The Destructive Power of the Lionfish | Alien Ocean

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Video Credits:
FWC Saltwater Fishing - Lionfish Removal: Pensacola Pyramids: • Lionfish Removal: Pens...
LakeHickoryScuba - How To De-Spine A Lionfish: • How To De-Spine A Lion...
Albins, M. A., & Lyons, P. J. (2012). Invasive red lionfish Pterois volitans blow directed jets of water at prey fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 448, 1-5.
Sources:
Rizzari, J. R., & Lönnstedt, O. M. (2014). Cooperative hunting and gregarious behaviour in the zebra lionfish, Dendrochirus zebra. Marine Biodiversity, 44(4), 467-468.
Fishelson, L. (1975). Ethology and reproduction of pteroid fishes found in the gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), especially Dendrochirus brachypterus (Cuvier),(Pteroidae, Teleostei).[Conference paper]. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica, Napoli.
Galloway, K. A., & Porter, M. E. (2019). Mechanical properties of the venomous spines of Pterois volitans and morphology among lionfish species. Journal of Experimental Biology, 222(6), jeb197905.
Vetrano, S. J., Lebowitz, J. B., & Marcus, S. (2002). Lionfish envenomation. The Journal of emergency medicine, 23(4), 379-382.
Vanden Berghe, E., Martinez, O., & Bailly, N (2004, June 6). Pterois. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from www.marinespecies.org/aphia.p...
US Fish and Wildlife Services (n.d.). Invasive Species. Retrieved October 23, 2022 from www.fws.gov/program/invasive-...
Côté, I. M., & Smith, N. S. (2018). The lionfish Pterois sp. invasion: Has the worst‐case scenario come to pass?. Journal of Fish Biology, 92(3), 660-689.
Albins, M. A. (2013). Effects of invasive Pacific red lionfish Pterois volitans versus a native predator on Bahamian coral-reef fish communities. Biological Invasions, 15(1), 29-43.
Lönnstedt, O. M., Ferrari, M. C., & Chivers, D. P. (2014). Lionfish predators use flared fin displays to initiate cooperative hunting. Biology letters, 10(6), 20140281.

[@OctopusLady]

EDIT: HEY. ARE YOU ABOUT TO LEAVE A COMMENT EXPLAINING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VENOM AND POISON? Well. Stop. Don't do that. I am now fully aware of the difference between them, as addressed here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/g2GWkKCshNRqb8k Uh oh. Um. Y'all. I-I dunno what happened, but -- hey stop that! -- but there are a bunch of lionfish -- DON'T EAT THAT! THAT'S NOT FOR YOU! -- there are a bunch of lionfish taking over my Patreon right now! Help! Can someone help me get rid of them? www.patreon.com/theoctopuslady OH NO THEY'VE SPREAD TO MY TWITTER ACCOUNT, TOO! AUGH! THEY'RE EATING ALL MY TWEETS! twitter.com/theoctopuslady

[@InfinityOrNone]

You didn't find a name for the lionfish's toxins because their venom is (like that of most venomous creatures I'm familiar with) a complex cocktail of high molecular weight proteins and enzymes. So you can't just list it as a single chemical, and the chemicals themselves have rather long formulae and names, so trying to read off their full names and formulae would be well and truly beyond the ability of any TTS pronunciation aid.

[@ramonsanchez6903]

Lionfish their can't used for naming the toxin we could guess maybe?

[@crusher9z9]

You can in fact eat a king cobra snake venom is usually not poisonous.

[@crusher9z9]

If you have an ulcer it will kill you though.

[@Kai-lg8ib]

FDA calls lionfish toxin ciguatera.

[@thewiredfisherman7139]

They dislike the lionfish so much they believe it doesn't deserve the right to have its venom be named

[@JackDesert]

Perhaps each variety has a different chemical make up but has near identical effects. So instead of tracking Hydrophenicide, Hypefenitaliic acid, ogreonionofide, etc. It's all lionfish venom. (Yes all the toxins I named are randomly made up except for the third. XD

[@timallen7162]

I believe it's because their venom is nearly identical to cobra venom

[@fuckYTIDontWantToUseMyRealName]

@@timallen7162 LOL WHAT? No. Here, I'll just copy-past for you: Lionfish venom is primarily composed of heat-labile proteins and peptides, including neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and enzymes. These toxins are injected into their prey or potential threats through the spines located on their fins. Lionfish venom causes intense pain, swelling, and can lead to systemic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness. It is not typically fatal to humans unless there is an allergic reaction or secondary complications. On the other hand, cobra venom is a complex mixture of proteins, enzymes, peptides, and other bioactive components. Cobras inject venom through their fangs when biting. Cobra venom contains potent neurotoxins, such as alpha-neurotoxins and cardiotoxins, which affect the nervous system and cardiovascular system. The effects of cobra venom can vary depending on the specific species, but they often include respiratory paralysis, cardiac arrest, and potentially death if not promptly treated.

