Norse Daily Life

An Old Norse language expert offers (a lot of) thoughts and (where available) facts about a normal person's life in the Viking Age.
Timestamps:
· 1:27 Three big takeaway points
· 1:41 (1a. Household: Sex makes babies)
· 3:51 (1b. Household: They have slaves, but don't think Louisiana plantations)
· 5:47 (2. Manliness/drengskapr is important, but not totally combat-oriented)
· 7:38 (3. Everything is hard and living through the day is not taken for granted)
· 11:27 Chores
· 19:01 Entertainment and Arts (refers often to this video about Norse sports and games: • Norse Sports and Games and this one about the music preserved in the Codex Runicus: • Codex Runicus / Drømde... and I'll also mention this series on Norse poetry: • Norse Poetry 1: The Ba... )
· 26:42 Status and Prejudice
· 36:15 Rhythms of Life: Birth, Marriage, Divorce, Death
· 54:59 Food & Drink
· 1:08:14 Clothes, Grooming, Personal Appearance
· 1:23:36 Concluding Thoughts
· 1:27:17 Reader's Corner
· 1:27:75 Do you like these videos?
Jackson Crawford, Ph.D.: Sharing real expertise in Norse language and myth with people hungry to learn, free of both ivory tower elitism and the agendas of self-appointed gurus. Visit JacksonWCrawford.com (includes bio and linked list of all videos).
Jackson Crawford’s translation of Hávamál, with complete Old Norse text: www.hackettpublishing.com/the...
Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Poetic Edda: www.hackettpublishing.com/the...
Audiobook: www.audible.com/pd/The-Poetic...
Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Saga of the Volsungs: www.hackettpublishing.com/the...
Audiobook: www.audible.com/pd/The-Saga-o...
Latest FAQs: vimeo.com/375149287 (updated Nov. 2019).
Jackson Crawford’s Patreon page: / norsebysw
Music © I See Hawks in L.A., courtesy of the artist. Visit www.iseehawks.com/
Logos by Elizabeth Porter (snowbringer at gmail).

[@OdinMMA]

One of the few academics who actually connects with those outside of academia - thank you

[@fallen6060]

I love that you have a deep, tough American accent and voice. With a cowboy intro with western music. In a cowboy envirement. Dressed with a cowboy style. Talking about Scandinavia and Vikings. Freaking badass as a Dane i must say.

[@broper7905]

@Jon Smith ?

[@DINKY77142]

Boulder/Evergreen not so "cowboy" -- More "millionaire" but I like the vids too..

[@VredesStall]

@Fallen I was thinking the same thing... as Dr. Jackson Crawford's "cowboy"-ish attire and presentation (and especially the backdrop of the rugged Colorado outdoors) all seem to fit the Old Norse narrative very well and is perhaps the best and the most appropriate angle for his presentations... especially when you consider that the Old Norse of Iceland, Greenland (and by extension Vinland) were the 'cowboys', explorers and pioneers of their day. Skol, Dr. Crawford!!

[@RotorMunkey]

Dead on dude 🤙 his Cowboy Havamal is by far my favorite version. Kinda wish he'd do more cowboy translations of stories and poems.

[@22Fooolish]

@@DINKY77142To me it seems you are, more like "jealous"

[@patbau96]

Jackson "I've never sewn anything but my own skin" Crawford

[@wmscammell4663]

followed by, "don't ask."

[@jonathonfarmer2938]

But how can we not ask lol

[@Galdring]

@@jonathonfarmer2938 Right? If he didn't want us to ask, he wouldn't have mentioned it!

[@insatiable_mind]

Now I really want to hear that story 😂

[@Scaboid]

I can't say it enough: thanks for all the work you do, Dr. Crawford.

[@RobertKaucher]

Indeed! Thank you, Dr. Crawford!

