PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain

[@armandohasudungan]

📌MAKE THIS LECTURE STICK: FREE PRACTICE QUESTIONS HERE! 🎓 youmakr.ai/test-playground/questionnaire/673d5230859b9c170836f24c

[@Chiewrt]

I don't understand why you are able to fully explain this is 10 minutes, whilst my professor wasn't able to do so over a whole lecture. Thanks man! Love your video's

[@asitmc]

this dude saved my immuno quizzes and exams. hopefully this will save my biochem exam this semester!

[@armandohasudungan]

Yes I understand about the cytochrome mistake, but about the additional information of cytochrome bL and bH..I think it is unnecessary. I might as well have added additional information about each of the sections on the other complexes especially the ATP synthase.... You are trying to find my mistakes and then mock me with your comment. The best approach next time I suggest, is to write down any mistakes, and tell me how to improve instead of mocking the hard effort I put into this video.

[@joytinath160]

nobody is mocking you, accept your mistakes, address them and move on. we're all trying to learn here bruv

[@aletheiathreskeia1844]

@@joytinath160 Somebody named Ryan was definitely mocking him. He deleted the comment

[@sherylrox4867]

this was the only video on electron transport system that could explain me things that my textbook had..... helped a lot!! subscribed!!

[@richdog490]

quick clarification: Ubiquinone is NOT a protein. It is a lipid soluble electron carrier molecule, but it is not a polymer of amino acids

[@kirannegi7221]

Richard McLaughlin thanku sir🙏

[@KeLu92]

thanks to your videos I got 28/30 and my friend 27/30 in biochemistry! Don't know how to thank you!! :)

[@armandohasudungan]

yes it is, please watch part II

[@TheTennisaddict]

I watched this video twice before I took a quiz about the chain. It helped sooooooooooo much! Thank you!

[@syaqireen5107]

Thank you for making biochemistry easier... you have saved our lives....

[@shunjili8481]

I like the moving piece of paper of Ubiquinone~ It is so cute!

[@abdullahidaud8241]

please where is 4 hydrogen come from ?

[@Robinso516]

from the matrix, and they are not hydrogen, they are protons (Hydrogen without its electron, H+)

[@davethedm]

Cytochrome C is only capable of carrying 1 e-. Thus, it requires two Cytochrome C's to reduce 2 1/2O to H2O. The heme in Cytochrome C goes from Fe3+ to Fe2+ when reduced, thus 1 e-.

[@kitsand]

+Bob Dole Thanks. Was wondering how this works

[@poutineprin2210]

I believe you say "H" the way it was originally meant to sound. It's truly satisfying.

[@dracoola55]

I LOVE YOU MAN !!! .. You're the best teacher I swear 😭❤️

[@rbednarz1990]

time to relearn this stuff for biochem exam. i could always count on you Armando! super stoked to watch the carbohydrates video you posted not too long ago. keep drawing! you rock

[@sarahaldee6440]

Simply the most informative video I've watched on the subject. You're a lifesaver, thank you.

[@nebokibona634]

I really appreciate and salute this man,he makes me understand my lectures better

[@krantisoni4380]

I am from India...i can't understand English language clearly. but can understanding your vedio by the diagram presentations ...thankyu so much sir

[@TheWolf-xe2kz]

Thank you very much armando,you have been of great help for my exam in biochemistry!!

[@bios546]

I am a Cs student... but... I do respect bio... nd... ure drawings are great!

[@michyaoslikelle]

The protein complexes are in no particular order. They can be in any order as they can move within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Some textbooks have Complex I -> Complex III -> Complex II -> Complex IV shown to make it easier to show that Coenzyme Q picks up the reducing equivalents from Complex I and Complex II and then delivers them to Complex III

[@ThatMuslimDoctor]

Thanks! this has saved me so much time :D You make drawing those diagrams look so easy.

[@TheDoubleAA1]

Complex II is a peripheral membrane protein, not a trans-membrane protein. That's why Ubiquinol does not interact with Complex II. Other than that this video was ridiculously helpful.