[@timallen7162]

@@fuckYTIDontWantToUseMyRealName my bad ig the article I read was wrong

[@JackieOwl94]

I hate lion fish purely because it took over my shore in the SE USA.

[@Cdre_Satori]

I love the sharks at 14:28 because thats essentially domestication of wolves. Lazy ass predator learns that if he leads dumb monke to the meat, dumb monke will expend energy and share. :D So sharks are seadogs :D And they didn't name the poison because its just for Cuzco.

[@Nilns]

The poison for Kuzco The poison chosen specially to kill Kuzco Kuzco's poison All in favor of naming Lionfish venom Kuzco's poison?

[@BurningSunBloodyMoon]

Very appropriate, since sharks were actually known as "sea dogs" up until the 1500s!

[@Parhel1on]

Oh yeah, it’s all coming together…

[@alinenakayama6875]

the shark booping the spear animation is so precious

[@blazingtrs6348]

sharks are just fish dogs (literally)

[@cuckoophendula8211]

I also liked the part with shaming the lazy obese shark on the couch

[@asherager6689]

Hey I got curious about snakes being poisonous as well as venomous so I did some research and it turns out you can drink snake venom and be alright mostly. Their venom is proteins and enzymes that interact directly with your blood. Drinking it exposes it to hcl in the stomach which denatures most proteins. I’m sure you could still absorb some through mucous membranes, but not a whole lot. Hope you found it interesting too !

[@globalgeode4363]

litterally was just about to comment on this, it's so funny how crazy dangerous proteins can be broken down so easy!

[@voyagingwithvincent1994]

It only affects the person who is drinking it if it encounters an open wound leading to the circulatory system.

[@Rathmun]

Theoretically you could also have some substance which only becomes toxic when exposed to HCL, which would make it usable as a poison but not as a venom. I don't _know_ of any, but it should be possible.

[@rydz656]

Not really.

[@quitethenon-binaryfuss8596]

YO THAT IS SO WILD WTH ???

[@crsmith6226]

I know this is old but @3:50 , no. You can indeed drink many snake venoms and be fine, UNLESS you have an ulcer. The venom needs to physically enter the bloodstream and your body is generally very good at keeping things from the gut away from the blood for this reason.

[@jasminecluney1769]

Thank you! Also there are actual venomous AND poisonous snakes. There is the Japanese grass snake that has both its own form of mild venom AND feeds on poisonous toads in the wild and can repurpose the toads venom for self defense. Basically they have a gland that sequesters the toad poison and they can excrete it on their neck behind their head when threatened! Very cool!

[@acceptingcat]

Yes thank you

[@raeraebadfingers]

Huh, I did not know that. That's super cool.

[@cuddlebeargames2883]

My old marine biology teacher was apart of a group of scuba pros that did the whole spearfishing the lionfish thing. She said it made her sad because she knew that it wasn't their fault, just their nature, but she helped out regardless. Never mentioned shark feeding though that would be cool.

[@jamzee_]

My old biology teacher would go off the coast and try net fishing them. And for some dumb reason, one day he took a shotgun with him. He shot fish. I dont know why you would, but he did, and it was funny the way he described it. He apparently shot five of them in the net.

[@neolexiousneolexian6079]

​@@jamzee_ The incompressibility of water and its high speed of sound means that a sudden shock like a nearby bullet impact should basically immediately kill submerged fish, by rupturing their swim bladders and other vital organs. The risk of collateral damage would be high- Ever heard of blast fishing?- But I guess it could be humane if done carefully.

[@jamzee_]

@@neolexiousneolexian6079 he would raise the net and shoot them in it. Or at least thats how he described it.

[@uncroppedsoop]

@@jamzee_ makes a lot more sense because bullets fired through water break after traveling a few feet through it

[@iusethisnameformygoogleacc1013]

Sadly, there's no evidence that sharks 'trained' like that actually eat lionfish on their own later, but there's a lot to support the idea that it habituates sharks to humans and makes them associate humans with food.

