Primordial Planets

Our world is ancient, but the Universe is far older. What were those first planets like, and how soon can life emerge on new ones?
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Credits:
Primordial Planets
Episode 436b; March 3, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors: Konstantin Sokerin
Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field", "Cosmic Sunrise"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Lombus, "Cosmic Soup", "Hydrogen Sonata"

[@arcdecibel9986]

Isaac talking about primordial planet climates prompted KZbin to slap the video with a context warning about man-made climate change. I guess we better drive electric cars to combat planet formation.

[@guillermoelnino]

Good thing all our fearless leaders flying private jets and relaxing on private yachts arent contributing to the increase of what plants breath

[@thoreau283]

Do your part to stop universal warming...

[@NotWithMyMoney]

😂gotta love this bot riddles hell scape of and internet. Dead internet theory is a few years away , we really do need a non corporate internet, good thing I got ToR

[@NotWithMyMoney]

@@thoreau283😂no no , you WANT things to be warm, when it cools off we have heat death and have to wait for another Big Bang to kick things off again

[@AdarBlu]

I mean...terraforming IS man made climate change.

[@t.kersten7695]

Thank you for sharing your Family Picturess with us, Isaac. What a proud and happy father with his lovely family. this pictures alone make this a very special episode. i wish all the best to your family and to you.

[@charliebachelder4883]

I rarely comment, however Issac, if you see this, I have been following this channel since 2018 and loved your content since I discovered it. I am so happy for you and your family and am inspired by the incredible progress you have made in your life. keep going IA, you are the best

[@murderedcarrot9684]

I like the idea of a world that used to be a gas giant but is now a smaller terrestrial planet. Colorful sky, gallium rain, lakes and rivers. Alien life thats integrated different metals into its physiology.

[@murderedcarrot9684]

Commenter, before you scream at me, I'm imagining a gas giant that was mostly stripped, but some cosmic wanderer tugged on the planet far enough away a bit of its atmosphere was saved. So it has a atmosphere comparable to earth.

[@tomkerruish2982]

Have you read The Integral Trees by Niven? It's not what you're describing, but it's related.

[@murderedcarrot9684]

@@tomkerruish2982 no I haven’t read many books lately.

[@boobah5643]

@@murderedcarrot9684Eh, you've had four decades or so. Or less, I guess, depending on how old you are.

[@murderedcarrot9684]

@@boobah5643 what do you mean?

[@JonahRoyes]

I was having a bad Sunday morning just now but my mood instantly changed once I saw u uploaded 😅❤

[@thevagabondtree6426]

My thoughts exactly 💫thankyou Isaac

[@TheIsaacLester]

You guys too? I was mid-mental tantrum when I clicked on the video 😅

[@arcadiaberger9204]

Funny. I was having a better morning than most, and along came this unexpected bonus. Wel, one way or another, we all got our Isaac.

[@OpreanMircea]

Sunday episode, what a treat

[@phdnk]

9:23 Protostars approach main sequence from above, that is they are more luminous as protostars then they will be as proper stars. "Once a star ignites" means luminosity decrease. See "Hayashi track"

[@arcadiaberger9204]

Bogglesome reality.

[@marcelgrabowski5939]

Honestly it is one of cases of my weird custom; I had found a lot of promising channels few years ago, and I forgot about them because quality was to low or I have some childlish "don't like it". Only to find them again years later and be like: *WHOA! IT IS AWESOME!!!* This one is by far the most impressive of them all.

[@hrsmp]

I like early episodes of SFIA a lot more, re-relisten them from time to time, to the point that I memorized large parts of the script. Like: psychohistory, black swans, iron stars. Back when channel was exploding in popularity and everything was better and topics more interesting each episode.

[@marcelgrabowski5939]

@@hrsmp Black hole farming was one of the best I watched, it was so incredibly *positive* , showing the period in the future I thought of as the darkest, as the brightest, to the point of all that came before being merely eyeblink, prologue at best.

[@ramastarchild6804]

Great looking family! Isaac, take it from an older man--this is one of the best times in your life. Enjoy every second of it!

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thank you! Will do!

[@thetruth45678]

Life is never late. It always arrives precisely when it means to.

[@SoMuchFacepalm]

Ok then, keep your secrets.

[@jackcole2185]

Isaac is so amazing, intelligent, and knowledgeable. It's hard to imagine how much work he puts in to research. Thank you for all you do!