[@anungproblema9707]

Ahmad A what's the difference???

[@MedicCamba]

The difference is that Complex II is not bound to the membrane. This is also because Complex II is actually Succinate Dehydrogenase (the enzyme from the TCA cycle).

[@anungproblema9707]

Sergio Camba thnks

[@andrewnunez4176]

Cheers for this, I been tryin to find out about "health mitochondria" for a while now, and I think this has helped. Have you heard people talk about - Miyason Mitochondria Masker - (do a search on google ) ? Ive heard some extraordinary things about it and my buddy got excellent success with it.

[@dipikasoni3502]

Ahmad A togpo

[@manishatat42]

You are only one to save me in this topic for my NEET EXAM thanks!

[@samuelguk49]

Much better than my professor! Thanks!

[@jodeechiangg]

cytochrome c can only carry 1 electron at a time. QH2 will give one electron to an oxidized Q that is in cytochrome b and gives the other one electron to cytochrome c.

[@Skipperj]

I always wondered how could these reactions occur outside the cell with all the other things going on? VOILA! THE INNER MEMBRANE SPACE! Thanks Armando.I am not a student,but just a curious guy.You teach very well!

[@mellyshorty22]

Beautifully illustrated. Well done 👍

[@federiconunziata2200]

in the complex 3 the reaction is divided in two fases where are oxidate 2 molecules of ubiquinol! 1)in the first step 1 QH2 release: -1e that is transferred (crossing Fe-S protein and Cytocrome b) on the Cytocrome c that leads to complex 4; -the other electron is transferred (crossing the two eme group of the cytocrome b) to an other ubiquinon, which becomes the radical form semiubiquinone; - 2 H+ that are released into the intermembrane space;

[@drfelixcapulet7551]

complex II is the succinate dehydrogenase, its fixed to the inner membrane facing to the intermembrane space and has a FAD prosthetic group. SDH oxidates succinate to fumarate and puts 2 e- and 2 h+ an FAD creating FADH2. FADH2 unloads them on Ubichinon which then carries them to Complex III (cytochrome c reductase)

[@dimpulrockzzz9420]

Actually this video is awesome 👌, it made very easy for me to understand how e- are transfered. But I think there should be a small correction in it. Actually what I think is complex 1 pumps 4H+ for 2e-. Means a single e- pumps 2H+. And compex1 transfers ONE of it's 2e- only to the UBquinone, we know in complex 2 FADH2 produces 2e- and 2H+, 1e- from complex 2 Is transfered to UBQUINONE. A net of 2e- are there with ub. Now ub transfers a total of 2e- to complex 3 now for 2e- complex3 pulls 4H+. A net of 8H+ are present in intermembrane space . Now complex3 having cytochromeC transfers a single e- only to the complex 4. For one e- complex4 pulls 2H+. Now totally there are 10H+ in intermembrane space. The ATPASE pulls 10H+ from intermembrane space to form 5 ATP. MEANS 2H+ forms 1 ATP. That means NADH2 forms 3ATP AND FADH2 forms 2 ATP. This is what I think about ETS.

[@levi--ackerman]

Thank you. I legit passed this question because of this video :)

[@andromedanwildflower3383]

Amazing video!!!! Illustrations helped me understand it so much better😄

[@AbdulhayBushra]

10 NADH b'cause we gain 2 from the main gylcolysis 2 from PDC reaction (( we have 2 pyruvate )) and 6 from Citric acid cycle (( 2acetyl Co A from the 2 pyruvates)) 2+2+6= 10

[@Diagreen19]

NO ONE explains this better than you. Thank you for your time and effort!

[@jobsyjose625]

Thank you so much sir..never heard a better explanation than this !

[@kittycat1768]

Saved me for the exam tomorrow!

[@haleybogers]

It should go: Complex I, Complex III, Complex II, and Complex IV because of when they were founded.

