Principal Parts Participle Version

Everyone hates them, but you can't do the Latin verb without them - they are the principal parts. Sure, it seems like there is no pattern to these verbs, but there are some trends that carry across all verbs. Watch this video for more insight, but unfortunately there's no shortcut to just memorizing them for each verb until you get the hang of them. This video covers textbooks which have the fourth principal part as the perfect passive participle.

[@gogamezvrishvili5235]

i am studying Latin during rain so no one can see my tears

[@eldesconocido5734]

I guess you're georgian. Your language is quite complicated as well haha

[@exp835]

Lol I can relate to this

[@elichampstyle]

No 3rd io??

[@aarondelgado3421]

The author of the video was just trying to show the general differences between the 4 conjugations and thereby, showing the necessity of memorizing the four principal parts of a verb in order to know which conjugation the verb belongs to.

[@erisdiscord1618]

OMG....I wish you were my Latin professor. You make Latin make sense.

[@latintutorial]

Hey, that’s a great tag line!

[@latintutorial]

Of course. Any native speaker of a Romance language has a much easier time pronouncing Latin than speakers of Germanic languages (including English). It's just so hard to get the natural rhythm down.

[@kennysamudio3582]

That's true, Spanish is my native language and it's way easier to pronounce words in latin. Your pronunciation is great though.

[@lefu7812]

@@kennysamudio3582 I am russian so my english accent is quite bad, but Latin seem to agree well with my russian pronounciation lol

[@ryanisber2353]

Ends the video by saying Latin is useless

[@itacurno5891]

Now from knowing nothing in latin classes to being ahead in learning in classes Thank You!😄

[@paulbu6003]

English as my second language,, I have to say, yes we do have to remember a long list of English declensions......painful memory LOL, now repeating.

[@latintutorial]

tuli comes from the root of tollo (to raise), likely because fero didn't originally have a perfect stem. latus is actually *tlatus, with the u weakened away to nothing in between the t and l, and then the t just falls away (that makes sense if you pronounce "tlatus").

[@LeebrockLee]

You have successfully demystified the verb in 6 minutes!!! Thank you so much. I'm a first year Latin tutor/student. I home educate my children using the classical method and so Latin is a must. Thank you for all your help. (Would love to see some videos on the Dative, Ablative, and Genitive cases of nouns when you have some time ... we are trying to translate sentences with several cases of the noun in them. )

[@latintutorial]

As someone who has never studied Portuguese, I didn't want to butcher it and offend anyone!

[@helenvickers1938]

latintutorial that’s ok

[@latintutorial]

@scwa7x Some textbooks use the supine for the fourth principal part, others use the perfect passive participle. It's essentially the same thing (minus the -s or -m ending), although technically not all verbs have a perfect passive participle, e.g., intransitive verbs. Check out my other video on principal parts (supine version).

[@Steampunk_Ocelot]

I just remember chanting the end bits outside my Latin classroom. I did two years of Latin but my teacher made it so dull I gave up. Im starting to do it again five years later

[@ianchen1962]

I wish you good luck

[@habebahossain4448]

Lol same every time at the end of the lesson we had to chant it

[@murphie_4559]

I hate my Latin teacher. He’s such a creep. Wish I had this dude as my Latin teacher.

[@austinscott6611]

What are the principle parts for 3rd io?

[@EvanC0912]

I like your statement at the end. It reminds me of Goethe's quote: "Wer fremde Sprachen nicht kennt, weiß nichts von seiner eigenen." (Those who don't know foreign languages know nothing of their own.)

[@0hnutty455]

Your comment reminded me of this quote from Albert Einstein: "The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination."

[@erepivel104]

None of this is making any sense. Why does "to carry" start with f, l, or c, but only under f in a dictionary? what even does principle part mean? Why does it take you 5 minutes to explain that each verb in latin is spelled in 4 different ways but not why or how? Why did you just jump from basic english nouns and verbs to very complex latin verbs in a few videos? i have watched half of your videos and this is the only one i do not understand.