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thanks. That's very kind to say

[@masbeetleboy9169]

Congrats on the adoptions, you have a great looking family. Your take on science is interesting.

[@Squigglydodah]

Congratulations on the Bambinos! 🥳🥳🥳🎉🎉🎉🎉

[@johannageisel5390]

* bambini

[@seanhewitt603]

I was trying to remember Tuvoks line from Voyager, when Janeway visited him on the wrong day,😃 it's not Thursday, therefore...

[@bbartky]

Isaac, I really enjoyed your discussion of the old Moon fission origin theory since I was a kid during the Apollo missions and had read many astronomy books written before the Space Age. 😀 That’s how I learned about how Charles Darwin’s son George had developed it. In addition, these astronomy books were written before plate tectonics were understood. So, I remember reading one book that claimed the Pacific Ocean was a scar from the Moon separating from the Earth since the Moon’s diameter is similar to the the breadth of the Pacific Ocean. I remember it since it’s such a nice example of correlation not equaling causation.

[@boobah5643]

I realize that this is partly because I'm infected with future knowledge, but simultaneously arguing that the Pacific and the Moon match because they fit together but Africa and South America do not... seems weird. Mind, if you accept a South America moving west, then you accept a Pacific that was once too big, so...

[@animistchannel]

Ooh, don't thrust away those giant young stars from your cluster/area, especially the later generation ones. Get some convective starlifting/sifting going on those monster babies, and you have a usable star system for like a quadrillion years, plus crazy tonnage of metals to build with. That's basically the only system you'll ever need. Additionally, the minimal signal lag means you'll actually have a coherent culture. I suppose once you get that established, you might actually want to thruster the whole system away to the intergalactic void WITH your people in it, just to keep out of the way of future incidents. That's a great stable long-term home.

[@bombfog1]

The plural of spectrum is spectra.

[@cavetroll666]

cheers from Toronto love SfIA sundays :D

[@zrebbesh]

Congrats on your newly formalized family! A trio of adorable moppets will certainly keep you busy. You mention a "molten iron-rich core" to form a magnetosphere, but if we didn't have the example of Earth itself and the Theia collision, it would be hard to understand how a planet as Iron-rich as this one - Earth is literally 32 percent Iron - could form this early in the Universe and this far from the galactic core. It ought to be another six billion years at least before planets like this emerge this far from the core in typical systems.

[@ArawnOfAnnwn]

Astronomers: Everything besides hydrogen and helium are METALS! 😌 Chemists: WTF?!! 😡😡😡

[@donperegrine922]

Regular people: WTF?!! 😡

[@JCavinee]

WTFers: 🎉

[@kennethultimate02]

and there is liquid hydrogen inside Jupiter's core

[@tonyfroud5234]

A perfect Sunday afternoon a nice ale a fantastic cigar and the delightful Isaac Arthur true Sunday afternoon bliss

[@sab1751]

This is a great episode. Watched it on Nebula. I would even say it was primordial. Badoom tsh. Thank you very much, don't forget to tip for service on your way out. 😊

[@MrQwertyman111]

Beautiful family! Stay awsome and thank you for all the great content you provide us! 🥰

[@rogersnick17]

Blessings to you and your family, Issac. You provide so much value to us, and I'm so happy you get to be happy.

[@antonio12544]

The animations are getting insanely good

[@joefekete4384]

You know what? You deserve your perfect life. You are the embodiment of hope for human civilization in the far future. Oh, and you have a glass half filled attitude that rubs off on people.

[@TheBakedalaskajoe]

super stoked for you and the fam

[@ImaPseudonym-go6oy]

Question: could there be an alternative path towards creating heavier elements in small amounts during the very early pre-stellar universe? Say, by fusion in the densest, hottest parts of accretion disks of primordial black holes? If so, that could result in the creation of planetary mass objects in the very early universe, maybe even before the earliest stars. I couldn't imagine they'd be common, but they could conceivably exist, couldn't they?

[@50shadesofgreen34]

thanks isaac, your channel is the best!

[@paxdriver]

Love your channel man! Thank you for all the years of earnest work. You deserve every bit of your successes, it's been a trip watching your channel grow all these years. It's been wonderful, thank you.

