Oldest Businessmen in History

[@KingsandGenerals]

Tomorrow is my birthday. Having this job is the best gift ever. Thank you for supporting us, we appreciate it so much!

[@hkarmy7526]

Happy birthday

[@lovernotafighter6444]

Well Happy birthday! 🎂🥳🎉🎈🎁🎊 I'm super glad that you have this job as well!😆Keep up the great work!

[@alisomea]

لطفا زیرنویس فارسی

[@georgeptolemy7260]

Happy Birthday

[@peemanjones2796]

Happy birthday friend

[@davidpeterson5647]

Interestingly, the translation on the tablets reads: "Why are we always wearing beards? The wet clay gets stuck in my beard and I hate that! Also, my etching utensil is about to bre-..."

[@juliuscornwallis9930]

Wait, is that where it leaves at?

[@johngallagher9151]

Hahaha

[@bishop6218]

A+ History nerd joke.

[@bishop6218]

@@trippiedizzy9243 Excuse me, but wtf are you talking about ?

[@Mrkabrat]

@@bishop6218 Ignore him, he's one of many that spam these kind of questions. I belive they are bots

[@auradzrts691]

I love this side of history, not just about conquerors and their wars. Keep making the videos on subject like this K&G!

[@jeffreyestahl]

Trade has built and destroyed more empires than anyone might imagine.

[@Josway37]

So ... you don't want to hear about just the Kings and Generals?

[@jeffreyestahl]

@@Josway37 Yeah, why not? History wasn't made by just the leaders of society. Indeed, without all the 'little people' usually in the background, those 'leaders' would have ended up being pretty useless - something a lot of people forget. The ideas only only 'great people' can drive society forward is a solidly debunked hypothesis called the "Great Man" theory, which purports that through competition between great people (or geniuses usually) society is moved forward. However, more recently it's understood that society is moved forward by a broad variety of factors, most important of which is the context created by the cooperation of all those people you rarely ever read about. I realized this a long time ago when I came to the conclusion that understanding the prevailing psychology of a culture's people determined what they did, so history is more a reaction to cultural context than singular acts of genius. In the end, it really makes studying history all the more interesting, or as I used to jokingly call it. 'Current Events of the Past'.

[@trippiedizzy9243]

@@jeffreyestahl Dude I know it's irrelevant But are there any Non-Ethnic ie mixed nation in Western Europe?

[@jeffreyestahl]

@@trippiedizzy9243 I suppose that depends on how you define it. England was invaded by everybody and his dog over roughly a 2000 year period from about 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. It's one reason the English is so messed up as a language. Today's France is a mixture of French, Brittanian, Iberbian, Roman, Provencal, and other cultures. Similarly, Greece, Turkey, Italy, and some others linguistically were a mash-up of cultures resulting in today's nations. E.g. Today's Italy is a mash-up of Roman, Etruscan, Celt, Gaulish, Greek, Byzantine, Visigoth, Goth, Lombard, Norse, Vandal, and Arabic cultures and languages. History shows repeatedly that people move, bring their cultures with them, and merge with the native cultures wherever they're moving; the result being a mixture of all the inputs. The idea of "Melting Pot" isn't a new concept. It's been around (and recorded) since the Bronze Age.

[@NYCfrankie]

Since the day taxes were invented people were trying to avoid them lol🤣

[@johntitor1256]

Taxes are like cooties that way.

[@jdyohe04]

Taxes are theft.

[@davedurnum6500]

@@jdyohe04 then go live in the woods and be 100% self reliant.

[@iamleoooo]

@@jdyohe04 you wouldnt get anything you have right now if not because of the taxes

[@illerac84]

@@jdyohe04 tHeFt

[@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319]

I am but a simple barbarian - I see "Bronze Age", I click and I like.

[@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319]

@@SimuLord Aye, same. What fascinates me the most is the very idea that our ancestors built great cities and established such complex trading relationships long before we even started working iron. It paints an entirely different picture from what a lot of people [especially in the movie industry] imagined the distant past.

[@bash10101]

What about the stone age

[@trippiedizzy9243]

@@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319 Dude I know it's irrelevant But are there any Non-Ethnic ie mixed nation in Western Europe?

