Pre-Columbian America - Summary on a Map

We retrace on maps the evolution of Pre-Columbian America since the first settlements until the arrival of Europeans.
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Patreon: / geohistory
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English translation & voiceover: Rahul Venkit kzbin.info/door/D1X...
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Original French version: • L'Amérique précolombie...
Russian version: • Америка до Колумба - н...
Arabic version: • العصر الأمريكي قبل الك...
Spanish version: • América Precolombina -...
Portuguese version (Brazil): Coming soon
Japanese version: • 先コロンブス期の歴史
German version: • Das Präkolumbianische ...
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Music: Higher Powered - Audio Hertz (KZbin Library)
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Software: Adobe After Effects
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Chapters
00:00 First origins
01:06 Beringia
01:45 Agriculture
02:29 Sedentarization
03:46 Mesoamerica
05:08 Teotihuacan
06:47 Andean civilizations
08:04 Maya civilization
09:19 Population growth
10:35 Aztec Empire
11:23 Inca Empire
#geohistory #history #america #aztec #maya #incas

[@iamseamonkey6688]

it's interesting how america is so isolated that throughout this entire video, you never even consider whats happening in eurasia. it seems like a totally different reality.

[@emreahmet167]

@Egg T for europeans

[@wistick1928]

I agree

[@joshuataylor3550]

Whst influenced 'civilisation' in meso and south America, but North America remained nomadic?

[@emreahmet167]

@@joshuataylor3550 i think it was close to create a civilization, it was like europe not a first center of civilization because of ice age but a member of civilization because of its fertile lands.

[@miniaturejayhawk8702]

@@joshuataylor3550 in the north there were no animals that could be domesticated. Horses, cows, pigs, chicken and sheep came from eurasia after all.

[@mysterious7215]

I was doing homework but this is more important

[@killjoy4895]

This channel gives the same amount of education as school.

[@GabrielTopG647]

Killjoy you mean more

[@iiijogk]

Your so right

[@Aditya7Cruise]

same

[@jaydenalts5542]

If our school teachers teach us like this stuff

[@cowboy4378]

Unknown explorers Me: uh oh The king died from a disease: Me: *UH OH*

[@eslamteleb7206]

ehm mmmm uuuuh yes

[@dionysos8326]

The kings heir also died from a disease: Me: *UUHH OOHH*

[@mr.magnificent3237]

STINKY POOPY

[@goro2867]

based

[@tibodeclercq2131]

There is also some speculation that some Polynesians could have reached South America through the pacific ocean.

[@MrAaaaazzzzz00009999]

yes but its not on a scale that can leave an archaeological or even genetic footprint. ive also heard that theres evidence of Japanese ships landing on north american east coast although unmanned.

[@Jack209]

They did. There's also evidence that they briefly settled Antarctica. Those Polynesians were really bold. They conquered the largest ocean on Earth. Also, I'd say most likely many expeditions of Polynesians went missing.

[@tibodeclercq2131]

@@Jack209 But I feel sad that they hunted the Moa bird into extinction in New Zealand. The Moa looked as a beautiful creature to me. :(

[@chrisclancy6756]

Yeah thats nice but it was definitely the land bridge

[@MrAaaaazzzzz00009999]

@@tibodeclercq2131 its a shame about north american fauna as well, early humans wiped out many fascinating creatures

[@jbach2002]

I’m glad the Mississippians got a mention. Though I wish the ancient Pueblo cultures were at least mentioned.

[@tinyelephant1533]

Yeah same. I live in Arizona, and there are some huge, ancient pueblo cities that I've visited. The civilizations of the southwest are often overlooked, but they were quite advanced. Also, I wish the toltecs got a mention as well. But they did have to cover thousands of years in one video so i guess it's understandable.

[@rubinortiz2311]

@@tinyelephant1533 yeah same here being from Arizona as well and also being Anasazi or a Pueblo person myself I feel the civilizations of the south west are majorly overlooked

[@seamusmaye1333]

@@rubinortiz2311 Anasazi and Pueblos fascinate me as they were the prior inhabitants pf the area before the Navjos migrated south in the 1400’s. Its only proven with modern genetics but its intriguing since the Anasazi’s also created settlements in the Grand Canyon

[@rubinortiz2311]

@@seamusmaye1333 all of that is true people should remember us for those things not cannibalism in a time of absolute desperation

[@cavc94]

@@tinyelephant1533 Tula was the toltec most important city so they were mentioned at least indirectly.

[@epiphonecasino5903]

When you really think about it, Mayans are like the Greeks, divided into smaller states competing with each other, but ultimately the most important cultural center of mesoamerica, while the aztecs are like the Roman's, copying a lot of the culture but then being the famous empire.

[@marcodelacruz6272]

Great point!!! A lot of people think the Americans were all just naive lndians but the Americans had actually great civilization that build wonders of the world like Machu picchu and chichen itza

[@aditironci1944]

the Mayans existed the Greeks did not.

[@davidthelong2154]

@@aditironci1944 elaborate?

[@ab-fi6ks]

@@Nikwunu Ah yes, because only Europeans are capable of thinking...