[@JacksonCrawford]

Timestamps: · 1:27 Three big takeaway points · 1:41 (1a. Household: Sex makes babies) · 3:51 (1b. Household: They have slaves, but don't think Louisiana plantations) · 5:47 (2. Manliness/drengskapr is important, but not totally combat-oriented) · 7:38 (3. Everything is hard and living through the day is not taken for granted) · 11:27 Chores · 19:01 Entertainment and Arts (refers often to this video about Norse sports and games: kzbin.info/www/bejne/ooeunoGujM6kr5Y and this one about the music preserved in the Codex Runicus: kzbin.info/www/bejne/oHPRiqx5mpxqarM and I'll also mention this series on Norse poetry: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gWi3k4FvgdaUgNk) · 26:42 Status and Prejudice · 36:15 Rhythms of Life: Birth, Marriage, Divorce, Death · 54:59 Food & Drink · 1:08:14 Clothes, Grooming, Personal Appearance · 1:23:36 Concluding Thoughts · 1:27:17 Reader's Corner · 1:27:27 Do you like these videos?

[@Ravynwulf]

YES! 👍🏼

[@syntaxerror8955]

If possible, CAN THE VOLUME BE LOUDER? That's my only slight grievance. I can't walk away from my laptop because then I can't hear it. Now, 2nd of all: It's SUCH a relief NOT having to encounter and then all too quickly leave yet another of all these speech Yotube videos contaminated by background music or other noise that SO many others post! As usual, your video provides a nice nature and homestead background and feeling (making me slightly jealous), and your own comfortable persona. The subject matter is interesting -- and somehow, I'm still here after 1 hour and 15 minutes. Fascinating stuff! Thank you.

[@syntaxerror8955]

I find it slightly odd that they would risk such a valuable animal as a grown horse in a horse-fight just for fun. I know all too well that an unfortunate kick at the wrong place on a leg by one horse onto another can destroy the horse in the way that such a leg cannot necessarily be fixed, and the horse therefore become useless, and has to be put down. (Fine, then you have meat, but still, it's a horse -- a higher-status, more valuable animal.)

[@Tina06019]

Jackson Crawford I appreciate the time stamps, but like most of your audience, I listened to every bit of it and will re-listen many times.

[@Breannasreading]

Jackson Crawford hey! I found some symbols I can’t find a meaning to. Can you help if i send you a pic? They look Icelandic

[@balhaddadinn]

This video comes in handy, so to speak, for us writers who try to portray the old Scandinavian world in a less handsome manner. The modern Norse-themed novels and stories all suffer from the grandeur syndrome, where the setting is not only romanticized, but also modernized so as not to get in the way of a heroic struggle that is so often the major plot point. I aim to address that subject in a more down to earth manner. Thank you for contributing to my project :)

[@yourmajestyswill]

I’d be interested to read it! Do you have it available for purchase? I am using this as reference for a book I’m working on too. Writers unite 🤗

[@hoonterofhoonters6588]

It's always so insightful to learn about the mundane parts of old cultures. History emphasizes grand political struggles and the affairs of the elite classes, but we rarely learn about how the typical man lived his life. Sometimes it's the things which weren't grand enough to record which tell us the most.

[@kaolafson1]

It’s interesting to mention how my Icelandic grandma was always knitting and all of our Christmas presents were knitted warm mittens and sweaters and scarves... but she was always busy...

[@ksbrook1430]

My mother was born in East Prussia in the 1920s. The women would spin and knit for the winter - socks, mittens, scarves, hats, etc. Mutti could spin as fine and even as any modern "machine". I still have a pair of baby mittens she had knit for us - the stitch is so small and even.

[@Datacorrupter234]

same with my finn/noweigan grandma

[@Tina06019]

I appreciate hearing you say straight out “sex causes babies.” This has always had an enormous effect on status, roles and expectations of men and of women. Because we got married when I was just 20 years old, there would have been absolutely NO WAY I could have become a physician and a military officer as I did. I gave birth to both of our sons in my early 30s. In the days before effective contraception, I would likely have had at least 3 children by the age of 30, and medical school and advanced medical training would have been out of my reach. Our marriage and our sons matter more to me than my career, and back in “olden days,” I know I would have chosen marriage and motherhood rather than the aggressive pursuit of higher education and military service. I was not cut out to be alone & celibate until my early 30s! The women of old did not lack intelligence, grit, or a powerful work ethic, nor were their professional limitations SOLELY caused by society refusing women access to educational opportunities. It was just the way it was.

