Origins of Genus Homo-Southern Africa and Origin of Homo; Adaptive Shifts; Energetics and Ecology

This symposium explores evidence bearing on the emergence of our genus, focusing on possible antecedents to Homo, changes in diet and body form as Australopithecus evolved toward Homo, ancient species within the genus, and evolutionary processes likely operating 2.5 - 1.5 million years ago. Recorded on 02/05/2016. [4/2016] [Show ID: 30633]
More from: CARTA: Origins of Genus Homo
(www.uctv.tv/genus-homo)
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Science and technology continue to change our lives. University of California scientists are tackling the important questions like climate change, evolution, oceanography, neuroscience and the potential of stem cells.
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(www.uctv.tv)

[@SolaceEasy]

I am just getting a chance to look at this 5 1/2 years after it was first presented. I'm so glad that uctv keeps these up. Thank you!

[@moonoggin]

Nice speaking and plenty of knowledge. Some of my favorite subjects.

[@sujeshchandran9143]

Very informative lectures👍🏽👍🏽

[@shepergames3734]

Thanks for this upload. Super interesting.

[@dpcealla]

Great lectures! They add to the fabulous and still unsolved puzzle of how we became human!

[@williamaaronberryiii6538]

Became is a little dramatic, we are all evolving and like the picture of a movie film no one point is a change over to anything. The passing of time is the only way to define a distinct difference in a species. We are different than humans of the 1800s but they are considered human. Another 1000 years from now and many things may be different, so what will we be called then? Neo-humans?

[@jameseames4754]

@@rorytennes8576 School Vouchers. The federal government should devolve as much choice to local authorities. It would be good for everyone if the public education system was less monopolistic / had more diversity.

[@saminabinet]

@@williamaaronberryiii6538 neo-androthals

[@michaelsiddle837]

@@rorytennes8576 can You please explain then Rory, which came first, the mouth or the anus? And what happened in between the “evolution” of either? You can’t because they had to exist simultaneously. Theories of evolution fall apart when you apply logic and practical tests!

[@michaelsiddle837]

@@rorytennes8576 you seem to forget these are only theories there is no proof whatsoever, only conjecture. Logic tells you a mouth would not evolve by itself as it would serve no purpose. You are also ignoring the fact that an animal could not survive without nutrition so the theories are clearly nonsense.

[@maryjanewhite5710]

Thank you, as always, for posting these. Watching happily while snowed in in NE Iowa!

[@kentuckywoman9863]

Enjoy while you have it Mary.Quilt free.I will be doing the same when it hits here in Kentucky.

[@nneichan9353]

Thank you, wonderful lectures.

[@conner13.c16]

The last talk reminded me of one lecture I attended when I was a med student in which they explained about how when reaching certain level of oxigen consumption the body shifted from a fat consuming metabolism to a glucose consuming metabolism. I think it might be related with this last talk we just watched.

[@johnrogan9420]

Brain 🧠is pure glycose!

[@KeithsTVHD1]

In 7 to 8 million years from now our bones will be looked at like this.

[@insAneTunA]

Great lecture.

[@soundminedd]

Captivating ❤❤

[@zaimahbegum-diamond1660]

wood chipper? lol. Fascinating talks. Thank-you. Specially energy expenditure.

[@thatkidwholovesfighting7638]

AMAZING SPEECH

[@leemosby8852]

Actual text starts at: 1:31, elapsed time. ---Lee

[@TimL1980]

Very entertaining lectures - apart from the unnecessary and lame reductio ad absurdum that apparently any lecturer has to put into their talks

[@MymilanitalyBlogspot]

There is a quagga preserved in Milan, Italy, in the Natural History Museum. Have you sampled its DNA, too?

[@jessicawollstonecraft348]

Maybe we bypassed the energy expenditure homeostasis barrier by applying the intelligent manipulation of the our environment to the task of externalising energy consumption...and further refined that process by transmitting effective methods culturally. If intelligence fed free (in terms of homeostasis) energy in this way, the free energy was used to make children, and the children were a positive selection for that kind of intelligence use, the paradox would look a lot more like a feedback loop. So, does thinking up (or learning from peers) and making a tool cost less energy than growing an equivalent in/on/from our bodies?...driving a car certainly _seems_ to require a lower, or possibly more diffuse over time*, energy cost than developing the ability to and then running at sixty miles an hour for hours on end. *With memory acting as a kind of cognition based fat; allowing people stop doing a complex task when it's using too much energy and pick it up later when more is available.

[@curtdenson2360]

It is my belief it will take 100 years to get this right due to politics in Universities, putting out this crap!

[@macnutz4206]

Homo Naledi has been dated since this video was made. Before the dating, everyone was assuming Naledi fossils were around two million years old. However, a very solid date has been determined, via bones encased in flow stone. The fossils are between two hundred and fifteen and three hundred and thirty five thousand years old, much newer than originally believed. Naledi had an odd combination of modern and primitive features. That has muddied the picture, in a big way. They now have more fossil bones of Naledi than any other ancient homo, with the exception of Neanderthal.

[@baronsamedi7304]

One location, "homo erectus" has far more fossil evidence spread from southern Africa to Mongolia over a long period of time, more of a long term species complex and obviously where the answer lies, lots of jumping to conclusion with Nadeli.

[@josiahlim6067]

baron Samedi 8tower of Babel in shiner

[@kentuckywoman9863]

@@josiahlim6067 :That has nothing to do with homo erectus or the tower of babel.LMAO!

[@kentuckywoman9863]

@@baronsamedi7304 Agree baron.

[@edkuijper1155]

Very interesting, i think the reality, also for the human evolution. Migration and admixture has been a constant factor.

[@alec2726]

WOW! I didn't know Art Garfunkel was into Anthropogeny. This field is full of interesting studies and the first lecturer is great!

