North Vs South Europe: Early Neolithic Farmers

[@Survivethejive]

Corrections/UPDATE: This video is outdated and contains major errors. Since this video was made it is apparent that Turkey was not inhabited by Western Hunter Gatherers and that the Early Anatolian farmers were not a mix of Levantine people and WHG, but were actually a separate people called Anatolian Hunter Gatherers who were genetically intermediate between those two populations which is why I and others previously made the mistake of thinking there was a hybrid population in the region. the AHG seem to have learned to farm on their own mostly, and not due to migrations from the Levant.

[@francogutierrez1793]

Do you plan to make a video about it?? Or about the civilization of sardinia

[@starwreck]

thanks for the update!

[@mattlee2899]

Implying we have ever gained anything of value from the Levant.

[@henrirapson1403]

You seem to be making the same mistake (speaking too definitively) again. There is no evidence that EEFs "were not" a mix of these two populations. Your claim in the previous video that EEFs descended from Natufians was actually consistent with the evidence. Particularly the fact, which you espouse here, of them being genetically intermediate/proximate. It's an excellent hypothesis for the genetic similarity we do see between these populations, as well as the presence of agriculture in both of these populations, and the necessity of the transmission of agriculture being unidirectional (from Natufians to Anatolian populations) given evidence of a prior discovery by Natufians. All you need to do is add the word 'may' before many of your statements, and the quality and accuracy would be much improved.

[@Bleda412]

I'd like to point out that there are believed to be multiple cattle (cow) domestication events, occurring both in Eurasia and Africa. An article that I found describes three such events.

[@andreaporcherifracasseddu1768]

I can't belive that someone who isn't Sardinian is interested in our people and our folk music "cantu a tenore" it's strange !!! Usually we're considered like normal Italians by other people but it isn't, we're completely different from them 'cause we've a different lenguage, traditions and way of thinking from the other people. So... Thank you so much for the video you are the only one in KZbin that talk so nicely about this.

[@andreaporcherifracasseddu1768]

Kind of things

[@nthavotelcam4112]

I want to go there kinda learn about myself because I’m French also I love pasta so early farmers brought grain which without it pasta would never exist so thank you and I happy that I have Natufian DNA in me. Go Natufians! I actually heard Sardinian music before too and I wanted to learn where throat singing came from so you have something beautiful.

[@gio7799]

@Roseki aren't you proud of having Etruscan origins? 😁

[@wulver810]

Awesome, Sardinia is bad ass compared to Tuscany.

[@kalashnikov5544]

@@andreaporcherifracasseddu1768 Albanians and Greeks have that folk music as well, but we have different clothing. Southern Italians, Greeks, and Albanians are genetically related.

[@geggypolemica]

The fact that Sardinian is the closest language to Latin speaks volumes about the isolation of the place

[@eurosensazion]

What? Latin and proto-Latin came from the languages of Greek and Etruscan which got their alphabet from the Phoenicians. They were more in contact with peoples of southern mainland Greece, Crete, Cyprus and Phoenicians.

[@palermotrapani9067]

@@DaiaeIsBae No, Italian is, French in terms of vocabulary is next, The Catalan dialect of Spanish is 3rd, then Sardinian (all of which are > 80% positively correlated with Latin).

[@palermotrapani9067]

@@DaiaeIsBae Sardinian is closest to the Vulgar Latin, which I Saint Jerome translated from Greek. I would also add that the Sicilian Language, it is a language, not a dialect, may be almost as close as Sardinian to Latin. Sicilian is 56% directly from Latin, and 13% from Spanish, French Dialects 6%, Catalan 2% and Provencal 2% (a French-Italian dialect in NW Italy). So indirectly Sicilian is about 80% directly or indirectly tied to Latin. But Sicilian also has a heavy Greek component , about 15% and a minor Arabic component, 1-3 (and those words are tied to agriculture and foods that the Saracens introduced).

[@palermotrapani9067]

@andria colonna I think other than Standard Italian (Florentine Tuscan Dialect) Sicilian is the 2nd most spoken followed by Neopolitan. Of course as someone of Sicilian ancestry, I can honestly say that none other than Dante praised the beauty of the Sicilian Italian and it was instrumental in shaping the sound and structure of what he wrote in is writings.

[@Phantasos25]

@@palermotrapani9067 Just bullshits, Sardinian is the closest to Latin and you can read it in every linguistics book. We preserve even the original pronunciation of Latin with hard sounds like chelu (Kelu) from Latin Caelum or Chentu (kentu) from Latin Centum unlike Italian and other romance languages. Ponemj tres panes in bertula (Sardinian) Pone mihi tres panes in bertula (Latin), Hodje est una bella die (Sardinian) - Hodie pulchra die est ( Latin) - Oggi è una bella giornata (Italian).

[@Alesxandros]

TRADUCTION of the chant..."Never in my mind to go in rome as a slave, to admire the Ceasars in their faces who has written an epic history, the descendant of ancient Enea gifted the scepter to the papal tiara, the city of Giove (jupiter) and Marte (mars) gave the trone to saint Peter, i prefer the mountains instead of the monuments, i prefer the flowers to the paintings, i prefer my countryside instead of the big city, contemplating my solitude, no noise can distract me, in the reign of beatitude".