[@alexlarsen6413]

It was just the way it was, describes it well enough. And as for education, no one was educated during this time, regardless of the gender. Not even nobility. At least there was no formal education. Religion was shamanistic, so you could say that priests and priestesses were more educated in the way of runes, legends and cosmology, but they knew less about farming and next to nothing about shipbuilding or fishing...etc. The one thing that was definitely better prior to the arrival of Christianity, was a much more egalitarian, democratic and tolerant society.

[@wenzelplot]

@@alexlarsen6413 There's also the environment and the need for hands. Everyone did everything, so it's likely that priests or shamans would also be part of the tribe in a general sense rather than having fixed roles. On a different note, I wonder if some women felt a pull toward more manly roles rather than being a 'housewife' (that is a grossly simplified word, everyone did everything) and if that was even possible/viable in that age.

[@alexlarsen6413]

@@wenzelplot I'm not so sure that everyone did everything. Especially when it comes to shamans in a shamanistic society (religion wise). Even beyond that...just seeing the craftmanship beyond long boats or the viking swords, the quality of metal work, art pieces, evidence of developed trade, agriculture and fishing...etc. point to an already stratified society with division of labor and high level of specializations. As for the women, I'm sure there were those who wanted something beyond gender stereotypes and the sagas talk about a few. Also there is some evidence to women in this society generally being less limited. This evidence however, is few and far between and in no way reason to romanticize the old Norse like in the Vikings tv show for instance. That show is very fun and also very ridiculous. The norsemen were a highly patriarchal society, like every other at the time. Even if it was somewhat less so than the worst examples of the day, the differences were still minuscule.

[@pbanther3902]

@@alexlarsen6413 Alex I appreciate your comment. I laughed a bit too about clothing. I suggest according to many elements involved .....women likely specialized as their luxury if any at all! Mention was the universal status by appearance. Female reproductive limiting efforts channeled creative expression for compentecy according to temperament. Domestic women's 'art' beyond bearing young, preparing food, caring for the sick and weak....limited but all were fireside! My area.....creating colored textiles. Extremely difficult in northern climates. Could say a great deal about your own family, I like to think brought prestige vicariously. The almost intentionally kept secrete ways passed down due to experience. Especially extreme labour to have colors beyond the landscape they lived in, was a real exception. Esp in Northern climates, may have only been very few textiles at all. Woven bands sash or belt like etc etc. Recently I read Itsy the Swiss ice mummy.... his animal skins I think it was his outer Cape was ornamental in that strips of different colored fur hides had been pieced in long strips. One saw him comming! Much harder labour than a faster utilitarian single skin cape. Trade ability for luxury or to own such an outer garment said a lot w/out words. But everything must have been about ability and personal time management? Even enough time for myself in using others collected research recreating dye from minscual lichen scraped off rocks, fermented in ammonia (urine) did not get far. The wonderous unnatural rosey purple is extremely labour intensive. But fits between related hearth demands. Tiny quantity plus other extreme skill turning sheep fleece into yarn .... then ones own more skill to trade to weave makes fun of £2 primark* shirts! I dream for worn out aging women..... loudly announced to all who saw her family, her back at the fireside, heavily pregnant and still speaking loudly. I try to learn how our grandmothers did things out of tribute. They also caused 'our' DNA to survived down to myself. There is little else I can do to say thank you. SpocksDaughter Boise Idaho now 9 miles from Stonehenge UK

[@LynxSouth]

@@alexlarsen6413 In general I agree with you, but I believe your word "minuscule" is too strong. Societies can be patriarchal, but in some women can own their own property, manage their own money, and refuse to marry a particular suitor, for example. These make huge differences in not only the quality of women's lives, but in how that society views women, which also improves their (and everyone's) quality of life.