[@naimulhaq9626]

Survival needed 'meditation' in addition to hunting and other activities like tool making, digging for nuts and roots etc., as the most important aspect of increased creativity, on the journey to human conditions of homo-sapiens. Gathering knowledge of source of food, survival strategy etc., also needed meditation.

[@curtdenson2360]

It is my belief it will take 100 years to get this right due to politics in Universities, putting out this crap!

[@kelpking4484]

I never really cared about evolution or didn't belive but it's so interesting and we are great apes it's just so cool

[@keekwai2]

A fully grown human just discovering what sort of animal it is for the first time. You should add this day to your journal. lol

[@kelpking4484]

@@keekwai2 lol I just didn't know how far back and it's just so fascinating how we advanced so much and now we are bald apes with complex consciousness and ego that have phones and cars and shit, it's crazy.

[@myopenmind527]

Homo naledi are now dated to 250,000 years ago. The lived at the same time as Neanderthal were in Europe, the Denisovans were in in Siberia, anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) were appearing in Africa before spreading across the entire planet.

[@jameseames4754]

@neil u Chinese have the standard 1-2% Neanderthal of all Eurasians. Denisovian DNA is found today in Papua New Guinea and Polynesia

[@jameseames4754]

I'm reminded of Death Note when I see a "person" type haha or lmao and I'm pretty sure that he himself didn't think what he wrote was funny.

[@kaktotak8267]

Regarding the energy budget. Wouldn't weaker muscles of humans help save some energy? It is possible that compared to other apes, human muscles are designed to be energy efficient rather than powerful.

[@computerager]

I think it's more the mechanical structure into which the muscles are incorporated that saves energy: humans are adapted to walk/run upright with great efficiency.

[@alec2726]

Anything in the fossil record that had Homo Sedika with ear-studs?

[@ralphnabozny8494]

who got the talas bone?

[@ShahinNe]

Interesting findings...

[@loricalass4068]

They aren't findings at all. They are conjectures presented as gawd's truth facts. Let's see how pseudo science is being used to convince you that you are nothing but a fish update who sprang from some antiscientific primal pond type scenario, and who certainly doesn't have a Heavenly Father Who...loves...you. Then let's look at some real science, a bit outside the box. . We have been told that life came from inorganic matter. Now, science must have observable data to be valid and must not ignore the actual data. The actual data, per the LAW of Biogenesis? Life always comes only from life and life of the same kind. Theories are fine if they don't defy the actual evidence. Even in labs, with intelligent design and high tech equipment, life has never been created. The best they can do is take an already living cell and alter it with genetic engineering, or get a few components of the cell, not nearly all of them at al, which never come close to being alive.. . The needed proteins and other components of a cell are not only not all there, they are not arranged as they need to be arranged - in statistically impossible ways if random chance had put them together. No one has even gotten close to creating life. It should be easy. Just take a simple cell or any life form that has died. There you have all the components needed for life - except life. So why can't anyone do a Dr. Frankenstein on any of them? (And kindly don't say that evolution doesn't "do" abiogenesis. Look. It's in evolution writings and documentaries, and all over the net and YT.) . We have also been told as gawd's truth scientific fact that a 3 foot high ape type creature, an Australopithecus, Lucy, was your great, great etc. granny. Based on? Some minor similarities, namely "similar homology", namely the Correlation Does Not Imply Causation logical fallacy. The fact that she was pretty much like any other ol' Australopithecus was irrelevant to them. Incomplete Comparison logical fallacy. . Since evolutionists are always disagreeing with one another on everything, now some of them say, No, it wasn't Lucy but some other such creature. Some creature with no evidence it existed. Presuming Omniscience logical fallacy. . Now how do they know Lucy et al even had a single descendant, much less one significantly different from it, much less one that could turn into you? Presuming Omniscience logical fallacy. . Guess for how long any "transitions" are missing between you and Lucy or some other transition du jour? Oh, for just 2 to 5 million Darwin years! The rocks say no transitions exist. The evo spin, their Presuming Omniscience logical fallacy, tells you, again as gawd's truth scientific fact, that they are just "missing." . We've also been told that we came via a fish, Tiktaalik. The story goes that this...fish...was found in just the right place for a "transition". Problem is, it's 100% nothing but a...fish. See Wiki describing it as "an extinct species of lobe finned fish." Google the fossil of Tiktaalik, which is mostly missing. Do those tiny fin fragments look like they could be said to be turning into legs - without the Presuming Omniscience logical fallacy? Yet we see all sorts of fanciful art work of Tik with long, muscular "evolving" legs, bending as the fish transits, supposedly, to land. The real evidence? . In countless billions of fossils and in living examples, all we ever see are 100% fish and 100% tetrapods/four legged animals. (No, mud skippers and "walking" catfish are not transitions. They are using their 100% fins in an unusual way, similar to a flying fish which is no way turning into a bird.) . Evolutionists are constantly picking up fossils like Tiktaalik from the ground and telling you, for up to over a 100 million Darwin years, what happened to their invisible and evidenceless billions of "descendants." Never ask them how to tell missing links from non existent links. And then they accuse Christians of being into "magical thinking." And, as a former atheist, I agreed with that! . You are not a fish update. You are infinitely more than that. Here is some actual, observable and documented evidence, to help you see that: Now in the Bible we are told of a Man Who believed in Adam and Eve and Noah as being actual, historical figures. The Bible says He did miracles and told others to do things like raise the dead and heal the sick. It also describes His death and burial. Is there any actual scientific data to support those stories? . See secular news reports about Val Thomas, dead for 17 hours but now alive and normal after prayers from her family and her Church. kzbin.info/www/bejne/qYGrqpapfsl1Z7s . . See Medical Marvel Beyond Chance, from a secular source, with a pediatrician giving his report. this one attesting to a dying child's healing which cannot be explained by modern medicine, and came after a relative laid hands on her and prayed for her. kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqrOoGBra7N2idk The DNA in every cell in her body was transformed. . See CBN's short vid with Dean Braxton. You'll hear his critical care doctor, rated the best patient care doctor in Washington state, saying "It is a miracle...a miracle..." that Braxton is alive, has no brain damage and is normal in every way. Why? He had no heart beat and no respiration for 1 3/4 hours! His family believed in divine healing and they and others were praying for him. kzbin.info/www/bejne/mWS9m6dup5KbhKM . Also see CBN Dr. Chauncey Crandall Raises A Man From The Dead. kzbin.info/www/bejne/qV6ai56imrGoZ9k Part 1. This video is a bit faded but has the most complete information on this story. . Get Dr. Richard Casdorph's book The Miracles. There he gives medical documentation for miracles, mostly, but not all, from Kathryn Kuhlman's healing services. Casdorph came to Kuhlman's meetings to debunk her but turned into a supporter, as did other doctors. You can see him and other doctors in some of her healing services on YT. (She is now deceased.) Delores Winder is one of the cases documented in his book. You can watch her amazing story on YT with Sid Roth. kzbin.info/www/bejne/eZfHeGiZr8aIjpI The book The Audacity of Prayer by Don Nordin lists medically documented miracles. . On Andrew Wommack's vids you can see doctors talking about "miracles" too. Check out the YT vid with the ophthalmologist who says Yes, Ronald Coyne could see out of an empty eye socket after a faith healer prayed for him. You can see him doing demos. At the end of the book Don't Limit God you see a medical statement by a doctor saying that his patient used to have M.S. and diabetes but is now cured. Do you think that Someone Who can raise the dead and heal people of deadly "incurable" diseases, Someone Who created time, space, matter, energy and you - needed "evolution" to make life forms? No, He created them fully formed and fully functional in 6 days just as Genesis, a Book He always supported, tells you. . Then there is the Shroud of Turin. If you don't know, the Shroud is a linen burial shroud with the faint image of a crucified man on it. If you have heard that the Shroud was proven to be a Medieval fake based on carbon 14 testing, in the documentary Jesus And The Shroud of Turin, you can see the very inventor of carbon 14 testing saying that the sample was invalid due to contamination. . kzbin.info/www/bejne/joXXdZusoMSUrZY . The vid demonstrates many miraculous features such as pollen from Jerusalem and faint images of flowers that are found only in the Jerusalem area during the spring, as at Passover when Messiah was crucified. With modern technology we also see that the Shroud has an x ray quality which even reveals the bones and dentition of the Man on the Shroud. . In the 70s a NASA scientist noticed the Shroud's photographs had inexplicable, unique in the world, qualities. He got up a team of scientists, called STURP, to examine it in person in Italy. (No, the Shroud is not "just a Catholic thing" as the Vatican only came into possession of it fairly recently in history.) They used NASA, and other, high tech equipment, with 100s of thousands of hours of research. Their findings are seen all over the net and were published in respected science journals. . The team was composed of 3 Jews, at least one agnostic and one atheist, and people of various faiths. They all agreed on these things: The Shroud image was not painted on, and they have no clue how it got there. It exactly matches, down to blood stains where a crown of thorns would be, the description of Messiah's death and burial as given in the Bible. The image could not be duplicated with modern technology. . About the Shroud I say "If it looks like a duck, quacks like a duck and waddles like a duck, maybe it's a duck." . Maybe that Man on the Shroud is your very Best Friend and Savior. I pray you will find that out. You're going to need a miracle some day friend. They are out there in abundance for those who humbly seek them from their Creator, the One Who made all that DNA out there, and Who said, "Whoever comes to Me I will no way cast out."