[@Alesxandros]

Another interesting thing...the place of origins of these chants is an internal mountainous region of sardinia called barbagia...named "barbaria" by the romans "land of barbarians", because of the fierceness of the people who always refused roman colonization ...romans really never conquered this place for some main reasons, the relative strategic importance of the region, the poorness of raw materials, the difficult environment and the hostility of the barbaricini people...romans were mostly settled on the coastal area of sardinia leaving barbagia alone to its destiny, that's why ancient pagan rituality of barbagia are still alive and the ancient nuragic culture is still living.

[@karphin1]

Ales Sandro Thanks for that, the singing is lovely, so powerful! Ancient people, still keeping their history alive. Bravo!

[@louispellissier914]

it's beauiful

[@karl-arnal]

wow

[@pablolloyd1450]

those are some pretty badass and presumably SUPER ancient lyrics. thanks for translating man

[@sjorsvanhens]

VERY NEOLITHIC

[@C.Noble13]

33 Bones to your Neo.Cor.Tex

[@ASMRconKiki]

Thank you for making this video, I finally get to understand a bit more about Nothern and Southern europeans, and where we come from. Sardinians look indeed different, it's fascinating to know that they actually look like the early european farmers. Buona serata da Roma!

[@hollander6965]

Nice channel miss:)

[@Reed679]

Most Sardinians dont look much different from the other southern Europeans actually..Also the samples he used came from isolated village in the mountains of Barbagia

[@aa2220]

His people wiped out your people.

[@imurt3417]

@@aa2220 wdym?

[@andremedeiros2991]

*Corsica

[@leornendeealdenglisc]

Wow. Very interesting video, Tom! :) Thank you for using my song.

[@drfarzamafshar]

Survive the Jive, I absolutely admire you brother! I know you get a lot of comments about being "racist" and not liking Southern Europeans or anyone who is not "white," but it is out of their ignorance that they make such comments. I am a Persian Zoroastrian and have always been proud of my Persian ancestry and my Zoroastrian background, but I have also been told it is not good or appropriate to be proud of these things because it causes "divisions." I do not see anything wrong with being proud of who and what we are and of our ancestors while appreciating and accepting others and who and what they are as well! You and The Golden One are awesome. I live in the United States and often I find that even though "whites" in the United States of European background are the majority, they are trampled when they are proud of their background. It is sad, but often these people are treated as "racist," when they associate with Asatru or Celtic Paganism etc. It is OK to be "white" and it is OK to be proud of your background and your origins and your ancestors! A racist is a person who thinks ONLY their "race" is the best. You and The Golden One have NEVER done such a thing. You both have always gone above and beyond to show how you appreciate diversity and how various cultures are linked as you demonstrated in this video. Keep doing what you are doing and keep being who you are! I am proud to be Persian, I am proud to be Zoroastrian, I am proud to be a mix of neolithic and Indo-European of Iran and even more proud to be distant kin with you and The Golden One! Cheers!

[@moitoboi2970]

I second that. I have mixed Slavic and Germanic, as well as I suspect some Celtic roots. I'm a European Man by Nature, living in America. That is a fact. It's never healthy for any Human to be cut off from their roots, their piety, their history. No great friendships are forged and maintained, WITHOUT knowing Who and What you are. "Being simple Is" Cheers and Slava rodu!

[@moitoboi2970]

​@blueflame I understand where you're coming from, I used to have similar misconceptions. However, It is not at all a given that I need to make any distinction when I declare pride for my European roots. Look at it this way, would anyone give a Mongol rules about what he can or cannot take pride in within his own heritage? Given the history of genocide they unleash on Asia the Middle East and Europe. He has much more to atone for the I do, according to these cultural rules. You could make a similar case with the Arabs, how were FAR more brutal in their treatment of African slaves, and certainly never fought wars on their behalf or paid any amount of reparations.

[@patriziasforza8484]

It's an honor to find some Zoroastrian people, they are not so many because of Islam 😢 Persian men and women are of rare beauty, be proud of it.

[@Floral_Green]

blueflame ‘Racism’ was conceived as a term for a subversive elite to socially shame wh*tes, nothing else. It’s ultimately an attempt to pathologise the biological function properly known as ‘in-group preference’ strictly against European-descended peoples, and is something that no self-respecting person should take seriously. The idea that we’re uniquely at fault for conquest or slavery - the process by which every nation was formed and a practice that’s taken place since time immemorial, respectively - is incredibly moronic, not to mention historically illiterate. That said, chauvinism toward other groups isn’t desirable for anybody, and if such a thing were ever to be mitigated, then separation and homogeneity is the optimal arrangement. Multi-r*cial societies have an atrocious track record, and for good reason. Contrary to what contemporary platitudes would have us believe, animosity toward other groups isn’t borne out of ‘fear’ or ‘lack of contact’, but exposure and forced proximity on a massive scale. If, like myself, somebody truly appreciates and is interested in experiencing vastly different cultures, then we can immerse ourselves in them properly by visiting them for ourselves.

[@moitoboi2970]

@@Floral_Green Couldn't agree more, "racism" is strictly an anti-white term. In group preference is allowed and encouraged for everyone but Europeans/their descendants

[@kwaaikat100]

Fascinating. Absolutely fascinating. After having watched it a while ago, I watched it again. Now that I have developed a better understanding of WHG, EHG and EEF, I appreciate it even more! The EEF is a more ancient migration whose recognition was made possible by genetics (though it fits in with archeology). The IE migration has linguistics added to it (but probably less definative cultural change). But in both the convergence of different disciplines is amazing. Thanks for helping to unlock that.

