Lesson 8: Location, purpose and transformation - keys to the ni particle and he particle

[@ローラ-q2y]

LESSON 8- に & へ particles 00:01- introduction ---------------------- ●に particle ☆00:51- what is the に particle for || target 01:00- example ☆01:29- explanation 01:46- example ---------------------- ☆02:02- に particle || purpose ; reason •02:56- verbs into nouns 03:46- explanation ---------------------- ☆04:29- に particle || location of where a thing is 04:45- example 05:00- logic behind = (a past target) ---------------------- なる ☆05:56- target of transformation || to turn into something 06:42- examples •08:04- adjectives --------------------- 08:56- (idk I just felt like separating that part) ●09:07- へ particle ---------------------- 10:02- finishing

[@mari200136]

thank you

[@ローラ-q2y]

@@mari200136 de nada:)

[@MP-cv6if]

If you thought Sakura was useless, you were WRONG. She served as a brilliant example in our lessons.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

She is very versatile.

[@x2bounty]

I wonder if we could also use Sakura as an example in biology class, since she's become a frog and all.

[@zoelu2719]

hahahahaha i cant with this commen

[@MP-cv6if]

@Parker King I used gogoanime instead

[@seisveintiocho-x9e]

People are not useless. At the least, Sakura provides great usage to herself because without herself she would not even be.

[@ダヴィド-m7s]

I just restarted over to learn Japanese after having used inefficient methods during several month, and I want to thank you for all of that you offered to us. RIP, Cure Dolly.

[@ThatEntityGirl]

It feels strange watching so many videos from someone who I know is no longer with us, but at the same time it feels like by doing so I'm honoring her wishes and all of the work she's done for the Japanese language learning world. I hope her videos will continue to help people for a long time to come, and I know that it's what she would want.

[@sbubwoofer]

o algo

[@AdityaTheGoat]

100%

[@kuroodo_]

I watched many of your videos back when I was first starting out. While I learned a lot, I didn't fully grasp the concepts, and a lot of the information went in from one ear and out the other. Now, over a year later since I began learning, these videos make a ton of sense and have helped clarify A LOT. Thank you sensei

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

And thank you for sticking with me long enough to grasp the real significance. I'm very happy to have helped you so much.

[@israelosilva]

The idea of a target made my life so much easier now !!! I cannot express how easy you make people's lives giving such easy concept to see something that otherwise doesn't make sense . thank you a billion times.

[@mail2abir]

More I watch, knowing you are long gone... More I become determined to learn from what you have left for us. RIP.

[@josevitor4870]

Me too man... There's a video where she asks if "you're determined to sell your soul to Japanese," and not only because I like it, but also because of her legacy

[@rachelallencamus]

Yes, me too. I'm honored to learn from Dolly Sensei after her passing and determined to make her proud 🩷

[@fwheels7776]

So glad I found her. She will be the foundation to which I say, I truly learned Japanese only after I found Cure Dolly!

[@worldofconspiracy3997]

She is one of the best teachers I've ever met in my entire life. Not even talking about teaching Japanese either

[@retronickmusic]

I was sitting here, drinking my morning coffee, and thinking, I wonder if Cure Dolly will have a new lesson this morning...ding! There it is! ありがとうございます！

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

A few technical problems made it a bit of a race to get it up for this morning - but I made it!

[@cndnkyuti]

I started learning Japanese a long time ago and have been able to retain some of what I learned. However, years later, learning Japanese became less of a priority due to growing adult responsibilities. It also became more daunting and almost impossible to progress further with confidence. I went to class once a week for 3 years at a high-school opendoor facility when I was a teenager. Shortly after graduating high-school, I enrolled to study opendoor Japanese classes at a local collage for 1.5 years (1 class every week.) After watching (and rewatching) some of your videos, I am able to not only have comprehensible review for certain things I already know, but to have confidence to continue learning Japanese again. どうもありがとうございました。 :)

[@ltils9081]

Hi! 11 months later but I feel the same - i did evening classes for 2 years once a week before the pandemic. Didn't realise how convoluted the teaching was until Dolly's very simple explanations! Glad I have that background knowledge though to make learning from these videos easier! I also struggle sitting at a desk after work these days (I work 9-5 from a desk working from home so spending another 2+hours sat down at the same desk drives me mad) so these videos being 8 mins long but stuffed with useful information is great. I'm not planning on using Japanese really it's just an interest of mine, so this is perfect.

[@x2bounty]

Well that's nifty. Utilizing に for this long range of targets really avoids the ambiguity and inconsistency I'm accustomed to.

[@naumbtothepaine0]

3:48 this makes so so much more sense than what's I'm taught at my class

[@federicaf2705]

I‘d like to triple-thumbs-up this video for every time I watched it and learned and understood more

[@pazispeace]

I loved that intro!!!

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Thank you!

[@infiniteshay8660]

It's amazing what a change in perspective can do for learning. I never thought about thinking of verbs before に as nouns before even though it makes total sense in english.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

youtu.be/The "raw" い-stem of a verb (nothing attached) is always a noun (except when it is a clause connector). It is a little more advanced, but this video explains it: kzbin.info/www/bejne/laLNao2hdqhlqqc

[@messmersspear]

only 1 week in and i think ive gotten the hang of が、は、の、and kinda of starting to understand を but these videos keep getting more informationally intense with each lesson. i should probably learn more vocab before going any further with grammar.

[@redcloud7447]

Just found this channel while looking for some revision videos.... Needless to say I've subscribed and look forward to your future content. These are some of the easiest to understand and most helpful videos I've found so far. ありがとうございます

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Thank you so much! Incidentally if you want to write ありがとうございます with kanji it is 有難うございます (though most people write it in kana). If you want to be _really_ fancy you could write 有難う御座います though that does look a touch excessive!

[@AuroraAce.]

Yea! I levelled up! thank you android sensei!

[@MrPapapasta]

At 8:26, you say "さくらがうつくしくなった。" without the に particle. I couldn't understand why this is so. Can we omit it if the target of the transformation is an adjective? Thanks.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Not only can you, but you must. The way to make an adjective into an adverb is by using the く-stem. Remember that に, like every logical particle _can only attach to a noun._ kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqjGhXxvptuCY7c

[@MrPapapasta]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 I thought that we were transforming the adjective into its く form in order to make it a noun, so that we can add a particle to it (just like how we are nominalizing a verb by transforming it to its い-stem to indicate the purpose of an action with に). So, if く does not nominalize, what does it actually do other than allowing as to negate it? If nothing else, why do we have to use the adjective in く form to make it the target of the transformation? Is there a reason why we have to use うつくしく instead of うつくしい? P.S.: I wouldn't mind if there is no reason and if this is just a thing I have to know. I just want to know if there is a reason. Thanks.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@MrPapapasta く-stem of adjectives is not a noun (you could be confused by the fact that there are a few cases where a noun-form exists that happens to resemble a く-stem, like ちかく). く-stem, of adjectives does a few things and this is one of them. It makes them into adverbials so that they can directly modify verbs. That is what is happening here.

[@MrPapapasta]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Thanks, you're the best!

[@yuko3258]

This is so great, I love your classes!

[@Козаченко-о4о]

Absolutely great channel! Superb explanations! And you don't have similar video about で particle?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

I introduce the で particle in this video, showing its relation to the other logical particles and clarifying the concept of logical particles itself: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqjGhXxvptuCY7c

[@Jejo_Alt]

Hi teacher! I have one small doubt. I know you've said in an earlier lesson that in japanese the carriages' order doesn't matter (correct me if I understood it wrong please). Does this apply to the case where we have 2 "ni" in the same phrase? (Like in the example at 2:15 "zero-ga omise-ni tamago-wo kai-ni iku". Won't people be confused if I say "zero-ga kai-ni tamago-wo omise-ni iku" for example?)