[@georgeelmerdenbrough6906]

@@loricalass4068 Projection is a desperate move and a clear sign of a changing time . Do not hold your breathe underwater with your beliefs , go with the tide . Its unstoppable because its right .

[@loricalass4068]

@@georgeelmerdenbrough6906 Notice the difference between your post and mine. Mine is filled with references to observable scientific data. Your post not only doesn't try to enlighten me by refuting what I said, it says nothing based on science whatsoever! Move from vague philosophical meanderings to actually doing science. That requires references to data, to evidence. But I'll give you a chance to show that you actually understand these issues and can "move with the tides" and be "unstoppable" in your cogent defense of what you have so much...faith...in. There is a fast and easy way for you to convince me that evolution happens. You only have to use 1 or 2 sentences to do that. Just provide the information I request below. First, we are told that the two forces driving evolution are natural selection and "beneficial" mutations. So fine. Name a life form. Then name an act of natural selection, or a mutation, that you can demonstrate is causing the life form to "evolve" as the result of either of those. Now remember that the poster kids for evolution are things like antibiotic resistant and nylon eating bacteria, snowflake yeast, some geckos, spotted salamanders, walking stick bugs, fruit flies, peppered moths, sickle cell anemia victims and lactose intolerant people. The problem is - and this is always true in evolutionary claims - the so called proof proves the exact opposite of what is claimed. The bacteria, yeast, geckos, salamanders, walking stick bugs, fruit flies, peppered moths, and people - and all their descendants - are staying nothing but bacteria, yeast, geckos, salamanders, walking stick bugs, lizards, fruit flies, peppered moths, and homo sapiens. Or, if that is not true, what are they "evolving" into that is not still bacteria, yeast, a gecko, a salamander, etc? Cite your data. No one ever gives the data asked for, however. They may change the subject, or make excuses. They may try to pass the buck and tell me "Your answers are out there on the net. Somewhere." At the same time they don't show that they, themsleves, have done any research at all on the topic. They may put down a glut of words, but none of those words ever names the life form, or the act of natural selection or beneficial mutation, that I asked for. Now, there are countless life forms out there. The vast bulk of them are microscopic ones that multiply at rocket rates. Further, we are told that evolution is going on all the time. Surely, if evolution is true, you ought to be able to find just one life form, as requested, and offer your evidence that natural selection or a mutation is causing it to evolve? Since some find my questions, above, too complicated for their tastes, allow me to break them down simply. All you have to do is fill in the blanks in the following sentences: "The life form that is evolving is called ______________. The act of natural selection or beneficial mutation that is causing it to evolve is ________________." Once again, remember that change is not evolution. You changed from your parents and they changed from theirs. Are any of you any less, 100%, homo sapiens than any of the others? Have any of you evolved into something that is not still just a human being? If the anwer is yes, cite your data. Real science requires real evidence. When we are told as gawd's truth fact that such and such is true and there is zero observable data to support that idea, and when, in fact, we are told that such and such is true when it actually contradicts the data, what do we have? Pseudoscience. But, hey, if you like thinking you have a bunch of hairy knuckle draggers hanging from your family tree, and don't want to believe you are "fearfully and wonderfully made" and loved by your Creator, who am I to burst your bubble? .(If you reply to me and I don't respond, well my posts not uncommonly get shadow banned under evolution friendly vids.)