[@TarebossT]

very pre-indo-european

[@SL92018]

Great video, thanks for publishing! Looking forward to seeing more of your content.

[@brucekish7576]

One of my beer brewing books has a map of Europe depicting the climate line across northern France and central Germany, depicting the northern limit through where grapes could grow. All cultures to the south centered around wine production and consumption while those to the north revolved around brewing beer and distilling spirits.

[@clovispadilha3237]

What book, may I ask?

[@brucekish7576]

@@clovispadilha3237 "Mastering Homebrewing" by Randy Mosher

[@stelios-1821]

I wish you was using the term Anatolia instead of Turkey because as you know, Turkey is recent.

[@Vasil_Hristov]

Oh, so it doesn't have anything to do with the fact the people who live in Turkey are Turks Dominic? :D

[@liamod3730]

agreed Turkey is recent. Like calling Britain Britistan

[@c7724]

The Turks came to Anatolia in 1071. Turkey isnt recent .

[@1nopoint]

Central Asian =/= Turkic The original inhabitants of Central Asian(The 'Stan' Countries) were Iranian Peoples(Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans). The invading Turks came from Northwest Mongolia and mixed with the Native Iranian People of Central Asia. Actual Turkic DNA on tests would come up as Mongolian or Yakut. A Turk from a Kyrgyzstan would come up as half Central Asian(Native East Iranian) and half East Asian(Mostly Mongolian). A Turkish person from Turkey will have about 15% Central Asian(East Iranian) DNA but little to no actual Turkic(East Asian) DNA.

[@klaudiom.5878]

And anatolia is just 1000 yrs older (butthurt greek maybe?)... And the turkic people originate from the meeting borders of Mongolia, China , Russia, Kazakhstan. The people there have nearly 50 % european dna and their ancient religion (tengrism) is extremely similar to the proto-indoeuropean one. Finally, turks liberated europe from christianity by destroying the corrupt byzantine empire and ended 1000 years of tyrrany and ignorance. Europe owes turks a great deal. Im not turkish btw...

[@fadrat]

Thanks for making this video.

[@ignaciorigon1909]

Very enlightening indeed! The graphics were kinda hard to understand but the last one, which was quite clear with the added explanation. Interesting topic, I'd love to hear more about it. Also, a very nice way to move aside from false claims. Very good work!

[@SenorTucano]

I’ve just discovered this channel whilst drinking my morning coffee. Looks like I won’t be getting anything done today!

[@cybersasho]

Much love to all fellow Europeans from Bulgaria. Stay strong brothers.

[@nondvcordvco4244]

IYI

[@zoscarrhoads7741]

Why?

[@fiddleback1568]

And sisters.

[@Survivethejive]

*12k years of history made simple* Anatolian Hunter Gatherer (AHG) AHG+ WHG = Neolithic Europe (EEF) ANE->EHG + CHG = PIE PIE + EEF = *Modern Europeans*

[@jasonkern4651]

For those that are confused maybe this image can help visualise: IMAGE: i.imgur.com/hoyvzLD.jpg I included Jive's quote because it is a very good concise summary

[@Survivethejive]

Black Swordsman Guts both natufian and eef are made from whg and basal eurasian but eef has more whg

[@mikesemon7392]

Survive the Jive Explain the R1b y-chromosone please. You're very informative.

[@swevixeh]

ANE-Derived (its immediate ancestor, R1*, was found among ANEs in the Mal'ta-Buret' culture). The same is true for R1a. Both spread out of the steppes with the Indo-European dispersals, except for R1b-V88 (mainly found around Central Africa), which seems to have spread at an earlier date.

[@mikesemon7392]

swevixeh Interesting. 80% of Basque carry that gene. 60% Irish, 40% in Whales and Scotland and 20% in a few other regions. It's most red hair or blonde people's.

[@oliviadiale8382]

Binge watching your channel. Glad I found it. Very informative. Keep going, watching from Italy

[@Lederfisken]

Great video, as always! Loved the Sardinian singing, that was really nice.

[@A_Koenig]

Confirmed: Huwheat Fields changed human history.

[@madeinengland1212]

anglo-saxon pronunciation of course.

[@renewingthemind2789]

Rex Paganus "pull yourself together Dr Murdoch, just because she has a black friend doesn't mean she's been blacked. OH GOD THE WHEAT FIELDS!"

[@robfictionwriter3310]

As ever I feel enlightened by your video.

[@RavenioTheHatamoto]

I have now found my favourite folk band. Great video as usual m8!

[@jamesunderwood9100]

As always very well done Sir!!!!

[@c3cxla]

The throat singing is called polyphonic singing, we have that in Georgia too.

[@klmsps5576]

Levan T It also exists in southern Albania

[@Survivethejive]

it is called overtone singing. not all polyphonic singing is overtone singing

[@c3cxla]

Survive the Jive Yeah you are right, but it's more commonly called polyphonic singing for some reason.

[@otagoransome9270]

Frikin Ninja hi, how is it called?

[@otagoransome9270]

Levan T as it is done by more than one voice, it is polyphonic, and overtone as in this type of singing every singer/voice keeps always the same tone during al the song. So, in Sardinian "canto a tenore" you always have 1 lead singer and three "voices": bass, baritone and contralto. Always 4 men. This type of singing his generally associated with pastoral life. How is the Georgian one?