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

It is not true to say that word order doesn't matter at all in Japanese - only that it doesn't matter in the same way or for the same reasons that it does in English. This is a little more advanced than this lesson, but there are two laws of word-order in Japanese and one is that anything that modifies anything must come before it. たまごを modifies かい (tells us _what_ we are buying) so it has to precede it. I talk about word order here if you want to take a peek - but it is rather more advanced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/imazdWSihLecrc0

[@Jejo_Alt]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 oh I see! I will take a quick look on the video, if it's too advanced for me, I'll watch it when I get more advanced! Thank you for clarifying to me! Loving your classes so far ありがとうございます

[@pazispeace]

As we say in my country... you are such a coco!!! It means smart hehe, thank you for your lessons

[@pazispeace]

I'm from Venezuela

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Thank you so much. I've never been called a coco before! Is it a reference to one's head (coconut)?

[@pazispeace]

​@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Yes!, something like that. We say that to the people who are geniuses

[@AK-gt6om]

Brilliant Cure Dolly sensei! Thank you always!

[@gayassReal]

8:38 for anyone watching, she says lesson 6 here, but she means lesson 7.

[@かえる77]

レベルアップ！

[@IchEsseKonsolen]

Maybe we could say that に marks targets of the engine? So for 行く it marks the target of "the going", whereas for いる it marks the location as to where the subject (the が carriage) is put into existence. Does that make sense?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes that would be a way of putting it.

[@smudge8882]

Thank you for including the へ particle. I've been confused on how that compares to に

[@sitisarabintiamirulazhar4407]

First of all, I just wanted to say that your videos are superb and had helped me better understand Japanese sentence structure than ever before. Secondly I have a question: Does the sentence "Sakura ga natta" correct without adding the object of what Sakura turned into? And if it does what does the sentence mean in Japanese context?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Thank you! I am so glad to be able to help you. As for your question: No Sakura ga natta is just like "Sakura became" in English - it doesn't mean anything by itself.

[@toomas5948]

Is this correct? さくらが悪くなった Sakura became bad Love how helpful your channel is, it has helped me so much to understand how Japanese is logical.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes that is correct. I am glad to be helping you to grasp the logic of the language.

[@jeomaxx7499]

nice job bro

[@abdoashraf7403]

Thanks for the wonderful clarification about the using of に particle. I've a question if you may. In 8:35 you took off the い and added く so after doing that you turned the adj to noun, right? then why didn't you add に after うつくしく as it's the transformation of the sentence ?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Adding く does not make an adjective into a noun, it makes it into an adverb that can take に. Technically it can be classed as a noun, but it is an adverbial noun. More on adverbial and other "special" nouns here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bnK7qoNrfMp9fMk

[@abdoashraf7403]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 ah, understood thanks for answering

[@fyodorfaustov7381]

先生、ありがとうございます！I have a question about を particle in the sentence on 2:15. As far as I understand we use this particle to connect the next verb with it's object (the word with を), but you said that かいに in this case is a noun. So, we can also use を before the verb which was transformed into a noun like this and it's ok?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

かいに is telling us about the purpose of going (for buying) and たまごを is telling us more about "buying" (buying what?). Both then modify the action, いく. Does this make sense?

[@fyodorfaustov7381]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 yes, thank you very much! And I just watched your next video about these particles where you described them in beautiful metaphor of an interrogation :) It's now became very easy to define particle's function through appropriate question. Your channel is a real treasure which I found accidentally just three days ago. And for these three days I feel you have already brought an order into my mind of understanding japanese structure that wasn't there for hundreds of days before. ありがとうございます。ドリー先生はベスト！

[@anangelsdiaries]

Thanks again for this awesome lesson, I wondered is there any context where you will prefer "he" to "ni"?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes, there is. Generally speaking, "he" is preferable where we wish to stress the direction one is going in rather than the exact destination that one arrives at. So for example, "minami-he iku" = "go south" as opposed to "kouen-ni iku" = "go to the park".

[@Ana-qh3hc]

How would I say past casual form of arimasu? Like how imasu can be ita, how do I do this for arimasu? Thank you so much for the amazing videos!! I never understood any Japanese learning channel so well! Lots of love from Russia

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Lots of love back to you. It is important to stop thinking of verbs as being born with masu attached. All verbs end with an う (u)-row kanji. Masu is just a helper verb that is sometimes attached. So the verb you are talking about is aru. It is a godan verb (it has to be because it doesn't end in iru or eru). This means that its past form will be あった (atta), not あた (ata). For more detail on all this, please see this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/fauoh3-DeahrpNk

[@Ana-qh3hc]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 thank you so much!!! You are seriously amazing

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@Ana-qh3hc >blush< thank you.

[@Ana-qh3hc]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 any time! ♡

[@julianrachele757]

ドーリー先生は最高だね！

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

本当にありがとございます。

[@HaroonKhan-gv7zl]

at 8:39 , are the が に を へ で kana written above the statement "only nouns can take ni (and other logical particles) the other particles used in japanese?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes, these are the five core logical particles (の is logical too but a bit different). The main video on the five logical particles is actually the next one in sequence (8b): kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqjGhXxvptuCY7c

[@HaroonKhan-gv7zl]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 thanks

[@tingtingin]

did you stop doing the worksheets past lesson 8 found them helpful just wondering

[@aldrichsmith]

I saw in Tae Kim's grammar guide the following sentence: いい友達に会った。 ii tomodachi ni atta good friend ni met Why is ni used here, as opposed to another particle? How is the good friend being made a target?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Just because something is a direct object in English does not mean it will be the same in Japanese - this is especially true with human interactions: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nYfUpGeKr9asidk

[@aldrichsmith]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Ohh! I think I finally understand it. I assumed the statement meant that you had met a new good friend, as in, a definitive, first time occurrence, which didn't exactly make sense for the particle ni. I now understand that "met good friend" really meant "met with good friend". The good friend was the target of the meeting. Thank you!

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@aldrichsmith Oh yes. 会う is not equivalent to "meet" in English. It is often used in cases where in English we would just say we "saw" someone (as in "I'm going to see Sakura tomorrow). You can't use "see" in that sense in Japanese.

[@damlurker]

Most confusing part of the ni particle for me is that it also seems to mark the origin of things not just the destination. It's probably just me because I initially learned that it marks the location as in the place or destination ex 学校に行きました。 But a few weeks ago I came across a sentence that was something like: 父にプレゼントを貰いました。At first I thought it meant I gave my father a present but then I was like that can't be right since 貰う means to receive. When I looked at the translation it said "I received a present from my father". So in this case ni marked the origin.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

That is correct. The reason for this is a little more advanced than the current lesson, but we will come to it when we start looking at the receptive (so-called "passive") helper verb and later when we get to 貰う (もらう) - I'll link both of them below. The point here is that there are two kinds of sentence in Japanese. "Push" sentences (the regular kind) and "pull" sentences where the verb concerns _receiving_ an action or item (done or given by someone else). In "pull" sentences, because the action is receiving, the doer of the received action (or giver of the received gift) takes the place of the receiver of one's own action in a normal "push" sentence. That's a bit of a complex explanation for a comment, but I made a video about the receptive helper verb here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mae5Z5djh6qHqZo and specifically about 貰う here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eXa2d32Xe9VrfKs You may want to watch the 貰う one first, but if you have difficulty it may help to watch the receptive helper one too.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Another way of putting it is that when there is a _third party_ to a verb's action, in a push sentence (where the が-marked doer is performing the action) the に-marked third-party is the receiver of that action or the object acted upon. In a _pull_ sentence (where the が-marked actor is _receiving_ the action or object), the に-marked third party is the doer of the received action or the giver of the receive action. Either way に marks the _third party_ to the action.

