NUMBERS and LETTERS on RUNWAY? explained by "CAPTAIN" Joe

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Dear friends and followers, welcome back to my channel, today´s question is: What is the meaning behind the numbers and letters on the runway?
I´m sure many of you have seen my approach and landing videos here on youtube, and you might have wondered, what is that number and letter you see on the runway just prior touchdown.
Let´s first talk about the number.
We´re gonna have to cover some basic navigation first.
As we look at our planet earth we have the geometric north and south pole in each hemisphere, marking the top and bottom of the planet. But there´s no instrument besides GPS which could guide us towards these poles.
But the planet has it´s own magnetic field surrounding the earth, creating the magnetic north and south pole which are slightly off of the geometric poles.
Now you´ve all seen a compass, and you know that the needle always points towards magnetic north.
Now let´s look at this runway here, you can see the numbers 08,
let´s imagine you would draw a line all the way from the magnetic north pole down until it crosses the runway centerline. You would see that the two lines create an opening angle of 080 degrees. Meaning the runway centerline is 080 degrees relative to the magnetic north pole.
So why is there only a 08 on the runway? There are two reasons for that.
Let´s say the magnetic heading of the runway would be 084. Then it would be rounded off to the nearest tenth, so in this case, 080, leaving out the last zero, you have runway "Zero eight". But if you would name the runway "zero eight zero" could lead to misinterpretation as given headings are spelled the same way, like fly heading 120 for example.
Now as you sit in your plan on the runway, in this example runway 05 in Madeira you know you know your plane nose is pointing 050 degrees, so heading northeast, and your airplane tail is pointing + 180 degrees into the opposite direction, so the reciprocal runway should be? Yes, runway "two tree".
But more about that in the video :)
Thanks for watching, all the best your "Captain" Joe
Big thank you to the other youtuber who provided me with their great videos. Please check out
@SPOTTERNATION
@Josh Konrath
@dnhug
Background track:
Stellardone - In Time

[@ItsPa1]

No one in the world explains better than Captain Joe!!!

[@ishanshrivastava4447]

exactly

[@kurzweilbazzhunter9748]

PAV 2001 exactly he is the best

[@user-ky6vw5up9m]

Yes joe has great communication skills

[@prankmonkey650]

He’s the best explaining things. Would be a good teacher.

[@amilcarvalenca3381]

IsTheBest

[@MrRawking305]

I'm an air traffic controller. I appreciate the good work you do educating new pilots because let's face it...a lot of them become a headache for me lol

[@fen4554]

2:48 "As you can see.." No.. No, Joe, that is a terrifying chart, and I see nothing on it lol.

[@Timmy-ow7mr]

Bro he said 236 degrees only pilot can understand that

[@abbysnowmist]

@@Timmy-ow7mr You know protractors exist and basically anyone that has gone to school has a rough idea how to use one, right?

[@delivia3474]

@@abbysnowmist pretty sure anyone who’s gone to school could tell what a joke is 👍🏻

[@flippah9101]

Runway tree tree? Just call it Runway forest :P (Yes I know that's how you say it radio communication)

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Haha ;)

[@pilot1188]

Fyre Foxx Thats one of the easiest topics

[@josephgurgui8686]

Eli Audecho Maybe to someone who knows, because the reasoning makes sense, but you're not born knowing about the 360 degrees in a circle

[@vishe307]

That Aviator Whatever heading the runway is on is what the numbers will be

[@raphaelvildren7633]

Pilot : Copy, landing the aircraft on the nearest forest😂😂

[@MyAvitech]

Someone needs to send this video to Harrison Ford (and the difference between a runway and a taxiway)

[@tanesimons6501]

Avi Tech Hahaha😄😄

[@MrRafboy]

Avi Tech hit the nail on the head.he did feel bad on the recordings

[@guamdronevids7572]

Avi Tech 😂😂👏🏻 Hhahaha

[@quickfairscoiltech410]

lol

[@tennicktenstyl]

I don't get the reference lol, can somebody give me a link to it?

[@ByTheWae]

Easy way to calculate the counter runway. You see your runway for example 05 then you add 2 to the first number and subtract 2 from the last number. So we have 23 same goes for the other way around. If we have 23 we subtract 2 from the first number and add 2 to the second number which gives us? Exactly 05.