[@TheLostLemurian]

Your channel is so damn fascinating.

[@crypticreality8484]

I appreciate your time and efforts

[@BobBob-do2xz]

Highly informative. Thank you!

[@vellerofontisg5936]

Very nice video, made my morning tea ritual even more pleasant:) Regarding phenotypes, it is also important to consider the impact of ambient factors, such as the climate. Nature teaches us that phenotype is the combined result of a genetic substrate (so, in the case of European peoples, WHG+ENF+PIE) and of the ambient factors. Cold Northern climate plus limited sun exposure favour lighter pigmentation for example, apply that for 5000-10000-20000 years and the prevalence of the relative genes will increase through natural selection.

[@unm0vedm0ver]

That Sardinian throat singing made me think of all the really ancient temples with amazing acoustic qualities, I wouldn't doubt they'd been sued for entering into a trance like state.

[@pablolloyd1450]

god I love this guy. such an awesome channel

[@ryankellypa]

This was very clear explanation. Thank you very much.

[@swevixeh]

The farmers in Europe actually outperformed their Levantine and Mesopotamian cousins: -The Vinca script (6th and 5th millennium BC) of the Starcevo culture in the Balkans predates the Sumerian and Phoenecian scripts. -The settlements of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture were the largest in the world during the mid 4th millennium BC, dwarfing the contemporary Sumerian cities of Ur and Uruk (Source: David Anthony, "The Horse, the Wheel and Language ", p. 264). The idea that ancient Europe was backwards and owes everything to the Middle East is nothing short of a lie.

[@Survivethejive]

swevixeh that’s later

[@MrEVAQ]

First off, the Vinca symbols are still undeciphered, and may or may not have been writing. Secondly, the Vinca script would've predated Indo-European migration into Europe, and so the Vinca script would've been the product of Neotholic Middle Eastern migrants.

[@Vasil_Hristov]

"Vinca script would've been the product of Neotholic Middle Eastern migrants." How do you make this conclusion? The genes of Balkan Slavs and Romanians are predominantly I2 - hunter gatherer.

[@MrEVAQ]

Vasil Hristov I said Indo-Europeans, not Europeans

[@MrEVAQ]

@wrongfully convicted What is Arrata?

[@okhan_roudbaraki]

Doesn’t matter if you’re a Northern European, Southern European or from MENA. People tend to forget that we are all Western Eurasian/Caucasian there are differences between us but we’re still genetically the closest people to each other. Thank you for this video I’m from Iran and I learn a lot from your videos.

[@Vampire__Squid]

Yes you Persians are some of our closest relatives

[@scorpio8963]

The tile work of Iranians is impressive and so beautiful in their mosques and secular buildings. Honestly my favourite tile related architecture even thought I’m not Iranian.

[@NiteDriv3r]

PEOPLE FORGET SOUTHERN EUROPEANS ARE CLOSER TO MENAS THAN NORTH EUROPEANS

[@kingofracism]

@@NiteDriv3r that's wrong. On a PCA chart they are Inbetweener other Europeans and menas, but plot closer to Europeans. Can you show me one Mediterranean nation which has more mena DNA than they do European DNA?

[@NiteDriv3r]

@@kingofracismCENTRAL SOUTH ITALY GREECE ALBANIA MEDITERRANEANS ARE SEPARATE FROM THE MAIN NORTH EUROPEAN CLUSTER AND SHIFTED TOWARDS MENAS

[@simontmn]

Brilliant description, thanks!

[@npickard4218]

You make some great points in this video. Bravo!

[@steffang.diomedes3522]

Very informative indeed, you are doing a very important work! Could you somehow link to those pca-diagrams you are using, so that one may look at them in detail? Another thing you also have to consider is that differentiation/variance in southern Europe is much greater than in the northern, it isn't just a homogeneous blending of the 3 basic components you are mentioning.

[@williamhohmeister4841]

Xurious playing in the background, nice!

[@JShankSmith]

Awesome video. The recent discovery of the monolith in the Sicilian channel that appears to date back to near the same time period of Gobleki Tepe, adds an interesting element to this.

[@clanyoung14]

I love your videos. Keep up the good work.

[@adindrecaj]

wow that singing is beautiful, and thanks as usual for this content!

[@AnnuakiAluqah]

Sounds like ganga from herzegovina, they also big % of i2 haplogroup in their population.

[@cadarnf1587]

Those men singing are the Tenore Supramonte from Orgosolo, throat singing or as it goes in Sardinia "cantu a tenore" got to survive till these days almost as intact as it was in the sardinian nuragic era (iron age) in the mountains region of Barbagia transmitted by family to family. It existed even an all female version tied to Birth and matriarchal rites but unfortunately there are no traces of it anymore to be found

[@cadarnf1587]

you're welcome! if you ever visit Sardinia and manage to see them or some other Group performing this live i promise it gives you the goosebumps

[@theasparagus6367]

The Nuragic era dates to the bronze age

[@cadarnf1587]

The asparagus you're right lapsus

[@kalashnikov5544]

@@cadarnf1587 We have it in Albania too. Maybe Southern Slavs do also.

[@cadarnf1587]

@@kalashnikov5544 that's very interesting to know! I'll check it out!