[@Nikwunu]

@@ab-fi6ks what are you talking about

[@TheVetein]

That's crazy of how much history we still don't know in the Americas. This video didn't even mention the Amazonian tribes, Guarani tribes on south Brazil, Paraguay and north Argentina, the various Tupi tribes on almost all coastal Brazil, the Ge tribes on interior Brazil, the Carib tribes on North Venezuela and Caribbean. Man, and probably many others that I don't know or we didn't even discovered yet. I'm not complaining, I'm just saying that the Americas pre-european is also as rich of history as Eurasia, Africa and Oceania, we just don't know about it, and people usually ignore it. Human history is full of diversity and differences, it's awesome! Nice video man, aprecciate!

[@love_x_love6619]

There's one America, the continent.

[@eltecnico9541]

They are not that different either, the Europeans lost most of their history, it is believed that the Indo-Europeans arose in the Asian steppes and expanded from the Caucasus through Europe and the Middle Proof of this are the Indo-European speaking populations in the Middle East and the North. of India, however its history begins with the Greeks

[@dakota6050]

@@love_x_love6619 There is north and south america, Its literally a basic fact from elementary school. America is short for United States of America which is why people who live in the us are called americans and people refer to the country as america

[@rotciv1492]

@@dakota6050 No. I'm not sure of how the education in the US goes on that matter, but America is the name for the entire continent, and so it has been since it was named like that in honor of Americo Vespucci, at the start of the XVI Century. 100 years before the English founded their very first colony and 270 years before the USA gained its independence. Dividing it into South America and North America is just for comodity and to facilitate things. So you can divide it into its two continents or just call it America and you'd be correct in both ways. But saying that America is first of all a short for "United States of America" is very insulting for all the other American countries. The fact they already call themselves Americans due to the name of the USA is already prepotent enough. Imagine if when Germany got unified at the end of the XIX, instead of "Deutschland" they decided to call themselves "United States of Europe", address themselves as Europeans and say that Europe is actually a short for their new countey, and that the actual continent is only Eurasia.

[@discjockey1000]

@@rotciv1492 How is it “insulting” if Americans are born on the continent of “America” and claim the name “Americans” because there nation is called “The United States of America?” Is it not true that the U.S. isn’t a group of United States on the continent of America? And, if this name is an insult to the rest of the people of America, how shall we remedy that? Change a name that has been applied for more than 240 years to people born in the United States? Change the grammatical situation of multiple languages? And, America was the First Nation to break from colonial chains. Is it not our right to claim the name “Americans” as our identity than anyone else?

[@JSplintereye]

I find it fascinating what inventions develop completely independently from when they were invented in Eurasia. It gives us an idea of what ideas seem to just come about organically (whatever that means) if a human/animal/alien is cognitively advanced enough. In the Americas' case, they also invented writing, irrigation, etc totally on their own accord.

[@pissyourselfandshitncoom2172]

Stepped pyramids too, peculiarly

[@cedriclopes4737]

It's mostly like Mexico n South America, doing the most

[@grazianomanduzio6800]

There is a sort of convergence not only in a biological way, but in a technology way as well.

[@keithreinsel7842]

And they had indoor plumbing while the Europeans were still throwing their refuse out their bedroom windows into the street. The Spanish were astound by the technological wonder that was Tenochitlan because there was nothing as advanced in Europe. Quality of weapons with which to wage war are not what make a civilization advanced or not, but it is unfortunately the most common and prevalent measurement used. :/

[@jhanninnen]

They developed cocoa, tomato, corn, potato and chilli.... Such a shame they couldn't fight against Europeans, but that is life

[@hanpratama9603]

5:40 So, that "2012" movie became a thing just because the end of Mayan's first calendar cycle?

[@slamwall9057]

Yes

[@jolabo6374]

Yeah

[@wrjtung3456]

Yes people are dumb

[@tjayenterprises5190]

Everyone believed it because they also correctly predicted other things that came true

[@jolabo6374]

@@tjayenterprises5190 For real? Like what predictions please tell me.

[@maricgesink1292]

Spain: its free real estate.

[@tibodeclercq2131]

medieval socialism.

[@felipearenasbarr]

@@tibodeclercq2131 why socialism lol

[@KenshinAlex7]

@@tibodeclercq2131 bro not everything is socialism relax

[@tibodeclercq2131]

@@KenshinAlex7 Nowadays people call the very idea of military and roads as socialism

[@tibodeclercq2131]

@@felipearenasbarr because the new collective owns it

[@mohdadeeb1829]

Mesoamerica: Exists. Spain: Hola!

[@ilikechocolate3741]

¡Hola!, ¿cómo está este continente?... ¿hay oro? hostia, digan adiós.

[@skbrown8909]

@Weasel si es lo que se las antiguas civilizaciones hicieron, y se seguirá haciendo.

