Physicist Reacts to Kerbal Scuffed Program 1 by martincitopants

[@kellynolen498]

what he says is true each kerbal have there own bravery/stupidity stat so they react differently danger jeb is one of the original kerbins and is near the top of the list so for most he will be one of your first pilots and hes a madlad the bravest of the bunch he smiles and acts excited when hes about to die

[@RealGrey128]

'I am about to hit the ground at mach 3 ! ' -😃

[@thehoodedteddy1335]

Jeb fears not his death

[@Voids_Enigma]

@@thehoodedteddy1335but death doth fear *him*

[@tommy.eklund]

*Kerbals, Kerbin is the planet.

[@tommy.eklund]

@@kellynolen498 Well it's not like we call humans "earthlings" either (well, aliens in works of fiction do). I understand your logic, but kerbal is the official name of the species in the game. :)

[@baldian3]

Fun fact about that asteroid you mentioned early on. If I am remembering correctly it was the same asteroid that hit Earth in the game Rage.

[@firewarrior5828]

Oh...oh dear.

[@just_that_crazy5179]

Yay! We are going to die! Yes!

[@mr.pig1528]

@@just_that_crazy5179 celebration 🎉

[@loreman2803]

Time to tell the president its a hostile power that said Americans are silly. See the nukes fly

[@cerisuite9076]

well in recent news the dart mission has been successful it seems with pushing the asteroids trajectory, the project was 325 million dollars but in the event of a possible catastrophic asteroid I'm sure money wont matter

[@cptclonks7279]

im not even joking by saying this game actually helped me in my orbital mechanics exam. Whenever we had anything to do with the ISS i could hear the KSP menu music.

[@T1A4437]

HOLY SHIT. AMAZING. I might use it for that too! How did you so it?

[@christophervanoster]

I believe Martin explains escape velocity later on. He explains basically every physics thing in the video

[@TheCrazyCapMaster]

*Against his will* 🤣

[@bludgerabled]

I love it when people who know what they're talking about watch stuff like this.

[@461Dragonman]

Amazing content as always, can't wait for you to react to the rest of the parts!

[@davecrupel2817]

"For every male action, there's a female overreaction" 😂😂😂☠️ That is hysterical bro!

[@rodin670]

and then she gave him a hard side eye and directly proving his point XD

[@TheKsenpai]

games like this make me think that this is how education should be done, it should be entertaining. If it's entertaining you have a better chances at having fun at the thing, and thus better learning results. Instead of the "oh god oh no, another test, pls kill me" kind of education we have now.

[@honzasenbauer612]

Yes and no. As much as I would love to learn everything from a game, that will simply take you more time and it cannot teach you everything, unless it becomes boring. KSP has kinda the advantage, that it dumbs down all of the processes behind the real world and it gives you more immediate control without needing to calculate much. And the player wants to learn just because wants ti enjoy more of it. But it takes longer for him to learn it than if he was in school with a teacher that can explain stuff for you (I know it doesn't really work like that in schools, but its much faster than learning in game) What I would do, is insert a game like KSP to your subject of study, to hook your students and to show what you teach them on examples in the game. That way people will be much more engaged in the boring stuff, as it allows them to have fun. And btw my school does this to a degree. My lectures from Basic Electro Engineering have us thrown in the pit with a Tokamak reactor. How it should work and how its built. But they show you a presentation, its quite overwhelming and you don't really learn all of this stuff. So I would prefer if someone made a game where you almodt realistically build some shit and try how it works. Ahh fuck maybe that can be my project for Bachelor's thesis if I get through this shit

[@rompevuevitos222]

@@honzasenbauer612 That's why they are used as a tool, educational games are often used in classes for younger kids to teach pretty effectively No one is saying "boot up chemistry simulator and become a chemist in no time", but simply "learning should be entertaining" Because if you're having fun, you're more likely to remember what you learned simply due to being a happy memory

[@TheKsenpai]

@@honzasenbauer612 you surely haven't gone to a public school where there are 30-50 kids in one class. You are not getting the teacher to explain jack shit. At least that's how it was for me, teacher simply doesn't have the time, nor the monetary motivation. Generally in cases like that, teachers have 1-3 favorites in class, and they might have a chance for individual explanation, but for everyone else in class? tough luck. Private schools are a different matter though.