[@hjaltalinator]

interesting to see how "little" has changed in music and food. måltid and málttíð are still being used. "knívleysur maður er lívleysur maður" is still used as a saying in the Faroes about men without knives. translated - man without a knife is a man without a life 😂

[@kelticsage]

I live on a homestead so I basically still live this way, minus the slaves and lack of electricity

[@lionessdragon-heart8459]

What is it like and do you think someone in the city could live like that too?

[@JaneDoe-du5uk]

@@lionessdragon-heart8459 buy some cheap land and figure it out. Thats what I did.

[@Tina06019]

Lioness Dragon-Heart dear Lioness: I don’t think it likely that you could live comfortably in a city without modern conveniences - people in cities are just packed too close together for that. I think it entirely possibly to live without modern conveniences out on some decent land. If you want to do it, I would recommend that you start by acquiring some of the necessary skills: “ the time to learn to fish is not when you are hungry.” You can start with something (relatively) easy, such as learning to sharpen your knives and basic clothing repair. Move on to automobile maintenance. Depending where you are going, learn to walk in snowshoes. It gets harder to start homesteading if you are old (or not in good health). I know by experience that despite all my efforts, I was much stronger physically in my 30s, 40s and early 50s than I am now. Chopping sufficient wood to actually stay warm used to be easy for me; now it takes so much effort and time that I use all kinds of labour-saving techniques (including handing my axe to my 25 yr old son when he visits me).

[@grislon7704]

Do you have a modern toilet and shower? Do you hunt? Do you keep animals? Are you alone or with a partner? Interesting.

[@GuiltyBears]

Where? I really wish I could do this.

[@davidroach8866]

The Red Green reference is GOLD!

[@losthor1zon]

I loved that!

[@losthor1zon]

"When you think of 'manliness' don't think of Leonidas, think of Red Green." I couldn't help but burst out laughing. I get it, but what an example to pick! lol I just picture a Norse handyman making some weird contraption out of a wagon. But it's ok. I'm rootin' for ya. Remember, we're all in this together.

[@freddyb.b8120]

@@rick7102 "Human hair... from my back.." - Cap. Jack Sparrow

[@Tina06019]

I would rather be married to Red Green than Leonidas!

[@thomaswillard6267]

@@rick7102 Pine sap

[@pbanther3902]

@@rick7102 I bet lime tree inner bark bast fiber.

[@Paveway-chan]

It’s fascinating that ”drengr” is a word for a strong, stout man. In Swedish, the word ”dräng” basically means farmhand, barely more than an indentured servant working for a farmer.

[@PontusPresents]

This is incredible content that you put out (for free!) to anyone interested. I can't praise you and your work enough. Thank you!

[@heimdallswife6102]

Would you like to know more? I can tell you things you shouldnt know. If you do reply YES here....

[@Just_Call_Me_Tim]

The chore of woodcutting, and the work that goes with that wasn’t unwelcome at all for me growing up (I didn’t have “central heat and air” until my teens, and I’m in my 30s). I really enjoyed the workout, the focus and skill required, and the warm fire later. It’s therapeutic.

[@GreatistheWorld]

As someone who never knew a ton about the Vikings, it’s been really fun to learn all the weird misconceptions people get repeatedly hung up about or project onto them

[@Tina06019]

I am more interested in daily life & the material culture of the Iron Age and Middle Ages, particularly among the Norse, than I am in “the Vikings” per se. So I thank you for this video. I have been a feminist for about 5 decades, and I enjoy a “powerful woman” fantasy story as much as the next gal. I am a retired soldier (and an amateur carpenter), but one must consider how much of an “equalizer” firearms and power tools are. Power tools and vehicles allow old men as well as women to do what had always been young men’s work in the past. So there’s another point I would like to make about a historical reality: traditional women’s work required intelligence, foresight, skill, strength and endurance. In particular, we should think of the truly enormous amount of work required to make clothes a thousand years ago. There were no fabric stores, and sewing was the least energy-intensive part of the work of producing clothes. Homemaking, farming, herding and traditional “men’s work, were all essential survival skills a thousand years ago.

[@pseudonamed]

I've seen a video of researchers making textiles and clothing the way they did in those times. So much work! You can bet they didn't just discard clothing for having a hole in it like people often do now. The number of hours of work in one tunic was huge.. prepping the flax or wool, spinning it, using the loom, etc.