[@mookjung45]

So deep! Thank you so much. I'm just grade 10. So, there are many parts that new for me.

[@cloudtheavegner1000]

7:37. I have to point this out. Half an oxygen is an oxygen ATOM. Molecule is composed to atoms. O2 is the molecule. O is the atom.

[@sangeetaverma3932]

But we write this 1/2 to maintain the stoichiometric balance. If it would be 1 O atom,it will be a radical which can damage all the species present around!

[@yeendygil7979]

Thank you for all your videos, they are very helpful :)

[@katerinaereandilmudronova2487]

Great work, Armando. Really nicely explained.

[@federiconunziata2200]

in the second step an other molecule of ubiquinone release 2 electrons and 2protons 1 electron is transferred to cyt c which carries to the complex 4; the oter electron is transferred to the semiquinone which becomes ubiquinol and leaves the complex 3; and 2H+ are transferred to the intermembrane space..

[@Msnmjones]

Apparently Cytochrome C carries 1-electron. Just took an AAMC practice test... :(

[@KC-dg9pu]

youre correct

[@shubhambalaji]

ultimate channel

[@6789uiop]

Absolutely amazing. Thanks for this! Subbed A couple of minor tweaks from suggestions below... and this is 100% stellar.

[@ruksharmanihar467]

So easy to understand after watching this....

[@MK-be3yh]

Aramando is indeed right that complex II a transmembrane protein. Look up the molecular structure of the protein complex in the protein data bank (PDB), 1ZOY, and you can clearly see that it has transmembrane regions.

[@jennyzeng6180]

YOU ARE A STAR!

[@drfelixcapulet7551]

yep, the q cycle is missing, but probably he didnt explain it to keep it easily understandable. excellent video :)

[@CikguFathiah66]

Very good explaination. Easy for remember

[@Crystal-hp2lf]

Thank you soooooo much!! you're saving my ass for my Biochem exam :D

[@charmainesayi4826]

Wow..now I fully understand this topic😍

[@KJKP]

Start at 0:50.

[@MrEnceladus18]

Little misconception: The FO segment of the ATP-Synthase is called F - O ("o" the letter) not F0 (F-zero). Great video!

[@pennywisebobo]

Great video! However, I believe cytochrome C is a 1 e- carrier, not 2.

[@izkm8963]

That's truth, but there are two cytocrome C in eukaryotic cells.

[@pennywisebobo]

Exactly!^

[@aminaakram130]

Cameron Carlisle

[@danishazad7126]

Sir.... You are great👌👌👌

[@devashishgole4722]

great job sir.. Very nice explanation and so were the diagrams... it helped a lot...:-)))

[@mariyanabranzburg8320]

u r the best man!!!! Understood everything!! Great video :) thnx a lot !

[@tejchamejcha]

Cytochrome C is a ONE electron carrier and not 2.

[@user-ui8sp5th4g]

I have ATP synthase having 12 cylinders instead of 10 in my book and notes. Dude our proof allows us to draw on are written exams and if you can draw it in its entirety you get full credit. I wish i had your skills of drawing lol

[@anitha3022]

Thank you so much...... THE BEST VIDEO EVER MADE ON ETC :) Highly appreciate ur drawing skills !!!

[@abdullah0506637]

Finally I understood ETC =) ! THANK YOU SO MUCH !

[@Amiinerz]

exceptional artistry :)

[@familyz118]

so so so good! doing biochem for BDS here. thanks!

[@armandohasudungan]

Ryan, It is not me being rude, but you. Feedback by saying "this is not university level" is not feedback at all. Feedback should be saying what I did wrong and how I should improve. I wont argue with you or apologise, but I hope you can think about why I got upset and why I singled you out.

[@Jm-oj5kd]

awesome explanation! God bless you

[@satishmistry9392]

Isnt FMN reduced to FMNH2 ? What happens to this part in complex 1 ? Also where do these Hydrogen come from that being pumped ?