[@somefuckstolemynick]

Beautiful video mate!

[@omegawii]

Your videos are pretty good. Greetings from across the pond.

[@bernardo3142]

Just found your channel today! Really good work, bro! What authors do you recommend to have a first contact with PIE academic research? Greetings from a brazilian of portuguese and spanish ancestry (so i guess im a EEF lol)!!

[@YamnayanVegan]

BEAUTIFUL VIDEO! Gobekli Tepe is an astounding place. And there is a statue of a supposedly neolithic priest's head found in Nevali Çori (a place close to Gobekli Tepe). It seems like the statue has a Vedic hairstyle (sikha), which is very interesting imo, because in Vedic tradition pujaris (priest-like ritual performers) wear sikha. And this cattle thing... Probably not just ENF genes but also their beliefs affected Europe (and all Indo-European world).

[@Survivethejive]

Yamnayan Vegan but they weren’t indo-european

[@YamnayanVegan]

Of course, I know.

[@cinsifrit9860]

@@YamnayanVegan can this be related to "iranian farmers"

[@garytucker5748]

Thank you for sharing.

[@alicemc8774]

I am binge-watching your videos. Brilliant!

[@Survivethejive]

Glad you like them!

[@thefullmonte1902]

The song from Sardinia reminds me very much from folk singing in the Balkans. There is a prehistoric unchanged value to it.

[@RedStefan]

There's also genetic connection the dominant Y chromosome variant in both the South Slavic countries (except Bulgaria where it's second) and Romania is I2 the same as in Sardinia.

[@liberoAquila]

My dad said the same thing, it reminds him of traditional Dalmatian singing.

[@gigasigma8373]

@@RedStefan l2 dna originates in ukraine and came down to europe very late. Its not related to sardinians at all

[@boshnjak]

@@gigasigma8373 Then why Sardinians have that haplogroup?

[@philburnell5148]

@@boshnjak Not the same subclade

[@redtony58]

I don't know why people would think you don't like southern europeans, you look nothing like Varg. The big problem is that people want a simple, straight forward explanation. When Marija Gimbutas postulated a goddess cult for northern european neolithic agricultural (Yeah Cordedware!!!) people, it immediately was turned into some kind of feminist utopia destroyed by the evil male dominated Aryan. The truth is that we know (from the Vedas) that the domesticated horse and cattle and the wheel were important to, and martial virtue became MORE important when settled agriculture displaced hunter gathering. It was both cooperation and conquest that created the modern european. We begin our recorded history about 3,000 years ago and that is mostly in southern europe. People could have interacted much more (although not genetically because of limited people, resources, time and distance, -think sea people or solutrians and perhaps Gobleki Tepe as a gathering point) in the previous 5,000 years. The way that fundamental myths are constructed leads me to think that there is a broader commonality that (although not genetic) goes back much further. For example, the bull is an important symbol in Cretan (Iranian)culture and remained so in Greece and still does in India. An early levant culture (I forget which) had a bull god ''Tauru'' Romance languages today still use words derived from that for bull. My family name is very much like those words, but it specifically means aurochs (there's another word for domesticated cattle.) That's a borrowing or a foundational idea and could be pre-agricultural. When you look at early agricultural societies in northern or southern europe the commonalities are more striking than the differences.

[@ridanzswerd215]

look at it his way. the thing that distinguishes europeans from the middle east is their hunter gatherer admixture. but this is only in low % in southern europeans and eef. its in way higher % in the yamna in form of eastern hunter gatherer admixture which means that the highest concentration of hunter gahterer admixture is found in northern europe. add to this that southern europe has many additional admixtures from west asia and north africa.

[@Dryfee]

Gelenis Vilkas "When you look at early agricultural societies in northern or southern europe the commonalities are more striking than the differences." Yet most people here want to focus on the differences.

[@TheSlimshady1919]

ridanz swerd also Southern Europeans like Italians and Greeks have 1-3% sub Saharan admixture. This likely happened during the Rome period and Islamic times in southern Italy and Greece. Northern Europeans don't have this. All east Mediterranean also have a slight East African affinity through having middle eastern blood.

[@nebojsademir739]

Very detailed good work.

[@cessatiolux6250]

So much information and and mythology I can barely handle containing all of it! A wealth of information!

[@xxxfirehuunterxxx]

Also, since you do a lot of videos on the indo Europeans, mind doing one about non-European 'indo European groups', such as ones in Iran, Afghanistan and India? I've always been interested in that area and their genetic history.

[@ambitiousamerikaner9861]

Nice use of Xurious's track "Huwheat Fields"!

[@kristokirov]

Thunder Squatch yeah, I caught that too!

[@hithere_1967]

fantastic video!

[@jondavidgriffin]

very nice video, thanks

[@Hay1hiho]

I recently found your channel and I must say I love it. Every video that I have watched so far has been extremely interesting. Being half English half Swedish myself I have always been fascinated by the relation and history of our peoples.

[@skeptic781]

Gött bror, trevligt att se någon annan halv brittisk halv svensk som jag, fast min pappa är nordirländsk och inte engelsk.

[@simonestreeter1518]

Are you Freddy from UnHerd?

[@xxxfirehuunterxxx]

People are more interested in being white or separating closely related people due to their supposed non-white lineage, rather than learning about different groups that populated our continent. Rather than for knowledge and understanding, but for agendas. Sad. Nice video Tom however, loving your content.