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

That´s how I learned it too :)

[@ByTheWae]

Thanks for the answer Joe. :D

[@syduk]

Mind. Blown.

[@postholewoody208]

It seems you could also just add or subtract 18

[@chrisschack9716]

Effectively what you're doing, I think "add 2 / subtract 2" falls apart a bit with runways 1, 11, and 19

[@abdulazizbahamdain]

This is The Best Channel on KZbin , you deserve 5M Subscribers. Thank you For your efforts Captain Joe.

[@roman_fla]

I don't understand how he is still in sub 200k for so many months now. Captain Joe makes some of the best airline videos I've ever seen.

[@kamaranskie7843]

Pfff only 5M? I say 20M

[@enginear4973]

@sidewayrussian What is getting what is deserving in this hilarious life? :P I think the channel will soon find the way, we are on youtube and not on the ruthless and awfully censoring facebook.

[@turbofanlover]

Well, for aviation geeks, it's definitely in the top 10, anyway. :)

[@xxxrossomaticxxx]

because the amount of people interested in this topic isnt millions.

[@martonify]

I know all this but I still watch these videos because they are good

[@bern6543]

I know nothing of these, but i still watch because the videos are interesting. Just to get a glimpse how this magic called "physics" functions.

[@MrMR-sk8jm]

Same

[@MrMR-sk8jm]

I also watch ones like this to see how in depth he can go into explaining the the number is the magnetic heading (rounded to the nearest 10) and the letter is either R=right, L=left, C=center.

[@rubenkorkis282]

hi joe, could you maybe do a video about communication with air traffic control?

[@EVAUnit4A]

Seconded!

[@stonestreaker]

Thirded!

[@josephgurgui8686]

Fifthed,,,And subbed!

[@midnightmtb]

here's a brief lesson on the basics all letters are said in phonetics, they all use special number (I listed them in the above comment), and over means you need a response, out means you are done coms and are not looking for a response, ill add a basic atc blotter to show it in use ATC this is Charlie Alpha One Tree Fife Requesting Permission to take off runway Two Fife Right along with that (yes captain joe made a vid on it but in case you haven't seen it) Mayday means major emergency and pan means minor emergency, all emergency statements are made in series of 3 ect, pan, pan, pan or mayday, mayday, mayday or even fire, fire, fire

[@kidsrobertandericsternquis7126]

@@midnightmtb *pan-pan

[@Quasihamster]

"NEVER say runway thirty-three." me thinking: "No, it's tirty-tree!"

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Haha, gotta ya :)

[@midnightmtb]

it's technically Tree Zero Tree

[@MissSaphrynTownsend]

I can't decide if I hear this in an Irish accent or a Jamaican accent 😂😂😂

[@MikesGarageReviews]

Tree tree

[@MultiFunCreator]

Really explained in a wunderful way - and always with excellent animations. Many thanks! Your videos are a perfect preparation before my first simulator flight in Airbus A320, a dream which fulfilled at the old age of 62 !

[@hashaliphilemonasher6136]

Captai Joe u are best... nobody explains clearly and louder than you. Many blessings again from Namibia Windhoek.

[@crispybacon9523]

So informative for anyone interested in aviation. I thought I knew quite a bit from playing a few flight sims but the level of knowledge to be a professional pilot is quite amazing. Keep up with these brilliant videos.

[@spicex4k901]

Dunning kruger is amazing

[@RahmanSajid]

Always a pleasure watching your video Captain Joe, soon I'll enter this career :)

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Thanks :) Happy for you!

[@jim2386]

I just found this channel yesterday. I’ve been binge watching ever since! You’ve got my engineer brain churning! Great stuff!

[@devendersinghattri4654]

I have not come across any one with such an impressive and clear voice! !!!! Absolutely great!

[@samuelhara4874]

Cheers Captain. You are a legendary Joe! Your explanation makes me feel safe! Safe in the knowledge that most pilots know very well their trade well equipped to deal with any scenario that may arise whilst flying.

[@PeteWall]

The airport in my hometown of Rochester, MN, USA (RST) has the only two runway numbers that are reversible: One runway is 13 and 31, while the other is 02 and 20.