[@zuutaa6142]

Hello Cure Dolly, I´ve seen your video of having to step back from being so active in videos here, so I don´t know if you still answer my question, like you already did a few times. I´m posting it under this video cuz it´s regarding particle に. It´s about the function of so called "position, or momentary being, existence". I know it´s connected to ある,いる verbs. But than there is also the structure "position + に + verb -ている." My japanese friend couldn´t explain this to me in a way I could understand. Sentences: 駅に待っている。wrong 駅に立っている。OK My friend says, 待つ and 立つ are different verbs. His explanation to this is: The verbs' action doesn't end in a moment but keeping. I personally don´t understand why one sentence here is ok and other wrong (and I really tried). We have no problem to say "I´m waiting in the station" (not in school, not in park...) I know 駅で待っている。is ok sentence. His explanation also makes not much sense to me, you can stand and wait .... a minute, hour, days.... Also he told me で is exchangable with Position に + verb -ている, but not allways. For example action verbs can´t be used in both cases. So I kinda am unsure on how to identify which verbs actually can be used as "position に + verb -ている". Im sorry for long question. I understand if you can´t answer or answer as usually or can but it will take time. Still thankfull for the informations you´re giving us.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

This actually affects very few verbs but what is happening is that generally に marks something going to a place or something existing in that place. So obviously いる/ある can have a に-marked noun as its target since it just means existing there. Certain other verbs are considered "inactive" enough to be used in that way as well - 立つ、座る and even 乗る in the sense of just sitting in a train etc. riding. 待つ is regarded as enough of an "activity" to fall outside that small range of possible non-activities.

[@zuutaa6142]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 thank you for your reply. I´ve found that the limited verbs to which this applies are: 座る、乗る、いる、ある、入る、立つ、住む、勤める、止まる,　泊まる, 泳ぐ, 浮く These can be used with に as well as with で particle. Of course I suppose the meaning with each particle is than according to the particles function different a bit.

[@maz1866]

Hi Cure Dolly! Thanks for the great videos. I think I may have caught a mistake. At 8:35 you reference the regular-adjective stem as being from lesson 6, but I think you meant lesson 7! :) Thanks again!

[@biohero11]

I know this lesson is old but i can't bring to understand something... When should i use Wo vs when should i use Ni? I saw some examples where, in relation to english grammar, the direct object was the one marked by a ni particle, even tho textbooks often say that the direct object is marked by the wo particle. I know that you made a video about wo vs ni vs to, but i still think that the difference seems too much abstract. It's hard to grasp/quantify the idea of mutuality in actions specially when the object is not a person at all. Sometimes you can argue both ways about objects being totally mutual, non mutual or middle term within an action. Is there a more precise and logical way to define which one to use?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

It really is only in human interactions that there is any question of に, を and と doing roughly equivalent jobs, so please don't imagine that this affects any other aspect of Japanese. The problems you are running into are undoubtedly due precisely to the "in relation to English" matter. Textbooks regularly pretend that Japanese works in the same way that the roughly-equivalent English expression strategy works even when it is doing nothing of the kind. If you can give me your examples I can explain what is going on.

[@remmakv]

You said in the video you can use ni to indicate a target where you went and still are. Can that be used for places that aren't necessarily stationary or not even an actual physical place? For example, "I'm on the bus." (and that's why it's loud and I can't hear you and have to call you back) or, "I'm at practice." (which is something you do, not a place you go, but people typically gather in a location when they practice and so we say "going to practice" and "at practice", etc) I'm sorry if I'm not explaining myself well or if that seems like a stupid question, but I'm very new.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes you can use it for being in a vehicle, though the usual expression would be バスにのる which means "riding on the bus". You can't usually use に for an activity done at a place (as opposed to just being there) but because riding is a stationary activity it is used. You would also use it for lying or sitting (also stationary activities). I think there is nothing wrong with saying バスにいる "I am on the bus", but にのる is the more usual and natural expression. As for going to practice, this usage of describing an activity as a place isn't common in Japanese. For example we don't speak of being "at work" as if work itself were a place but, at the company (かいしゃ) or at the workplace (しごとば).

[@remmakv]

Ok. That's about what I thought. I'm new to the language, but experienced enough to know that when things are a little less than literal the phrasing can be different, so I wanted to check. (we say "take" medicine and the Japanese use nomu for example) Thank you!

[@zl4518]

Hello sensei ,an absolutely informative video! I have a few questions after watching this though, hope you can clarify! If I want to say “I will go to the library to study Japanese” do I say 図書館に日本語を勉強しに行く? And can i replace で with に in 図書館で勉強する? (I assume no because library is not a target of the verb study?) ありがとうございます!

[@Ok_Eul-Tae]

I feel like this is specifically why 勝つ almost exclusively takes に because winning at sth or obtaining victory in or against sth/so is always working towards a goal or target. That's my way of thinking anyway. Something else that's been on my mind. What does it mean when particle へ is followed by と i.e. へと?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

I think you are right about 勝つ. The emphasis is on attaining a target or objective. In this it differs from 負かす (defeat) which takes を (or more accurately the relevant noun takes を). With 負かす the emphasis is on what we are doing to the opponent (as an object). 勝つ doesn't necessarily refer directly to an opponent at all (we can win an election or a race, not just win over X person or team), but even when it does refer to an opponent the point is really the attainment (target) not the opponent. へと gives a somewhat "literary" or at least story-telling air to the statement (it is the quotation と by the way). You can always leave the と out and have a natural sentence with the same logical meaning, but the と emphasizes the process of going and sometimes the distance. So 空へ飛んだ ソ巣へと飛んだ Mean the same thing essentially. The difference is in the way of putting it. Perhaps a little like the difference between saying "flew into the sky" and "flew away into the sky". _(Note: I am not trying to imply a grammatical equivalence here - just a contrast between the plain and "decorated" form of expression)_ We don't usually see にと because, while for the purposes of this basic course we can treat に and へ as identical, they do have in some cases a different nuance. へ can (but doesn't necessarily) have more indication of a general direction or a process of movement, に is more focused on the target/arrival.

[@pond6282]

Hello, Cure Dolly. Forgive me for my ignorance if this isn't the case, but are these the only uses of に? Because I hardly think that is so. It could certainly be my lack of experience, but I'm 220 or so chapters into One Piece and I have come across many situations where these ideas don't seem to aid my comprehension.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

No. This is lesson 8 and I am introducing に and its major uses, not attempting to cover all possible uses. Most of them do derive from the basic targeting principle though. There is also a different に which means "and". I talked about that in this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/h5eaenqhp9OhoLs

[@amypond1814]

Does that mean for the he- particle: "I go to the park." is " zero-ga kouenhe iku." in Japanese?

[@dappershinx9234]

No. You would use "ni", as it's the location you are arriving at rather than the direction you are going. Also just to be clear, "zero-ga" isn't a thing Japanese people say, it's just her way of showing how Japanese uses the concept of pronouns. Hope that suffices in place of the late sensei.