[@OlyChickenGuy]

It always amazes me to hear stories about how intelligent and social sharks can be. That bit about leading scuba divers to lionfish to be fed was just too cute.

[@SonsOfSauron]

To my understanding venom needs to make it into your bloodstream directly to have an effect, so you could drink snake venom and probably be okay, but as Clint's Reptiles says: that's the worst way to find out you have a stomach ulcer. (Poison, on the other hand, needs to be ingested or absorbed through the skin.)

[@rosiepone]

this is it, the real difference is that poison can be absorbed through tissue and venom needs to be introduced into the bloodstream

[@trit2251]

You can drink venom and it will do mostly nothing depending on the venom. If poison gets past you skin you will have a bad time

[@lukewellfire9747]

I can't be the only one who thinks it's so ADORABLE that the sharks just...tap their head against the hunter's spear to lead them to a nearby lion fish they wanna eat. "Tap tap. Hey! Hey there! Come kill this thing for me! NOM NOM"

[@lasercraft32]

In the shark's defense... they don't have long pokey spears or opposable thumbs to let them spear the lion fish hiding within the reefs. So I wouldn't say they're _entirely_ lazy... just _somewhat_ lazy.

[@spacecowboycade]

I dont know if someone has said this, and you probably don't care. But if I recall correctly, the difference between venomous and poisonous is like you said, however the reason eating a venomous animal wouldn't kill you is because venom needs to enter the bloodstream directly rather than being digested. However it could still get in by like a cut in your mouth or ulcers in your stomach or some other open sore.

[@virilcyril8954]

thank you

[@kylepessell1350]

I remember doing an entire paper on Lionfish (their venom specifically) in my freshman year of college for an introductory biology class. I did end up finding the structure and name of the molecule but I also found it was rather complicated.

[@johnalexchr]

Will you be sharing the name too?

[@WhaleSteaks]

​@@johnalexchr Google says this, ciguatoxin, is the toxin used by Lionfish. It could be wrong though

[@SilverStraw]

@@johnalexchrdef not ciguatoxin

[@SerpenTxxxLion]

The most likely reason for lionfish to be present in the mediterranean sea is the Suez canal. We built a new route linking the indian ocean to the mediterranean sea and they just used it along the boats. Random fact : lionfish are called "rascasses volantes" in French - from the old patois word "rascas" (in Occitan) - which roughly translates to "flying tenacious fish" or "flying scabby fish".

[@PyroTurk]

The part about the sharks really makes me think about the domestication of cats.

[@AlexIsOffline]

I've said it before but I'll say it again, your channel has become one of my favorites. Pacing, editing, script, everything is just 👌 I've been looking forward to this video so much! Lionfish were one of my favorites as a kid, only losing to Clownfish. I think a part of my love for them is definitey because of their name, as in Swedish they're actually called "Dragonfish"!

[@mokseee]

In Germany we call them Firefish. I remember seeing one in Egypt when I was a kid, who was obsessed with diving. I knew that it was like somewhat poisonous, but that was it, so I didn't really hesitate to swim around it and get really close to have a good look at it

[@MarkN51]

From what little research I was able to do (not being a biologist, pharmacologist, or toxicologist), the impression I got is that you couldn't find the name of the toxin because nobody's figured out what it is yet. I found some references to papers describing bits and pieces of what the toxin does, and some possible mechanisms for part of it, which sounds like they're still putting the puzzle together.

[@Bunny-ns5ni]

"Invasive species aren't inherently evil, they're just in the wrong place" -David Lodge

[@ensokoth4670]

Commenting on the poisonous vs venomous part- if you eat something that is poisonous youre definitely not going to be doing well, if you eat something that's venomous as long as you don't eat the part with the venom you should be fine. I know the example you used was eating a cobra- theres areas of the US where eating rattlesnakes is reasonably common. In fact one of the ways the people of found to combat the invasiveness of lionfish is eating them. They're supposed to be a very tender and mild fish- sharks watched divers hunting lionfish and learned that they can be eaten as long as one avoids the spines and have started hunting lionfish as well.