[@FareedShahid1]

Hi Pete, that has to be then. both the ends of the runways would have 180 degree heading differential. 310-180= 130 hence 13, and the other would have 200-180=20 hence 02. if its 13L then it would be 31R, and likewise the case with the other runway numbers

[@user-ky6vw5up9m]

That is a coincidence. The difference between the numbers is always 18. Regards

[@JoHoward123]

i'm new here & can't get over how much detail you put into your videos. The animations and insert videos really help to explain what you are describing. Keep up the great work

[@radekjurica2804]

YES!!! I have been waiting for this all time. Thank you Joe

[@jetfrostgaming]

DAL5170 and CPA1259. I'm a virtual airline pilot for Cathay Pacific and Delta and I while I know what most of your videos are talking about, I am glad you can explain them so well to those who wish to learn. I love to see other ways of explaining things.

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

My pleasure :)

[@mike271998able]

i want to be a pilot😔

[@thepierink1972]

Ya me to

[@STSBMS]

mike kleine Same

[@lennythecat8442]

mike kleine same

[@aviationgamingifag652]

mike kleine same

[@nkolchenko]

mike kleine , you don't ))) bielieve me

[@MrAlexander2483]

What a positive guy you are! Thanks for your videos, Captain Joe. Keep filming. You are the best!))

[@sarathw5740]

Agree. This is the best explanation I had so far out of all the videos I watched. Thanks.

[@yannickgeudens5192]

Hi Joe Very nice and interesting video. Your videos will definitely help me with my pilot training. I really wich I could fly with you one day. You would be such a great instuctor. Thanks again and keep up the good work! Greetings from Belgium Yannick

[@ZaBaHD]

no offence , but if you didn't know these stuff already you're going to struggle to be a pilot.

[@yannickgeudens5192]

Bro Im 15 and dont have any flight training jet

[@nickwillett1525]

Your 17 now have you started training?

[@nickwillett1525]

Your 17 now have you started training

[@38911bytefree]

NICE VID !!! Thanks.

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

My pleasure !

[@patrickcoppens2164]

Captain Joe, just want to say thank you for the time and effort you put into these videos. They are very informative

[@techmantra4521]

I came back here to say thank you for helping me relieve stress about flying. I knew what most of the noises meant. I didn't expect the g-forces, even though I knew there would be a lot. I have now fallen in love with it! I even enjoy the natural turbulence. It is relaxing. (most of the time)

[@blake.crosby]

Maybe you can do a followup video about runways in the north? Where they use true headings instead of magnetic. (Denoted on charts as °T)

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Yes that´s the plan :)

[@lels3618]

Why is the sound quality of airplain radio so bad?

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

I know what you mean, but it´s much better wearing a headset. Greetings Joe

[@smilemore173]

Captain Joe To be honest I understand nothing as I am just 14 year old passionate about being a pilot but the financial position of our house keeps me back..... :(

[@-SUM1-]

I've worn a plane headset, and the only good things about it are that it blocks out the sound and the volume is higher. Even if the audio is fully readable, it's still poor audio quality.

[@danielrose1392]

Many radio recordings we get to hear in media are created by amateurs, often using old and cheap equipment. Few month ago I heard different recordings from an incident of a small non commercial plane which lost navigation and a commercial pilot who saw him and assisted. I had to listen to the amateur recording multiple times to understand it. The same recording from the chesna very noisy but I had no problems to understand it and the recording from the commercial airliner was even better.

[@dyzio2206]

because this is what the radio sounds like.. in transatlantic flights they use hf frequencies (close to what ham radio amateurs use) in order to communicate and it is far worse... all static and you can barely hear anything..

[@jimmy6223]

Great stuff Joe, wonderful learning experience, keep up the good work!

[@jpalmer999]

Very good video as always. Even knowing most of the stuff in this one by heart, it is still good to watch basic concepts to make sure you haven't forgotten anything. Really looking forward to the ILS video as that is one concept I still struggle with a bit. Keep up the great work :D

[@thomasreed8710]

could you explain all the stripes on the runway​ tuvm

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

That´s a great question Thomas, I´ll see what I can do!

[@TheRealPlato]

thx ive wondered this too. my guess is "target touchdown zone"

[@Bellman84]

Thomas Reed A precision approach runway will have the following markings on the runway. 1. Designation (Numbers) 2. Centerline 3. Edge markings 4. Threshold bar 5 Threshold markings 6. Aiming point 7. Touchdown zone 8. If needed a Demarcation.