[@alanjrbontuyanab]

So if I say "I go to gym to run." Does run be mark with ni too? "ジムに走りに行く" And can you have 3 or more ni target particles. ( i went to the store to buy eggs to throw at Sakura.)?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Important not to assume that Japanese structures will mirror English ones. In Japanese this would be something like さくらに投げるための卵を買うにお店に行った (Sakura-at-throw-purpose-eggs-buying-for store-to went).

[@alanjrbontuyanab]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 I see so "さくらに投げるための卵" is to identify the eggs are the class/group of being thrown at Sakura. 2 more questions what does ため mean ? And do you mean 買いに or does it stay as 買うに？

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@alanjrbontuyanab 買いに - sorry for the mistype. Fixed. ため means in this case "purpose (of)" I went to buy eggs for the purpose of throwing at Sakura. However in Japanese it works more naturally to make that a property of the eggs (they were Sakura-at-throw-purpose eggs).

[@alanjrbontuyanab]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 I get it now. Thank you sooo much! You are making Japanese grammer so much easier to understand. Not to mention you always here in the comments to help all of us out! Again greatly appreciate 🙏

[@Ash-vt5cp]

Can you ever use に with a だ or い engine? E.g. "それは　砂漠に　猫だ" ... "that's a cat from (or in?) the desert". I know it'd be more usual to use から来る for this, but im just wondering if it's allowed in the first place to use に.

[@retronickmusic]

カフェにコーヒーを飲みにいく。あとでコーヒーを飲みに元気をなる。(I hope my sentences are good)

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

The first one is perfect. The second one doesn't quite work, I'm afraid. To begin with you can't say 元気をなる because that's where you need に. It is 元気になる に marking the target of what you become (lively) コーヒーを飲みに means doing something (usually going somewhere) for the purpose of drinking coffee - just the way you correctly used it in your first sentence. It doesn't mean drinking coffee for the purpose of attaining some other result. This seems to be your intended meaning here. I hope this makes things clearer.

[@retronickmusic]

This helps! Thank you so much!

[@duytran-fl7wt]

Dear Sensei. You have explained in the lesson that i-stem of a verb is a noun. So, in the structure i-stem Na Gara, is Na a particle and Gara is a noun ? If so, what does gara actually mean ?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

A couple of things here. 1. The i-stem on its own _can_ make a noun but it also has another function (as I briefly mentioned), so it doesn't always. Don't worry because it is very easy to distinguish the two functions. Since the second function is a little more advanced I won't go into it yet unless you are especially interested. 2. The i-stem when it is _not_ on its own is a different matter. When a helper-word is attached the resulting compound will be _whatever the helper word is_ So let's take the word nomu, drink. If we attach the helper noun mono we have the noun nomimono, drink-thing, meaning a drink. If we attach the helper verb masu we have nomimasu, which is the formal verb to drink (i.e. it is still a verb). If we attach the helper adjective tai it becomes an adjective meaning "want to drink" etc. 3. Nagara is an unusual word. It is not made up of na and gara (when it is written in kanji - which it isn't often but can be - you can see clearly that it isn't). It is described differently in different places but I think it is best for practical purposes to see it as a kind of conjunction because it joins two statements together. And it's meaning is while-[verb] So aruki-nagara means "while walking". Now this makes no sense unless it is followed by something else. That is why it can be seen as a conjunction. For example aruki-nagara uta wo utatta. While walking I sang a song. Rather a lot of information there, I'm afraid. But I hope it helps.

[@TK-tg7cl]

Brilliant as always. Dolly, are you a native Japanese speaker?

[@coheedmonstar33]

Question, all Ichidan verbs end in いる or える, but the godan verb はしる ends in iru, the い being at the end of し. At first I though well maybe it needs a full い and not be connected, but then みる(見る) is an ichidan and the い is connected from the み. Can you clear this up for me please? Is it because し is kind of blended into the next sound?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

The rule only works one way. All ichidan verbs end in the sound いる/える but not all verbs that end in that sound are ichidan.

[@karlmarx965]

Thank you so much for these videos! I do have a question though, is it possible to see verbs "conjugated" to the "i" form as gerunds, and that's why they act like nouns sometimes?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Things that function most like gerunds are generally made with の and こと but い-stem verbs can also function that way. They are a little more like true verbs in many cases - for example 痛む hurt 痛み pain.

[@taniaislam5545]

Hi there, thank you for these lessons. These are extremely helpfull . I like your method very much. As for this video,I have a question. "Atode kumori ni naru". Here I don't see how "Cloudy" is a noun. Would you mind to explain?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

It is important to remember that Japanese words much of the time do not have exact English equivalent words. くもり means something like "cloudiness" "cloudy weather". It is a noun - if it wasn't we couldn't mark it with に - and nouns perform a wider range of functions than they do in English. So "It" - the sky. the weather - is turning into cloudiness/cloudy weather.

[@drv4543]

こんにちは先生、in which situation would we use へ to replace に when speaking of going to a place? Are they completely synonymous and simply up to the speakers preference or is there some kind of a difference? Also can へalso be used with 来る？

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

こんにちは。They can be used interchangeably in many instances but there is a subtle difference. に stresses the target location while へ stresses the direction. So there are cases where one or the other wouldn't work so well and in all cases there is a different (though often only very slightly different) nuance. へ can be and is used with 来る but in most cases I would say that に is more natural. A quick check with Google-sensei (always useful in these cases) confirms this, with a something over a million instances of "に来る" against over forty million instances of "へ来る".

[@drv4543]

KawaJapa CureDolly そうか。ありがとうございます！

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

いいえ、どういたしまして。

[@excessivegrot2643]

So the adverbial に and the target に are always the same particle, or is it the ‘becoming’ sense of なる that uses the に like this uniquely?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

なる is a verb so Xになる is essentially the adverbial use telling us what or how something becomes. Notice that the concepts "what" and "how" are not distinguished in the same way in Japanese as in English. For example どうすればいい translated as "what should I do" is literally "how if I do (will be) good".

[@excessivegrot2643]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 So is the に in eg: 上手に引く the same as the に in 食べに行く, though one seems to answer (the English question) How is it played and the other Why will you go (or what will you go to do)? Is something like 私の心を奪うために basically behaving like one big adverb like ‘in order to steal my heart-ly’ ?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

​@@excessivegrot2643 に isn't doing exactly the same job in the same way all the time. It is a versatile target-marker - at least as versatile as English "to" in "go to bed", "eat to live", "sing to baby" etc. etc. It isn't in any way comparable - it is a preposition, while に is a particle, which is quite different. But it is important not to oversimplify either by assuming that they do the same thing in the same way all the time even though they both have a base meaning. ために means "in order to" it is ultimately "adverbial" in the Japanese sense, in that it tells us more about a verb, but we shouldn't force it into an English-style adverbial mode.

[@chadvader974]

Thanks for this video. My question is, Do I need to absolutely absorb all of this information, like verb stems and the types of verbs (godan, ichidan) for example, before I jump in to the anime? Or can I just use them as a reference?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Hmm. These are pretty basic things. Once you get into anime you will see words in all kinds of forms and it helps a lot to be able to know what they _might_ be. Now Yomichan will deconstruct them for you up to a point but knowing really basic things like the four stems is advisable just so that you can see what's going on. However, people learn differently. If you find you can handle it, take advantage! You can learn them as you go along if it works for you.