[@lordwillibur438]

Omg when you told about the shark booping their noses against the spear I was just like "Awwwe!" Out loud, omg that sounds adorable xD

[@anthonytonythegeek5561]

The sharks bumping the spears of the divers is cool, I’d wanna see a vid of some shark species, like the cookie cutters or even the goblin shark or even the rat-fish

[@aarondruckmiller8174]

Hey awesome video, I’m a meteorologist and sure I could learn about my field all day, but I love learning about other peoples fields of study as well and your videos make it so easy to do so. Keep up the awesome work!

[@leaflizard8485]

It’s adorable that Sharks are like “hey dude. Do you mind getting this fish for me? Please and thank you”

[@SmallAngryNerd]

Sharks poking humans and leading them to lionfish is so cute. It's like a dog begging for treats.

[@WowUrFcknHxC]

Some venoms are poisonous, but the vast majority are not. If you drank most venoms you would be fine as long as you don't have an open wound in your esophagus or stomach. Since most venoms are modified saliva, they are mostly proteins that are denatured by your stomach acid.

[@SteinGauslaaStrindhaug]

I was familiar with "pallor" as it's one of the words my mom who is a doctor regularly say in Latin for some reason. I also learned the list "calor, dolor, rubor, tumor et functio laesa" (heat, pain, redness, swelling and reduced functioning) which is the 5 signs of inflammation; which she also says regularly enough that I learned it. (Also helps that the first 4 things rhyme)

[@cameronbrown7231]

As an aerospace engineer and lover of all things above, I have very little knowledge of the things below. Glad to have found this channel which explains things so well.

[@dragonofspades2837]

not the sharks trying to get humans to feed them lionfish like giving dogs a treat, I love it 😂😂

[@Mal-Function4]

When I was in Egypt in Sharm El Sheikh at the Ras Mohammed reef, they did something similar to the spearing, they'd give us the choice between a hook for Crown of Thorns sea stars (they eat corals at an alarming rate) or a four-pronged spear very similar to the one in the video,and told us to catch any of the chosen prey it was honestly really interesting how widespread they were... i was mostly there to get the certificates there, and for recreation as well, but the ecology was super interesting, because the local officials weren't yet entirely sure what actually hunts the Lionfish at all (as of 2013) also in more populated areas like Hurghada, the Urchins were fished heavily but their numbers seemed resistant to hunting, similar to lionfish in some areas, by virtue of increased fecundity in surviving sexually mature in case numbers decrease around them (less competition most likely) there was a theory also set up that more targeted hunting in certain areas might cause inbreeding which might leed to infertility down the line, but that was dropped when lionfish populations just moved in to the now vacant lots and bridged the gap to other populations easily... still funny to me that they literally tried to dig a lionfish-fire-trench also, (insert a lionfish singing "how ba-a-a-ad can i be? i'm just doing what comes naturally!")

[@SalviAlmighty]

That shark story is absolutely bonkers to me! Also I had no idea how detrimental these little guys were to the environment D:

[@left4twenty]

With fair number of venomous things, the venom isn't any one toxic element, but rather a cocktail of chemicals that each play one role in the overall effect of the venom, this is the case with lionfish venom. It contains chemicals we recognize from other venoms, but with somewhat different structures in some, achieving a similar but not identical effect, making it hard to start any one chemical in the cocktail is the "definitive lionfish venom chemical" like with other animals. It would be like mixing many kinds of soda into a single cup, and then calling it "OctopusCola"

[@parmesanzero7678]

The sharks telling the hunters to spear fish for them reminds me of a dog nosing at you when it wants something.

[@j.a.kbrown9395]

As a future zoologist/marine biologist(or even both), I want to say that no matter if a creature(animal, plant, fungi, etc) is invasive or not, it shouldn’t stop scientific progress and the studying of it. None of these creatures(lion fish included) deserve to have research interrupted based on negative feelings surrounding them. Knowledge plays a key role in solving issues and even if knowing when they first appeared doesn’t help a current problem doesn’t mean that information isn’t valuable. Side note: If by some chance you see this, I’d like to say I very deeply love your content and the way you make videos. It’s educational, entertaining, and comforting on some level. Thank you for expanding my interest to the odd creatures of this world and I hope you start/continue to feel better based on what was shared in your newest video. Come back when it’s good for you not us 💜💜

[@sachsoup]

THOSE SHARKS OMG... i love sharks sm just imagine sharks booping ur spear and then lead u to lionfish... that's so cute :(((

[@monaplysia2853]

Oh gosh, this is now just the second video i've seen of yours and i love it so much! Thank you for making these really interesting videos and talking about the fascinating sea life!