[@Peluki83]

@Weasel every country in the history did bad and good things, the point is that Spain made its American Territories much better than it was before, Spain did America rich, developed and civilized bringing unity, order, laws, rights and technology

[@Peluki83]

@Weasel boy, your level of ignorance is so big! there is so much you don't know! you have believed so many black legend lies that you have a distorted idea of ​​history, just read some good historical book, read what the great Alexander Von Humboldt (German) wrote after traveling through the Spanish Empire in America between 1799 to 1804, Read how he describes Latin America, read what he says about the wealth and happiness of the people, read how he says that Latin America was richer than Germany, you don't know anything ... Latin America was much richer than the United States, the poverty of Latin America began when the Spanish Empire broke into pieces due civil wars that ended with what today you mistakenly call independence, it was not a war of independence, it was a Latin American war of secession that ended with death, and economic ruin and leaving Latin America broken into weak pieces called repúblicas easy to control by the English-speaking countries, and speaking of the Aztecs, they were tyrants who subdued neighboring tribes, practiced slavery, cannibalism and human sacrifices, it was an "evil culture" and deserved to disappear, by the way, it was not the Spanish who defeated the Aztecs, it was the neighboring tribes led by the Spanish who rose up against the Aztecs to achieve freedom, and about to the natives also I tell you that during the wars of independence, the natives fought in favor of the Spanish empire, it was the descendants of Spaniards with the help of the English who betrayed Spain and then left the Native Americans without rights in the newly born Latin American republics. You don't know anything!

[@Alg0rM0rtis]

Rimaykullayki, white man

[@Odrysian]

Columbus: Nice land you have there It would be shame if somebody *DISCOVERED IT*

[@nuh-protaliban5739]

it's a good thing he Re-discovered it because potatoes were unknown by the rest of the world at that time, once potatoes were discovered the population in many European places exploded. Not just Spain, also kingdoms and states that never went to the Americas, but the potatoe was shared quickly.

[@KenshinAlex7]

@@nuh-protaliban5739 especially in france as the name stuck as the French fry

[@vaishalijagdale6203]

@@nuh-protaliban5739 but millions of native Americans would die

[@MrZZ-py4pq]

@@KenshinAlex7 The French fry really is Belgium not France as France stole the name

[@KenshinAlex7]

@@MrZZ-py4pq doesn’t matter because they still eat it as much as anyone else

[@seamuspink9098]

It's interesting how agricultural centralized societies developed mainly in Mexico and Peru while in the plains of North America and Argentina people were still nomadic or lightly settled just like the great Steppes in Europe/Asia

[@nmarbletoe8210]

There were very large agricultural populations in central NA. Mound builders etc.

[@wulf67]

Why would anyone move to a city to be a peon under the boot of some warlord when buffalo in the north were plentiful and all men could live free there and eat like kings?

[@josm1481]

Some have suggested this is to do with contact with Asian migrants. That the over Ocean currents take Asian ships to this locations.

[@koiue.g8709]

@@wulf67 well ask this same thing today, we mostly live in dense cities exploited by a few rich men

[@koiue.g8709]

@@nmarbletoe8210 but not as dense as central mexico or the andes

[@peacejoy1396]

I'm surprised you didn't bring up the Toltec Empire, an Empire that was far larger that the Aztec

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

And also influenced the culture and religion of the region, being the first major nahuatl speakers, and the first militarized empire in Mesoamerica

[@moon-and-star4853]

Nah, he mentioned Tula, the Toltec capital

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

@@moon-and-star4853 but not its expansion

[@octaviogutierrez9158]

I think Toltec are a culture, like the mayans. The aztecs and Teotihuacan people were empires.

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

@@octaviogutierrez9158 No, the toltecs were nahua migrants from the north that settled in the former Teotihuacan's territory and founded the city of Tollán. After that they conquered vast lands of Mexico and formed the Toltec Empire

[@canag0d]

I sure hope the Mayans can deal with this external threat. I guess I’ll have to wait for the next video to find out!

[@sumreensultana1860]

U will be Really SAD

[@L30NARDO72]

There are still hundred of thousands... :l

[@Ida-xe8pg]

Senpai this anime will get sadder and sadder

[@Cybernaut551]

Indeed.

[@karlacorona2186]

Mayas were far gone from their peak when the Euros arrived, but alot of Maya culture remains in numerous communities in the mexican peninsula

[@user-es6ww3qj9r]

Oh yeah, the maya calendar. I remember it, in 2012 some people who really believed that thing went to a small town somewhere in France to be saved from the upcoming disaster. But it never happened ....

[@pkz420]

That whole thing was extra dumb. The Mayan calendar is a circle, like a clock. It has no end. Imagine someone finding a clock and concluding that the world will end at noon because there are no hours left. Same thing.

[@Rawhen_Rajew-aka-Rajubhai]

If you are talking about the sun storm thingy, it actually did happen happen in 2012 but we were lucky

[@pkz420]

@@Rawhen_Rajew-aka-Rajubhai "Sun storm thingys" happen every year. And we've been hit by ones that were as strong, and worse than 2012s. That one was not traveling in our direction anyway.

[@BettercallSaul2005]

we are talking something about created 800 years ago. We don’t know their knowledge.

[@pkz420]

@@BettercallSaul2005 Yes we do. They wrote it down. We understand their calendar well, and much else about them too.

[@xeanderman6688]

Cusco. Oh yeah, it's all coming together.

[@therockmanxx]

Big foreshadowing considering at the time Cuzco has no historical importance lol

[@user-ll9hb3sd8h]

@@therockmanxx dafuq?

[@matthewf6465]

Kronk reference

[@GRasputin91]

Diners high in the Andes, run by cooks with Brooklyn accents.

[@bradley8575]

This is Rarely talked about in American History Books

[@MrAaaaazzzzz00009999]

The USAers continue to undermine the genocide that they built their country on by not teaching it.

