Deriving Energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom ( IB Physics - Atomic Physics )

[@seangibbon3087]

I have been looking for the quantized energy formula in terms of n for an hour. It was wrong on three different sites, and the only thing missing was Coulombs constant. Thank you for the incredible explanation and correct formula.

[@modernphil1049]

Short and clear explanation thanks.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are welcome. I am glad I was of help!

[@INOCHIZZLE]

Great explanation

[@facehugger4145]

excellent clean expl

[@MohammadAlshahrani]

at 3:03 the minus means that you have to add some work against the electric field direction to take the electron away of the other charge.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Mohammad, Yes, because opposite charges attract each other, their potential energy will always be negative. At this point of the demonstration, I did not deem relevant to mention it because it shows up naturally when taking the product of the charges. On the other hand, this does not appear naturally with gravitational potential energy which is also always negative (PE = -GMm/R). Many of my students wonder why, so I made a video about that. Your comment suggests that you will be interested in watching it. so here it is: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mJKYoHxthrRlmac Be well

[@MohammedKObeid]

Amazing job sir❤ Thank you so much ❤❤👍

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are welcome Mohammed, thank you for your encouragement :-)

[@MohammedKObeid]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy Welcome sir👍

[@mohannadislaieh3009]

Nice explanation

[@mizunobob8120]

Thank you for your reply...I have been beating my head against that QM wall for a while now...I think the wall is going to win.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

In QM, you can go through the wall without banging your head thanks to the tunnel effect haha!. More seriously, in QM, there is the word Quantum... meaning quantised... It's just means seeing physical quantities like Energy or Momentum as being non-continuous, in other words, as chunks... That's all that differentiates it from classical stuff. This differences of perspective has huge and fascinating implications . So if you are interested in this topic, just take it... one chunk at a time ;-)

[@aashishlearningbeastkarki9552]

Great video

[@kisho2679]

beside the electrons rotation around the nucleus why not also considering its swinging component into the energy?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Can you rephrase your question?

[@FainaruMr]

thank you very much for the lesson! does the ground state of the electron being in the -13.6eV level means that in order to ionize a certain electron out of an atom you need to provide it with 13.6eV or higher? and is the energy of the electron beyond ionization is still quantised?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi, thank you for your question. Be careful not to confuse the energy of the electron with that of the atom (proton + electron system). When talking about the ground state, it is the ground state of the atom. Yes, this ground state corresponds to an energy of -13.6 eV. When the atom is ionised, well, the idea of energy of the atom does not have sense anymore: there is no more atom. It has become a proton and an electron which are now two separated systems. That is why it is zero. And yes, consequently you need to give 13.6eV to the hydrogen atom for it to get ionised. As for the energy of the electron afterwards, well it depends of what it does after that. Its energy will be the sum of it kinetic energy (its motion) and its PE (its position versus other particles it interacts with, for example other charged particles in its surrounding). Unless the electron is confined by these interactions, there is no reason for its total energy to be quantized: the energy quantisation comes from the fact that the electron is confined into something. In the case of the hydrogen atom, its energy is quantised because it is confined inside the atom due to its electrostatic attraction to the proton.

[@dysteleological]

What's the background music?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi iu6, It's called "Ambient Spirits" and it's mine: as a side activity I fool around in a home studio, and sell user licences to some of my music on platforms (like this one). Very practical for my youtube channel, as I do not have to purchase original music: I make it myself :-)! You can find it here: www.royaltyfreemusicclips.com/music-download/ambient-spirit-5014005/ or an extract on my music website (album: The Awakening, Title: Ambient Spirits): www.synaptic-machines.com/theawakening/

[@candicemelaku3637]

you are the best

[@kisho2679]

How deriving Energy Levels in general for each of all elements?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Well, things get much more complicated when you add an extra electron because you need to take it into account the impact of its charge. There are models that allow you to approximate things (like applying Slater's rules). But if you want the real thing, turn on a large computer!

[@kisho2679]

Why assuming that the angular momentum is discrete (quantized) instead of continuous?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

I actually was a little incorrect with the history here (I didn't know at the time)... In order to justify the absorption spectra of Hydrogen, the orbits had to be discrete, and the result is the quantization of Angular Momentum. This assumption is actually more like a result... The realization that it worked was a huge milestone in the development of QM.

[@kisho2679]

Does the nucleus not provide energy?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

All depend of your reference frame... If the nucleus is not moving within a reference frame, it has no KE. It does have PE, but only within the electron-nucleus system.

[@mohannadislaieh3009]

Cool