[@TorchwoodPandP]

I find it really inteesting that you only see men weaving once it becomes something you can earn money from: the weaver’s guild and the tailorsk guild are some of the earliest recorded in Paris (naturally)... even today, weaving is considered a man’s job in Germany. But is a women’s ‘evening class’ sort of thing in most of Scandinavia.

[@AbsolXGuardian]

Yeah. A lot of modern mainstream feminism derides femininity even when they don't deride women, so a lot of traditionally feminine things aren't given their proper regard and "women's work" isn't considered real work.

[@christaverduren690]

That comment about the cattle and horses having higher status than sheep (pause...pause... looks to the sky) "but that may be for other historical conceptual reasons." The cattle and sheep wars of the old west. I did cackle at that.

[@henryhopman1624]

1:06:50 Cumin might refer to Caraway depending on the source. The names got mingled and even today, the native caraway is called 'Kummin' in Sweden and Finland, while the imported cumin is called 'Spiskummin' (Spice-cumin). Although Cumin might have been available (it was lightly traded in Europe since roman times), Caraway was more popular and used in Scandinavia, hence my assumption. @Jackson Crawford, do you know if the grave findings are from a Swedish source, or is it confirmed that they used the Asian cumin?

[@alexandersilady4751]

Yes, but if the ladies did not find a Viking Age man handsome, did they at least find him handy?

[@Tina06019]

Alexander Silady I am sure they did, just like we do today! Nothing makes my husband look more attractive than when he builds a shed, digs drainage ditches, fixes the sump pump, repairs a car, chops wood, etc etc etc.

[@losthor1zon]

Watched to the end - and he closes with that! LOL!

[@Tina06019]

Happy Man I think the alpha/beta men concept is nonsense. I like handymen much more than rich “dominant” men.

[@grimheathen]

I wonder what was used before duct tape was invented?

[@pbanther3902]

@@Tina06019 Amen!

[@patrickskramstad1485]

Regards to the subject of entertainment. My father was born in a small town in North Dakota in 1944. Electricity was rare. The family was numerous 8 or 9 kids. The children milked cows and did other chores in the morning before going to school. After school, the children helped with chores until it was dark. They all farmed. My grandfather and grandmother cooked their specialties. My grandfather made turtle soup for example. My grandfather also reused the turtle shells and made clocks out of them. I remember my grandmother making "Ravrask." Life was harsh by the standards of today but, they didn't really know of any other type of life. They did not have any jealousy. He told me about get-togethers or celebrations and you are correct when someone would bring one type of instrument while another brought another type of instrument and they would play. The sound of music depended on who decided to show up and contribute. Everyone contributed something or some talent to have a good time. The community is co-dependent upon one another. Everyone helped because at one point or another they too will need help.

[@AngelicTonyDawg]

As someone who practices Norse paganism, may I say that I truly enjoy your videos. I always find it very informative. The world needs more people like you. Thank you Mr. Jackson Crawford.

[@newtype0083]

Love the Red Green references. I grew up watching him on CBC.

[@ryanpavick1583]

Wow red green reference. Never thought I would ever hear that in a discussion from someone with a PHD

[@JU13ES]

Let alone outside of Canada!

[@ryanpavick1583]

@@JU13ES it's a common show in rural United states. Though I haven't seen it on tv in over 10 years now

[@ADKwarriors]

Add to that a Cathy comic strip reference!

[@ladybirdlee3058]

They showed it in the US on PBS.

[@darraghmol9157]

These long-form videos are always a treat. Thanks for this and for the helpful time stamp in the description.

[@perperson199]

Thank you Dr. Crawford. You are right about the ivory tower, it is real. Those with knowledge who seek to engage with us common folk are derided and excluded. The high and mighty are also very keen to insult everybody not in their elevated position. Thank you again Cheers, Norway

[@EightTonWhale]

As just a dude who likes to passively learn in lieu of schooling I appreciate you a whole heck ton.