[@tomatensoup190]

@@gazthejaz8910 americans and theie stupid demographic approach

[@kalashnikov5544]

@@tomatensoup190 All Europeans want to unite, but the J3wz want to genocide us instead. We can't relate to blacks, Arabs, and Asians at all. And I'm from the Mediterranean.

[@mweskamppp]

Its a wide spectrum of a melting pot. Some people just dont want to get it.

[@tomatensoup190]

@@kalashnikov5544 yes but in the us you wouldn't even be considered white. That's my problem with us demographics.

[@kalashnikov5544]

@@tomatensoup190 IDC if Germanics and Northern Europeans don't see me as "white". "White" is a shade. Mediterraneans are still phenotypically European, but might be tan from the sun. You got some people that look like they're from the Levant area, you also got a little bit of Mongol blood from the Ottomans. Most can pass in any European country and can produce European children. All white countries are being overrun by blacks, Arabs, and Mestizos. The most attractive people in the Americas all have Mediterranean blood. Spanish, Portuguese, Italian. Mexican is not a race same as Brazilian or any other ethnicity is not a race.

[@npickard4218]

I learn more from STJ's videos that I ever learnt in my history courses at university.

[@adamlouis-klein3532]

great videos thanks

[@nuraksessar1286]

I have recently discovered this channel, I am a student specializing in Nuragic archaeology and I would like to know your opinion regarding the ways of Indo-Europeanisation in the West especially by analyzing the Sardinian case. In Sardinia, the overall genetic contribution of the people of the steppe amounts to max 7% while the dominant aplogroup is I2a1a1 but there is also a percentage of 18% R1b.Obviously we know very well that the haplogroups themselves are only an indicator of remote migratory events and here I connect to the point I want to discuss: During the third millennium, in full Eneolithic, in Sardinia appear the stele statues, copper daggers and other elements that are traditionally linked to the Indo-European expansion since the oldest known stele statues are those Kurgan, also at the end of the third millennium is attested to the presence of people bearers of the bell beaker culture with all the equipment consisting of brassards, copper weapons, tang daggers, necklaces with boar tusks in over a hundred funerary contexts of the island and ,very important, the first golden object in island's prehistoric period, a torque collar regarding which academics believe it moved within the migrating people with links with similar objects in Uppern balkan area. From the people belonging to this culture derives directly the culture of Bonnanaro ( which has strong connections with Polada culture in northern Italy, in turn linked to population movements from southern Germany and Switzerland, like the Straubing culture ) especially noticeable by the pottery and from it the primordial nuragic culture that in its long evolutionary path ( studded with more than 7000 monumental constructions of towers in tholos still standing ) will reach in the final bronze age artistic expressions that provide a clear patriarchal and warlike matrix of the society with productions of small bronze statuary representing warriors with varied armament. Another element related to the ancestral religion of these people is provided to us through the Roman filter, with the dedication of a temple to the major deity of Sardinians that the Romans called Sardus Pater, a celestial male deity and warrior, represented as a hunter armed with spear. All these elements are closely related to what we like to define as an Indo-European ideology, so my opinion in the light of current (very little) knowledge is that the contribution of these Indo-European people since the third millennium, although it has not left an incisive genetic trace in the island, has given rise to a profound change in the cultural paradigm compared to previous Neolithic times and that that 18% R1b is somehow related to these profound changes. What is your opinion on this? I also strongly suggest a trip to the island, I'm sure it will leave a trace in your soul.

[@Survivethejive]

Yes i agree with you

[@marcomanca5236]

Sorry to debunk this but nuragic were not R1b. Se have the dna samples and facial reconstructions. They had black hair and brown eyes, just like modern Sardinians. The R1b comes from the middle ages, from northern italian settlers and has nothing to do with the neolithic, which was led by farmers who came from the middle east. The Nuraki descend from these people, who also built a ziggurat on the island 2 millennia prior. Good luck on your research ;)

[@nicolalai6355]

@@marcomanca5236 wrong, r1b comes mostly from roman and other italic settlers during the empire age, besides there's a genetic connection between corsica and northern sardinia, that let indo-european haplogroups

[@marcomanca5236]

@@nicolalai6355 yes northern sardinia is NOT Nuragic. It is Ligurian and Tuscan colony territory. The nuragic dna samples dont come from northern sardinia

[@nicolalai6355]

The history part of the Ligurians and the Tuscans in Sardinia is very short, it's almost irrilevant in the Sardinian DNA, there were the corsicans that was a native people in the Island, anyway nuragic civilization stayed obviously in the north too

[@HaralabosKagadis]

What about the Ancient Hellenic Genealogical trees we read on the books of Isiodos,Omiros,Irodotos,Pafsanias to name few?

[@dramit1949]

Fantastic video....this cleared up a lot of my confusions.thanks and keep up the good work..from india

[@Crafty_Spirit]

Your pleasant English + that spacy soundtrack + a little herb = I'm tripping 🤣

[@andreaporcherifracasseddu1768]

The throat singing is called "Cantu a tenore"

[@giovanni-cx5fb]

Beautiful video. I love that, despite your passion about the subject, you don't speculate for the sake of attributing grandeur or mystifying the roots of Europeans. History, the study of history and human population dynamics through genetics, paleontology and the connection between these two don't need any further embellishment. Props for keeping it factual and exciting.