[@honzasenbauer612]

@@TheKsenpai I know, that why I said in the () that it doesn't always work like that. I have gone through the same boring thing as you did, and I know its wrong, but what can we do with the teachers being demotivated

[@TheKsenpai]

@@honzasenbauer612 teachers are demotivated for two things, first one is low wages and second is too much worlkload. That's where education trough video games would help out a lot. not as a replacement for teachers, but as a tool that would lessen the workload for them and give more time for individual tutoring if their students need it.

[@JoshSweetvale]

1:20 Fun fact, the Apophis asteroid is named after the Space Emperor bad guy from Stargate SG-1. Him t(hr)owing a space rock at Earth was the plot of an episode. Also Egyptian mythology, the god of Entropy that tries to eat the sun every night.

[@Hazerithious]

That side-eye should have been returned with a doubled down "Case in point!"

[@ИванМартемьянов-м7б]

Do more! His videos get exponentially more enjoyable the more he makes them!

[@Niemandzockt]

Thank you Chill Zone! Your Escape Velocity Lecture cured my insomnia! You are a miracle worker!

[@PerfectDeath4]

There is a meme out there, it shows a graph. X for the person's life progression Y for their understanding of orbital mechanics. There are spots along this graph where he marks notable events. First mark is for Highschool physics, his understanding of orbital mechanics goes up. Then the next mark is placed when he starts college/university physics and the line goes down. They realize they do not understand orbital mechanics that well, but it does trend up again after a while. Then they get a job with NASA and the line drops back down, it tries to go back up but kind of plateaus. That is until they start playing kerbal space program and suddenly they can rapidly run simulations and attempt orbital maneuvers within minutes instead of YEARS. Orbital Mechanics understanding goes up. A lot.

[@RedneckRapture]

The most internet scientific sentence I've ever heard: "You want to yeet yourself off the Earth."

[@arium7846]

As someone who's really into chemistry and physics, this was such a nice watch. Great video!

[@BillekStudios]

you are the first reaction channel to actually credit the video. Love the content. keep it up :)

[@_Trash_Goblin]

I believe in a later video of the series he explains the heat generation around the craft isn't technically friction, but something else. Like the air particles are trying to move out of the way but can't do so fast enough. Heck if I remember the details, physics was hell for me. Can't wait to see your reaction to the rest, though!

[@MrEmiosk]

No... that is friction, the air atoms moves which is how heat works. Something very hot, its atoms moves very fast, if it is very very cold, atoms don't. The plasma flare around the space craft is not the vehicle burning, however, the heat generated by the friction against the craft, and how super condensed the air becomes in front of the craft, the air itself becomes so thick that it starts to cause friction within the gas itself, self igniting the gas which then becomes the the plasma flare we see. There's nothing technical about it, it is friction all the way.

[@J7Handle]

@@MrEmiosk It is not really friction, though. When you compress gas, the temperature increases, and when you decompress gas, the temperature decreases. Friction doesn't explain decreasing temperature in the decompression case, so clearly something else is happening here. Firstly, heat is really just disorderly kinetic energy. What we normally think of as kinetic energy is a bunch of atoms moving in one direction together, but heat is essentially a bunch of atoms bumping into each and bouncing around, or perhaps just vibrating in place if we're talking about a solid. Friction produces heat because atoms on different surfaces have weak forces between them called Van Der Waals forces, which transfer kinetic energy. But that kinetic energy transfers in a disorderly fashion due to the non-uniform nature of the surfaces, turning ordered kinetic motion into disordered motion, aka heat. So how are compression and decompression different than friction? In the case of decompression, as particles of gas move apart from eachother, they collide both less frequently and with less relative velocity (naturally, because they are moving apart). But heat is essentially the total disordered kinetic energy in the gas. If the gas particles are colliding with less relative velocity, then they are colliding with less kinetic energy. Less kinetic energy means less heat. In the case of compression, the opposite is true. As gas particles move closer together, they collide more frequently and with more energy, meaning more heat. When a vehicle reenters the atmosphere, it compresses the air in front of it, causing the air to heat up. This heat then transfers to the vehicle via conduction and radiation in the case of the plasma. Friction between the air and the vehicle generates negligible heat by comparison. This explains why blunt bodies receive less heat during reentry than others. The blunt body pushes the compression wave further ahead of the vehicle, which gives the air time to cool down via radiation before contacting the surface of the vehicle. Essentially, the blunt body uses the air closest to it as insulation from the air further ahead.