[@RichieG]

I asked ChatGPT about the oldest Lionfish fossils found. Here is her response: ChatGPT: The earliest known lionfish fossil dates back to the Eocene epoch, which occurred approximately 56 to 33.9 million years ago. The specific time period within the Eocene in which the fossil was discovered varies depending on the location. Lionfish fossils have been found in different parts of the world, including Europe, North America, and Asia. It's important to note that the fossil record is continually being updated as new discoveries are made, so there is always a possibility of finding older lionfish fossils in the future. The earliest known lionfish fossil dates back to the Eocene epoch, which occurred approximately 56 to 33.9 million years ago. This fossil was discovered in Monte Bolca, a well-known fossil site in northeastern Italy. The species identified from this fossil is named Pterois elegans. It is believed to be an ancestor of the modern-day lionfish species found in the Indo-Pacific region. ME: Please cite sources ChatGPT: I apologize for the lack of specific sources, as my training data only goes up until September 2021 and I do not have direct access to external references. However, I can provide you with general information about the earliest lionfish fossil that is widely accepted in the scientific community. 1. The information regarding the earliest lionfish fossil and its discovery in Monte Bolca, Italy, can be found in various scientific papers and publications. Some potential sources you can explore for more detailed information on the topic include: 2. Bannikov, A. F., Carnevale, G., & Tyler, J. C. (2009). Redescription of †Pterois elegans (Scorpaeniformes: Pteroidei) from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy, with discussion of †Pteroidoa and relationships of †Zancluridae. Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca, XV-2008, 37-48. 3. Carnevale, G., Bannikov, A. F., Marramà, G., & Tyler, J. C. (2014). The Pterois (Pisces, Scorpaeniformes) from the late Miocene of the Mediterranean region, with description of a new species. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34(1), 144-155. These papers discuss the discovery of various lionfish fossils in Monte Bolca, including the species Pterois elegans, which is considered one of the earliest known lionfish fossils. Please note that these references are based on general knowledge about lionfish fossils, and there may be more recent studies or discoveries related to this topic.

[@astick5249]

huh i don't know why but calling ChatGPT a "her" kinda matches

[@guairescp6847]

Chat gpt is not to be trusted, it doesnt actually know anything, it is just able to create truth-shaped sentences

[@MinhyuksMoon]

I'm so thankful for this video cause I've been gone through videos and videos about lionfishes trying to learn about their behavior, making and hunting and this is the only video that gave any answers to that. SO HUGE THANK YOU. Also loved the graphics

[@altega]

the sharks showing divers where lionfish are is SO CUTE 😭 I LOVE SHARKS MAN

[@umbrellatime]

After some research, apparently in the state of Florida you don’t need a license to hunt lionfish with a spear so as a local I am VERY excited to hopefully go hunting sometime this summer

[@benmcreynolds8581]

I'm so excited to see another upload from you. Your channel is one of the coolest science/biology stuff for me to geek out on and nerd over. It's the coolest stuff ever. Your content rocks!

[@jonmagram]

when is the octopus lady going to do a longform playthrough of the hit The Learning Company DOS game from 1991, "Operation: Neptune"??

[@riohudson9612]

something I recalled while watching this was a girl named Lauren Arrington, about 12 years old at the time, who made a super foreboding discovery that lionfish can survive in freshwater and have the potential to invade and displace rivers and lakes along with the ocean.

[@THExPOPEXIX]

all the lil drawings are amazing nice job brian

[@PCrailfan3790]

I just found you channel one day and now I’m addicted I love your humor the algorithm works in strange ways

[@M.Datura]

I love your editing. Just so much.

[@petersmythe6462]

It does matter whether an organism is poisonous or venomous for one particular reason: you can drink most venom and be fine, and injecting a poison is.. hard to say what it will do, but certainly a poisonous animal can't inject that poison. Poison and venom will necessarily be chemically different.

[@Dantalliumsolarium]

Okay but sharks knowing to ask the weirdo with a spear to kill the lion fish? Is awesome

[@twinphalanx4465]

Honestly that's really intelligent of the sharks to use a human as a tool to get food, essentially working less for more calories. That's really freaking cool

[@Heitorsla1]

Here in Brazil it is also an invasive species, a theory I also heard is that they came in water that cargo ships use to balance themselves, so when they release the water here they also release this fish that came in unintentionally.