[@ladyliberty417]

Thanx Dr. Crawford!! This is a great video to help us see the truth of Norse life, as best we can, through your educated eyes. Greatly appreciated !

[@kameronsmith147]

I have never encountered anyone else who has seen The Red Green Show!!! Also thank you for all the knowledge you have shared.

[@TheSeaPriestessAnnika]

I love the idea of a bunch of Norse people in a rap battle, I can imagine teenagers practicing their bars while they're working during the day, and in the evening they go to lyrical war with each other. It would have been hugely entertaining.

[@gabrielbalbec883]

What I like best about Jackson Crawford is that he is as straight-faced as we imagine an early medieval Norseman to have been.

[@spacecasebase]

This is a video I've been wanting to see for years! Thank you!

[@Tara-sf7uu]

Thank you very much for your work. Its good to hear the 'nitty gritty'. This made me think about how some things are still the same for rural ppl... like keeping fire, feeding animals, (and here in my area of TN at least) everyone knows which granny makes the best wine and cough syrups. Lol!

[@aribavel2757]

Epic video! So much good stuff! Thanks, again, for all you do.

[@ncayoung]

Thank you, Jackson, so much for this. You are so generous with your knowledge.

[@Ravynwulf]

I ♥️ this video! It's exactly what I needed and wanted to know. A million thanks Dr. Crawford! ⭐️

[@cbrown6132]

Thank you so much for sharing your time and knowledge.

[@Hardcore-Homestead]

I really appreciate this video. Looks like it took a lot of time and effort. Thanks.

[@TheAschwittek]

Thank you for this comprehensive talk about Norse daily life. Very informative and very interesting. Thank you for all you do Dr. Crawford!

[@Kendrix_76]

I just received my copy of your translation of the Poetic Edda. Enjoying it very much!

[@artkoenig9434]

The description you have offered is true to the circumstances not only of the Viking Age, but also of any age, even as far back as the Paleolithic. What a life! Glad I did not have to live like that this time around, but I am sorry I did not happen upon this presentation until now. Thanks!

[@mamashaoc7278]

Thank you, thank you, thank you for sharing your wealth of knowledge with us, and breaking the "ivory tower" mold. These videos are absolutely fascinating. Cheers to you!

[@revoltrecords5387]

I recognize & appreciate your understanding of these topics. Keep on enlightening! We need more voices like yours, Dr. Crawford. Hailz & Skol!

[@helenwood1]

Terrific gift. Thank you for your work. Means a lot for us out here. Best wishes.

[@LordFrito]

Thank you for sharing all your knowledge freely we all appreciate it Dr. Crawford

[@anthonyhargis6855]

An outstanding video lesson and presentation. Thank you Professor.

[@TorchwoodPandP]

Making music and telling stories, while working by hand, while there is light for it, is a great passtime, and often sets a rhythm for the work.

[@artkoenig9434]

This held my interest for its entire length. Thank you!

[@apassionforlace]

I was in Hedeby this summer, and the woman in the museum village, sold woven woollen bands. I bought 1 meter of 2 rolls. She told me the bands, like 4" wide, would be wrapped around the under legs. To close off the pants, so no critters would get in and to keep the legs from getting wet.

[@johnannerud6311]

Very interesting! Thank you.

[@ethanwraby9343]

Great video! Keep up the great work!

[@lls6566]

First saga I read was the sagas of Icelanders, all 740 pages in 3 weeks. Could not put it down. Thank you so much for all the information you share, I’m sure it has helped many, including myself.

[@gearhead1234]

Thank you Dr. Crawford for such an in depth look into Norse life! Keep up the great work! I am noticing more and more referrals to you and your work across the web in the historic, linguistic and religion groups. I wish I lived closer to attend your classes. Maybe someday soon, my local universities will offer old Norse courses... It would make this old man smile.. Cheers 🍻

[@TheWitchInTheWoods]

I really enjoyed that thanks. An in depth peak into the past.

[@sunnytundrabunny704]

What a wonderful channel:) My roots in part are traced to Vikings so I’ve always been fascinated by their culture. Thank you for taking the time to educate us all.🙏🏻🥰

[@MsHetha]

Just found your wonderful channel. Thank you for your postings!