[@trippiedizzy9243]

@@clvrswine Dude I know it's irrelevant But are there any Non-Ethnic ie mixed nation in Western Europe?

[@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319]

@@trippiedizzy9243 It's not my place to say. I'm a barbarian, not an anthropologist.

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

Polybius once stated: "Every political system has a source of corruption growing within it, from which it is inseparable. For kingship it is . . . tyranny, for aristocracy it is oligarchy, and for democracy it is government by brute force"

[@hiitsmyname6987]

@GoodGirlKate tyranny and oligarchy

[@zerosuitsamus2340]

@GoodGirlKate both tends to totalitarian. So Tyranny/ Dictatorship

[@hiitsmyname6987]

Isnt it that republics degrade to democracy

[@trippiedizzy9243]

@@juliantheapostate8295 Dude I know this is irrelevant But I have 3 questions 1) Is there a Non-Ethnic ie mixed nation in Western Europe? 2) The Nation, which was the nightmare of Asia in the First Age, and Europe in the Middle Ages. 3) First country to colonize America

[@kamranismayilzade3789]

This was re-stated in a little bit different form by Machiavelli in his "Prince" as well.

[@il967]

Fun fact: The Akkadian word Tamkarum, meaning merchant, shares a root the Arabic word Makr, meaning trickery and scamming. They both are derived from the proto-semitic root "M-K-R."

[@ericocccams5865]

damgar

[@abderrahimbenmoussa4359]

Which makes sense lol

[@aliqazilbash5231]

the modern day word called science, was actually a succession of the word, cunning

[@stevenv6463]

Is it also related to the Hebrew mucher meaning salesperson?

[@alexssander118]

Were the Akkadian semitic?

[@TheVicenteSilva]

Definitely the subject I want to see explored the most! Trade is that buzzword history books throw around but don't always dive deep. Great work as always!

[@jonbaxter2254]

Trade rocks

[@TheEvertw]

@@SimuLord "lessons that apply to today to be learned there" Which the EU has taken to heart, but some more barbaric states haven't.

[@trippiedizzy9243]

@@TheEvertw Dude I know this is irrelevant But I have 3 questions 1) Is there a Non-Ethnic ie mixed nation in Western Europe? 2) The Nation, which was the nightmare of Asia in the First Age, and Europe in the Middle Ages. 3) First country to colonize America

[@TheEvertw]

​@@trippiedizzy92431). Yes, plenty. Why do you think Europe has had so many wars? 2). Plenty of nations including Hungary, Morocco, Mongolia and Turkey. You'll have to be more specific. 3). Denmark via Greenland.

[@trippiedizzy9243]

@@TheEvertw The continuation of the Seljuk empire is the Ottoman empire. Modern Turks, the continuation of the Ottoman Empire? It's the first time I've heard that Turks are this strong

[@deron2203]

Love the economic videos just so fun to watch!

[@johntitor1256]

They really bring us closer to the past.

[@gnc9400]

One of the most eye-opening videos you've ever made. Knowing that before ancient Romans and Greeks there already existed an interconnected world is a thing, watching this video fleshing it out in such detail is another. Thank you for all your great work.

[@admiraltiberius1989]

I absolutely love videos about trade. Its so fascinating to me how interconnected the ancient world was. How goods and ideas moved around. Thank you for your amazing videos.

[@atacanbabayoglu8863]

To see the evidence with your own eyes, these tablets are in the Kayseri Arceological Museum. If you are planning to see the Capadocia, that place is very close to there.

[@pilomalik9696]

Assyrians today are a small marginalized christian minority that few people know about. thank you for bringing knowledge of our illustrious history to light. This Assyrian thanks you from the bottom of his heart.

[@jitadityabiswas7026]

Literelly this channel brings out history in such a fashion and with so much detail that it seems they have a time machine to go and see the past.....My fav history channel...Love from India

[@grimgoreironhide9985]

10 years ago I read a book about the Sumerians. One of the most profound things I learnt is how Corporations started from Temples. And how Homosexuals and Transvestites existed in those times as well. They also had a specific law if a Builder or Tradesmen built a house which collapsed and killed his clients, then his own son or child would executed.