[@SistoActivitatemAtm]

I'm so grateful for these videos, but I was confused with this one

[@erepivel104]

@@SistoActivitatemAtm yes exactly

[@latintutorial]

"having been loved" and just plain "loved" are equivalent: "the food, loved by the dog, was good" and "the food, having been loved by the dog, was good" mean the same thing. But in modern English, we tend to not use "having been" much at all.

[@vatnidd]

No language is difficult when you use it every day.

[@djstapler]

Do you use latin every day?

[@campodemarte4352]

@@djstapler I would like to have the chance. I'm even considering applying to the Accademia Vivarium Novum.

[@brodig]

Very helpful video! I was wondering: my Latin teacher gave the 4th principle as -tum (like amatum). Looking at different resources online, both amatum and amatus seem to be randomly chosen as the 4th. Are they basically the same, or is there a reason for the difference? Thanks!

[@latintutorial]

Not randomly - it's a philosophical difference on how the 4th principal part should be displayed. The -um ending is *probably* better, but many texts don't want to introduce the concept of a "supine" early in Latin education. To cover my bases, I've made two videos about principal parts. Here's the video with the 4th principal part ending in -um: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pHPRoGCaotGqlZo

[@brodig]

Ah perfect, thank you for the quick response! I'll watch that one now :)

[@9sockmonkey]

Are you the same person on those wonderful Bible Project videos??

[@latintutorial]

@LeebrockLee Again, thanks. I'm working my way through everything, but it may take some time. Hopefully I will be able to coordinate some new videos with my current curriculum at school this spring.

[@latintutorial]

maneo is intransitive (doesn't take a d.o.), so it can't have a perfect passive participle ("having been remained"? No, doesn't make sense). Therefore, the 4th part is either mansum (accusative supine) or mansurus (future active participle). It's likely the 4th part you learned was an error by mistaken transfer, while forgetting about maneo's intransitivity.

[@latintutorial]

The third pp is important because it gives you the stem for the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect active tenses. You may be able to predict this for some verbs, but it can be especially difficult for many others, especially 3rd conjugations. The fourth pp is important because it gives you the perfect passive participle (in English, the past participle). Intransitive verbs (like "to sit") can't ever have passive forms, so that's why some verbs only have three pp's.

[@latintutorial]

@MrsBenzedrine1 That's probably what we call the Third -io, so verbs like facio, facere, feci, factus, which has forms similar to both the 4th conjugation (-īre ending in the infinitive) and 3rd conjugation (-ere ending in the infinitive).

[@latintutorial]

No problem, and thanks. You can private message me through KZbin: it's much simpler.

[@antlecca]

isnt a ppp (perfect passive participle) translated having been .....ed

[@latintutorial]

@MrsBenzedrine1 That's the one. capio, capere, cepi, captus is a Third -io, like facio, facere, feci, factus.

[@calvinmirandamoritz4507]

Hi, I'm French and all my textbooks including the very trusted Gaffiot dictionnary gives all supines are ending with -tum. Why are yours in -tus?

[@latintutorial]

Yes, rolled. Never like in French or German.

[@analuizasilva5191]

This video was so good, thank you!

[@latintutorial]

You're so welcome!

[@OTrajano25]

Your conduct honor me. That the winds of the bonanza sweep the path. You chose a very dificult word. Father in portuguese is very easier. If you want to know portuguese curiosities talk to me. I'm always here for thirsting for knowledge. How old are you really?

[@CaesarInVa]

Wow....I have 5 degrees including a MS in Information Systems from Johns Hopkins and a MS in Taxation from Villanova Law and this is the most complicated shit I've ever encountered. I'd rather do Fourier analysis on an AC circuit without a calculator. Guess its time to buy the "Latin for Children" set by Veritas.

[@latintutorial]

Jp Ferri: Having swum the Channel, I rested my weary limbs on the French shore.