[@TheZombieSaints]

Jeezus! I had no idea nebulas could be so hot! Just amazing. Thanks for teaching me something I didn't know yesterday 👍😉

[@jakec9522]

Thank you, Mr. Arthur, for sharing your wisdom of the cosmos, as well as wonderful news about your family. 😊

[@marumiyuhime]

great vid

[@hollybyrd6186]

Another great episode

[@jakinluk2513]

welcome back to sfia, the show where I nod along and pretend like I understand the video

[@christophe5756]

I’ve watched it twice, and on my third watch-through I stopped halfway through because I was distracted. This is important. I’m going to watch it until I KNOW it. 👍🏽👍🏽

[@cannonfodder4376]

A good Sunday episode and happy adoption, Isaac!

[@wagon9082]

Good Video

[@Johnnyoity]

Long time viewer, rare commenter - congrats on the formalization of everything with your family. Very much enjoying the content - glad to see good things happening to you behind the "camera" as well!

[@raymondregis6219]

Congratulations!

[@osomorose]

I’m so disappointed you didn’t start this intro off as ‘our world is ancient, but the universe is ancienter’

[@reasonitician]

Congrats on the family!

[@richardwilson861]

Congratulations on your new family, Isaac. Gravity has a way of bringing bodies together, God Bless.

[@SMunro]

15:58 DS9 intro vibes... nice.

[@Kargoneth]

Congratulations on a successful adoption, Arthur family!

[@cblimes]

your family is lovely isaac

[@jeffreysims6474]

Love the video lol

[@marcelgrabowski5939]

Isaac Arthur: Primordial Planets! KZbin: Climate Change!!

[@Kargoneth]

Earth's third atmosphere? Interesting.

[@dahn57]

Congratulations on the formal confirmation of your family Isaac 🙂

[@aaronandelise]

My favorite KZbin channel!

[@cptbutt3571]

Liked and shared

[@UrdnotChuckles]

If Mercury was a hot gas giant in the distant past, I wonder how much of its atmosphere would have been captured by planets further out in the solar system?

[@jameshughes3014]

Congratulations on the family.

[@crispico4727]

25:00 Christopher, Isabella and WHAT

[@donperegrine922]

Lmao Christopher, Isabella and FavouriteChild

[@Paraphen]

Haha I replayed that like ten times to make sure I wasn’t mishearing it but honestly I kind of dig it

[@sarcasmo57]

The universe is a real trip.

[@SMunro]

Careful Isaac, you scored yourself three Ice cream eaters.

[@dovahlorian3381]

Malevelon Creek lore just dropped

[@alexkibbe2792]

In B4 geometry grows up to be an economist

[@YouTubeH8sMe]

but J.webb just spotted a spiral galaxy 12.7bil years old, it has organized structure, barbs, and has reached the twilight of star formation.

[@marcelgrabowski5939]

Hm, now here is interesting topic, civilisation that wants to stay fully coherent (be it because of being some sort of AI not wanting to make future threats or just highly paranoical) and because of that never send colony ships to other solar system, and instead moved their solar system by stellar engine, connecting more and more solar systems into it, making what is basically a mobile cluster of stars.

[@j453]

You tripped the youtube propaganda censor. Lol.

[@bitbucketcynic]

It's a badge of honor among us.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Our discussion of agricultural planets did too, their AI is both lazy and orwellian, seems to sum up google-owned IP a lot these days

[@joshjones6072]

I've always wondered about this. Our system has signs of being the second sun and planetary system of a super nova. If the universe is ~14 billion years old, and a G type star lasts 8 billion years, then our system is 8+4.5 so 12.5 bil years for our metallicity. Fermi paradox solved. We're early.

[@boobah5643]

Where does a G-type star come into it? They don't supernova; they aren't big enough. They do the red giant to white dwarf thing after their eight billionish years on the main sequence.

[@yacwac]

is the narrator Barry Kripke?

[@complex314i]

Any significance to the episode "Fermi Paradox: Rare Complexity" being scheduled for the same day as the night of the Annual Purge?

[@chickennugget481]

i don't think so

[@H8FULL1]

Dude ! You named your kid Geometry?! That's freakin Awesome. lol

[@boobah5643]

Nah; he mentioned in the comments last week that the kid came that way.

[@H8FULL1]

@@boobah5643 That's even better. Did he marry the women just because she had a kid named Geometry or are they trying for a Calculous? lol

[@alexdenton9176]

You have a kid called Geometry? I hope he stays on the straight and narrow.