[@christianhansen3590]

You have the most delightful humour! Such a joy to watch your videos😁

[@johnp9988]

I appreciate that your content is showing up in my JFY daily... Thank you for making education fun and sharing this part of you with the world. You rock and keep doing you! Also, THANK YOU AND THE TEAM for brightening my day :D

[@klaraworld2169]

I love your videos so much! Marine biology is so interesting to me but i don’t get to learn about it much since studying art. Thanks for giving me something to procrastinate on while learning about 19th century art and also have a new topic to learn about and share with my friends ☺️❤️

[@rockyteeth]

oh man, im always excited when you upload ^^

[@sweetiewolfgirl]

9:46 - 9:56 Other than #1 you just described humans. Even more apt.

[@eliswanson4195]

Can we just appreciate Octopus Lady admitting not knowing how say a bunch fancy science words? Also her relationship with the creatures she makes videos of are just so fun.

[@bricky-brikson9487]

3:47 Eating venomous snakes does NOT poison you! The venom of all snakes relies on getting into your bloodstream. Assuming you had no cuts/open wounds in your digestive tract (especially your esophagus) you could hypothetically drink a whole shot of snake venom and be fine. That's the big difference between poison and venom, generally speaking. The whole "getting into the bloodstream" part. Poison takes affect through ingestion (eating, inhaling, skin absorption), venom takes effect once it gets into your bloodstream (via bite or sting).

[@DavidCruickshank]

Your sense of humour is incredible! 😂

[@taliasmith5066]

I love your channel because I know I can always use it as a reliable source:)

[@inserthere2118]

Your voice brings me joy

[@Lord_Horker]

Really weird there are so many information gaps on lion fish considering how much attention they’ve received

[@lizb2637]

When I was at an aquarium in key west, someone giving a presentation told us a more likely theory of how they got here is commercial ships scooping them up accidentally as ballast and then dumping them here, rather than individual irresponsible pet owners releasing them one by one.

[@bunnykiller]

that may be possible if the ones pulled into the ballast tanks were hatchlings. The ballast water is "filtered" to keep animals from entering the tanks, the screen size is about 1/8" square. If the water wasnt filtered, eventually the tanks would become a 3' deep graveyard of rotting sea creatures.

[@owo4470]

Regarding venoms and Poisons, If I remember correctly, venoms are mostly alkaloids and proyeins ,which are usually neutralised and denatured by stomach acid so they wouldn't harm you. However, if it seeps into an internal wound ,you'll still be envenomated so it's not recommende to eat venomous creatures.

[@BionicleFreek99]

"Serving looks" has been added to my vocabulary!

[@THE_REDACTED]

I did some research on Lionfish venom myself, I was curious. All I seem to be able to find is this: The venom is a combination of a protein, a neuromuscular toxin and a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. I also discovered that "An antivenom has been developed, which may be used for serious systemic symptoms secondary to any Scorpaenidae species, although the antivenom is not recommended for typical lion fish stings." This means the proteins and the neurotoxin are indeed researched and lickely named, but do not seem to exist in publically accessible media.

[@jennyskipworth]

OMG i love your videos ❤️ they make me laugh, every time

[@hntrofdmads]

i was wondering about the fossil record so i checked and according to *Molecular phylogeny of the lionfish genera Dendrochirus and Pterois (Scorpaenidae, Pteroinae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences* (Kochzius et al. 2003) we just don't have a fossil record of lionfish (at least, as of 2003 which is the most recent mention of lionfish fossils i could find, so i don't know if anything new's come out in the last 20 years) like they just casually drop "Timing of divergence in P. miles and P. volitans is based on rates established for other fishes, because no fossil record of a lionfish for a calibration of the molecular clock is available." so i guess we just have no idea also sorry if i accidentally spammed your spam filter trying to link the paper 😔

[@Futt.Buckerson]

They taught the sharks to train you to feed them dinner. That's amazing.

[@ColinTimmins]

I love your work! =] 😊

[@Kroggnagch]

I wish you'd cover the flamboyant cuttlefish.. Awesome content, as per usual.

[@jasonhuofficial]

I love your animations!

[@paulsomething8]

13:38 I love your honesty here lmao

[@milkymoogod596]

Octopus wearing scuba diving gear is amazing.

[@sadpetko]

I love yor videos so much

[@sensualchocolate4928]

I love this channel.