[@olenickel6013]

It's in the code of Hammurabi. The legal principle laid down was "eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" and what's often lost in time is the understanding that this was a limitation on revenge, not (just) a harsh legal code. At a time when blood feuds between families were the norm, the law limited the amount of revenge one could exact to no more than the damage that had been suffered.

[@grimgoreironhide9985]

@@MbisonBalrog No. A transvestite is someone who wears clothes of the opposite gender. Such as a man wearing women's clothing and makeup to look like a woman.

[@grimgoreironhide9985]

@@serviusm9523 Becuase you don't hear any mention of it pre Classic Greek history. Especially not in the Middle East.

[@grimgoreironhide9985]

@@serviusm9523 Huh. Didn't know that.

[@podemosurss8316]

Calatrava must be relieved, if he was born in Sumer, he would have had his own children executed several times.

[@e84harrison77]

You guys rock history so hard. I just wished you guys included a bibliography so I could do further reading on the subjects.

[@kogaryu5558]

Agreed. From the Babylonians, I could see absence of continuity.

[@alexzandermorgan6019]

I love learning about the bronze age because it is so shrouded in mystery. Thank you for making this.

[@Mrkabrat]

"Ea-nasir has wares if you have coin" Ea-nasir, before swindling another costumer

[@MrShadowtruth]

A voices of the past reference nice!

[@alucard347]

What is the reference?

[@waplington]

You guys should do a video on the difference in technological development between bronze and iron age civilisations

[@ozgurozhan192]

At the end of a stressful and tiriding day, it is priceless to enjoy time traveling by Kings and Generals. Thank you so much.

[@anlilnaji8446]

Thanks for this video, greetings from ASHUR 🇮🇶🌹

[@classiclife7204]

Terrific stuff, and it's great seeing you guys really expanding how you approach history as well. Scholarly as well as fun. Continued success!

[@richteffekt]

In had the privilege of having to research on Kültepe/Kanesh during my Archaeology studies at uni on a few occasions. Thank you for bringing this astonishing site and the Old Assyrian trade to your channel. Great video. The karum (literally translating to "port" in Akkadian) was a kind of freeport secured by a contract between the local ruler and the Assyrian king. It was explicitly not subject to local legislation and cult practice. The Assyrian traders were the only ones to be writing and to use standardized measures (as their local trading partners all had own weights and such). This lead to the Assyrians becoming the record keeping institution and place for making contracts in the region beyond trade as well (like marriages). Interestingly the locals would abandon writing and abstract written contracts once more when the Assyrians left for good. (The Hittites would again import writing a century later but using Babylonian, completely ignoring Assyrian.) So don't expect techniques of cultural exchange to outlast the system they are used within.

[@josephdent7343]

"... the land around Ashur was suitable for grazing Holstein cows, their milk being well suited to lattes and ice cream and their image depicted on album covers." Still a great channel.

[@alucard347]

I am confused.

[@GrouRocks]

@@alucard347 Pink Floyd - Atom Heart Mother?

[@johnonwin3444]

Love this channel, this is how history should be taught in schools. To everyone involved in the channel total respect to you guys 🙏

[@youngimperialistmkii]

I have been on a Bronze age kick as on late. A video on trade during that era is just what I needed😊

[@andreasihaya1398]

Trade during Bronze Age, and especially during Late Bronze, is one of the most prolific period due to its interconnected routes and the complexity of its trade systems that were able to share the different cultural features across the region. Congrats for your work K&G, as a historian and keen on ancient history I can say that is sometimes difficult to find such a comparative analysis and well portrayed aspects of these amazing period through such a dynamic way of teaching. Keep going 💪💪💪

[@matthewbryson6423]

Love all the Bronze Age information! Thanks Kings & Generals

[@channellegendarium7677]

It is striking to think that the activities of merchants not only tell us much about Bronze Age life, but played their part in shaping not one, but two, great kingdoms!

[@marombadorefineiro1453]

Ancient trade is something very exciting to study

[@mahadlodhi]

Trade in ancient times such as during what we call bronze age is always so tacitly implied. Much needed video. Thanks alot k&g and a v happy birthday to devin

[@MarfSantangelo]

20:51 I like how two of the archers look pretty determined and then there's this dude on the left who is just dead on the inside.

