanation! I have no words to say but Thank You

[@tamngoc6046]

Thank you very much Ninja Nerd

[@longoan7895]

thank you for the lesson, sir! I hope there are more video of cardiology

[@juvega2877]

I came here because I'm talking carvedilol and somehow it changed my heart rhythm even though the cardiologist says it didn't Now he sent me to the rhythm specialist to get an ablation... Anyway I came to educate myself... You're the best Ninja nerd 🤓

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Congrats on 2M I wish I could donate you but I will surely in future 👏👍🏻

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2M+ subscribers!!! Achieved!!!👍

[@halynavityk4624]

Amazing video , thank u

[@inalaura9292]

Thank you for your lectures. We would like to see and hear clearer the names of drugs you are taking about. Best wishes from patients. 💐

[@MyLe-xy1un]

I am learning so much, thank you good Sir.

[@d.j.martin]

I think you a probably a gift from God. Thank you!! Such a helpful video!!

[@learnplex4914]

Beautiful Explanation. Just Loved It❤️ You always make textbook reading very simple.

[@dastanmirzambetov6191]

Your help made me interested in medicine more than before

[@emmanuelelijah3133]

Wow I was thought this topic today in the afternoon in med school, I'm preparing to write pharmacology test by end of this month. I pray I pass coz there are lots of things to know like drugs and mechanism

[@jakewong6943]

You are the best!! Thank you for these high quality and incredibly engaging videos. Always makes my day :)

[@SamanPiroti]

this lecture was amazing thank you so much Zach!

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EXCELLENT, EXCELLENT - THANKN YOU! I just became a member to download all the goods!

[@akifgunay6650]

great video, tremendous work.

[@user-jf6jd7ls2g]

I relly like the way you explain it, keep it up bro

[@user-ds4xg5bt8l]

You explained very well please keep it up 🎉

[@chandanamedi3570]

Thank you very much ❤

[@RA-om8ck]

Thank you Zach for your dedication and passion. I love details and you are a master in that! I always tell my class that if you want to get by learn the concepts, but if you want to make a difference or discover something learn the details. Hey I just discovered something - Double Quarter Pounder with Lecture and Fries Please. Mnemonic to remember the class I antiarrhythmic drugs. I love it!

[@MuhammadYusuf-bi3ly]

C2 49:37 Contra 2:02:25

[@johneid6242]

i freaking love this man

[@user-te3tk7jr9t]

Thank you very much for all the help. ❤

[@Prismatic_rehaam]

U are a great person, great teacher with so much positivity. U are amazing. may Allah Almighty gives u more strength, power and fulfill all of your wishes . Great respect and love ❤

[@faisaliqbal1855]

Sir you r the really great

[@user-kt8iy5gp2q]

Thank you for this great illustration. I’ve got a question .. Early in the lecture it was demonstrated that L-type Ca+ channels are responsible for phase 0. Later when you explained MOA of B-blockers ( that they block L-type Ca+ channels) , but the effect is manly on phase 4 of action potential not zero .! I wonder why is that the case ? I would be glad if you can explain it . Thanks again for your amazing lectures ❤

[@youtuwatch3775]

Not a 100% sure on this. But AFAIK phase 0 (rapid depolarisation) is largely due to the rapid opening of voltage gates Na+ channels. The L-type (L = Long) Ca2+ channels dominate phase 2 (the long sustained depolarisation), keeping the membrane depolarised even after the voltage gated Na+ channels close (they close very soon after opening due to their second gate(?)).

[@kalyan5612]

Different methods of learning. Am made to learn this way.

[@veronikakirienko4807]

Great video with lots of information. Thank you!

[@Drqazi247]

super helpful!! I was going to teach this topic. This is Exactly the video I was looking for ❤️

[@DavidTiptonJr]

Thanks for the content!

[@shraddhapatel3701]

One of my dream is to meet you sir one day Big fan from India 🫡

[@evgeniyamiller4503]

Outstanding work! Thank you!

[@braveandfearless752]

I am confused. How come the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells decreases when u use beta blockers? If they are blocking the L type not T type calcium channels? And the L type calcium channels are phase 0 and T type calcium channels are phase 4?

[@user-ul2yk6jo4i]

decrease in cAMP due to b-blocker also cause decrease in funny type Na channel activity and thus prolong phase 4. (i had same question, googled and found, not 100% sure though)

[@meimei9057]

Thank you dear!Nice explantion!

[@wt8965]

Thanks for the explanation god sent

[@lazaroojeda3771]

Zach, in an earlier video you note that Mag given to severe asthma patients causes relaxation by its action on calcium channels. But here, when discussing TdP, you note that the mechanism by which mag works it’s unknown. It sit possible that they work by the same mechanism-namely, it’s effects on calcium channels?

[@d.j.martin]

Thanks!

[@ryancottrell3609]

This is so helpful, thank you.

[@itsmejulia1]

I am losing my mind over Class Ib antiarrhythmics. They just don't make any sense. How would a modulation of sodium channels shorten an action potential, when the duration of an action potential is dictated by a calcium influx and potassium efflux???

[@nabze_salamati]

عالی بود ممنون از شما دوست گرامی

[@complete7anatomy]

thank you so much you are a life saver

[@WhyNot-si4pj]

1:47:45 The " proarrhythmic effect " of class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs is likely related to their effect of decreasing myocardial conduction velocity , which predisposes to myocardial reentry around and through regions of infarcted myocardium .

[@beingdsa178]

Thanks a lot for this super n amazing 👏 lecture ❤