[@chadvader974]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 OK thanks for the advice. This may seem basic to you but to me it's mind boggling.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@chadvader974 Well if you are thinking in kana (don't even think of using anime with romaji subs. Crack hiragana first and don't take more than a week to do it) the stem system itself is absurdly simple. Every verb ends in an う-row kana. That leaves four other kana it _could_ end with (the equivalent kana in the あ、い、え and お rows) and these are the four stems. Does that make sense? Just knowing that is half the battle.

[@zkassai.audio.2]

Sensei, what about using に for time, such as 七時ごろに起きた？ Is this the same kind of use as in “I am at the park”?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

No. I explained all this toward the end of lesson 4: kzbin.info/www/bejne/ooaYo6CodrSFers I think this will help you.

[@kunslipper]

Thank you so much.

[@arpitkumar4525]

ありがとうございます！

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

どういたしまして

[@Artahe]

I have a little question, or rather I need a confirmation, about the へ particle. You say that it can replace the に particle when it's used to define the target of an action. Does that mean that when there's a へ, we could replace it by a に? Like, 東京へ行きます ====> 東京に行きます?

[@seventhsheaven]

Neldolas Yes in the example you gave, you can replace it with ‘ni’. It’s almost always replaceable with ‘Ni’’, except when you are going towards a direction rather than a place. So if you’re going south, you’d say ‘Minami e Iku/ikimasu’ instead of ni.

[@siddhantnaik5545]

I believe we should find the utsukushi to utsukushiku under the lesson 7 and not 6 correct me if I am wrong.

[@vfpallot]

I have a few questions. 1. When you first introduced the ni particle, in the video that you talked about it being in a trio of sorts with ga and wo, you mentioned that because they're logical particles, you can move them around however you want. So like "Watashi ga Sakura ni booru wo nageta" is the same as "Sakura ni watashi ga booru wo nageta" (if I'm remembering correctly). Is that still true when you have more than 1 use of ni in a sentence like your example? Like can "Omise ni tomago wo kai ni iku" also be "Tomogo wo omise ni kai ni iku" or any other variation? 2. I know we've not learned it, but I read somewhere that you can also use 'koto' to turn a verb into a noun. So, could you say something like "Omise ni tomago wo kau koto ni iku" ? 3. Lastly, you mentioned he can be used in place of ni for a target, but not for a location. Can you use he for a transformation? For example "Kotoshi Juuhassai he naru" As always, thank you for the excellent videos. They really help a lot with putting the language into such an easy to learn format ^_^

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

1. I call them a trio only when に marks the indirect object. Then they mark subject, direct object and indirect object. So no that does not apply to other uses of に like the one you mention. が and を on the other hand have no other uses. They always mark the subject and the direct object respectively. 2. Koto doesn't actually turn a verb into a noun. It is a noun in itself and you can modify it with a verbal phrase. You can then handle koto ("containing" the whole verbal prhase) as a noun. We will talk more about that in later lessons. 3. No

[@peter0071000]

Why are you writing in ローマ字？

[@snick-e9j]

Firstly, this content is absolutely fantastic; helpful, pragmatic material with the perfect balance of inspiration and realism (imo). In _Human Japanese_ it's taught that when we use the possessive particle "の" the two components become a sort of whole and thus the "に” particle in the example around 5:40 is modifying the whole phrase "テーブルのうえ” rather than just "うえ”. This seemed a helpful concept in determining what substructures could be freely rearranged (ignoring nuance) and what must remain self-contained, but is this correct? I apologise if this is something you have covered elsewhere, or in your book "Unlocking Japanese" (which I've bought). If so please feel free to tell me to rtfm haha.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Because Japanese is a modular language ("lego-language" as I like to say) it is purely a matter of convenience whether we treat a の-marked modifier and the thing it modifies as one unit or two. We could also say: テーブルの　うえに　いる　ちいさくて　あかい　ボール _The small red ball that is on the table_ And, if we wish, treat the whole thing as a single unit. As you see, in English this is harder because we are forced to spread the modifiers on both sides of the thing modified, but in Japanese modifiers are always (to use train-talk) white carriages and engines linked up behind the thing they modify. So we now have a whole lego'ed together unit that can be lego'ed onto other units to form a complete sentence. We could, if we wished, in more complex sentences use "train shorthand" to condense the example phrase I give here into one ga-marked black carriage - provided we are clear on how to break it back down into its components as necessary! So yes テーブルのうえ can be treated as a unit in itself - not really in any special sense greater than any other modifier+noun structure, but if that is a convenient unit to use there is no reason not to.

[@snick-e9j]

That makes a lot more sense. Thank you very much for the prompt and well thought out response! I've gotten significantly less from university professors actively being paid to teach me. You definitely deserve a stronger following. I'll be supporting on patreon once I get work here.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Thank you so much. I am happy to be able to help. Please feel free to ask any questions.

[@cincysoprano4714]

Is くalways used on the ending of an adjective if you want to make it a transformation? For example, if someone felt embarrassed and I wanted to say they changed to red, would I say 赤くなった ? Thank you, Dolly-sensei! :)

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

The way to use an adjective as an adverb is by using its く-stem

[@cincysoprano4714]

​@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Okay! Does this apply to every adjective, even to more abstract concepts like 赤 い ? Here is my thinking process: I would not want to say someone became the actual color red (赤 ). I would want to say their face became red-like (赤 い in normal adjective form). However, since I would be using it as an adverb in this case, I need to use the adverb stem. I take off the い , add く, and it becomes 赤く . Is this correct? I want to make sure I'm understanding this properly! :)

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@cincysoprano4714 Really the important thing is to throw English in the trash can. Japanese is not English and we will tie ourselves in endless knots if we (like the textbooks) try to understand it as if it were. An adverb in Japanese modifies a verb (tells us more about it). The core of a Japanese sentence is the subject (A-car) and predicate (B-engine) and everything else in the sentence is telling us more about A or more about B. So in: 顔が赤くなった The core is A顔が Bなった. Face became The adverb tells us more about the Engine "became". How did it become? It became redly. This does not work in English. This is not how English does things. It is how Japanese does things.

[@cincysoprano4714]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Got it! Thank you very much for breaking it down! :)

[@DystopianPersona]

I have a question, is the phrase correct? "sakura chan ga utsukushiku natte iru" Does it means "sakura is becoming beutiful"?

[@spikey288]

did u find out lol

[@DystopianPersona]

@@spikey288 nope, but if I were to guess I'd say you'de probably only use "utsukushii natteiru"

[@seisveintiocho-x9e]

I do not give shops honour, I give them money. That makes me even with the shops.

[@AbderrahmenLahyani]

8:40 Why don't we say Sakura ga utsukishiku ni natta It's ni naru right and we have a noun (utsukushi ku)

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Xになる is used for nouns. For adjectives we use the く-stem. This is a) not a noun and b) includes what in nouns would be the に-function here. You may be thinking of the fact that in a few cases (such as 近く) the く-stem gives us a quasi-noun (or a noun resembles the く-stem of the related adjective), but this is not the case with most adjectives in modern Japanese.

[@nathang4682]

Hi Dolly Sensei, just wondering if you have any tips on what kind of pace I should be taking this structure course. This is my first exposure to Japanese grammar and I've been taking notes on each lesson and making sure that I understand everything, but I feel like it's not really going to stick until I start seeing stuff out in the wild. Not sure if you created any more worksheets after the first 2. Do you suggest continuing to move through it so that I can get to trying some immersion stuff and coming back later if I need to or should I really take it slowly?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

I suggest the former. Do some simple immersion as soon as you can manage it. You could look at this video and see if you think you could manage this: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nWbYqnquarShq6c Definitely it is better to come back to them later (and sometimes perhaps later again) because you will understand many things better when you have a little experience than just learning them in the abstract. People often say "I thought I understood the whole thing but now it makes even more sense". I am a big advocate of getting the structure, using it a bit and then coming back to firm it up.