[@johan.mydeaf8203]

American civil war in like

[@MrDonny27]

Facts

[@Komnenos83]

@@MrAaaaazzzzz00009999 Its not a genocide when most ppl die due to diseases. A genocide is intentional.

[@MrAaaaazzzzz00009999]

@@Komnenos83 ever heard of manifest destiny? it inspired lebesraum of nazi ideology.

[@RandomLorence]

0:00: Intro 0:01: First Human Signs 1:06: Beringia 1:46: Agriculture 2:30: Sedentarization 3:48: Mesoamerica 5:08: Teotihuacan 6:47: Andean Civilizations 8:04: Maya Civilization 9:19: Population Growth 10:35: Aztec Empire 11:22: Inca Empire 13:12: Outro

[@shiverarts8284]

More like a south American indigenous history video. He knows nothing about the cultures that pervade the united states and Canada except for some architectural features (Mississippi mounds but everyone knows that easily)

[@adrielpro3006]

@@shiverarts8284 I don't know why you say South American cultures and if the Aztecs, Mayans and others were North American cultures. Besides, I think that those cultures are not mentioned because it was irrelevant because in the end they were all killed by the English.Apart from the fact that the Hispanic-American cultures preserved some of their traditions, by the way, how I use the translator is probably that I am writing some words wrong.

[@adrielpro3006]

@@shiverarts8284 A and a question, in the schools of the United States (school shootings XD) what thing do they teach about the cultures of the country (if you are from the United States)

[@shiverarts8284]

@@adrielpro3006 wow I already agree with you, what are you trying to get onto me about? Do you have a problem with me? The way you word things is important, friend.

[@shiverarts8284]

@@adrielpro3006 they teach very little to nothing, besides most of it is propaganda. I can see how they teach it too. They often pronounce our names wrong and don't know what they're talking about. I've been labeled a Japanese by other students for being DINÉ (Navajo) it still feels like cold war/world war 2 hysteria

[@mankuqhapaqii4798]

Caral Pyramids and civilization are older than Egypt's. There are incredible sites predating Caral like Bandurria. You also forgot to include the creation of potatoes, originally poisonous, small and toxic roots modified for thousands of years by andean farmers, starting 10,000 years ago. The Moche are also known for their gigantic pyramid like structures. And the Inca's achievements are countless in regards to government, engineering, agriculture, architecture, administration, stonework, messagery, medicine, and mathematics. Amazonian natives also had complex societies with over ten million people. Unfortunately not too many people know.

[@rotciv1492]

That's truly amazing. Only one correction though. While Caral pyramids are indeed older than the Egyptian pyramids by a few centuries, the Egyptian civilization is still a bit older than the Caral civilization also by a few centuries.

[@Pompinaros]

we can only hope for new information and new and more in depth videos with all the new discoveries being made

[@elscruffomcscruffy8371]

Meanwhile Indigenous Australia's aren't exactly progressing along...

[@kaank5921]

Spanish King: I am not interested in a new world. There is nothing there. Columbus: Gold your majesty, there is a lot of GOLD there in the new wo- Spanish King: GOLD!!! Let’s go get em!

[@CarlosMoreno-zj2li]

Queen***

[@numbers4685]

@@CarlosMoreno-zj2li r/woooosh

[@gracefulcubix4730]

@@numbers4685 he didn't really ruin the joke.

[@numbers4685]

@@gracefulcubix4730 but he didnt get it

[@numbers4685]

@@gracefulcubix4730 so i wooshed him

[@mankuqhapaqii4798]

Incan emperor Huayna Qhapaq was already in Ecuador building a city since he had a mission regarding the expansion of the Empire in modern day Colombia. He didn't go to meet Spaniards because he did not know and did not care about them. He had heard of Europeans way before the expedition from which he contracted the ilness. Spaniards and Portuguese had been kicked out of Incan territory for a decade before Pizarro's third expedition, only with the civil war were they successful in crossing the borders of Tawantinsuyu by being loyal to one of the Incan factions.

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

And the civilwar itself was caused by the diseases, that killed the Inca. The Tawantinsuyu would never have fallen into European hands if it had all its military power

[@lightningstrike5024]

@@hueytlahtoani1304 uhh no, the "diseases" were smallpox

[@knutthompson7879]

So much Native American history ends with “they were doing their thing when some strange explorers showed up and then suddenly everyone got a strange illness and died within a few years.”

[@johnnymack8442]

There's no native people. They all came from somewhere. As said in the beginning of the video.

[@knutthompson7879]

@@johnnymack8442 Ok

[@johnnymack8442]

Ok

[@hectorpeze905]

Skill issue lmao

[@rayeya3138]

@@hectorpeze905dying of disease is a skill issue?

[@roseavara9682]

This all makes me wonder what kind of interesting developments, histories, and cultures could have arisen in the Americas had the Europeans not discovered it.

[@SuperSssss5]

such a shame

[@nuh-protaliban5739]

I wonder similarly about Arab warriors. They invaded territories from Morocco all the way to india. I also wonder what cultures and value systems would have emerged in all these places had they not been conquered, taken over or converted by them. I'm from UAE.

[@user-rg2ev9ui6s]

their conquest wouldn't have been succesful if it was not for the diseases.