[@MrEmiosk]

@@J7Handle the gas molecules gets compressed, rubbing up against each other generating heat, density of the gas traps said heat between and within the molecules and said heat can't escape and the gas self ignites if compressed enough. Decompression disperses said heat out over a larger space making it appear to "lose" said energy. And because of the lack of density it radiates away quicker. There's no magic or unknown about it. Atoms and molecules vibrate/move, the greater the energy the greater and quicker the movement, when atoms and molecules have room they do not collide/bounce/vibrates on eachother and thus slows down as they lose momentum and speed.

[@DavidLanin]

As far as I remember its around 5% heat generated by air friction to 95% generated by air compression. The principle is pretty the same as in diesel motors where diesel fumes ignite from heat generated by compression and as such doesn't require any other ignition source like spark plugs in regular motor.

[@StarlasAiko]

Best explanation of Orbit I have ever heard was "Falling to the ground but keep missing"

[@susic1819]

Talk about "Chill Zone" you are one of the most chillest sounding people I have seen on this site

[@noswear2346]

YES !!! i was waiting for you to do this series its Fing awesome cant wait

[@fedos]

He's just getting a rocket to go up, and you're jumping straight ahead to escape velocity.

[@giaxo1739]

"Aging is cringe" is the most based thing I've ever heard.

[@Milk192]

KSP is a great game with very detailed science stuffed into it. The tutorials get you going just fine with great explanation step by step. I'd love to watch you play it.

[@aquataco-4Life]

17:45 the amount of fear that goes through his eyes when Martin says no decouples is PEAK

[@scruffmaster0185]

“Ok so you want to yeet yourself off earth” is not a sentence I would’ve though I would ever hear come from a person of science 😂

[@Borealis-Rainbow]

Your texas hillbilly impression was golden, I laughed so hard

[@fluffly3606]

The mission clock is in Kerbin time where a day is exactly 6 Earth hours but the distances are about 2-10x less with corresponding changes in speed so yeah 3 days to Muen is about right

[@Window_ig]

4:36 no, it was the matter-antimatter annihilation

[@pupschaoticmess308]

crazy thing about the first launch is it was nowhere near 100km the atmosphere ends at 70km for kerbin

[@Judgement_Kazzy]

You definitely should check out Martin's Just Cause speedrunning videos. You may not get to flex your physics degree in the title, but they're some of his best.

[@BlackEpyon]

Just to clarify, no Apophis won't hit us any time soon. There was a big hullabaloo in 2013 about Apophis passing through what's called a "keyhole." This had to do with refining the measurements of it's orbit, so it's future orbit (and thus close approaches) could be more accurately predicted. The worry was that if it passed through this "keyhole," then there was a much greater chance that it's next orbit would take it uncomfortably close to earth - close enough that it would have a chance of actually colliding. It didn't pass through the keyhole though, so there's nothing to worry about where Apophis is concerned.

[@PapaPripyat]

Appreciated, got doomsday anxiety so any shit that gets thrown out there about asteroids gets me all sweaty. And yes I know nuclear warfare and all that jazz is what I should be worrying about, and I DO. But it's under control, anyway thanks!

[@BlackEpyon]

@@PapaPripyat I wouldn't worry about nuclear warfare either, for two reasons. One, Putin can't launch nukes without alienating his allies, China and India, who have told him explicitly not to use nukes. The other is that he can't use his nukes against the west without being nuked in return, and he knows that. The reason he keeps making nuclear threats every other week is because he KNOWS that people will be afraid of it.

[@knightghaleon]

Man I was waiting for the day you were going to react to this one. His Kerbal videos just get more and more insane from here.

[@CreepyPersonCube.]

Legend novelist Douglas Adams had a character who was taught to fly SIMPLY by mastering the art of flinging himself at the ground and missing. His tutor was a person with exceptional personal attributes (that are not named) who would jump out from behind things as the hero is falling, thus distracting him at the crucial moment, causing the miss. This is obviously the most advanced way to get into orbit.

[@Leo-zz5yn]

5:23 why you gotta attack me like that bro

[@RanRayu]

i love seeing you enjoy stuff like this.

[@jsaucyose]

Rewatching these videos after starting my first year in physics at uni is so cool i recognise more stuff now

[@fruitsalad5036]

Kerbal space program : spending hours making a rocket ship for it to crash and start over again

[@Raging_from_twitch]

Imma show this to my science teacher and hopefully he will accept it and then we can watch it in class

[@goose3135]

This is the first time I've seen your channel and I just can't get over that pfp. 👌

[@KamiRecca]

9:41 I just realized that the launching plains basicly is an anime face... Hundreds of hours in the game, never seen it before...