[@georgeelmerdenbrough6906]

@@loricalass4068 Thats because you are far from unique and are predictable . Life is too precious to bandy words with unreasoned zealousy .

[@psalm1tree466]

@@georgeelmerdenbrough6906 "Life" isn't "too precious" to get on YT and make irrelevant comments, though, is it? We both know you can't answer those questions and, in fact, currently probably don't even understand them. But you are real sure you are defending science! I will leave some information for those (who knows, you might be one of them) who actually want to think things through and don't want to live a life playing verbal dodge ball when challenged for actual, reality based, facts. After that you will go on mute as you are really not saying anything. Are you willing to take a serious and open minded look outside the box? If nothing else you can hear what the creationists are really saying, not the spin about what they are saying. On this web page you can see Nobel Prize winning scientists, and other secular scientists - including some world famous evolutionists - admitting there is no evidence for evolution. You can see them calling evolution a kind of religion, something that leads to "anti knowledge", etc. Notice how many of these secular scientists acknowledge evidence for a Creator. freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1435562/posts?page=41 Are you aware that more and more blood cells, blood vessels and soft stretchy materials are being found in dino bones? Forensic science and common sense tell us such things could not last for more than a few thousand years. Go to Genesispark to see ancient art depictions of dinos from around the world. My fave is the stegosaurus carved on a 1,000 year old Cambodian temple.www.genesispark.com/exhibits/evidence/historical/ancient/dinosaur/ That site has lots of info on soft tissues and blood cells being found in dino bones, and historical reports of dino type creatures, including some from the famous historian Herodotus and from Alexander the Great. All information is gleaned from secular sources. See Don Patton's The Fossil Record and many others. In this link he uses the fossil record to place evolutionary and creation predictions side by side. You can see for yourself what the real record of the rocks shows: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nYTSl2mwlLOip9U ThomasKindell's vids are great, especially Thermodynamic Evidence for Creation where, in the first 10 minutes you hear quotes from prominent evoutionists like: "Evolution is unproven and unprovable. We believe it because the only alternative is special creation and that is unthinkable." kzbin.info/www/bejne/f2LcpaJmYt9lmLM Wazooloo vids, particularly The Mathematical Impossibility of Evolution and So Ya Think Yer A Chimp are full of scientific facts presented in an often humorous way. kzbin.info/www/bejne/o5u0paSdaN6soM0 kzbin.info/www/bejne/b4uro5avbdFsmbc This vid goes over the Ashley Phosphate fossil beds which show a vast, 18 inch deep, jumble of fossils including those from dinos, people, rabbits, horses, rhinos, whales and on and on. kzbin.info/www/bejne/aqOklauZZq9-fqM Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed shows the politics of Neo Darwinism which harasses and expels those in academia and the media who even hint that there MIGHT be evidence for a Creator. kzbin.info/www/bejne/anmoo6CmarWtp9k . Physicist Dr. Russell Humphreys gives scientific evidences for why people believe in a young, yes young, earth. Check it out and see: kzbin.info/www/bejne/o6DSeYaOibdliKc And regarding the speed of light "problem", there are many unproven assumptions about light. It was always assumed, for instance, that the speed of light is constant. Now some secular scientists are saying it is slowing down. Two scientists, one an atheist astronomer in Russia, and one an astro physicist in America, have independently calculated that the speed of light may recently have been 10 million times faster than it is today. However, here is another perspective. We have found that space, as in outer space, is stretchy. Several times in the Bible we are told that the Almighty stretched out the Heavens. This would mean the light from stars got stretched out, too, thus creating a false impression of distant time for light travel. (And, anyway, the Bible never even gives an age for the universe, only ages of the earth.) Great scientific, archaeological, linguistic, and historical reports supporting the Flood and the Ark. kzbin.info/www/bejne/rWbKc4aLed9qqM0 You are not a goo through the zoo ape update. You were created in the image and likeness of the Almighty Creator Who loves you. Why are you trading in those astounding truths of who you are for pseudoscience fairy tales that even secular scientists can't agree on? Rhetorical Q.

[@Notmehimorthem]

Naledi is now dates to around dated to between 335,000 and 236,000 years ago. Ludicrously recent considering brain size

[@Nickle314]

So the persistence hunting. How does that work in cold climates where its hard to cause heat stress?