[@declanjones8888]

That's just him realizing he probably won't survive this battle.

[@joshuahall4834]

Absolutely LOVING the channels expansion into general topics about history. The videos of battles are still great but I really appreciate a more diverse collection of videos. Keep up the great work!

[@OrganDanai]

@Kings and Generals: can you please increase the size of the fonts? City names on maps are not legible when viewed on a smartphone. Thanks.

[@vinuzo9548]

^^^This

[@jonbaxter2254]

Trade may not be as sexy as battles, but it helped every empire grow big and strong. I love videos like this

[@diarradunlap9337]

Trade was often Rome's underlying reason for many of its early wars.

[@jonbaxter2254]

@@diarradunlap9337 Gotta get that Etruscan Iron

[@chakir348]

Trade was big in ancient times it stayed very important in the middle east to the caliphate empire with the silk route .

[@dilsherdhingra2782]

Great content and videos, guys! It would be great if you could cover the rise of the Sikh Misls and then the formation of the Sikh Empire in India! Amazing part of history to touch upon

[@austinlange7210]

That they would not only smuggle tin in their underwear but that doing so was effective enough that they organized the process and repeated it among themselves is the greatest thing I’ve ever heard.

[@madwellmusic8995]

Hmmm maybe that's where the term balls of steel comes from. Back then, it'd be balls of tin

[@ancientsitesgirl]

your videos are very inspiring! Thanks for another Bronze Age film❤

[@ancientsitesgirl6952]

👍

[@brandonchdib5380]

Yesss, the four things I love in one video, Bronze Age, trade ,your amazing art and Commentary

[@tribeofshugbazz]

I appreciate this channel. Great visuals and content!

[@adenmelton8264]

Please do a video on the Tibetan Empire they aren’t ever talked about that much

[@ironheart5830]

I love to see that too :)

[@adenmelton8264]

@@garrysekelli6776 probably

[@swaghetticarbonara4801]

How did the Uruks greet each other? In the black speech of Mordor...

[@glizerblade3065]

Fax

[@Likexner]

The black speech sounds badass. Its a shame that it is not a complete language. It would be cooler to speak that than some kind of elvish.

[@XMeK]

@@Likexner Barad-dur miburr durbatuluk, baby!

[@danielconde13]

Easy: _Hai!_

[@trippiedizzy9243]

@@danielconde13 Dude I know this is irrelevant But I have 3 questions 1) Is there a Non-Ethnic ie mixed nation in Western Europe? 2) The Nation, which was the nightmare of Asia in the First Age, and Europe in the Middle Ages. 3) First country to colonize America

[@Anglomachian]

The Great Courses series "Ancient Empires before Alexander" is one of my favourites that I can listen to over and over. It's neat to see that history presented in a different way.

[@jonathanwilliams1065]

The Persians built a massive empire and so did the Arabs but now too many people underestimate them and think they are just poor “sand people” while saying they can’t be beaten at the same time Such foolishness will end with a mushroom cloud

[@blitzwaffe]

No mention of Ea Nasir and his quality copper by Kings and Generals? He must have treated them with contempt...

[@nunyabiznes33]

Ugh, just the mere mention makes my blood boil!

[@burner27]

I came here to see if Ea Nasir would be mentioned.

[@jlvfr]

Was thinking of him too... that guy as reached a kind of immortality...

[@Solon1581]

"If you like the video, watch share if with friends; if you don't like the video, go away!" -Ea Nasir

[@AzureDragon100]

Him and his shitty copper is now immortal.

[@anghellicamakes]

This comment is solely to improve your interaction stats. Cheers for the sick content!

[@OfficiallyDevin]

Always nice when a video I don't at all remember recording appears, feels so original, tell me more devin!

[@albatros33]

Ancient history of middle east is quite interesting

[@uniuni8855]

It's just USA history decolorized. Actually USA is bigger in surface area

[@joshuapilling3641]

@@uniuni8855 What?

[@maxanderson9293]

@@uniuni8855 history of USA is not even a footnote in world history.

[@PrimusGladius]

@@maxanderson9293 In terms of length and age? Agreed. In terms of effects and impact? It's a pretty big footnote.

[@maxanderson9293]

@@PrimusGladius that impact is in the last 100 yrs, less than 1% of human history.