[@nathang4682]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Thank you!

[@chetnarawat8350]

Hey sensei. why did you use kouen ni asobou ni iku instead kouen de? since I have been taught that de particle marks the location some action is supposed to happen.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Look again. I did not use こうえんに あそぽうに いく it is こうえんに あそびに いく. に marks the target of movement (こうえん) and also the purpose-target which is あそび, the noun-form of あそぶ (in English the gerundive noun "playing"). に cannot under any circumstances mark a verb. If we had the sentence こうえんで　あそぶ it would indeed have to be で and not に. But as you see, that is quite a different matter.

[@jackloninzeta4069]

i have a question, how does ku work? I know how it changes with i but I never fully grasped why thoose changes had to happen, hope u can answer.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Do you mean the く-stem of adjectives? I deal with it in this video (though it's a bit more advanced): kzbin.info/www/bejne/q6DNZp9uYrWjrdU

[@jackloninzeta4069]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 ty

[@rhodiemoon3041]

4:39

[@zuutaa6142]

Hello, there are also other uses of this particle you didn´t mentioned, I believe you wanted to keep the lesson simple as it is just an 8th lesson. If I´m not mistaken, than "NI" is used with various time expressions (year, month, day, and clock time) to indicate a specific point in time, and translates into "at," "on," or "in." We can of course say also that it belongs to the "target" function. It also is used for frequency expressions and in "passiv sentences" it´s marking the indirect object, the performer of the action like in 母にしかられた。I was scold by mum.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes, all these uses are covered in later lessons in the series. I felt that introducing them all at once would overload the new learner and become hard to digest. We'll cover it all as we go along though. I also believe in covering usages in relation to their logical employment rather than in "list form". If we were making lists we could also add, for example, that it is used in turning adjectival nouns into adverbs - but I cover that along with other adverbials.

[@Kickflips22]

If you switch the positions of おみせに and かいに does it change the meaning of the sentence?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

No it doesn't. おみせ is a place and かい is the い-stem (noun-form) of a verb. So the meaning of に in each case can only be what it is. Similarly if we say "I was in love in New York" or "I was in New York, in love" it doesn't change the meaning. We know what kind of "in" we are talking about by the noun it is referring to.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

No it doesn't. おみせ is a place and かい is the い-stem (noun-form) of a verb. So the meaning of に in each case can only be what it is. Similarly if we say "I was in love in New York" or "I was in New York, in love" it doesn't change the meaning. We know what kind of "in" we are talking about by the noun it is referring to.

[@Kickflips22]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 OOHH! I get it!　ありがとうございます！

[@vinilzord1]

Dolly sensei, I have a question. If I understood correctly, "kouen he iru" = I will be at the park / "kouen ni iru" = I am at the park (non-past tense). Is that correct? ^_^

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

こうえんへ　いる is not something we would ever say. へ is purely directional, not positional, so we only use it with moving words like いく or あるく.

[@vinilzord1]

Organic Japanese with Cure Dolly that makes sense. Thanks a bunch :)

[@DiscoandBitches]

Hello! Thank you for this excellent video series. I'm currently working my way through Genki and your lessons have illuminated some of the major flaws of their method. I feel like with your lessons I can see the whole picture behind a particular point of grammar. With Genki, I can't help but feel like they're pulling their punches, holding back the full explanation until when... I don't know. This lesson is an excellent example. I read about the に ages ago, and only now feel like I might understand how the particle works beyond the simple "target of movement" explanation provided. With that said, I was hoping you would be able to check a couple of my sentences around the usage of に to describe the target of a transformation. Here they are: 父は私が遅くいえに帰って憤ろしくになった。 アリスは綺麗な部屋を見て嬉しくになった。 Are these considered correct? Thank you!

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Thank you so much. I am happy to have been able to help. Neither sentence is correct because the く stem of an adjective cannot take に. Nothing other than a noun can take に or any other logical particle. に is used (among other things of course) to turn a noun (including an adjectival noun) into an adverb. The く stem does the same for an adjective. But an adjective does not need (and cannot take) に. For logical particles and the fact that they can only be attached to nouns, please see this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqjGhXxvptuCY7c Some people may be confused by the fact that we say things like 公園に遊びに行く into thinking that a logical particle can attach to a verb. But the い-stem of a verb with no helper attached in fact functions as a noun (in this case the thing of "playing" - equivalent to an English gerund). See this video for more on the い-stem kzbin.info/www/bejne/laLNao2hdqhlqqc

[@DiscoandBitches]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Oops! And after rewatching I see you clearly state that in the video as well! Thank you for the correction and clarification. I very much look forward to the rest of the course. ありがとう先生

[@excessivegrot2643]

More great explanations here, thanks!

[@marukoss]

I'm a little confused about the use of に in self-move sentences, I just watched the video about transitive and intransitive verbs, and decided to read some sentences with 従う. I noticed that all of them use に before 従う. Ex: 「息子は仕方なく両親の希望に従った」 and 「先生の助言に従ったほうがよい」. I do not understand why the に particle is being used here, why are these things a target? And why can't を be used instead?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

We can't use を because Japanese isn't English. We should never assume that just because the dictionary translates a Japanese word as an English word it will work just the same way as that word. In terms of its structure 従う works more like "submit". You don't "submit someone" you submit TO someone. Japanese has no prepositions like "to" and the targeting particle に is often used where they would be used in English to show whom the action is "aimed" at. NOTE -this doesn't mean that 従う should be translated as "submit" - just showing how it can't be just slotted in to a "obey" sentence with を as if it were the English word.

[@marukoss]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 I see, thanks a lot. Really, I've been studying Japanese for some months now, and just recently I found your channel, I only watched a few videos but thanks to you I can understand sentences way better now, the things started clicking in my mind instantly. I will be sure to subscribe to your patreon when my financial situation allow me.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@marukoss Thank you so much. I am very happy to be able to help you.

[@tankeryy1566]

sensei, im just a bit confuse whats the difference between kaimasu and kai-ni?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

"kaimasu" is the verb "kau" (which means "buy) with the "masu" formality helper verb attached to its i-stem. I do not recommend using "masu" at this stage. "kai-ni" on its own means nothing. It is the i-stem of "kau", which makes the noun "buying" as in "I like buying cake". The sentence "keeki-wo kai-ni iku" means "I go for buying cake" or "I go for the buying of cake". In English we would say "I go to buy cake". If you don't understand the stem system, please watch this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fJnco6ahfKd-fqc

[@tankeryy1566]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 thank you sensei!

[@s1llysushi]

Sensei, in the sentence 電話がベルによって発明されました。what does によって actually means? I was taught to memorise it as a set in that sentence's context. From your explanation I understand that 電話 is the subject and ベル as the mark / target (or in this context, the one that diid the discovery), but I'm having trouble understanding the need to use よって. I assume it's a verb coming from よる. I'm not sure about the actual meaning of it, so I can't put the sentence in the logical trains.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

よって is the て-form of the verb よる, but this is not the more common verb 寄る, but 因る which means essentially to receive causation from or be based on. So Xによって means "based on X" or "caused by X". This is the usual way of expressing this kind of attribution of an invention, work of art etc. As for the need to use よって, strictly there isn't one. It still means the same if you leave it out: "the telephone received inventing from Bell". によって just emphasizes the role of Bell as the cause or source of the invention. NOTE: If anyone is having trouble understanding why に marks the source from which the inventing is received, please see my video lesson on the receptive helper-verb (so-called "passive conjugation"): kzbin.info/www/bejne/mae5Z5djh6qHqZo

[@s1llysushi]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 ありがとう！ I think I understand now. I got confused because it's taught as a set as if it's a particle set.