[@victorleon3925]

Very helpful Armando! Muchas gracias :)

[@marisdoering5756]

this video helped me so freaking much

[@cwilsonn03]

Awesome explanation and drawing... Thank you! I wish my professor could teach this well in 11 minutes.... >.

[@obaidurahmanabid3471]

this is great. thank you mr hasudungan

[@JohnOven]

Fantastic video, well explained

[@drcal7282]

cytochrome C can transfer only 1 electron at a time, and the other electron is held by separate ubiquinone in complex III. The electron being held by the separate ubiquinone inside complex III, patiently waits for another cytochrome c to bind to complex III and then transfers the electron to cytochrome c, because cytochrome c can only carry 1 electron at a time! #GRINDTIME

[@Lilymar2011]

Thank you so much!

[@lucyandljk]

Thank you so much! :) this has helped me understand much better :) :)

[@pranavajwani4555]

Why the 2 electrons create a proton gradient like he said at 5:09? Can't understand plz help

[@carlosq1020]

this is why I like chemistry and physics more, too much remembering I like problem solving

[@panayiotisantoniou5095]

I think there is a mistake.. Cytochrome C can carry 1e at a time not 2. but other than that it is amazing video thank you sir

[@harishchandrahatgir6659]

thank you so much sir..... superb video

[@ishtiaquehossain6330]

Great video! However, I do have a few questins. 1) Where does the mitochondria get such a large reservoir of protons to pump from the matrix to the intermembrane space? 2) Does the energy to pump protons to the space come from the reduction of the protein complexes? I'm sorry if my questions are a bit dumb, but I'm just starting out on this topic.

[@prschuster]

The energy comes from the concentration gradient of the protons, which are more abundant in the intermembrane space. So the energy is from the flow of protons moving with the concentration gradient. It's the same principle that is used for hydroelectric power.

[@devidrsr]

u can compete khan academy :-P hehe, awaesom tutorial , understand in first watch :-) u rock bro

[@MiladMoeiniazad]

Thanking you so much making this phenomenon completely clear for me, and one Q, the correct pronunciation of "Fo", is either "F zero" or "F O"?

[@navi7296]

Fo is pronounced as "f not"

[@sunnysingh-dt1gn]

it was great help for me.. thank you.... 😊

[@22MsAnanya]

in d book m reading , they have very well mentioned that oxidation of one molecule of NADH give 3 molecules of ATP

[@hbaidya2252]

very nice description thanks.....

[@MrUnladenswallow]

this is great, thank you mr hasudungan :)

[@28chocogirl]

Thanks alot u made this sound so easy.. :)

[@heatheramusick]

This helped me so much! Thank you thank you thank you!!! I hope you have more videos like this one... :-)

[@Indians_in_Austria]

thats really helpful. Thank-you

[@davekahat]

Little minor detail, but pretty sure Cytochrome C can only carry 1 e-. So for every QH2 that is oxidized two molecules of Cytochrome C must be reduced

[@ewwxaca]

Thankkkss

[@carolynclark1984]

"hay-CH." Thanks for a great video!

[@amelianeves2075]

amazing video! thanks!

[@edenamiel]

10:23 That is not correct. The C subunit of the F0 is bound to the membrane and does not rotate - Rather, the F1 subunit is the part which rotates.

[@fatemaboriawala2983]

The c subunit rotates into the hydrophobic lipid membrane when it accepts a proton, whereas the F1 headpiece is held stationary by the delta subunit which is attached to the long b subunit connected to the a subunit.

[@docr8105]

you are incorrect! the F0 subunit absolutely rotates (like a marry go round). I think you made an assumption that because the subunit exists within the membrane that it cannot move. please don't make assumptions and screw people trying to learn

[@nouralrifaie194]

I have a biochemistry final tomorrow, wish me luck !!

[@shrutigirdhar4577]

This was very helpful :) Thank you!

[@raquelbautista8165]

Thanks! It helped me a lot

[@lo0ody90]

You are amazing, thank you

[@nhanguyenlt7225]

thank you, very comprehensive!!!!