[@peterjones5243]

@@user-rg2ev9ui6s They most probably would have still been successful. Having horses and guns is a big advantage.

[@tyrson4331]

@@peterjones5243 yeah, but they had like three guns and five horses. So no, that wasn’t a great advantage

[@coreys8070]

I’m loving this channel. The map and year with the narrating is awesome

[@giraffeman326]

This channel is awesome. Doesn’t waste your time with any adds, sponsorships, or any other bullshit. Straight to the point. You have earned yourself a new subscriber my friend.

[@circumferenceofthecircle7083]

0:07 This map looks amazing!

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

Forgot the expansion of Toltec Empire and its impact on Postclassic Mesoamerica, when the Mexica founded Tenochtitlán. Besides that, it was a great video, good job!

[@rashmihkteacher4986]

You know everything u make your own vedeo

[@DiegoDelRey1]

@@rashmihkteacher4986 😂

[@javiksi]

Forgot the expansion of Tepanec Empire and its impact on Postclassic Mesoamerica, when the Mexica founded Tenochtitlan (and Tlatelolco) as they vassals.

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

@@javiksi I dont get it.

[@javiksi]

@@hueytlahtoani1304 Era una broma, but I'm right. People often see toltecs like the fathers of the tribe that founded Tenochtitlan 300 years later. However after the early posclassic period Toltec empire collapses and Tollan become a vassal of the Xaltocan tlatocayotl. Now we are in the late postclassic and the mexica just arrived in Chapultepec. Later they escape to Colhuacan, run away from Colhuacan and found both Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco under the tepanec sphere of influence. After that they participed in the tepanecs conquets of the ruler Tezozómoc and recieve economics benefits and even tributes of many places (Acolhuacan as an example). Thanks to Tezozómoc and during his reign Tenochtitlan growth and Tlatelolco built its great market. I mean, thats because I think Tepanec Empire has more relevance in the posclassic period and the formation of the Excan Tlatoloyan than Tollan.

[@elgranqenk2]

12:30 What? No. The Inca Emperor left Cuzco in 1512 (aprox.) to conquer Quito, and simply never returned to the capital. He governed the Empire from Quito for the next 15 years. Then, he got sick in 1527 and died.

[@haroldvanegas6085]

Es raro verte y que no sea un video de Mortal Kombat xd

[@MCEnthusiastYT]

Guess you’re right!

[@landoc05]

Not a bad try for someone who's not Native American, though. Only we know our history, since everybody else is never taught any of this (for political reasons).

[@IQEGO]

@@landoc05 Lol, no, don't be cocky. We are taught about pre-columbian american history, just not with much details, because it's just not possible to know everything about every culture throughout 10 000 years. You're also not taught about every European dynasty and empire as we are...

[@MsMRkv]

No esperaba encontrarte aquí.

[@vishalchauthmal1237]

Welcome back. We were waiting for more videos desperately

[@wHeneverz]

This is such a wonderful channel! Great, clear, and concise summaries to sharpen what one might've read, and learn new stuff

[@ramsesjsv]

South american kingdoms:collapse The chan chans,who realize they own the place now:It’s free real estate

[@Monkeymeep]

Precolombian history is really interesting. Especially in what became Latin America.

[@DoglinsShadow]

Great video. Thanks for the unique and high quality content!!!

[@nothanks131]

Olmecas didn’t call it San Lorenzo, any spanish sounding names were introduced by Spanish. Great video!

[@Skittnator]

This threw me off as well. I assume there is another name of which we don't know, but it makes me feel there is so much history on this continent we will never know.

[@Skittnator]

@@sujetogenerico7034 Yea that pre-hispanic geopolitical history of which we'll never know is what really strikes my fancy, so much complexity and tribal activity that is not as easily accessible as other continent's history. I wish I knew MORE!

[@dolphingoreeaccount7395]

I think a lot of the Aztec and Maya city names are more or less what t!they were actually called though

[@rotciv1492]

Obviously not. But when I see that happening in the video I can only guess that the original name of those sites was lost, so they used the actual name of the place.

[@JunioSonicT.Hedgehog]

Probably same with Monte Alban. As im Romanian, it sounds like 'Munte Alb' which means 'White Mountain'.

[@sanexpreso2944]

It is incredible the number of cultures and civilizations in the Andes before the Incas, the Incas were only the end of all of them, from Caral, Chavin, Nazca, Moche who were the first surfer in history, Wari and more

[@INBCPC1994]

The Muiscas and their ritual of gold is recognised by some historians as one of the origins of el Dorado myth, the Spaniards thought that it referred to a city but in reality it meant the golden one. Lake Guatavita was the place the Zipa (the leader of the Muscat confirmation) submerged, in 1587 a merchant by the name of Antonio de Sepúlveda was one of the first colonists that tried to drain the lake, he wanted the treasures that were in the lake floor, he only managed to get some gold coins and emeralds. The attempts to drain the lake continued until the late 1800's when the Colombian government declared the lake and the zone around it a natural reserve and prohibited any attempts to mine or drain in the area. As an homage to the legend the biggest international airport in Colombia is called El Dorado.