[@donperegrine922]

He is going to go through a teenaged edgy phase.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

I'll have to remember those when he's teen :P @@donperegrine922

[@alexdenton9176]

@@isaacarthurSFIA If he ever gets down during those turbulent years, you can reassure him better things are just around the corner.

[@yoyoface17]

"Fusion of any given particle in the core of a typical star is the sort of thing that happens less often than once in a billion years." This is wrong?? What am I missing?

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Probably overthinking it, the sun will only use about a tenth the hydrogen in its core in its whole ten billion year life, thus the probability of any bit of hydrogen fusing is a lot less than once per billion years, it's way higher in bigger denser hotter and thus shorter lived stars

[@vinniepeterss]

❤❤

[@scottthomas6202]

That new planet smell......

[@partciudgam8478]

for march 28th episode please invite styropyro! lol

[@barryon8706]

Not first. But I'm in Population II.

[@malcolmhardwick4258]

Beautiful kids you got there Isaac !

[@clintjohnmanuba6917]

How is this related to climate change?

[@_abdul]

If you're confused by the Wikipedia link Banner that KZbin shows under videos, Just so you know it's totally decided by KZbin based on some undisclosed factors these may include video content, subtitles, title, description comments etc. The creators are not in control for that. My guess would be that since the video mentions "Hot Planet" in some ways, the YT AI decided it has probably mentioned about Climate Change.

[@konst80hum]

Issac says the word climate change in the context of planetary evolution near the 15.00 mark.

[@SeanSpecker]

can you tell me the possibilities of what god might be? i'm guessing no but i'm hoping yo. i just love your brain. thanks.

[@daemonthorn5888]

3:51 Space IS cold. But it's temperature is not uniform. For example, if you were orbiting Earth in the ISS, and doing a space walk,each time you were in direct sunlight you would heat up,significantly. When you are on the side of the planet facing away from the sun you would be cold. Not only that, but every moon and/or planet that doesn't have an atmosphere is a FROZEN WASTELAND,unless it is close enough to it's parent star to receive direct heating from the sunlight. Mars is frozen most of the time. Pluto is frozen. Every moon in our solar system that has oceans on them are FROZEN over. If space was warm then it would not matter if a planet had an atmosphere to hold in heat. The planets and moons would all warm up to match the ambient temperature of their surroundings. Space's "room temperature", so to speak. Which they do. And that temperature is very cold. Why do you think physicists talk about "the heat death of the universe"? It's because the universe is slowly cooling and reaching a temperature equilibrium. Yes,an OBJECT,including a gas cloud,can be warmed by sunlight or contain it's own heat. But space,itself,is cold. That wasn't always the case,of course. It was very hot in the millenia following the big bang. But it has cooled a lot since then.

[@arcadiaberger9204]

Funny you should refer to Earth as "ancient", Isaac, since I have long been acutely aware, ever since I read an essay by Isaac Asimov about Population I and II stars (and thank you for your brief expansion on the subject in today's video), of our status as part of the second generation of planets, our composition rich in heavy elements.

[@Aztesticals]

Mr. Arthur Couldnt a pop III have a planet like the size of ceres made out of lithium hydride. There is still some chemistry possible here. With a star of over 1k solar masses at least. That cloud has to at least form a few asteroids of lithium hydrid. Maybe still not a true round planet but perhaps a series of spaced smaller eros sized ones Edit and technically if we follow the way that the big bang formed almost all hydrogen and helium with less than a percent lithium. Well the conditions would allow for an absolutely miniscule amount of beryllium. Like 0.01% of the lithium or less. But still there js some chistry possible on very small scales. But alk the lithium and beryllium would form into hydrides or if lithium and beryllium found each other.

[@jarad8533]

Congratulations on the adoption. Your family looks lovely.

[@gregboi183]

You named your kid geometry?

[@kento7899]

LOL. You can't even talk about primordial planets without YT reminding us it's human caused.

[@mikemclaughlinror]

I am Pheonix the TechnoDruid and this is my favorite show on KZbin.

[@ZionistWorldOrder]

how come Geometry doesnt get a name like the other two? or vice versa?

[@boobah5643]

Asking the wrong person; Isaac has mentioned in other comment threads that his kids came with names included.