[@richardblankenship5481]

Nickle In the summer, in the temperate zones, it still gets every bit as it does in the tropics. Also, the Indians used to run down animals in deep snow as recorded by Samuel Hearne in Journey to the Northern Ocean. The cowboys in the American Midwest would, when they wanted to capture new horses, would “walk them down.” They would just start walking toward a horse heard. The herd would run off, the cowboys would simply follow their tracks until they came up to them again and the process would repeat. It usually took a few days but regardless of the environment, we still have the best endurance of any creature on the planet.

[@pavel9652]

@@richardblankenship5481 Thanks, I never heard about tactic used by cowboys.

[@WintrBorn]

I wish I understood why people really think posting a huge wall of text - especially one lacking coherence - will magically convince people their belief is somehow more correct.

[@jameseames4754]

Some people merely like the sound of their own voice. Maybe no theory of mind.

[@gaylecheung3087]

Oh no not again every time you change the title is the same documentary

[@naimulhaq9626]

Hunting and gathering was accompanied with knowledge gathering, learning about different flora and fauna, resources of new food types and above all development of spiritual realizations like voodoo etc., sharpening 'meditative wisdom' by cultivating human routines and sharpening creativity, when mankind even amazingly discovered the pineal gland as center that helps in the development. Out of Africa the Indians discovered mathematics (arithmetic, geometry etc.) as by the Vedic rishis. It turns out the African discovered many of the mathematical methods before they left Africa. Key quality gathered by the people of Ethiopia/ Somalia region producing the first religions, mathematics and discover the secrets of creativity.

[@edpell437]

What about the aging of meat?

[@grippysocksang3l]

what does that have anything to do with the ancestry/origin of the genus Homo

[@paulingvar]

They did not save the antelope for a week. Instead it was consumed by sharing

[@davehallett3128]

@@paulingvar they also did not fight off lions cheetahs leopards hyenas vultures and other humans for a week

[@caradocapcunobelin2875]

Africa never had meat preservation until Europeans came. No need.

[@dunnel58]

Hi Stephen,. Are you actually interested in the topic? Your presentation is soporific.

[@michaelsladnick5482]

why does you butt smell like a dead skunk?

[@MrKmanthie]

Liam Dunne in other words, you're too stupid to have been able to comprehend his presentation. I found STEVEN (not "Stephen") to be a quite interesting speaker who clearly was fascinating, his data and analysis captivating and quite good, overall. If you found it "soporific" (did you just pick up that word in a Google search or something? It isn't even a good fit for your unqualified criticism!). If you can't understand something & can't follow it through the presentation, most likely it's YOU, not the speaker. Maybe if you finished high school and educated yourself on the subject at hand you'd be better able to stay awake.

[@sjors938]

So not only humus go!

[@johnrobinson4445]

The 'paradox' he speaks of disappears in the presence of reliable sources of fire and hence cooking.

[@rogerstone3068]

Well yes, but the use of fire and cooking technology is dependent upon the running and team hunting skills which require bigger brains and longer legs to have happened first - before we had the cooking skills to fuel them.

[@johnallen2771]

It's kind of weird that when we think about aliens we think of little green men. Aliens are probably just as diverse as we are, with hundreds of different forms of life, like grass, trees, animals and more intelligent creatures.

[@pavel9652]

True, but the same laws of physics and chemistry apply. They also must have similar process to evolution. So I would not be surprised if they are similar in grand scheme of things, just differ in details.

[@fellowhuman9822]

To zyl zyl: I seem to notice a pattern in your argument. Instead of arguing against the evidence, you'd rather spout "racist!" to silence your oponent and act as though you've won the argument. Such tactics are dishonest in nature, and should have been abandoned long ago.

[@georgeelmerdenbrough6906]

Zyl zyl is an afficionado of the race card . You will see his arguments shredded on one video after another without any adjustment to them from onw to the next .

[@MrKmanthie]

Fellow Human Indeed. The idiot ("zyl zyl") who spews nonsense about "racism" where there is none & in fact, the very idea of "race" isn't even part of the talk is NOT an "argument". Playing the "race card" is just a knee-jerk, reactionary response to something one obviously doesn't understand but instead of being honest about this ignorance, they feel the need to pretend to have some "insight" that leads them to yell "racism!" (that, as well, is no argument and as far as "insight", it's actually a LACK of insight). In such obnoxious, obdurate whining, that person is only making a fool of himself without even understanding how foolish is his substitution of ad hominem attacks for rational, intelligent discourse. PS: as I write this it's 7/23/19 and I don't see any comments by this person from which I deduce that he must've seen that nobody was buying his dead-end ravings and so, tucked his tail between his legs & deleted the aforementioned comments to which the responses still stand. Seems as if he obviously lacked the intelligence with which to respond in any way which might've contained the least bit of sense and/or rationality!

[@williamaaronberryiii6538]

What race when we all evolved from the same source?

[@kelpking4484]

Idk why people look at skin it's literally cause of people living in different climates for thousands of years 8000 years ago Europeans had dark skin and hair and blue eyes we are all the same species of primates and we are all great apes

[@shalevedna]

Not sure how anyone can talk about racism and races. I have spent years reading archaeology and anthropology magazines snd do w books (I am a historian, not archaeologist), but I have NEVER seen nit heard ANY scientist refer to Homo sapiens as composed from several RACES. Notice they don’t even mention the word “races.” So since the existence of several human races is false, bogus, unscientific snd basically non existent, how about we too stop refers g to us as bell go g to different raceS???? Thst will help solve the stupid issue of racism that poisons the HUMAN RACE.

[@OorahhColeman]

Are we protecting our bacteria from UV damage from our star?

[@markmiller8903]

Do we know if these human ancestors had human chromosome #2. Or even if they had 46 or 48 chromosomes?

[@spatrk6634]

Chromosome fusion is thought to happen around 4-6 million years ago. before Homo genus.