[@r3al-blazicanhighcommision]

Good work on the new video! I get soooooooo exited everytime you post a new vid

[@priyanks91]

Surprising how despite being completely isolated from Eurasia for 10000+ years, the migrated hunter gatherers went on develop societies structurally similar to ones in Eurasia. (trade, writing, agriculture, kingdoms etc).

[@willthelucky9582]

Just not as advanced ie ships or gunpowder.

[@priyanks91]

@@willthelucky9582 The smart people out there would tell you that 'advanced' is a relatively abstract concept and there have been several 'advanced' civilisations over the millenia.

[@MsMRkv]

@@willthelucky9582 It was the Chinese who invented gunpowder. Had Europe been isolated from Asia, they wouldn't have had weapons to conquer anything.

[@anonymousmyvern8927]

@@MsMRkv had that been the case, gunpowder wouldn't had developed in the first place to be fair. The technological exchange between Asia and Europe was crucial for both continents

[@themostimportantgamersonea9894]

@@MsMRkv alexander the great didnt need gunpowder to conquer Persia and India

[@BananaBrainsZEF]

Very well done, as always. I would love to see the Hundred Years War, as well as the Thirty Years War next.

[@user-rg2ev9ui6s]

I also find it interesting to look for artefacts on how these people dealt with the dangerous beasts that lived down there at the end of the ice age. Such as the Short Faced Bair, Terror Birds ans Dire Wolves. Sadly their evolution did not allow these animals to survive.

[@KenshinAlex7]

It’d take a whole tribe to take down a mammoth with spears I can already picture it

[@jackapgar5824]

How are Morocco and Belgium related? lol

[@user-rg2ev9ui6s]

@@jackapgar5824 1. I am surprised you have knowledge about these flags, you are more clever than the average person. 2. I am a citizen of Belgium who's parents are born in Morocco. 3. My name means Belgian-Moroccan apostate. Which means I am a former believer.

[@aaryanqureshi5326]

@@user-rg2ev9ui6s former beliver what do you mean by that?

[@akhbarakeeda1441]

Yo wassup bro, I am Moroccan and Murtad too lol

[@sparrow69420]

Hattsoff to editing, explanation and his hardwork..!

[@TorysSideQuests]

One of the first things said blows my mind. The oceans were 120 meters lower, that’s actually a lot if you think about it. I can’t imagine going to the coast now and seeing that the ocean is much farther out all across

[@Potatobowmaster27]

Wait what I am this early.Also love this channel.From Belgium🇧🇪.

[@S0m3RandomDude]

Smol country

[@Axelerated]

Interesting how these civilizations grew and became more advanced as time progressed. Mankind really has a thing for progress.

[@mrrodriguezHLP]

Homo sapien's evolutionary edge against Neanderthals and Homo erectus: a sense that there was no such thing as 'good enough'. Also, a willingness to commit acts of genocide.

[@nicolairobles420]

Tell that to Australian aborigines

[@brechdt]

We often watch videos about things we vaguely know but this was all new information! Thank you!

[@toad4421]

this is the most interested ive ever been in one of your videos

[@FaIIenImpact]

I was waiting for this after I saw it on the main french channel. Thanks for coming back 😊

[@JordanBeagle]

They had no clue how much they were affecting landing on a new continent

[@jonhattanrai]

This is so well put together! Cheers mate!

[@sunnyart2009]

0:58 woah the inland sea caused by japan connecting to china looks like the shape afghanistan or borneo island.

[@brighttz]

oh yeah

[@SolarAdrift]

Maybe Cyprus too

[@bobin3113]

Nah, cyprus

[@hallooos7585]

Its cyprus

[@elidelarosa7933]

Your pronunciation is on point! Good job! lol

[@reder3782]

Its amazing most pre-columbian cultures developed in what they are now Mexico and Peru.... I've been to Peru, you'll be AMAZED with its culture. So much history and food is just WOW!! I'll go visit Mexico someday!

[@dolphingoreeaccount7395]

Also some scattered civilizations in the north. The Vikings also had significant influence on the eastern Inuit tribes- if I remember correctly, the Inuit actually didn't reach Greenland until about the same time as the Vikings, and a 3rd group was there first. Also interesting how many waves of settlers came across beringia.

[@owenmorrissey2177]

He does these periodically the best part is he comes back

[@diegostime9634]

An excellent video and information. Greetings from the city of Texcoco in Mexico

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

@@71Derme Yes, but the lake itself was named by the city of Texcoco. It was a member of the Triple Alliance along with Tenochtitlán and Tlacopán, and probably the second most important city of the realm. It have also a great history, dating back to the fall of Toltec Empire.

[@cavc94]

It was a long trade network which connected Oasisamerica (hokoham, pueblo, anasazi) and Mesoamerica. It deserved at least one mention.

[@kingbread5808]

It’s all fun and games until a you hear the coasts speaking Spanish.

[@trollface5084]

Thanks for English translation of original (french) video!

[@Campake]

nice to see you cover this topic

[@dinil5566]

I like it when most of the civilization started in a desert where people have to be brilliant to form a city to share with each other and use their resources efficiently. Where in forest, tribes don't have to worry much and don't have to invent stuffs as they can still survive.

[@johnversosas8298]

This video is well-researched. Kudos! Can you do about Mesopotamian and African civilizations?