[@user-ky6vw5up9m]

The threshold stripes are nicknamed The Piano Keys

[@mailvenkatesh]

Right!! That’s to cross the runway by walk...

[@kamaranskie7843]

Joe can you tell us about Long haul flights where do pilots sleep? Do they sleep in just their chair or is there a bed?

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Great question!

[@Bellman84]

Kamaranskie On some aircraft there are crew rest areas. Little four bed units for the flight crew to get some shut eye.

[@xtazyxxx3487]

Kamaranskie i dont know for others but i think delta airlines pull their passenger from their seats and put the flight crew to sleep there XD.

[@lewisbarzola4926]

some planes like the 787 dreamliner have a cockpit rest area. same for flight attendants. others you have to stay inthe chair, but i think some recline

[@bernieweber4663]

There is a rest stop in the sky where pilots are switched out. No passengers are aware of this as it's a big secret amongst the crews. They don't actually stop per se but kinda push them out going about 100 knots and they bounce off mattresses. The new crew has to use bed sheets tied in knots to catch a hook trailing from the tail section. They then climb up and thru the APU door. If a passenger asks what the crew is doing as they walk thru the aft bulkhead the crews are instructed to say "Go back to sleep, we'll be landing shortly".

[@taeyeonkim3626]

What an educating channel you have capt! Thank you so much

[@racpa5]

Thanks Captain Joe. Not a pilot myself, but I appreciate learning from anyone willing to share.

[@GothaRsk]

Captain Joe is so cool, I am a pilot, I know meaning of runway numbers and letters and I still watched the whole video

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Thank you very much for your support dear colleague !

[@retepaskab]

runway tree? sounds painful.

[@jukajoj2400]

Thats the way its said over radio so its not confused with other words. This is also the reason why 9 is said ninER

[@MarkusM521]

That's how Radio Phraseology works. You say tree instead of three, and niner instead of nine. comes probably from old days where radio communication was not so good. And it works better with non native English people with an hard accent.

[@elcastorgrande]

You'll hear German speakers saying "ein tzvo drei" rather than "ein zwei drei" for clarity.

[@dyzio2206]

actualy it is that plus the fact that numbers have to be clear for every one... ie in germany "NO" is nein which sounds exactly like 9 in english.. so the number 9 is spelled nin-er to make it clear. joe is a pilot and so he is used to speak the numbers in icao pronounciation.. a lot of aviation enthusiasts speak numbers in that fasion because it is more understandable..

[@MAUTxxx]

8 can also be pronounced "AYT"/"AIGHT" in ICAO english. Learned that the hard way after mistaking "1008" for "1005" from an unclear transmission from ATIS.

[@DevInvest]

That was spot on! Thanks Captain!

[@mendaliv]

They had to renumber a runway at Chicago O'Hare a few years back due to magnetic drift as well. They also dropped the left/right designation at the same time because the parallel runway was permanently closed as part of an attempt to decrease congestion.

[@zachbarker5354]

Yes love the ending music! (anybody know the name)?

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Yes, Joakim Karud - Wish you where here

[@zachbarker5354]

Captain Joe Thx Captian Joe! Appreciate it! Keep up the good work.

[@Mark-md9pe]

How about a video on the airbus autopilot/flight director?

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

In the Making!

[@enginear4973]

It's very simple in general terms, FD is the "brain" of the flight management system that takes into account every parameter of flight provided by the computers, while autopilot is the "muscle" moving the control surfaces. The "muscle" in takeoff and landing is almost always the pilot, as autopilot is disengaged. Sometimes there is the additional FD disengagement to allow the pilot to be also the "brain". PS: I am just an aviation enthusiast, not even close to an aviation related job. Joe will surely give an amazing and more valid explanation. :)

[@VishrutSundararajan]

This is your most informative video so far!! Runway markings were something that have always baffled me!!

[@gooner72]

Another great video CJ, top job mate!

[@MrBrown78]

So captain joe does that mean there could be a couple runway 05's right? Because if one is at 54 degrees and another at 53 and another at 52 won't there be three runways with the same number already?

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Correct!