[@keithrutherford5164]

Thank you Jackson love everything you do been watching you from the beginning.

[@AngelaFernandesBlevins]

me too.

[@jenniferellis3519]

Love that you quoted red green!! And the wonderful knowledge you're sharing from beautiful Colorado.

[@backwoodspiper3033]

I stumbled onto this channel through watching Simon Roper discussing Old English. So thankful that I found Dr Crawford. I have never studied the sagas but I have always found the Viking Age interesting. I believe I will purchase a few of his books and give it a go. Thank you so much for your great content Dr Crawford. Wishing you the best from the hills of Ole Kentucky.

[@vorthora]

Fantastic video as always!!!

[@LoveThyKitty]

Thank you for all your research and generosity sharing your knowledge with the world!

[@ssechres]

When I was taking „Viking Culture“ from Professor Blaisdell in college, he told us to make family trees for the characters in Sagas, bc the names repeat so much.

[@YamishiMizuandDracus]

Professor Crawford, I must say your philosophy on knowledge and sharing of knowledge is admirable.

[@themobbit9061]

Thank you for all the comprehensive detail

[@5h0rgunn45]

I've been reading sagas in preparation for writing a story that involves vikings who colonised North America. They're very interesting, although they're hard to get into since the writing style is so different from what we're used to. The overload of names, especially early on in the Laxdale Saga, is a tough slog, particularly since you don't know which ones are going to be important later. Sometimes they're unintentionally (I assume) hilarious: some of my favourite scenes include when Skarpheðinn skates across the ice to attack Þrainn, and when Gisli and his family have to put out the fire with sour whey and are thereafter called the Soursops :D

[@mindyschaper]

Difference between you and richer people at the conference: not just the self-assurance, but the price of the clothes you wear. The crispness of the shirts. The shine of the shoes. The lack of wear. The professionalism and frequency of the haircut. The cologne/perfume. For women, the manicure. The makeup.

[@annawho2220]

thank you so much for this super informative video. Im studying Germanistik in vienna and since some of our professors are also very interested in skandinavistik, I sometimes have the opportunity to listen to classes about sagas and norse mythology, however never about how people actually lived.

[@GodmyX]

This is so interesting! You are a very captivating teller, sir! Almost like the Norse poets :)

[@anotherelvis]

Great topic

[@ceranko]

Really good video Professor.

[@SpiritForest]

Nice informative video.. thank you. I am in the process of researching the Norse.. this helped a lot.

[@allyndrethprime]

Thank you Professor Crawford! I am now inspired to read some sagas......

[@ttaibe]

Very nice, ty!!

[@olafraflokfar5539]

One thing I have to say Dr Crawford is that you have a great taste in a jacket. The A2 Bomber Jacket is such a classic.

[@TheSaracen369]

the fact that you need to explain and distance your points from modern racism speaks a lot about the fragility of our society.

[@bencornwell6209]

I just got your audiobook The Poetic Eddas. Im really enjoying your work. ❤

[@lemonZzzzs]

I kind of wish I could give 1 like for each separate section... this is like an entire series in one video! My bell was off for some reason... back on now, hopefully will see your new ones sooner!

[@morbidgypsy]

I am a reenactor in the SCA. I am working with a Norse persona, though I suspect its more an ancient Scandanavian. Its at least pre Viking. And because things dont change much in those small little towns. I am hoping I am getting it right. The closer the better. Gods I love history.

[@Trav_Can]

Thank you sir!

[@dseelenmagie8811]

Dr Crawford watches, The Red Green Show?! Awesome! 🤣

[@swinhelm389]

I like that this video was filmed at your ranch instead of in the mountains. It seems fitting.

[@shieldmaidensvarden5229]

Thank you... you're great. Btw, I got your Poetic Edda..... thank you again. Greetings from Jerusalem, Israel.