[@whoneverknow9588]

Keeper of fire/One who stands tall The power in your Brain Makes you Lord over All But the World has to pay For what you have made An Atom breakin'War makin' Road to the grave......

[@francoisehembert3243]

Looking at these old skulls I am awed at the quality of teeth.

[@dukadarodear2176]

The pastor down at The Church of Tithes for Jesus would point out that when Eve handed Adam the Apple she started an eating practice that strengthens human teeth though it did cost them the garden of Eden. None of these speakers with all kinds of degrees and Ph.Ds even mention this garden.

[@dubjohnston]

not much sugar in their diet

[@pavel9652]

@@dubjohnston What about fruits? Some fruits in addition to sugar have acids as well. But I tend to agree, less sugar and more fibers.

[@BalkanMode]

“There is no firm reason to anticipate that the intellectual capacities of peoples geographically separated in their evolution should prove to have evolved identically.” James Watson

[@keekwai2]

Pure ignorance. And no ability to look at other animals and the different characteristics between their different breeds ("races" with Homo Sapien). It all depends on the local environment they developed/evolved in. Different environments will produce different characteristics and/or skills ... with ALL animals, humans included.

[@BalkanMode]

Mark C M So where is the “pure ignorance” inJames Watson’s statement? You start an attack and proceed with statements that support what called “pure ignorance”. Are you OK?

[@jameseames4754]

@@BalkanMode I think he skipped over a word. But I can think of a firm reason. It is the social environment more than the geographic environment that selects for intellectual capacity, after an initial jumping off point. We change our environment more today that ever before. Tools, thinking, and skyscrapers can be employed in any physical environment and the social environment has been constant across geographies. Tool use drives our evolution. Its pretty easy to make a case for that in the computer age, but even a million years ago tool use, problem solving, general intelligence. They're the adaptions to end all adaptions.

[@BalkanMode]

James Eames You are talking nonsense. Two groups of homo-sapiens not only evolved for a very long time in separate geographical environments but they also mingled with other human species such as the Neanderthals. Anticipating the two groups to have evolved identical intellectual and physical capacities at the end of this separation amounts to believing in miracles and a divine intervention. The belief that “all men are created equal” and explaining any “inequalities” in terms of “systemic racism” is the dogma of our time. The self identifying “progressives” are members of a new religion which will do everything to hide even such obvious realities. We normally think the right are religious freaks. Now left are even freakier religious fanatics. One has to be delusional to go out and shriek BLM in the middle of a pandemic.

[@jameseames4754]

@@BalkanMode The all men are created equal is about individual political sovereignty, not I.Q. I'm not saying each and every distinct human population is 100 percent identical genetically or culturally. I'm suggesting the amount of intelligence humans have is not an adaption to an environmental stimulus. Its an arms race. Every human population is under social selection to develop more sophisticated tool use to maximally exploit the environment. A synonym for intelligence is general problem solving. Art, concepts, skyscrapers.... it isn't as though we are evolving longer necks to fill a particular niche. We're building rocketships to leave the planet. Competition with other animals didn't produce that. Social/sexual selection did. And I'm saying that existed in equal quantities across populations during the time the sapiens sapiens was evolving. Equal quantities because it outweighs every other geographically peculiar factor. Culture is different. People argue about Islam versus Christianity and is democracy really the worst form of government, but there was no culture before agriculture, was there? Not in any way that would change what I"m saying.

[@kelamuni]

perhaps they should just disable comments on KZbin. seems more often it's racist trolls or idiot fundamentalists making comments.

[@MrKmanthie]

kelamuni ...oh yes! That is one universal constant about You Tube! No matter how great the topic is and/or how well done the video is, there's always at least a couple, usually more, ignorant sheep who feel the need to write comments that get further and further away from the topic of the video &, if it's, say, a nature/astronomy/paleontology, etc. topic you'll see some obnoxious, obstreperous windbags who only make fools of themselves by not contributing a single thing to any "discussion" in the comments but merely rant & rave about how their god is what's real and there's just no room in their small minds for any type of discourse, argument, etc. What a waste of time and space (just like these people, themselves!)

[@hippocrates72]

39:32 _Hadza_

[@ashleeknowlton5805]

Homo naledi update. 335000 to 236000 years ago.

[@TheShamwari]

The two horses that I once owned certainly could SWEAT so I would think that Zebras also SWEAT !!!

[@thorium222]

You are right, horses do sweat. I read that ancient horses before breeding sweated less because sweating became more important with the long endurancee excercises humans demanded from them while escaping from carnivores requires only shorter but faster sprints. I also read that horse sweat contains more electrolytes than human sweat so they lose more of the important electrolytes in a shorter time, also it gets more difficult to cool down with sweat the bigger the animal is. Combined with the fact that humans can carry water with them in vessels while horses can't, this explains why humans can run down Zebras until they collapse.

[@jameseames4754]

@@thorium222 Also, the inflexible trot/run/gallop. We put them through their paces.

[@stephencarry4854]

F****** me on a 2 minute and 18 seconds intro God damn

[@SydneyInAustralia]

Slow start up of show with too much annoying material and music.

[@TheShamwari]

It is stated that horses don NOT sweat but they do - I have owned two horses _ explain !

[@insAneTunA]

It was stated that they do not sweat when they are galloping, so what you say is not correct. Watch the video again.

[@TheShamwari]

Well ! then what was it that my horses did when I galloped along the beach ? Recon we have a new member of the ARE-souls Club !

[@insAneTunA]

@@TheShamwari Horses don't sweat like humans do, that's why humans can run much longer. Humans have a much better cooling system. Just watch the video again.

[@TheShamwari]

Let us find a marathon runner have them look after a horse for a year and then let them lead their horse as they run a marathon together !