[@juant7110]

This is such a good channel

[@DutchTDK]

Small tip: on mobile, the logo of the channel is displayed in the lower right corner and sometimes blocks text. Love your content by the way

[@GeoHistory]

Thank you, it is corrected now

[@rubinortiz2311]

The Pueblo civilizations shoulda got a mention being from Arizona I have visited many of their ancient cities that are quite the marvel

[@rodibas9988]

When you allready know how this story end :(

[@Peluki83]

The story ended well until British an USA fucked everything

[@g-ants7547]

YAYYY! an upload!

[@gregoryguillen2717]

Great videos man make more!

[@paulinotou]

I like the mysterious ended is like the most well known part, but to the Natives it was world changing. Its like the end of Apactolypto when they see a mysterious ship in the ocean. And before that they allude to the Spanish arriving when they pass a decimated village with a mysterious new disease.

[@AdityaPatwardhanJ]

You do amazing work! Do one with history of China.

[@ATravesDelTiempo]

now this draws a smile on my face nice videos

[@coolguyishere8851]

I LOVE that eerie end you put

[@franbalcal]

Amazing video but are we really mentioning the domestication of Squash over Potatoes? or Tomatoes? or Peanuts? (that section on agriculture was very mesoamerican centric, though the rest of the video was very balanced, loved it).

[@pdalmao]

i love your videos so much, will there ever be a video where you show us how you make your maps? i'm super interested in your editing style!

[@suhailsalim1470]

Interesting, how schools in Europe, Asia, Africa USA etc have ignored this history... lets not get silly with narrow minded comments in the below. This is all educational and I am still learning at 59

[@wurttmapper2200]

Well said

[@mohamedmeskini4846]

keep up the good work

[@ryu6698]

“A surprise to be sure, but a welcome one!“

[@vural5puy0l]

KZbin: 4 watches, and 5 comments Me: Ok thats normal... *Looks comments and sees its empty* Me: But thats *anormal*

[@Nexandr]

Abnormal*

[@axelgragasin1431]

Finally! Another video.

[@HouseJawn]

Nice vid, great content and coool music 😎

[@Komnenos83]

Can you make pre-turkic anatolia or pre-arabic middle east? That would be interesting

[@AnsgarisIoannes]

10:24 The muiscas is inexactly! This ubication is in Cundinamarca, Boyacá and south part of Santander departments. The has a calendar and numerical system (base of 20). Her government has two leaders (Zipa of Bacatá and Zaque of Hunza). You should research more (1000-1539). Before muiscas people, the first reference of population is the Man of Tequendama and Herrera culture. In paralel, also was the tayronas, sinues and quimbayas. 12:00 The inca empire came until now is Pasto, in actual Nariño department.

[@jesusalexander4112]

Yes

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

You seem to know a lot about it. Can you recomend me any books about the Muisca?

[@AnsgarisIoannes]

@@hueytlahtoani1304 All books about muiscas is in spanish. Rare find in english.

[@hueytlahtoani1304]

@@AnsgarisIoannes No problem, I can read in spanish

[@OsamaMoloy]

I remember the first video I watched in this channel was the video about Yemen and the narrators voice was on fire but now it’s changed a lot 💔

[@KDH-br6hy]

Damn

[@leomessi80012]

Didn't expect this, but I'm not complaining

[@jorge221090bb]

In the Peruvian coast and Andes there existed amazing cultures like Paracas, Chincha or Chachapoyas you didn't mention o.o

[@victormartin6608]

Consider that most of the human habitation would have been along coast line... 300 or so feet below the current sea level.

[@DrPrateekJoshiFlute]

Dwarka in Gujarat India is another example

[@clevelandexplorer2221]

Hello, thanks so much for all this I can't fathom the research you've done even with a background on history. So much detail for a relatively broad overview :) at the end I noticed you specified Columbian, have you a video on him? My understanding is Saint Brandon meditated on mount Brandon, Ireland, before catching natural drift on a simple vessel, proven possible twice in modern times. More noteable is I believe Brandon did this because he got word of land to the west, so I'm thinking people had been to America before him? I can't imagine how word of mouth came from the likes of the douch, though I gather they were some of the biggest pirates and slavers alongside my shameful British ancestors. It was also interesting you suggested the first foreign landing was on the west from the north, I think I knew that in Canada, and other countries like the Spanish came before Columbus but this is all vague knowledge for me I'd love to learn more about :D

[@kunsanseoul]

Very informative. Thank you very much.

[@coolthefool1]

Damn this was a good video could've talked about the Aztecs and the Spanish tho Next time on dragon Ball Z

[@tdlf156]

That’s not precolumbian though, their first meeting was in 1519

[@George83_Thomas]

By “next time” you mean 10 episodes later

[@anonymousmyvern8927]

It's impressive hoe large the Incan empire managed to be, being both larger and more populated than the Ottoman Empire (the largest empire at the time) and the difference in technology easily destroyed the entire empire. I wonder what would've happened if the european didn't arrive, will it develop like the Chinese dynasties or like the Roman Empire? I guess we'll never know

[@MetricMania]

Lovely novel description of ancient and pre-ancient history. I wonder if Graham Hancock works influenced it, as narrative match lots of his research put together in this beautiful graphic work. Thanks for this.