[@ZionistWorldOrder]

@@boobah5643 well good for them then

[@badme9684]

You have the best video thank you thumbs up. I am confused now a couple weeks ago I found out there were no big bangs from the space telescopes and this video is like 2 or 3 days old. I need some explanation. Well, thank you you have the best video on KZbin.

[@eeronat]

Blessings to your "newly formalized" family.

[@JoeyJoejoe-sq9io]

Aren't all planets that aren't exploding primordial?

[@donperegrine922]

Nah, Primordial means it existed from the beginning of time. Which COULD be taken to mean that no planets are primordial. I think the meaning being used in this episode is something like "Those which formed from the Big Bang remnants directly (not having being born from some other clumping which exploded)". I have heard another meaning of primordial being "unchanged from its original condition" which would probably include earth, but only during the time when it was a glowing rock, and maybe up until the moment the moon split off.

[@JoeyJoejoe-sq9io]

@@donperegrine922I thought it meant something like 'the state that led to ours'. In which case every state leads to another. We are in a primordial state of what will occur in 10 million years if nothing big happens.

[@donperegrine922]

@@JoeyJoejoe-sq9io I have never heard of that, but maybe!

[@JoeyJoejoe-sq9io]

@@donperegrine922I just checked Poe GPT and it says that my definition is perfectly fine as vernacular but that it fails the technical definition in terms like 'primordial ooze'. So yay, we're both right.

[@user-ge8yn4ql4i]

All those comments about a blue rectangle. Seeing nothing. Must have been removed or regional.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Probably regional, its still there and very irritating to me.

[@davidbrennan660]

The IA Algorithm will be waiting for us......with its missiles.

[@JeanEDeaux]

I’m sorry I just can not keep up. 😩😫 TMI far too too fast. 🤯🤯

[@djdrack4681]

All the Hydrogen couldn't have been created in only 1min. even 1hr. Remember, temps were nuclear bomb/supernova temps...To create atoms you're releasing huge amounts of energy: For this to be everything, everywhere, all at once...(pun intended), its a sustained nuclear reaction: it should have caused the white hole to collapse into a back hole...not keep expanding outward. Nothing about that sort of theory adds up.

[@faizanrana2998]

Premature ejaculation planets

[@guillermoelnino]

I wonder what aurthor said to trigger the blue rectangle of propaganda.

[@KingBrandonm]

Do you not think climate change is happening? It's pretty self-evident today to anyone with a brain. Everything Carl Sagan warned the Senate of in 1985 is happening today.

[@bitbucketcynic]

"Hot."

[@stonergaming-vy8ub]

Watched immediately

[@rajukoley9249]

9th to comment.

[@seditt5146]

The YT algorithm has not been kind to you lately never placing in my recommended despite me watching them as soon as they are released. It seems to be last week, two weeks or so the Algorithm has gone to trash and refuses to recommend anything I give two 6shits about.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

YEah the algorithm has been increasingly vicious to us of late

[@Vaeldarg]

@@isaacarthurSFIA It's a "this is why we can't have nice things" kind of effect. There's been a large increase in lazy, fake science/tech channels made by content farms for the views/ad revenue.

[@MrWompz]

@@isaacarthurSFIAmany of the decent conflict creators have been annoyingly hit by the lazy algorithm lately too.

[@bbartky]

Interesting. I must be lucky because I get notified of Isaac’s videos right away.

[@seditt5146]

@@isaacarthurSFIA The recommended algorithm lately has been utter trash for me lately rarely providing me with stuff I care about in the slightest. I generally have to go to your page or scroll way way down before I see any of your content appear. It's nonsense honestly.

[@ASlickNamedPimpback]

I'm sorry... kid named Geometry?

[@annoyed707]

It is congruent with what I have come to expect.

[@malcolmt7883]

Johnny Cash's, 'A boy named Sue,' is a cautionary tale about giving your kids weird names.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

He's 5, I'm not the one who named him Geo, he came with that, and I was hardly going to make him learn a new first name. My wife and I gave him my last name, and helped him pick out a middle name since he didn't have one, at least that anyone knew of.

[@diegoyarleque2495]

Early 🔥

[@YouTubeH8sMe]

youtube putting a political context waring, makes them a publisher.

[@Eldagusto]

Why does this have a climate change context note?

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Because KZbin is really lazy and cheap and incapable of admitting when they or their AI screw up :)

[@spectralvalkyrie]

Congrats on getting a united nations sticker!