[@geordiejones5618]

It amazes me that 3500 years ago there was an international trade network that spanned from England to Afghanistan, and that it wasnt matched again until the Silk Road.

[@KonekoEalain]

Great video, very interesting to see the similarities between economic activity then and now, also, happy birthday!

[@billiondollardan]

I hit like immediately upon beginning a Kings and Generals video. These boys never disappoint

[@jeffreyestahl]

I would love to see an episode on the Mississippian culture. Not enough New World stuff.

[@juliogarcia4757]

I’m confused. Is it the king’s birthday or the general’s?

[@scoutobrien3406]

I love the idea that the Channel has a storefront style possessive name.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

The tablets archaeologists will find 2000 years later are going to be very exquisite and rich details, from food fo f***ing.

[@barbaralucas1220]

How I love K&G channel ☺️ another fabulous video, thank you so much

[@lerneanlion]

Then ext video about the Bronze Age: Competition for domination between the Hittites, the Assyrians and the Egyptians.

[@manbearpig13211]

Zero dislikes and almost 150k views, this channel deserves this

[@PrimeroVorian1]

more Bronze Age please!

[@stacey_1111rh]

Great content!

[@vazak11]

Amazing stuff, so sad the era ended like that.

[@alexanderborschel2135]

Hey do a video on the bronze silk road; trade between harappans, sumerian, Egyptians and minoans as far back as 2000-3000bc. They've been translating harappan lately, and found minoan based linear A in Norway, suggesting colonies that far north with civilizations in Spain, italy and even the nuraghe potentially also being minoan colonies. On top of that the harappans even had trade guilds. Minoans may have been a trade empire with merchant princes. There's a whole world we've lost the memory of, but were slowly unlocking it again.

[@Tiberon098]

I would love to play a game based on making trade routes during the Bronze age.

[@joeygula581]

Your videos are great this is just what I was looking for

[@p0xus]

2:34 Im playing Rimworld while watching this, and the fire sound made me franticly check for fires around my base

[@jasonz7788]

Great presentation thank you

[@Joker-yw9hl]

Sigh looks like I'm playing Age of Empires: Definitive Edition today then ;)

[@orktv4673]

No mention of the Bronze Age's greatest merchant, Ea-Nasir...

[@qjames0077]

Happy Birthday Kings and Generals!

[@HermesSonofZeus]

Great stuff. Really enjoyed. Thank you! Also, please say, "klaatu barada nikto" (from The Day the Earth Stood Still).

[@beachboy0505]

All human civilisation started in Mesopotania (Iraq): Soap 🧼, textile : 7 days a week, calander, hour, 24 hours, banking, writing ✍, 64 based numbers, mathematics, beer 🍺, baking, governance, laws, 360 geometry monotheism, trade, taxation and many other human inventions. (Pre- Colombian Americans did it all by themselves)

[@oncewasnot9824]

NO!!!

[@DragonwolfoftheSands]

The Nile Valley, the Yangtze plain, the Indus Valley, and Mesoamérica?

[@beachboy0505]

@@DragonwolfoftheSands much later

[@UsmanSiddiq1]

@@beachboy0505 Lol native Americans are Asian people, who did all that shit after 1AD and in that time China was the most technologically advance country and they learned everything from Chinese before immigrating into American continent.

[@alissa6]

*Top 10 oldest civilizations:* 4300 BC - Sumer 3500 BC - Ebla and Canaan 3200 BC - Kemet 3000 BC - Elam and Išuwa 2900 BC - Marhaši and Mari 2700 BC - Hatti, Harappa and Minoa 2600 BC - Dilmun 2500 BC - Nubia, Mohenjo Daro, Phoenicia, Assyria, Ugarit 2400 BC - Punt, Akkad, Ganhar and Namar

[@pedrozepeda6930]

Great video

[@jorgedeanoperez2997]

You guys are singlehandedly fueling my recent Bronze Age Fertile Crescent obsession, hah

[@Re55ur3cT]

Would be awesome if you would make videos about the ancient kingdoms in the Levant please!

[@reginaldshort8486]

Is it wrong of me to enjoy these videos detailing trade, infrastructure, agriculture and the daily life of ancient civilizations. Plz keep up the great work Kings and Generals.