[@josephgurgui8686]

And then they would be labeled RWY 05L, RWY 05C, and RWY 05R, but you wouldn't know from that which RWY is heading 052. 053, or 054 Edit: BC they all round to 050 so they would just be 05. Only the number indicates heading; the letters show the location in relation to parallel runways

[@patrikohman4617]

As you saw in the video, there is published charts for every runway that tells the final approach course. You tell the final approach courses from the published charts, not from the runway designation alone. But how to correctly read all the information off a published approach chart is another lesson all together :)

[@lazytv363]

so cool never know that a letter on a runway could mean something

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Happy I was of some help :)

[@macjonte]

You just thought someone print them for fun? ;)

[@justinetakaendesa6891]

You're so gifted Captain Joe👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@oldlahore1857]

Joe, your videos are marvellous, superb!! I watch them regularly and with deep interest. The way you explain the stuff is very good. I've learned a lot from your video. Wish you best of luck. Hope to fly with you some day!!

[@danielscarreview2059]

can you tell us what and when do pilots eat when they are in the air?

[@retepaskab]

Do pilots eat soup?

[@lamyz955]

Ajinkya Pathania that's interesting! Is it to prevent both pilots of becoming sick, due to an possible food Intoxication?

[@sidewinder666666]

+Kasra Mehr Yes, that's exactly the reason, possible food poisoning.

[@guamdronevids7572]

AviationGuy787 they drink coffee that's for sure

[@user-po6hn9id1t]

whatever the menu has, and that's why I always see Aegean pilots with permanent smile (also some time ago, some pilots and cabin crew, [I think it was from the yellow Tui] gone out of the airport [LGIR] and got gyros)

[@ossamaabdelbary]

what is the difference between ILS Y and Z ...??

[@alexlowl1642]

Ossama Abdelbary It's the same approach but other missed approach prodecures for example.

[@ZaBaHD]

different minimums and missed approach procedures

[@maiksir73]

ZabaHD already mentioned it. its pretty much the same approach, with the same heading and the same glideslope. most of the time the only difference between the versions is the decision altitude and the missed approach procedure. sometimes there are differences for heavy aircraft. so an a380 might have a different missed approach procedure than an a320 or b737. btw, if there are several approaches, z is always the oldest one. if a new one gets added it will be named y, then x , then w and so on..

[@Jeremyzth]

if i remember correctly, they are basically same approach but with different procedures. and to save time and avoid confusion for pilots and controllers, they just give them a symbol e.g. x, y ,z

[@moacyrjetpilot]

Basically, it's an approach procedure that share the same frequency (i.e. VOR, ILS, NDB...) but have (not as a rule!) different checking points (IAF, FAF....) and altitudes for crossing them so that every single IAL Charts is unique; also as mentioned, different DA, MDA and Missed Approach procedures might be issued, which makes Briefings very important! Good flights for all!

[@jagroshansingh6506]

was waiting for this since long, thanks Jo!

[@thepog_]

2:45 YOOO THAT ACCENT WHEN HE SAID "three" SOUNDS INSANE ITS JUST SO BEAUTIFUL

[@GermanPerfectionist]

Tree?

[@Barabyk]

Yup. Niner, tree and fower, that's how radio comm books tell us :

[@_TeXoN_]

Just imagine an asian pilot spelling "th". You get so many missspellings that you better all say "tree".

[@JaeArk]

zeero, wun, two, tree, tower, fife, six, seven, eight, niner

[@JaeArk]

fower* not tower*

[@Barabyk]

JaeArk Os-cah, pa-Paa :D

[@atefomran1]

like before watching

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Thank you :)

[@user-eo8zu2hg1e]

Thank you so much for your explanation, Capt! Have a good day!

[@pabloarvelo5969]

Short and sweet. Awesome video.

[@shahflights]

Did they run out of paint? xD Nice One 1:44

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Glad you liked that :)

[@sidgurjar]

I guess if the magnetic poles change, it should affect all the airports in the world. So, why did only Stansted change its markings?

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Absolutely correct, Stansted was one of many airports over time :)

[@scarcatch]

Danke für diese Lektion!

[@PalashMehta]

love the fact that Joe makes these videos comprehensive which make them immersive.

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Thanks :) Was fun making it ;)

[@HomebaseLHR]

"A bad look for London Stansted" Well, Stansted sucks. LHR/EGLL ftw!