[@marshalliraq9308]

That you allow me 🖤 .. I want to ask how you can make this type of video and what programs you can use .. ? I want to do something like you, but I use a mobile phone, not a computer, so are there mobile programs?

[@PirozokTV]

Just imagine how developed the indigenous civilizations could've got, have they say 300-400 years in advance before the arrival of y'all know who.

[@Komnenos83]

Probably not veeery far. Definetly not further then they are now.

[@firemangan2731]

They would probably go as far as a middle ages like society but unless a genuis in one of these societies makes a break through, they’d be stuck in a middle ages-like era

[@aegonii8471]

@Wan Nah they still would’ve died to disease.

[@strikeforce1500]

As someone who lives in La Hispaniola, it is surprising and shameful how little is teach about the pre-Columbian era.

[@MsMRkv]

Probably because most people there are predominantly African, so they care very little about the past of the island or its previous inhabitants.

[@hermes112]

Never expected this topic, cool

[@dhruvsharma7476]

Welcome back 😁

[@shanesocial7339]

*unknown ship apears near their (inca) coast* me: is it the spanish?

[@gang.jesus_]

Were they isolated from the rest of the world? Or the rest of the world isolated from them?

[@Yeti-yk8cj]

Both

[@ninjapurpura1]

Great work.

[@fourqdash]

I LOVE YOU Geo History! ❤❤❤❤❤

[@mateussantana6738]

Interesting. Thanks to eurocentric perspective, the less a civilization resembles a european one, the less it is studied, being presumed inferior. We can see that in this video, where almost only empires, kingdoms or city states are mentioned. This way of seeing things creates a gap of knowledge about other ways of existance in the world, in other types of communities.

[@Komnenos83]

The less important a civilization is, the less its talked about. And the native American civilizations for the most part weren't that important to world history. Also, the Mayans, Incas are very much talked about. Everyone knows about the brutality of the Aztecs as well.

[@mateussantana6738]

@@Komnenos83 not really. The native american and african cultures are really important in a lot of aspects, not only in the Americas and Africa itself, but in europe as well. The agriculture, the culture, and other aspects are really influencial and can be seem in these countries, but there has been a huge effort to erase these cultures from history. The african and native-americans lost their religion, their names, their identity, etc. We use to think that there was a unilateral influence between europe and other continents, but a great number of historians already discussed how the (forced or not) migration of africans and americans to europe had an impact in the european way of life since the XV century. If you are willing, I can send you some articles about it.

[@mateussantana6738]

@El Dimos Karam surely, but that is the thing. We recognize egypt as a important culture simply because it resembles more the patterns set by the greco-roman civilization. Egypt is as important as Kongo. People by the south of the Sahara are a huge chunk of the world's population and descendents of this people are all over the place, mainly in the americas, due to colonialism and slavery. Of course the culture of this people has influences in this world as well. Another example: I'm brazilian, raised and studied here. In school we learn more about the three "great" civilizations in the Americas (Incas, Astecs and Mayans) than the people who lived in Brazil actually. Why? Cause the people who lived here did not have a Kingdom with a great landmass, a king and so on, something that could resembles the european civilization. Yet the indigenous brazilian cultures have a lot of influence in our lives, our food, our religion, way of thinking and doing things. But we learn about the Inca or Mayans, thousands and thousands of kilometers away from us. In the XIX century they even tried to force the existence of a huge pre-colombian brazilian civilization, saying that vikings or fenicians settled here before the portuguese. Of course there is almost no evidence of that, but that was a attempt to make Brazil more similar to Europe, to invent roots of a supposed lost civilization. It isnt I that am saying that, historians are debatting that since some time by now.

[@mateussantana6738]

@El Dimos Karam First: there isnt such a thing as more or less advanced culture. This idea was used to justify colonisation back at the time. We have different cultures. Second: there isnt one kongolese culture. Kongo is huge with it's many religions, languages and such, all very important to those who live there. Yes, europeans were very successful in destroying cultures all over the world. However that does not mean tha the other cultures are less important. The Incas, the Cherokee, the Tupi in Brazil, the Mapuche in Chile and Argentina influenced their regions as much as Rome had an influence in the Mediterranean. Not all of them are in this video because of the same thing: the eurocentric view on civilization, that privileged some over the others simply by the fact that some looked more european than the others.

[@mateussantana6738]

@El Dimos Karam yes, europe is very diverse as well, no doubt of that. You mentioned Kongo first, I just kept using it as an example. And I'm sorry, but there are not cultures that are more advanced than others, that is something very solid among historian, social studies, antropology and such. Cultures and simply different. I'm pretty that the european culture is very important thanks to it's influence since the modern age, but my point is, since the first comment: we fail to recognize the importance of cultures that are less similar to the europeans one. Yes, the european culture is very present in Brazil and in the americas, but the native is as well, yet we seen to valorize the monumental pre-colombians societies more. I dont know where you come from, but if you come from a non-european country, i'm sure you know how the native culture has a huge influence in your life. The food we eat, the words we use, the way of thinking and relating to other people and such. Even christianity is different. And europeans also suffer an influence from the outside world. I would highly recommend the works from the anthropologist Jack Goody, who has an awesome book about outside influence in european culture. If we think that other cultures are inferior or less important to the europeans one (and the similar ones that they recognize as important), there is only one reason for that: europe managed to subjugate other cultures.