[@दीपकनागर-ज6द]

But he didn't made any video on greatest and biggest civilization of bronze age the indus valley civilization (3300BC-1300BC)

[@reginaldshort8486]

@@दीपकनागर-ज6द not yet.

[@GerSanRiv]

You guys are amazing.

[@andreasleonardo6793]

Love of historical videos from this excellent historic channel...its provides how much commercially movement increasing powerful of nations progressing them to another upgrades in politics ( umpires status)

[@beachboy0505]

Amazing video 📹 thanks 😊

[@nexusanphans3813]

Video: How Bronze Age Trade Was Conducted. Me: "Would you be interested in a trade agreement with England?"

[@tonisuihkonen8890]

good one, are you a remainer?

[@SourSoup87]

Thank you for a great vid, bronze age is really where the essence of today's politics had begun.

[@anthonymanderson7671]

This is really an interesting topic 😃

[@draenesteron]

I'd love for you to do a larger series about the iron age and pre-viking era in Scandinavia.

[@draenesteron]

@@SimuLord 😂😂😂👍🏻

[@induspherix]

Fascinating stuff

[@albatros33]

How do you make these animations? I'm seriously very curious.

[@FerrisMacWheel]

Guess they are using After Effects

[@solariangeopolitics9944]

Skillshare

[@jorgemasvidal7566]

Please make a video about shapur II (sassanid) or about adud al-dawla (buyid) 🙏

[@brutalchicken]

Looking forward to more

[@SaikaLiao]

Can you also do a video on the Nordic Bronze Age please?

[@yokartik]

i love ancient anatolia, mesopotomia more than ancient greeks and romans. i would like to see more movies around these ages.

[@yokartik]

@Ali Kılıç oraya bir virgül koyarak düzelttim.

[@nishunair1912]

Happy birthday K&G!!!

[@Juandiegostefan]

the day doesn't start til i see the KZbin notification of kings and generals

[@dimachaerus9190]

I love this video! Is there any well written book on this subject, close to the way is narated here?

[@Yphrum]

We almost share a birthday. Happy early birthday again. I’m on the 30th. I love your work, thanks for all your efforts.

[@ChrisCVW]

We could be living in space right now but Uhna of Zelpa had to get greedy.

[@ammk1281]

Can you tell me the background theme you used in 5:04 ?

[@KleptomaniacJames]

well done

[@petersavrides4664]

the part about the creditors sounds like the beginning of capitalism lmao even back then they had issues that couldnt be solved without gov intervention

[@narlycat]

I noticed that when an Assyrian businessman inherited his enterprise he was visited by 2 men who would lay down the rules of trade and would sign trade deals with the new Assyrian strongman/businessman. I noticed the similarity with this practice with 2 Biblical examples. When Abraham met 3 men where the one in the middle looked like the "son of man" the other 2 men would have been trade authorities. You might say this was an Assyrian business initiation rite which Abraham was going through. After all even though Abraham came from Ur of the Chaldees in the far south of Mesopotamia or Babylon he passed through upper Mesopotamia or Assyria on his way to Canaan land. It's also interesting how the disciples in the New Testament were sent out in pairs as well I suppose to establish a new "trade treaty" involving the new religion or sect of Judaism known as Christianity.

[@alexeitighineanu8874]

Ha. Little I knew about human history, thinking that soft power and cosmopolitan way of life are just some recent inventions! A big thank to K&G for the video.

[@DriantX]

Now I know the capital of Assyria and can finally pass the Bridge of Death.

[@jonathanwilliams1065]

What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?

[@Deridus]

@@jonathanwilliams1065 WHAT... is your favorite colour?

[@carlosaugustodinizgarcia3526]

Which capital of Assyria?They had at least five: Ashur,Calhu/Nimrod,Nineveh, Dur-Sharrukin and Haran

[@barbiquearea]

Always fascinating to learn what went on almost 4000 years ago.

[@TheLionFarm]

Interesting I go over genetics on my page

[@conorgriffiths6133]

Great video as always. thank you. Anyone know where i could find the music from the video?

[@cihangarros]

17:49 the bandits are also kings men 😂 always the same trick till today