[@EdyAlbertoMSGT3]

I don't see i- Oh heck, i see it, you're right. Wow.

[@KamiRecca]

@@EdyAlbertoMSGT3 weird, right? Suddenly its just right there XD

[@EdyAlbertoMSGT3]

@@KamiRecca Yeah, it took me time to realize because i was looking for a front facing face, but it's actually side facing. Last thing i knew, it was there.

[@theharbingerofconflation]

NASA used to have that type of budget... during the space race

[@steven95N]

I've just started playing with Real Solar system and it looks like they've actually added a path to Warp drive. IDK if its because I downloaded all of the US, Soviet and British rocket mod packs but I just checked my tech tree and I have Warp in the end game 😁. KSP is amazing.

[@atomicspartan131]

It could also because of the popularity of Martin’s videos

[@steven95N]

@@atomicspartan131 I doubt it, Scott Manley suggested it years ago and he actually has aerospace contacts. I think probably just had a few conflicting mods in CKAN. I notice CKAN used to let you install multiple tech trees, and that could cause an issue.

[@wyvern1992]

@@steven95N CKAN is supposed to prevent you from downloading conflicting mods, it could be that at the time, the creators never thought someone would need an FTL drive to do something, seen the video series, and updated it. also i personally prefer the FTL drive (stand alone) since it gives you a size limit you are forced to work with

[@ohheylads]

I love the fact that he pauses and explain stuffs, it's so refreshing compared to other channels that just watch a video and laugh.

[@Hunterofyeets]

I do hope you watch the rest of this series, he gets into guns, warheads, antimatter, and much more.

[@victorfarofabr]

YOOOOO THE KERBAL SERIES LET'S GOOOO

[@Arbaaltheundefeated]

"And what even is space anyway?" Really...really great question, actually.

[@CommanderM117]

can't wait to see the rest

[@cynicalcitizen8315]

Fun fact: the facility that produced the rocket fuel suffered a catastrophic explosion.

[@Discohydrus]

I tend to follow a lot of science channels, and I like that you actually pause the video to go into the science behind it, and it I believe it actually brings merit to the reaction content. I think you could be quite successful with these kinds of videos.

[@ianirwin9480]

Funnily enough the high temperatures induced upon reentry are less about friction and more to do with the temperature increase caused by the compression wave of the spacecraft traveling at hypersonic velocity

[@viiikalendasjulii4649]

Martin NEEDS to see this

[@walnzell9328]

NASA was working on a deal with the creators of Sesame Street to have Big Bird be present on the Challenger shuttle. There is a timeline where Big Bird f*cking exploded with the Challenger.

[@LoPhatKao]

Caroll Spinney was already 53, at the time that would have made him the oldest person in space

[@jayinaterasomness9098]

4:26 That's a basic human instinct. If you don't understand it, touch it, it could kill you, but it also couldn't.

[@jorex4011]

14:48 what my teacher did teach me was that the simbos are bound to reference, meaning, it just matter whatbyou understand and preferibly you just explqin whatbthe simbols mean and the formulanitself will not get afected

[@Hannah_The_Heretic]

Telling someone they're overreacting is an ultimate catch 22. If the accept it, you win. If the start getting angry and arguing with you about it, you win. 😁

[@bradwilcox08]

That's awesome that you majored in astrophysics. I wanted to become an astrophysicist, but ended up changing majors and schools out of necessity.

[@ohheylads]

15:10 ah yes, Japanese science. The best school of studies ever existed.

[@JohnCake23]

also, i believe martin studied astro physics in college, which is how he found this game.

[@Borodinskyy]

first reaction video i have seen where they dont pause the video every 0.3 seconds to talk about something for 5 min

[@jaydencrimsoneverett6731]

Earth is so thicc, I couldn't agree more.