[@Arrodamz]

What about にする? Like 私ハンバーグにする or an example you did in one of your videos 魔女がさくらをカエルにした. What is にする doing?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Essentially にする is the other move version of になる kzbin.info/www/bejne/e33OYpenlqqgr80 YがXになる - Y becomes X. (Zが) YをXにする - (Z) makes Y into X. This can be on a metaphorical level.

[@Arrodamz]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 I have another doubt, does the meaning of 'suru' change depending on which particle is before it? For example if you say Xに Yをする would it still mean the same thing (Z makes Y into X)?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@Arrodamz Logical particles tell us what role their attached noun plays in the sentence. kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqjGhXxvptuCY7c That is all they do. We shouldn't think of them as floating entities that might affect other aspects of a sentence directly. をmarks Y as the direct object of the verb suru. So The doer would have to be directly doing something to Y, like eating it or throwing it.

[@namename4980]

And what is general purpose of i-adjective stem + ku? Only be used before the verb?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

The general purpose is to join the adjective to something - most commonly the helper adjective ない, or to form the て-form which is used to connect one adjective to another as in ちいさくてかわいい, small and cute. When it connects to verbs it turns the adjective into an adverb.

[@namename4980]

KawaJapa CureDolly thanks!

[@osuosuosaka2590]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Dolly Sensei, 1) if i-adj stem + ku + verb turns the adj into an adverb, then in the case of 「Sakura ga utsukushiku natta」, is 'utsukushiku' an adverb? 2) If utsukushiku is an adverb, then is the literal English something like : "Sakura beautifully became" ?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@OsuOsuOsaka That is correct. なった is the head-verb (the B engine) of the sentence and うつくしく is an adverb telling us more about how/what she became. Japanese doesn't work the same way as English so the literal translation doesn't make much sense as English, but yes that is what the Japanese is kind-of saying except that adverbs in Japanese can describe _what_ as well as _how_ something became. Similarly どうすればいい is, if we put it into literal English "how if I do will be good?" but really means "what if I do will be good?" - i.e. "what (not how) should I do?" (in terms of English verbal conventions).

[@osuosuosaka2590]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 どうもありがとうございました。 I truly appreciate your work. Your teaching is breezy but rigorous, and so clear that it cuts: It's the best I've encountered, so パトロンになった。 本当に最高だよ！

[@TzeJun-ps9le]

Dolly sensei . How do we differentiate whether the target is for purposes

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Since places and purposes are rather different things, common sense can do the job nearly all the time. A lot of language is common sense. If we try to ignore common sense and do everything by "rules" there is a lot we can't ever understand.

[@TzeJun-ps9le]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 if there's two に, we can just assume the verb with にis the intention right?

[@TzeJun-ps9le]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 and how テープルhas a の with it?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@TzeJun-ps9le It isn't actually a verb, it is the い-stem of a verb which is actually a noun (otherwise it couldn't be marked by a logical particle- we'll talk more about that later) but yes that is right).

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@TzeJun-ps9le No works like 's in English. So it is "table's ue". There are not prepositions like "on" in Japanese. They are nouns.

[@fearedjames]

On the topic of double に particles, one thing that always confused me was specific iconic scene from Jojo's Bizarre Adventure. Jotaro is approaching Dio, and Dio, being cocky, says 「ほー、向かってくるのか。逃げずにこのディオに近づいてくるのか」 Now giving any spelling mistakes I made there (since I only know the words thanks to memes), what I don't get is how that "Nigezu ni, kono Dio ni" part works. It looks completely bonkers to me. Now if I was reading it, I'd assume the same meaning as most translators came up with "Rather than running away from me, your getting closer" but I'm not entirely sure how Ni can work like that? Is he literally saying "To run away from me, your getting closer?" and the translators just made up a line to sound less dumb in English?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

No, the translation is about right. The ず of にげず is used to make "do B without doing A" type constructions. I explained it in a video I'll link below. I also explained there that while ず is essentially and adverbial element (in this case it modifies 近づいてくる) that does not need に the way regular nouns do in order to modify a verb, it can also use the に for this purpose. It isn't as complicated as it sounds if you watch the video - though it is rather more advanced than the lesson on this page: kzbin.info/www/bejne/e2i0oKNumdyDatk (The part you want is toward the end of the video)

[@fearedjames]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 So from what I get from the video. Its a fancy old way to say 逃げないで、which I'll probably understand better once I get to your video about adjectival nouns. ありがとうございます

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@fearedjames Yes that's right. But You can't use に with ないで. You can (but don't need to) use it with ず.

[@fearedjames]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 I presume because its archaic, its something I might see in period films or something?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@fearedjames Yes but there are also various places where we see it in modern Japanese material. It is archaic but not obsolete.

[@namename4980]

And for na-adjectives we can just use に?　さからはきれいになった?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

"Na-adjectives" are nouns. So they work exactly like nouns - so the answer is yes. I explained that they are nouns early on and I always call them _adjectival nouns_ which is what they actually are. I usually don't stop to talk about "na adjectives" as a special type of word the way the textbooks do because you can take it that, unless otherwise stated, if a noun can do something, that applies to _all_ nouns, including the adjectival kind, which only differ from other nouns by being able to take the connective form of だ (which is な) when pre-modifying a word.

[@namename4980]

KawaJapa CureDolly thanks! Yes, I remember that they are like nouns but I think it's better to doublecheck, espesually on the early stage of studying. Thanks a lot for all your work!

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@namename4980 And thank you for your kind appreciation. Yes absolutely. Always feel free to double-check when you aren't sure.

[@everynameistaken567]

Why don't you have to say desu after Sakura ga utsukushii?

[@Nietzsche.Automata]

こんにちは先生。I'm wondering, for this example: "さくらがうつくしくになった。", how could I say the negative ? "Sakura did not become beautiful." Is-it : さくらがうつくしくにならなかった。?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

First of all さくらがうつくしくになった is incorrect. It is さくらがうつくしくなった. The く-stem of adjectives forms an adverb. We don't need に as we do with nouns (including adjectival nouns or so-called な-adjectives). But you are right about the negative so long as we drop the に.

[@Nietzsche.Automata]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Oh, I totally misread this part of the video. Thank you very much for this explanation, I should have been more careful :-)

[@kira_unifactory]

こっにちは、is there a reason why you use "aru" to say "hon wa, taberu-no ue-ni aru" and "iru" to say "omise-ni iru"? Lots of love! 🥰

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes. "Aru" is generally used to refer to non-sentient things, objects of all kinds, plants etc.. "Iru" is generally used to refer to sentient things -- meaning people, birds, animals etc.

[@kira_unifactory]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 ahhh thanks! that clears a lot of things to me

[@qwert12345asdfgzxcvb]

This stuff is so complicated compared to Chinese, where you can basically just jam words together without modification as long as the word order is correct

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

It isn't complicated at all but it is interestingly closer to the Indo-European case system (although done in a way that is just as effective and far less complicated). Word order has no bearing on the logical role of nouns within a sentence (unlike English and Chinese - it may be the resemblance to English that makes Chinese seem simpler). It does, however, perform other functions: kzbin.info/www/bejne/imazdWSihLecrc0

[@harshaldeshmukh1529]

Just had a small doubt sensei. Which of the following is more appropriate and why？ よく　バス　に　のる？ よく　バス　で　のる？

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

It is に　のる The target of のる is always marked by に because although it is a verb, it is a very "passive" verb (not in the grammatical but in the literal sense - there is no grammatical passive in Japanese). Verbs that involve little action, like ねる、たつ etc have their targets marked with に because they are not seen as "actions". のる comes into this category too.