[@latintutorial]

Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with the British system at all. I don't think I could provide much input beyond just answering the questions!

[@plasmaratic]

@@latintutorial Im sorry I have no context, what does this mean, this seems reandom

[@ttownfeen]

@@plasmaratic The comments he was replying to have been deleted

[@stevenhartley318]

Hi in Luke 18 verse 12 “jejuno bis in sabbato, decimas do omnium quæ possideo.” “Decimas” and “do” are both verbs. To translate the sentence “I give tithes” it seems that “decimas” you tithe has become the direct object of “do” I give. I wondering has “decimas” become the direct object of “do” and what is the function of “decimas” in the sentence? Fr Hartley

[@tunistick8044]

As a non english speaker i can confirm that we're learn the three parts of a verb you mentioned, however i see that english is super ez. Tho, may the weirdest thing i saw in english is that: the verb is "to find" and its p. participle is "found", BUT!! there's another verb that's "to found" and the p. participle is "founded"

[@odinfredrikrustad7450]

Very helpful. Thank you for your work. Much appreciated. - Make education Latin again.

[@ChocosoftPC]

In my language (portuguese) we have more than 4 parts I guess! That's why in tests i have 17/20 in english and 13/20 in Portuguese!

[@tianchenghuang973]

“Latin is so useless”, lol. I guess people who spend their life time seeking for usefulness and utility with large probability won’t end up in this channel to learn Latin ;)

[@diyapatel754]

wait did i actually understand something about latin for once

[@gaius6187]

would you consider studying together, and sharing knowledge with me?

[@gaius6187]

would u ?

[@elisap6081]

lol @NixMortis99 haber doesn't mean to speak in spanish that's hablar

[@OTrajano25]

in previous tuturial you don't read the word "mãe" it's dificult?

[@angellove374]

Graceful.... I like it!~ :-)

[@OTrajano25]

I'm learning latin with Rosetta Stone, did you know that program? (it is the verb know the correct, for that phrase? In portuguese we have 6 verbs to the diferents senses of this verb)

[@vatnidd]

I love how Chinese has difficult writing system and pronunciation (tones!) but has freaking easy grammar: no inflexion, no tenses, no cases, no gender, no singular/plural, etc.

[@Willow-fk4kp]

This is gonna give me nightmares pls help me

[@PoorlyTranslated]

Most of these comments are 6 years old!

[@maddoxmalchow846]

Why does the intro sound like Hamilton?

[@latintutorial]

Because Lin Manuel used my loop? Seriously, check out the date of this video, it predates Hamilton!

[@maddoxmalchow846]

Just wondering. That's all. Btw thanks for the help.

[@chaizacharyyy3832]

latintutorial entered the room： "...and its good to know that our struggles and pains, aren't much different." me as an non english native speaker barely speaking perfect english yet still biting off more than they can chew: peek through the door

[@MEPS1996]

Why do some verbs not have a fourth principal part? Also, why do you need four principal parts anyway. You can tell the conjugation of all verbs by the 1st and 2nd principal parts. Please reply i have an exam in 2 days. Thanks

[@Monti-ko]

@latintutorial Then I guess someone decided to give us Germans another conjugation to learn since apparently Latin is "much easier" for us to learn anyway XD. Stuff like cases is natural to me cause we learn the cases in primary school with simple question words that make it all easier.

[@Monti-ko]

@latintutorial I think that's not it. Like I said, I learned that there are five different conjugations: the a-conjugation, the e-conjugation, the i-conjugation, the consonantal conjugation and the mixed conjugation, so verbs like "capere" belong to the mixed one.

[@1cathexis]

Why are videos 1& 4 deleted? Is this sequence therefore incomplete?And what were the missing titles? - TIA!

[@scwa7x]

this is pretty helpful, but i just want to ask 1 thing (sorry if its a dumb question) in my text book the principal parts are as follows for example: duco, ducere, duxi, ductum... clarrification would be much appreciated:)

[@Monti-ko]

I'm learning Latin in Germany and our order of the conjugations is a bit different and we also call them a-conjugation, e-conjugation and so on. There's a fifth one called mixed conjugation. What about that?