[@klikkolee]

How I like to explain centrifugal "force": Every law of physics comes with assumptions. If you break those assumptions, you cannot use that law to accurately describe your situation. Newton's laws have an assumption about the reference frame you are using. A reference frame is what you measure things relative to. For Newton's laws to give correct results, you must use a reference frame which is not accelerating and which is not rotating. However, it is often much easier to express a situation from the perspective of a rotating (invalid) reference frame. You can make adjustments to Newton's laws to create correct results in the rotating reference frame. These adjustments all look like accelerations relative to the rotating (invalid) reference frame. In a valid reference frame, accelerations are always caused by forces, so these apparent accelerations can be described by apparent forces. They are: The centrifugal force, which has objects appearing to accelerate away from the center of rotation. This is required to explain the effect of a centrifuge when using the rotating (invalid) reference frame. No such force is required to explain the phenomenon from a valid reference frame. The Coriolis force, which has objects appearing to accelerate upspin or downspin when they move outward or inward. This is required to explain the Coriolis effect when using the rotating (invalid) reference frame. No such force is required to explain the phenomenon from a valid reference frame. The Euler force, which has objects appearing to accelerate upspin or downspin when the rate of rotation decreases or increases. This is required to explain why you feel a merry-go-round starting and stopping when you're on it when using the rotating (invalid) reference frame. No such force is required to explain the phenomenon from a valid reference frame. Of interest: while these are all often described as apparent forces, they are in fact apparent accelerations, and describing them as forces requires multiplying them by the mass of the affected object. Similarly, Newton's law of gravitation is a term multiplied by the mass of the affected object -- begging the question of whether gravity is just an apparent force caused by using the wrong perspective. Sure enough, general relativity describes gravity in such a way.

[@vargr4730]

I'm sorry, but it truly sounds like you say hate' or "hait" when you pronounce hit'. "Nasa is aiming to hate' a astroid" I love it!

[@outblucks6724]

8:11 MY EARS I AM A HEADPHONE USER WITH VERY POWERFUL HEADPHONES PLEASE MY EARS

[@walnzell9328]

In the next episode he explains why air friction doesn't exist. Or something like that.

[@youtubeisapublisher6407]

The loss of trust in NASA post Challenger was, IMO, well founded, the problems with the Shuttle SRBs were well known and had been brought to NASA administration's attention. Problems with cracking and freezing O-rings between sections and the possible catastrophic failure of the booster, as well as a danger of ice strikes during or caused by decoupling the SRBs brought up by engineers were simply ignored by administrators.

[@jesustakethebong5187]

Absolutely do more of Martin’s stuff! His most recent Factorio and My Summer Car videos are incredibly funny.

[@comet.x]

I'd love a reaction tot he entire ksp series mart does!

[@sonariantutorials2438]

For his first launch of obama prism, he did not reach 100 kilometers. He launched from kerbin, not earth, kerbin is much smaller

[@triffid0hunter]

Heh the re-entry heating isn't from friction, it's from compression - at hypersonic speeds, the air can't just move out of the way so it just gets squished in front of the capsule, raising the temperature just like a fire piston or diesel engine

[@statemonster]

Ngl, I would love a small series of reacting to videos and fully explaining the science behind it. I want to learn the math bc it will improve my Kerbaling skills *cough* I mean my chances to land a good job!

[@JHNielson4851]

The DART mission is for an asteroid that is not going to hit the Earth, Yet! ;)

[@theonewhouploadsnothing1704]

Welp, that asteroid is now anxiety producing and now I will never live in peace again right after getting over my fear of super volcanos. Thanks.

[@mattjk5299]

It's been moved to a risk rating of 0 years ago. It certainly can't hit in 2029, and there is a miniscule chance it could be setup for an impact in 2036 by the deflection caused in the close approach, but even this small chance has come under question. If it did hit it would certain be locally catastrophic (apprx 1k megatons), cause regional tragedy and disaster, might even cause global economic uncertainty in a lot of the world. It wouldn't end the world though, and if anything it would immediately wake the world up to the real tangible threat posed by impacts and would push space powers to find serious solutions. It would be unfortunate if something like this happened - it probably won't be that asteroid, though. More likely one that isn't known or is poorly understood (in which case, you couldn't know anyway)

[@caseyallen4487]

He said 2029 we are cooked if that hits

[@KakhaPrime]

pog! we need more.

[@thecaravaneer9857]

I always though the heat from re-entry was mostly compression, because the air can't move out of the way fast enough, it reaches extremely high pressure, and thus heats up. Or is it both?

[@gabrieln.6064]

Mainly because of compression, but yes, because of both

[@basabromander2778]

Excited for part 2!

[@alexstudios8366]

plz do the entire series omg plz a also react to life beyond 1, 2, and 3 plz plz

[@ianjohnson3987]

You want me to name an AC/DC song NASA fine Back in black Thunderstruck Stormy May Day War machine Razors edge You shook me all night long What do you do for money honey Highway to hell Shot down in flames If you want blood Big gun Should I keep going NASA?