[@harshaldeshmukh1529]

I understood the point sensei, but isn't 'de' a particle which is also used in the sense 'by the means of something', meaning 'by bus' .So is it that the verb here takes the precedence while considering the sentence structure.

[@michaelhoffmann2891]

What still confuses me is why のる, which supposedly means "to ride", also ends up as うまにのる = "ride a horse", instead of うまをのる with the object marker. I try to remember it as "get on (the target) and then ride" but it still seems weird.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

It is weird if you think Japanese is really supposed to be English. It is necessary to understand that different languages use different expression strategies. It is more like "ride on a horse" as opposed to "ride a horse". のる is considered a "non-active" verb like たつ or ねる (presumably because the horse or the car does the "walking") . So it is に rather than で.

[@michaelhoffmann2891]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Makes sense. From my view there was likely also the reflexive weary mental response to the common notion of non-equestrians that "a rider just sits there and the horse does all the work". None of those saying that have ever sat on a horse. I wonder if I offered that to someone on the Japanese Language Board, they would officially change the grammar to で or を. Once the soreness wore off and they could actually sit again that is 😈😈

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@michaelhoffmann2891 Although the idea that riding is something that you _do to_ a horse is a slightly odd one, I would have thought - or at least slightly disrespectful to the horse even if true. Of course driving (うんてん) is something you do to a car. You can urge a horse, drive a horse, manage a horse etc. in Japanese, but only ride _on_ it.

[@michaelhoffmann2891]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 It's not something most would describe as something you do TO a horse (well, PETA would... I mean normal people). That's why I thought で in its possible sense of "by way/means of" would fit it best.

[@waveshaper7213]

それ故に、警察のそうした輩へのチェックも、必然的に厳しい物となる。 this particular use of the へ partical confuses me. how does そうした輩へ mean "to those who do" when plugged in to deepl? mainly the "who do" part.

[@waveshaper7213]

okay I figured it out. the direction へ is not a physical direction and the people are not a physical diaspora it's talking about the inclination towards the demeanor/way/orientation (へ) of such an archetypal person (そうした輩). the contextual subject then becomes the "those who do"

[@epix4300]

Done

[@qwert12345asdfgzxcvb]

Can we say: sakura ga kaeru ni natta? I'm honestly just failing to see how the "wa" vs "ga", flag vs train car distinction is holding up throughout the rest of the lessons. It doesn't feel like it is being reinforced.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

In these は constructions it is always the same. if Sakura is the subject (be-er or do-er) of the sentence then obviously she takes が. Always. If we say さくらはカエルになった this is of course さくらは∅がカエルになった and that is exactly what I showed on the train map (take another look: at 6:24). Of course we don't _have_ to flag the topic. We can also use が straight out of the bottle. This is the most basic of basic structure.

[@technic1285]

Remember in an earlier video she said "は" means more "As for me" than just marking the subject. So, a more literal translation would be "As for Sakura, She turned into a frog." "She" being ”∅が” is implied as you already established it, so it is not stated (invisible). Edit: At least, that's how I understand it.

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@technic1285 Yes that is correct. は can't mark a subject, though it can define the zero particle. It is much more _agile_ than "as for" in English but since English doesn't have grammatical topic-marking "as for" is about as near as we can get. More on agility here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fJWwlounrMp1gJI

[@andreapippo6762]

うつくしく なる? if うつくしくis a noun then うつくしくに なる. or is it an adverb?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

うつくしく is the adverbial form of the adjective うつくしい and doesn't need に (it isn't a noun).

[@RenanOliveira-mx4jt]

そう言わずに見てってくださいな I'm not getting the に particle here, そう言わず 'Saying like that' and then "見てってくださいな" 'Please, Look at this', so what に is targeting here? And what am I misinterpreting here, sensei?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

そう言わずに means "without saying (like) that" - the ず is negative and the に makes it into and adverb governing the head verb 見る (just as it did with なる in the examples in this video) so it is telling us how 見る should be done (without saying that). 見てって is short for 見ていて which is the て-form of 見ている so what it is literally saying is"please be watching (this). What it means is "please watch this for a while" - very logical - a request to do the continuous action. So if the clauses belong together, it would be something like: "without saying that (sort of thing, just) watch this for a short while."

[@littlefishbigmountain]

So it’s a valid sentence to say something like, 「十九時に神社に大人になる。」for example?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

No. に marks the destination of movement and the location of a person or thing, but _not_ the location where an action takes place (なる counts as an action - although some very "passive" actions like standing or sitting don't). This is marked by で.

[@littlefishbigmountain]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Oh, I see. That makes sense with Lesson 8b in mind. Thanks for the clarification. What about 「土曜日にお店に卵を買いに行く。」?

[@deedanner6431]

Is there a time when へ is used but に never should be?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes. Although they overlap when talking about literal places, the difference is that に refers to specific places and へ more to directions. So we can use them both for going to a place (but there is a subtle difference, as へ is talking more about the journey (going in the direction of the place - it often sounds a little more poetic for that reason). Where に cannot substitute for へ is when we are strictly speaking of a direction. So we can say 北へ行きます but we would not normally say 東に行きます. If we did we would be treating "the East" as a place rather than a direction - so 東に行きます means "I went to the East" rather than "I went east". It is not often used as you will see if you google the two phrases in quotes. The reason I use the ます-form here is because if you Google 東に行く you will find quite a lot of examples. Can you guess why? I'll put a space so you can try to work it out on the journey as you コメントの下へ行きます The answer is that 東に行く, like all logical clauses, can be used as an adjectival (the going-east person etc.) Because the ます helper verb is essentially a sentence-ender it can't be used adjectivally.

[@YUGAMISEKAI]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 こんにちは、Cure Dolly先生! When you say 東に行く can be used as an adjectival, do you mean it like using a verb in the beginning of a sentence? For example, would 東に行く恋人たちはラーメンを食べました be "The lovers who went east ate ramen"?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

@@YUGAMISEKAI Your example is just the sort of thing I mean. A verb can never be at the beginning of its _own_ clause but an adjectival clause can contain a verb that will obviously precede the main verb of the sentence (if there is one - i.e. if it is an A does B sentence).

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Well actually a verb can be at the beginning of a very short adjectival clause such as 笑った犬 - the dog that laughed.

[@YUGAMISEKAI]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 分かりました、ありがとうございます!

[@カペラマヌエル]

If we were to say サクラはかえるをなった, would that mean anything? What?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Nothing because を marks a direct object, only a transitive action can take a direct object and なった is inherently intransitive. (It is also self-move as the two concepts completely overlap at this point. I.e. you can become a frog but you can't become someone else a frog.

[@カペラマヌエル]

@@organicjapanesewithcuredol49 Thank you.

[@zorro727]

I oftenly see in animes character saying about themselves「力になる」or「力になりたい」. This is a kind of figure of speech, isn't it?

[@organicjapanesewithcuredol49]

Yes it means "help" or "be of help" to someone. Often it is in forms like さくらの力になりたい - literally "I want to become Sakura's strength" - this means "I want to be a help and support to Sakura".