[@herz4217]

I expected a Varg-y "Let's find out!" at the beginning, but a cup of tea was neat as well.

[@nomansland5113]

What incredibly beautiful music at the end, truly unique.

[@k2m524]

In the final, South Europeans, Central Europeans, East Europeans, Western Europeans and North Europeans are Europeans and they are WHITE. I would like to see a video about Dacians and Romanians, would be interesting.

[@andrewmcneil6668]

Is Middle Eastern culture the same as European culture? The answer to that goes a long way in answering your question.

[@usedx115x]

Asking if Middle Eastern people are White is like asking if East Asians are Turkic. The answer is that despite significant genetic overlap, there is a different culture and a significant genetic divergence, so that most people would say it doesnt really make sense to use such a description.

[@MrMrMrMrHoopz]

like the whole east of europe was dominated by iranian and later turkic people for a couple thousand years, way longer then slavs have been there. But hey, you probably never opened a history book.

[@Survivethejive]

bangtu hauptilagie you can see on the pca that they are distinct from europeans

[@Kingtheropodking]

Hi, you may be interested in seeing more recently uploaded video about the ancient southern Europeans. Meyerhoff (2013) mentions genetic studies that show the ancient Thracians (who where also related to there neighbors the Dacians) are biologically southern Europeans. However, it notes that Romanians today are more distant to there ancient ancestors. kzbin.info/www/bejne/jWnQmWN4hbGBers

[@dyz39]

Studied my Dna and im so proud to say that my Dna is nearly the exact same as the ancient Minoans

[@obabas80]

You’re from Crete? Me too!

[@Kim_Jong-un1356]

Beautiful song at the end!

[@woody500z]

Awesome video as usual Tom. Funnily enough my DNA is 99.2% Northwestern European. The other .7% being from Sardinia. How interesting.

[@user-hg9td9yb7x]

Great video but I would like to add one more thing to the story of Sardinians. Their dominant halpogroup is I2a the so called Dinaric halpogroup that is also dominant among South Slavs (Serbs,Croats...).Therefore genetically related with I1 in Scandinavia.I2a is also founded in remainings on location Vinca and Starcevo cultures.In more recent studies some scientists claim that metallurgy started in Vinca among other revolutionary things that culture gave to humanity such as first written signs and Solar calendar.Could it be that EEF brought I halpogroup in Europe and could it be that those people changed humanity for better in such many ways? Would like to see video on that topic. Cheers

[@ktheterkuceder6825]

Albanians have it as well. They also have jb2 of the neolithic anstolians farmers who came to the balkans around 6800 bc.

[@lamesniepaienne5041]

An interesting thing is that, originally, human beings (as hunter gatherers) are not really adapted to digest cereals because it was a verry tiny part of their diet, but, after the coming of agriculture, and over time , a genetical mutation appear, wich makes the EEF able to digest Wheat and other cereals, but only in the southern population during the Ice age, because the WHG were still hunter gatherers or HG and farmers at the same time, and adopted agriculture a way later. So I think it's safe to say that it explains why a lot's of northern europeans are gluten allergic today, because their ancestors adopted agriculture verry late to compare with southern europeans, so their genetical mutation is not complete yet.

[@MartinaValla]

hmm, the only real allergy to gluten is celiac disease.

[@karphin1]

La mesnie Païenne I have finally embraced the fact that I am wheat sensitive, also dairy. 70+% n. European genes. Also have type O blood.

[@bowiethedog6285]

There are even regions in Egypt where the population is ~50% celiac. Even peoples who have been growing wheat for millenia haven't fully adapted to eating it.

[@bredmond812]

Hello, thanks for the video. While you have momentum making videos about EEF/ENF, will you make a video on the broad spectrum revolution? Anyway, I have seen many of your videos, and I know you mention often that you are British, I see you as Scandinavian. Am I the only one? Are you from Northern England? I am Normand Irish myself, except that I am an American.

[@bvds3084]

Great video! Have you read Ancestral Journeys by Jean Manco by any chance? If so, what are your thoughts?

[@mz-dz2yn]

what are the y haplotypes associated with these groups that would help

[@juancolladocanas4989]

I think that around the year 1.000 BC the population both in Scandinavia and Sardinia was quite the same. Not surprisingly, the Sardinian statues on Mount Prama (Central Sardinia) are quite reminiscent of many of the sculptures found on the same date in Scandinavia (for example, the Grevensvænge figurines).

[@Milinjos]

the music at the end is beautiful 😍🙏

[@DevinRules]

Great topic!

[@askell5049]

I recall you theorized that human history is so much longer and storied than currently accepted in the mainstream. That maybe we came out of Africa much earlier than previously thought, or that we originated elsewhere. Care to share your thoughts, maybe in a video?

[@dleechristy]

"History" was limited by WRITING. Writing is recent, and in some places very recent. Now in addition to archeology and linguistic clues (they are not dispositive of DNA but can provide clues and DO reflect CULTURE) we have at least "some" ancient DNA -- That too is limited but still much farther back than written records. Coming out of Africa may not have been a one time event and as it is, it was well underway more than 50 thousand years ago in the case of modern types, maybe 300,000 years ago for some more archaic types that added some DNA into the stew.

[@TheG00se81]

Just talked about northern and southern Europeans today with my girlfriend. Perfect timing for this video! Great and interesting as ever!

