Nociception 4 of 4: Sympathetic Effects (continued).mp4

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Great question, WannyGames! A fear response is slightly different than a flight/fight response. A basic fight/flight response is neuroendocrine engaging the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. The endocrine response is mediated through the adrenal cortex (chromaffin cells) and the hypothalamus. Unless there is an anxiety attack disordorder, a flight/flight reaction is in response to a perceived threat. This reaction has embryological origins, too! (continued...)

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Hi Almas, C-fibers are the most numerous sensory fiber in the body. C-fibers are also small, unmyelinated nociceptors. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla. I am not aware of the a correlation between C-fibers and pheochromocytoma.

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Some people do experience loss of the ability to adapt autonomically. Some can have gross temperature dysregulation, cardiac and respiratory issues. Like all forms of healthcare intervention, the doc and the patient need to weigh out the risks and benefits of the treatment and make an informed decision. I hope this was helpful!

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Based on the speed of the "freeze" response I would expect that this would occur through reflexive motor pathways (non-basal ganglia or extrapyramidal) down to the breathing control centers in the brain stem. I hope this answers your most excellent question!

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Based on the literature, I feel that fibromyalgia has more than one cause. Omega 3 and 6 fatty acid imbalance is a contributor to C-fiber facilitation, so one cause may be dietary. Others may be primary depression, chronic dehydration, or food/evironmental sensitivities. There may be a serum marker for fibromyalgia (yet to be found) because some people get fibromyalgia and some don't. Thanks for your questions!

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Agreed. Most conditions have multiple etiologies and patients are not the same. Treatment must follow a proper history and examination (to include follow-up testing).

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

They key players in an flight/fight response are all born at 21 days in the neural crest. Everything about the flight/fight response is driven by elevated heart rate, blood pressure, etc. and yes, the amygdala (and anterior cyngulate gyrus) plays a strong role in the perception of threat. So I think your question is asking about what's with the "freeze" and the suppressed breathing as one would expect the opposite in a fight/flight response. (continued...)

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

I'm not 100% sure, but I believe based on what I know that the "freeze" will be cortically driven while the flight/flight is purely subcortical and reflexive in nature. We "freeze" when we are thinking about what to do next or what's coming next. Thinking (prefrontal areas, also driven by the amygdala and other limbic structures) will in effect slam on the brakes of reacting to the fight/flight response. (continued...)

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

The problem is that the cortical thinking activity slams on the brakes while the other foot is still on the gas pedal! I don't expect that the "freeze" is mediated through adrenaline as it takes too much time for adrenaline or cortisol or epinephrine to break down - if you have a fight/flight response, it takes time for the physical response to subside. (continued...)

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Glad you enjoyed them! You're very welcome!

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Hi WG :-) Good question! The level usually clipped is T3-T4. It turns out that when the clip is placed above this level, lots of compensatory sweating occurs as T2-T3 has lots of contribution to the head. T3-T4 keeps the desired hypohydrosis to the hands. The ability of impulses to travel up and down the sympathetic chain ganlion (SCG) doesn't change normal sympathetic activation. (continued...)

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

It appears that normal sympathetic activity does not require the cranial-caudal transmition and that the travelling tends to be more of an abnormality driven by nociception. In addition, this surgery is still a bit of a guessing game with the jury out on best levels to clamp. The most frequent side-effect of the surgery is the compensatory hyperhydrosis I mentioned earlier. Sometimes it's worse than the original problem. (continued...)

[@aquakrysoaquakryso2629]

Thankyou for wonderful way you impart such a mind field of complex knowledge, always allowing for what we are yet to understand/ discover about the spinal cord!, neurotransmitters, and atypical presentations for many pathologies, etc.

[@TheDrMoShow]

Awesome series of videos. Profoundly informative. Thank you so much!

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

It is not clear on how depression and fibromyalgia correlate. In part, the depression may result from the pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia. Many people with fibromyalgia respond to mild exercise like walking resulting in lessened depression and in reduced pain.

[@Stratfordyork]

Thanks for these series of videos. I have a question regarding the minute 6:41. Could you please clarify to me what kind of fibers at you talking about in that minute? The sound's a bit blurry and can't understand it. Thanks a lot in advance.

[@ariellenashanatomyandyogas9574]

Can you provide links to any academic publications on these, or point me in the direction of any articles or authors? I have institution access to journals. Thanks!

[@NeuroDocUniverse]

Hi Arielle! Can you tell me what topic you're specifically interested in researching?

[@Stratfordyork]

Sorry, I meant signals, not fibers.

[@Dana-tw2et]

Nociception transduction