[@phxcppdvlazi]

@@TheShamwari that experiment has already been done actually, many times. The human wins almost every time.

[@jchrg2336]

Oh daarom hou je van me? University dame(lady)...?ik hou ook van jou!

[@guy-paulroy5432]

We all enjoyed Sex, War, Hermit and all that we are today. Mongrels make for the best and Healthiest Blood. Greatness for all the Breeders.

[@nagihangot6133]

You're wrong, but speak for yourself.

[@igpoo]

Annoyed that the Duke presenter didn't get the pronunciation of quagga right. It should be pronounced with a hard g

[@hippocrates72]

44:02 _Homo Pan Gorilla Pongo_ (brain size, day range, births, lifespan)

[@johnkallsen6356]

Please! Longer intro! Please. Please. Please .. More staff members. Maybe all grad students? Why no freshmen?

[@qlibasqli1080]

Ini baru ahahahahahahah...... Aaaaaaaaxaxxxxaxaxaxxxax......

[@hippocrates72]

37:14 _Homo floresiensis_ *shrunk*

[@fog1962]

A half ton pickup load of bones...need way more evidence

[@peterleadley]

You just haven't come across it yet. It is there.

[@joykeebler2890]

As far as infectious diseases. There have been numerous spreads of them. From various different animal species... Smallpox originates from cows... Swine flu originates from pigs.... And there are other examples. Humans are more closely related to the chimpanzee than the gorilla. That is not what you observe today.

[@zylzyl3823]

US evolutionists were also strongly involved in this flourishing ‘industry’ of gathering specimens of ‘subhumans’. The Smithsonian Institution in Washington holds the remains of 15,000 individuals of various races. Along with museum curators from around the world, Monaghan says, some of the top names in British science were involved in this large-scale grave-robbing trade.3 These included anatomist Sir Richard Owen, anthropologist Sir Arthur Keith, and Charles Darwin himself. Darwin wrote asking for Tasmanian skulls when only four full-blooded Tasmanian Aborigines were left alive, provided his request would not ‘upset’ their feelings. Museums were not only interested in bones, but in fresh skins as well. These would provide interesting evolutionary displays when stuffed. Pickled Aboriginal brains were also in demand, to try to prove that they were inferior to those of whites. It was Darwin, after all, who wrote that the civilized races would inevitably wipe out such lesser-evolved ‘savage’ ones. Good prices were being offered for such specimens. There is no doubt from written evidence that many of the ‘fresh’ specimens were obtained by simply going out and killing the Aboriginal people. The way in which the requests for specimens were announced was often a poorly disguised invitation to do just that. A death-bed memoir from Korah Wills, who became mayor of Bowen, Queensland in 1866,4 graphically describes how he killed and dismembered a local tribesman in 1865 to provide a scientific specimen.5 Edward Ramsay, curator of the Australian Museum in Sydney for 20 years from 1874, was particularly heavily involved. He published a museum booklet which appeared to include Aborigines under the designation of ‘Australian animals’. It also gave instructions not only on how to rob graves, but also on how to plug up bullet wounds in freshly killed ‘specimens’. Many freelance collectors worked under his guidance. Four weeks after he had requested skulls of Bungee (Russell River) blacks, a keen young science student sent him two, announcing that they, the last of their tribe, had just been shot.6 In the 1880s, Ramsay complained that laws recently passed in Queensland to stop Aborigines’ being slaughtered were affecting his supply.

[@rtek5]

That's a lot rhetoric that says nothing. I haven't gotten far enough into this to hear anything about Aborigines, but who in this day and age thinks they were an "inferior species" and what credibility is there on those who thought that in the past? The fact that you use the word "evolutionist" in a scientific approach drops your credibility to, oh, zero.

[@zylzyl3823]

Richard N not so, not rhetoric at all, is the truth about the real side of evil-ution, the dark side that is . if you think you are safe because you have a lighter skin pigmentation, well, that shows, which side your on, but that doesn't change the truth about the racism of evolution .

[@rtek5]

zyl zyl No, the explanation of lighter skin pigmentation is by no means "safer" when those people migrated to other areas. I have a better chance of getting skin cancer in the southern US than a black person. I am taking a purely scientific approach. We are effected by racism, but it has nothing to do the science of evolution. I have an extended family of stepchildren. One of the fathers is from Hungary and he married a black woman and they had a child. Yo think I'm just going to walk away from them for "racial purity"

[@bond007spectre7]

+Richard N have a look at race and iq . Australian Aboriginal have a 62 iq and whites have a 100 iq . Can they really be the same . Come on now , people who never invented anything more than a stick are. It the same as people who invented European empires

[@airliadazen9495]

H -wite,we were not the only people with empires. take the time to read about African empires and African ruler-priest;they existed. have you been to africa? I suggest you go;not all of them are swinging from trees to get from one place to another​.

[@OorahhColeman]

WE HUNTED CERTAIN BIRDS INTO EXTINCTION

[@davehallett3128]

And when they were gone. We continued hunting other animals. And here we are. When lions eat the last zebra. They will continue to hunt other animals. There is no morality involved. Only mortality

[@jameseames4754]

@@davehallett3128 All Caps will outlast us all.

[@jermainemoss7809]

So who told you that these facial recognition are accurate with the actual species?

[@hrthrhs]

@ 35:40 - I love to pound my underground storage organs

[@OorahhColeman]

IMITATE COMMUNICATE RESIST!

[@georgeelmerdenbrough6906]

What ? Reality ?

[@MrKmanthie]

@@georgeelmerdenbrough6906 no, no, no...he's just repeating some trope he heard or read on a bumper sticker, etc. No real meaning to hackneyed slogans.

[@frankgeeraerts6243]

Evolved Or adapted ????? Nature must be a Genius ...and a VERY ETERNAL lucky gambler .....