[@at0micwerew0lf]

Interesting stuff, that. I've never explored these very early chapters of our collective history.

[@chigimonky]

I reeeally hope you publish a book some day

[@Myrkskog]

00:14 Kettle's on.

[@DukeOfMalarkey]

Huwheat Fields in the background? What sorcery is this?!

[@Myrrhth]

soon as you said 'cup of tea' I knew what was missing from this moment in my life. brb

[@user-cb9tp4hu2s]

Very good video. you have a great knowledge on Europe. I am a french patriot and I love our continent and Europeans in general. we have such a rich and diverse culture and peoples. It is a shame that some people wish to destroy this, including European themselves who do not see how precious Europeans are in this vast world. You honor your ancestors. I have seen several of your videos. keep up the good work. Force et honneur

[@-gemberkoekje-5547]

Kinda sus

[@giuliursajanna7000]

Hello from a Sardinian lady with a very ancient surname (Urru = beautiful palm-tree in sumerian language) ❤️

[@manbro3260]

Very Interesting Episode Survive the Jive, Very Interesting!

[@theasparagus6367]

Since you mentioned early pre Indoeuropean civilizations and Sardinians I expected you to mention the Nuragic civilization. They date to the second millennium bc and built tens of thousands of imposing stone towers up to 30 meters tall with superimposed tholos vaulted chambers inside, they even built refined temples with ashlar masonry (S.Cristina, Su Tempiesu, Predio Canopoli etc), fountains, 40 meters deep water wells, large sanctuaries, cyclopean walls and corridors with corbel arches on two levels monumental stone tombs and even an aqueduct. They also produced thousands of bronze sculptures and even life sized stone statues, the earliest in Europe. They were the most prolific culture in bronze age Europe along with the Minoans and Mycenaeans. But even if we go further back in time Sardinia was home to some very prolific neolithic and chalcolithic cultures (Ozieri, Monte Claro and others) which built about 2000 elaborate rock cut hypogeums, thick stone walls and fortifications and a lot of silver artifacts including mirrors. Sardinia has definitely one of the most underrated archaeological heritages ever. Even in your video you can spot the ruins of a collapsed Nuragic tower at 10:02, that should give you an idea of how many there are.

[@hyttenrunen]

Do germans count to the northern europeans or the southern europeans? I know that within the german race there are also subraces which can be devided like the nordic german race which is obviously northern european and the danubian and alpine germanic race which is southern, but overall which group would the central germans be part of? Like those inbetween the alps and the coast, which are again a different subrace entirely

[@aads1823]

on my Ged match results I keep getting Early Neolithic Farmer & West asia, along with western hunter gatherer?

[@thehittite6536]

aa ds you are kurdish

[@gundhardhu7788]

i'm very proud of my Sardinian blood

[@joannechisholm4501]

Good your people built Stone Hendge in England.

[@joannechisholm4501]

Sardinian are 90% Anatolian Farmers wow us is the UK are more of a mix we are Western Hunter Gathers Anatolian Farmer but not as butch and Indo European

[@iyanabellamy3170]

Same

[@Cheepchipsable]

So am I - has pride of place on my mantle piece.

[@thomassheridanii2118]

Enjoyed this. But how does this explain why the megalithic sites on the far west of Ireland and in Orkney are much, much older than Stonehenge? If FEF migration was exclusively east to west?

[@captainl-ron4068]

Was about to watch this on my cigarette break at work......but the man has spoken. I'll wait till I can get home and pop the kettle on.

[@captainl-ron4068]

So I got home, fired up the kettle and indeed, I was enlightened......throat singing in a cave mouth, you spoil us Sir. As for accusations of you 'not liking Southern Europeans'.......I can't imagine where people get that idea, you seemed very happy in Rome. Maybe they dwell on historical enmities and think everyone else does too. Take Britain for example.....we have fought with both the French and the Irish over many centuries in different ways and modes, but we'd be hard pressed to find more fast friends than these nations. Even including the nations we spawned.

[@elisabethsphilosophy6459]

Thank you for the video, i would be interested in your opinion on Rh negative blood too!

[@Survivethejive]

I don't really have one, sorry!

[@elisabethsphilosophy6459]

Ah ok :p Im interested in it because its almost only found in Europeans.

[@lucioinnocenzo2328]

Elisabeth's philosophy so beautiful.

[@joecosta8182]

this video addresses some of the mythology of Rh negative blood which may or may not be true, still interesting nonetheless. kzbin.info/www/bejne/oqTCi6eDZq6nsNU

[@AEye-zk2sb]

Rh factor has to do with protection from taxoplasmosis. . Taxoplasmosis is carried by Cats (feces.. don't mess with while Pregnant) people with Negative have no protection Positive does. Is why Most people are positive as their ancestors have been exposed and passed on Protection for this .. it has Nothing to do with rhesus monkeys except that they also carry protection against cat feces and so when First found in human blood was given Name Rh for rhesus ;) hope that helps

[@welurkintheforeststhefores8100]

I actually made myself a cup of tea :D

[@karphin1]

welurkintheforests theforests Me, too! 😄

[@AF-tv6uf]

@@karphin1 Grabbed coffee!

[@skeptic781]

I already had one

[@audiovideando1592]

I'd love to hear your take on basque people and their mysterious language.

[@DaliwolfBacon]

Fascinating!