[@ДениславИванов-э6я]

Yeah that's how you explain escape velocity😂

[@lassegirnus2202]

17:22 end of physiks

[@Darcstar-du3dh]

0:50 jokes on you Highway to hell, Hells Bells,TNT, Thunderstruck, Demonfire and the singer right now as far as i know is the singer of guns and roses

[@ElSofaFuerte]

You look permanently baked my man.

[@stevehayes2258]

i litteraly did a presentaion (forgot what it was called in school) of rockets and i had clips of KSP and i got an A.

[@MegaPaulobrien]

28:19 the most american unit of mersurment i have ever heard

[@vinochii9466]

Love ur vids, it cracks me up 🤣

[@aricohen5960]

New sub! Your stuff is great.

[@tangoto1209]

on kerbin escape velocity is roughly 3431 m/s

[@The_Swedish_Knight]

Internet historian has a new video

[@eur0be4t3r]

11:29 Poly-buta-dine acrylo-nite-ril

[@Artoriasoftheabyss1]

The orb was anti matter even 10 kilos of it is 18 gigatons of TNT

[@Cryton12345]

For every male action there is a female over reaction, heck yeah I love that Also Dart succeeded in manuvering an asteroid. Not by much though

[@user-di5er6uo5e]

mentioning adam jensen sold me bro

[@Shiftry87]

Great quote 🤣 This video series is very good at explaining this and the game in itself teach u have space travel work and u may find its ALOT easier then what most ppl may think. We ofc dont need to go into the whole complex design aspect of real life design in the game but the manuevers are legit. Also as a bonus u can never watch any space movie ever again without seeing the downright ridiculous manuevers they do in them. My personal favorite is the moon burn in Armageddon where the crew supposedly experianced 14G in space. Yeah u very quickly call bullshit on alot of space movies after getting into space a few times.

[@LazerWolfProductions]

as a Texan this is offensive. oh wait, its not. I'm one of those guys that loves science but didn't major in it due to learning issues. Love your vids brother.

[@viroszelmire1391]

Wait you’re telling me in 7 years an asteroid is gonna hit us? Why aren’t they trying to hit that one?

[@TheChillzoneX]

Should have edited a notice in the video 😂 Apophis ( the astroid ) will not hit us either, sure it'll come near the earth, but won't do much... There was a lot of fun about it i. The early 2000s leading people to make speculations about the outcome of it fly-by on 2029

[@IsM1ku]

ah yes, a man of culture

[@tonybippitykaye]

I’m honestly surprised you haven’t checked out Martin yet. The guy is hilarious, especially even more so in his most recent videos.

[@steel8231]

Didn't Challenger explode because a rubber seal on the hydrogen tank froze while it was on the pad then broke from vibration? (The Artemis missions are using the exact same setup as the shuttle, even the same asbestos parts and all).

[@wyvern1992]

there were issues with one of the SRBs aswell

[@deathofallthingspotato9919]

The failure was a rubber seal inside the SRB, the SRBs are huge, so were assembled in sections, with rubber seals preventing leakage, however, the sections weren't perfectly round, so didn't fit perfectly, so the rubber seals had to do a lot of the work, meaning they would be eaten up by the intense pressures and temperatures inside. The asbestos putty was meant to take the brunt of the temperatures, but due to the asbestos, the manufacturor stopped producing it, and they changed to a different, less reliable putty, this would often not seal the gaps properly, resulting the O-rings being eroded. This was observed, but not fully fixed, as it never got like too bad. On the day of Challanger, the temperatures were colder (to the extent they were chipping ice off of the rocket), and the seals were thus less flexible and slower to expand, and the putty was more rigid, resulting in a very high rate of burn through on the seals. This then resulted in a leak in the side of the SRB, which can be seen on video footage, which then expanded rapidly (think dam failures) and resulted in the explosion of the SRB, and the following loss of vehicle. There were a few reasons why the tubes weren't round, most notably that they were reused, and weren't being straightened up again properly after use, and they were sat on a train before use, where they would sag somewhat. You might be conflating the issues in Challenger with those in Columbia, where some of the insulative foam on the hydrogen tank broke off on lauch, due to thermal stress (i.e. being cooled and heated repeatedly), this damaged the heat shield on the leading edge of the wing, and resulted in a loss of vehicle during reentry.

[@war_fish]

The other episodes is so fun you should react to those

[@CityAstro]

99942 apophis will have a 2.7% chance, not a definite chance.