[@lutetium2367]

these lionfish drawings should be put in a museum

[@richardletaw4068]

You are delightful!! Yay, Octopus Lady!!!

[@pjyoung191]

okay but sharks asking divers for food is so cute?? they're like little fish dogs, I love them

[@TheGobou77]

apparently there are sightings of groupers eating lionfish. so i guess they're starting to get a natural predator is those areas, even if they are odd sightings

[@zakugirl]

Love you Octopus Lady!

[@efbless]

Invasive species being on theme for Thanksgiving made me LMAO! Thank you 🙏

[@Zedigan]

My hypothesis is either 1. Their venom is a complex cocktail of lots of different toxins or 2. People are too busy researching how to control their numbers and "their venom kills stuff" is enough information for the time being

[@quitethenon-binaryfuss8596]

the way they hunt is actually so interesting! like I don't think you meantioned it but in one of the video examples you showed, the lionfish actually wiggled its dorsal spikes in an S line! Idk what it does ngl but it was cool to look at :3 I'm a new viewer so pardon me if you've actually did something similar to this already but I think it'd be incredibly interesting if you would do something like a "list of the weirdest hunting behavior of ___ species" etc. I'm sure there are more "creative hunters" like them out there but it's obviously just an idea I thought I'd share with you :3 I've been really enjoying your videos so far, since I found you this morning (the first video included my favorite jellyfish actually so I had to keep watching) and your content is great!

[@Iceflkn]

4:12 drew a blank? I'm proud of you for trying! 😁😎

[@pondersprocket2274]

Why does hunting lionfish and then feeding them to happily waiting sharks, who are *also* hunting the lionfish with you, sound like the *greatest* pastime?

[@victory8928]

Cause cute sharks

[@geekdivaherself]

Oh, wow... that idea went straight to my heart!

[@joshuatamilarasan9724]

I love these

[@PixelOverload]

3:40 nope, not usually, probably some edge cases out there but most venom is entirely digestible, so long as you don't have any open sores in your digestive track (which doesn't exactly make it less digestible, just lets it do w/e it normally does in your blood stream, but in your throat/stomach/w/e), some critters are both however

[@Feirgheim]

Shark bit was really cute

[@suvannath1631]

3:40 nope that fully depends on if u have any internal injuries in your digestive system as venom is mostly proteins and can be broken down and for it to come in effect it has to enter your bloodstream

[@magic8ball237]

That shark thing was sooo cute

[@nik4520]

You can actually drink many venoms, because they're not poisonous. A lot of snake venoms are often used for novelty cocktails and the like and ritual drinking ceremonies in some cultures

[@obviously-]

3:55 some venoms yes but its also sort of defined by which way it more effectively kills you I think? Cause a generally it takes a bigger venom dose to kill you if you swallow it vs it goes into your blood.

[@GlennBickford]

Is no one going to talk about how octopus lady comforts the lion fish about its toxic family dynamic like that was so funny and wholesome 😂❤

[@burnblast2774]

The poison/venom distinction is actually rather major. Indeed most venomous animals are perfectly edible. People eat rattlesnake all the time despite them being very venomous. Likewise, nobody is likely to die from handling a pufferfish, but take one bite and it's lights out for you.

[@iratami]

So from what I can find they may have verrucotoxin which is the venom found in Stonefish. and another variety is pteroisin venom which just means "lionfish venom" ardently sometimes called LTPs "Lionfish toxic proteins" though I can't find a conclusive singular name for said toxin

[@wrekced]

@Octopus lady: In Thailand, they eat king cobra as a delicacy. They eat the venom sacs too . The venom has an effect on the person who eats it. It causes altered sensations and other bodily changes.

[@FlaminTubbyToast]

I like that sharks are not willing to eat the lion fish. I don’t think it’s out of laziness but fear, and then taping the nose is a shark equivalent of saying “you first” when you have to go down to the basement.

[@tsume_akuma8321]

You forgot to add this video to the Alien Ocean playlist ❤

[@dykesmcgee3136]

my dad was an aquarist when i was a kid. i will never forget the way his hand swelled up after getting stung by a lion fish. it looked like a cartoon glove…

[@Rathmun]

14:42 And thus sharks begin the same road trod by wolves at the dawn of humanity.

[@youlostthegame.]

Never have I ever seen a greater representation for my anxiety and adhd stream of consciousness than that intro. I feel seen. Lol