[@phxcppdvlazi]

What?

[@spatrk6634]

? evolution is adaption. not really a genius, 99% of all species that ever lived are extinct. hence evolution failed them. you are 1% congrats

[@zylzyl3823]

Angel of Black Death A German evolutionist, Amalie Dietrich (nicknamed the ‘Angel of Black Death’) came to Australia asking station owners for Aborigines to be shot for specimens, particularly skin for stuffing and mounting for her museum employers.7 Although evicted from at least one property, she shortly returned home with her specimens. A New South Wales missionary was a horrified witness to the slaughter by mounted police of a group of dozens of Aboriginal men, women and children.8 Forty-five heads were then boiled down and the 10 best skulls were packed off for overseas. Darwinist views about the racial inferiority of Aborigines (backed up by biased distortions of the evidence since shown to be false) drastically influenced their treatment. In 1908 an inspector from the Department of Aborigines in the West Kimberley region wrote that he was glad to have received an order to transport all half-castes away from their tribe to the mission. He said it was ‘the duty of the State’ to give these children (who, by evolutionary reasoning, were going to be intellectually superior) a ‘chance to lead a better life than their mothers’. He wrote: ‘I would not hesitate for one moment to separate a half-caste from an Aboriginal mother, no matter how frantic her momentary grief’.9 Such separation policies continued until the 1960s. The demand has not entirely abated. Aboriginal bones have still been sought by major institutions in quite modern times.

[@zylzyl3823]

no one can evolve socially , there is no evil-ution in feelings . how do you evolve from happy to sad? from sad to mad ????? if that is prof for evil-ution , then you are following a religion .

[@frederickj.7702]

"A German evolutionist..." Pause now. ALERT: CRACKPOT AHEAD. PROCEED WITH CAUTION... You are entering the Exempt from Personal Accountability, Creationist Dissembling & Mendacity Zone. Expect periods of heavy fabrication with intermittent comedic absurdity and ignorant bigotry. Partial clearing possible upon re-entering evidence based reality. END ALERT.

[@mrsatire9475]

Hopefully zyl zyl is on the No Fly list already but someone needs to find out before it is too late and this nut brings us another 9/11

[@baronsamedi7304]

First sentence....BAM! Religious wacko alarm! This fucktard actually believes that nonsense in genesis chapter one and a smidge of two, 5 minutes reading, is how it happened. Watch out for chapter 7, that psychopath yaweh fucking kills every living creature on land.

[@leecurtis6354]

Maybe apes are our descendants --not our ancestors

[@thatkidwholovesfighting7638]

mind exploded for no reason 🤐😂🤣😂

[@spatrk6634]

genetics doesnt work like that. when you get your dna tested to see if you are parent of your child they dont mistake that your child is your father

[@SonOfHutch]

Still threading in evolution indoctrination...

[@raphaelbernard7954]

Piltdown man rehashed when will they stop making things up

[@mrawesome2742]

Raphael Bernard moron.

[@bretmuldner]

There no evidence!

[@budd2nd]

- for what?

[@jameseames4754]

Bigfoot? I just left him. We had tea and scones.

[@curtdenson2360]

It is my belief it will take 100 years to get this right due to politics in Universities, putting out this crap!

[@TheMickeymental]

Why cannot evolutionists defend their own beliefs.

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

They can. Read.

[@TheMickeymental]

@@philaypeephilippotter6532 They can't read,

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

@@TheMickeymental See *_Inherit The Wind_* if you're not prepared to read.

[@TheMickeymental]

@@philaypeephilippotter6532 Why?

[@TheMickeymental]

@@philaypeephilippotter6532 Maybe I should have asked the question do you agree with the movie?

[@simonruszczak5563]

The "Out of Africa" lie again.

[@rtek5]

Why do you say that? the evidence is conclusive. If your a creationist you need not answer or shouldn't even be watching videos like this or commenting on these "lies". It's not going away.

[@seekter-kafa]

shut up, whatta you know about anything!?

[@rtek5]

Doc Lex Oh, I'd say I know a lot about a lot things. If your only argument is "shut up" then I guess we're done.

[@Holy_hand-grenade]

Les Paul clearly, your IQ was from some type of remedial assessment? Or perhaps you’re just full of shit... most people who bring up their IQ in an argument have never had a real IQ test. If you did have such a high IQ, 141 being just inside the “genius” range, you would understand how definitive the genetic evidence is regarding the veracity of the out of Africa theory. Now, of course there were important environmental and hybridization events that have absolutely differentiated sub-Saharan African and non-African Homo sapiens. To continue to deny that there are sub-species of Homo Sapiens is akin to continuing to believe in biblical creationism. I say sub-species, because if we were separate species, we wouldn’t be able to breed with all other Homo sapiens. This also leads to another interesting question, which is, if Neanderthal and denisovans were able to breed with Homo sapiens, they are also by biological definition, Homo sapiens... a further removed sub-species. For better, worse or neither, sub-Saharan are possibly the only “pure” Homo-sapiens... although it is believed they may have had many backwards hybridization events with a yet unknown Homo species, possibly Heidelbergensis.

[@grzlbr]

Lesser Pauly, any morrron would know an older bone contest is subject to change, you must be a special morrron.

[@sportdutch]

No such thing as evolution.

[@phxcppdvlazi]

Gawd did it i believe in the jesus buyybulllll

[@thatkidwholovesfighting7638]

LOOK MR IF U THINK U CAN GIVE UR SO CALLED CRITICISIMS AGAINST THE VID AND GIVE EXCUSES THEN U ARE WRONG . AND WHAT AN IMPRESSIVE EXCUSE TO MAKE PEOPLE FIGHT 😏👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻 .IF U THINK THIS IS NOT FOR U THEN DO NOT GIVE UR SHITTY COMMENTS .