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

True, LHR rocks :)

[@ianreal4829]

xD

[@WhyGoThere]

Why do pilots pronounce 3 tree?

[@shi01]

It's easier to understand on the radio. Especially If you have a lot of static interference on the radio an f or th can be quite hard to hear.

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Check my video about the Pilots Alphabet!

[@debasishraychawdhuri]

You are the best when it comes to explaining stuff. What I learned is that it is not a good idea to build too many parallel runways.

[@minhazkhan5142]

So neatly explained!! Thanks joe!

[@lionelmessigician194]

Your amazing man I wanted this vdo..plzzz reply

[@henrywoodcraft8724]

Runway tre tre

[@HarshModi-vy8dx]

I already knew about the naming, still watched the video. Your explanations are really excellent and it feels good to see your video @Captain Joe

[@peterwilliams7641]

Another excellent video. Thanks Captain Joe.

[@UKaviationspotter123]

Thanks for for answering my question, really appreciated a lot. 😃

[@johhsee5229]

you are truly my inspiration keep up the good work.

[@micheni734]

Thanks Captain. Your explanations are clear and to the point.

[@janemccourt5022]

Wow!! That was so interesting!! Thank you. I hope you go into pilot training one day. You explain things so clearly. xx

[@jamesdunn3864]

Thanks so much for these informative videos, Despite being a pilot of many years standing, I always hear something new from you!

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Dear colleague, such words mean a lot to me, thank you very much for your support!

[@billymcnutt116]

Thank you "Captain" Joe for this video. Very informative as usual.

[@BradleyMorrisYT]

I love your videos! Such an inspiration

[@ivanbratanov8699]

Very useful topic, I didn't know that the runway's numbers are set with magnetic azimuth. I was thinking that the numbers and letters are randomly selected. Thanks, Captain, it helped me a lot.....!

[@jacobmillion7545]

Once again, a great video Captain Joe!

[@robinshould3366]

Absolutely perfect. Explained perfectly and for this reason I now subscribe. Looking forward to more videos "Captain".

[@bigtone718]

incredibly informative!great job!!

[@quickfairscoiltech410]

This and your other videos are very well made! Congratulations. I am looking forward to seeing the next ones (even though I am not and I well never be a pilot). Keep the effort!

[@udeeshasg]

Keep up your good work Joe. Love your videos

[@flywithcaptainjoe]

Thanks, appreciate your support!

[@seandones1943]

Thankyou Cap. Joe for sharing the knowledge soon I will be entering this career!

[@fakenamerealperson7809]

@Captain Joe,These videos are really useful. They're really helping me, thanks!

[@mohammedalsharif1737]

Very informative ! thanks a lot Captain!

[@claudiuem9760]

Awesome job by Cpt.Joe! Keep it up, sir.

[@me-un4jl]

Nice work! Very thorough. I always find myself asking "but what about this scenario" right before you answer it. Subscribed!

[@prabathrathnamalala7064]

Thanks for your information and efforts captain joe...Cheers

[@tiyanibaloyi7695]

Nice video Joe, thanks for the knowledge you are sharing with us

[@khalidshafie4572]

Best aviation teacher u deserve alot of subscribers tnx cpt joe

[@tradjazzer]

great information by you Joe, thanks

[@JayDS509]

Another informative video...many thanks!!!

[@ulisesgonzalezhorta7197]

Nice video, thank you for your time!!!

[@ahmadalkhader2362]

i really loved it finally i knew why they are giving these numbers for the runways thanks a lot captain wish you all the best

[@pissanukongsa-4715]

Thank you so much ,CAPT.

[@iwiIInotreply]

Was looking for help with the runway numbers, thanks Captain.

[@AlexanderG64]

Super informative, thanks!

[@tedz2usa]

I enjoyed this video a lot! Thank you

[@johari6650]

Your talent in explaining things is amazing

[@Brillemeister]

It all makes sense now! Atlanta (my nearest large airport) has two pairs of parallel runways (08/26 L/R)/(09/27 L/R) and a newer one (10/28) that was built off to the south (this one is partially a bridge over the highway!)

[@user-ky6vw5up9m]

The white runway paint is retro-reflective. It gathers the aircraft’s emitted light and returns it straight back to the aircraft for maximum conspicuity. It does with with tiny glass beads called ballotini.