[@vgorp3849]

this is an amazing video. ty

[@vidarfreyr]

I love your work Dr. Crawford. You are keeping the old sagas alive and introducing our culture to the world. This makes you an Icelander for all I care. Perhaps more Icelandic than anyone just born there. I am going to petition for you getting an honorary citizenship in Iceland and a medal from the president. There are people less worthy that have received more.

[@opwards]

thanks again for your efforts Sir. "Keep your stick on the ice!"

[@cbarnettcti123]

I enjoyed listening to this comprehensive account of Norse life, spoken in a calm, measured tone. I would buy a book that had this content. Here are four levels: Idea 1- Your spoken words converted and polished into text. Idea 2 - Same as 1, but add pictures, that is photographs and drawings. Idea 3 - Same as 2, but add relevant translated passages from supporting Norse literature. Idea 4 - Same as 3, but include the original text next to the translated passages. For a coffee-table sized book that does either 3 or 4, I'd pay anywhere between $50 and $100.

[@amyriadoflies]

haha! Red Green. He graduated from the same high school as me. Great video!

[@towercardtales4196]

In situations in which people ask for a knife, many are surprised when I have one in my purse, always. My ancestors said to carry a knife, always.

[@nykkoll5089]

Great Content! Thank you :)))))

[@johncoelho3278]

I found the part where you talked about people being able to know your status at a glance interesting specifically because I remember a story I think about Cyrus the great where they find him as a child who has been hidden after the family he came from decided to kill him as a baby and when he grows up everyone knows that he can’t be a peasant because as he grows up he just doesn’t act like one.

[@bradnotbread]

I've been to Jorvik in York several times and will never tire of looking at the shoes.

[@Hvitserk67]

Again a very interesting topic. As a Norwegian, it is interesting to reflect on the fact that my ancestors lived under such conditions. The Black Death (a plague from Hubei province in China, where the Wuhan metropolis is also located in relation to today's fears of the coronavirus) in the 1300s killed at least half of Norway's population with entire valley areas and small towns abandoned as a result. Life was really brutal, but the interesting thing is that even as we reach the 19th century, poverty and hunger in many places in Norway were still a serious issue (Norway has a meager soil and agriculture was and is minimal in relation to the size of the country). At this time, over 800,000 Norwegians emigrated to the United States for a better life. Nearly 1/3 of Norway's population emigrated to the United States (a huge number). Norway was really a poor country until the beginning of the 20th century when shipping and not least fisheries (fish and whales) eventually became of great importance to the economy and most people got a more dignified life - just to be put back by the Second World War (which also led to poverty and hunger in many places in Norway). Then, in the 1960-70s, oil and gas were found at the bottom of the North Sea and Norway eventually became among the world's richest countries. Poverty and hunger are undoubtedly a central theme in Norway's history up to modern times and this has probably affected us more than we are aware of. Values ​​related to family, children and financial security are still incredibly important (if not especially for Norway) and this permeates everything from politics, attitudes, values ​​and outlook on life in general.

[@bruderschweigen6889]

Kinda funny now americans wish they could emigrate to Norway only we cant get in lol

[@MatthewDoye]

In the Norse settlements in Britain, the Danelaw, and in Ireland the food choices would have been wider, examples are walnuts being widely grown, wheat, and sweet chestnuts.

[@professorsogol5824]

When you mentioned that a funeral banquet could be combined with a marriage banquet, I was immediately reminded of that old Danish saga as retold in renaissance England where Horatio says My lord, I came to see your father's funeral. I pray thee, do not mock me, fellow-student; I think it was to see my mother's wedding. Indeed, my lord, it follow'd hard upon. Thrift, thrift, Horatio! the funeral baked meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. Perhaps things had not changed that much in 600 years.

[@jacksoncz8536]

Thought this was excellent video, thank you

[@treyslider6954]

The section that starts at 19:00 I suddenly realized that you're not actually at that location (or at least it really REALLY looks like a bad green screen: we can hear wind, but there camera has no visible shake, and the background is perfectly still).

[@j_h_rden]

there ought to be more men like you jackson! 💛

[@anitaelghandor7295]

Sounds so magical,you are so very lucky😁

[@niko73le]

I don't know how you can talk to camera for so long with no script. You know our stuff.