[@N00bcrunch3r]

English is mostly devoid of those traits too, you know? No grammatical gender and number outside of nouns and the third-person singular. Adjectives and nouns are also completely devoid of declension.

[@cloin6]

I still don't quite understand the fourth principle part, I wish you'd gone into a bit more depth with it. Is it the pluperfect tense?

[@emmadenis6465]

What do you do if your Latin work does not specify tell you if it ends with a long or short sound? For example he mentioned short ere and long ere.

[@OTrajano25]

I'm a Portuguese and I heard that is easier to us pronounce latin. It's true? I chose your videos to learn latin. The music of this language is divine

[@ydasda4210]

This made SO MUCH sense! Thank you.

[@WoW-wl1qi]

Ultra common W

[@dr.glockenspiel1819]

The comments should be slow enough...so if Mrs.Pellis loads up this video... Ethan Enslin has left his mark! RAWR!

[@sh3ll901]

This is the day before a Latin test thx so much

[@lucap6732]

advenitis means you (all) arrive. 2nd person plur. look up william whitakers words for better help

[@OTrajano25]

Sory. I wrote in Portuguese. So I am asking if you want to gave me your email and health for your son

[@umbrelladilemma4556]

Hi Why is "malo"s principle parts, malle, malui not something like malare, malari

[@poploli2660]

You are a blessing since I forgot all of year one Latin and our school makes us take it for 3 years at minimum

[@shazh6183]

When you have a Latin GCSE tomorrow and you're trying to go over the basics

[@fearlines5818]

Hey I really like your videos, but I don’t see anymore. Please post! 😭😱

[@latintutorial]

August!

[@fearlines5818]

@@latintutorial Oh so you post in school.. Ok nice thanks!

[@vatnidd]

I had a hard time learning the English verb conjugations which are irregular.

[@tspark1071]

Interesting

[@berdth8397]

nice ending

[@verkaamartis]

perfect

[@BellaBellaIsaIsa]

Ok seriously this video helped me so much

[@latintutorial]

Great!

[@aidanflynn2037]

Bro this is such a good video. Thank you

[@k2ngcorn]

I really do not enjoy studying latin

[@latintutorial]

Stick with it, watch my videos, and it will get easier!

[@jpferri4352]

is swum a real word?

[@dpduhon5838]

Yes-it's the past participle of swim

[@dpduhon5838]

FencerDoesStuff that's the simple past. you could either say "i swam yesterday" or "i have swum this week," but the first would be simple past and second would be past participle

[@OTrajano25]

the "r" are rolled? Or are like the Germans "r"?

[@CalebShawKLEEB]

Thanks this is very helpful

[@katarn201]

Can someone tell me what advenitis means?

[@daesungkim5708]

Thank you it helped me alot!

[@MostHighDwelling]

French and Latin are a lot alike!

[@lucap6732]

sorry it was a little late

[@quackmastr]

I use Porto portare portavi portatus for to carry

[@reybeck8952]

You have saved my life

[@amj.composer]

BRING. BACK. LATIN.

[@0hnutty455]

it's ded m8

[@no23939]

Wheres the english version?

[@MEPS1996]

thanks for the swift reply

[@ianchen1962]

i swear every time i have something that i need to revise and i google it you are there to save me

[@latintutorial]

This makes me feel really good. Thank you!

[@peteryu4919]

Great video!

[@MegaMAXgaming]

I wonder why that is?

[@jeffrey6244]

A very good video and your pronunciation is perfect! There is one question no one has been able to answer though, and that is why on earth are there *four* different conjugations?? Do you know the origin of this absurdity? It's actually worse than having five different declensions, which can partially be explained by having three genders, although genders themselves are an unnecessary complication. What we need is to adopt Esperanto with some (if not all) of the improvements from Ido!

[@latintutorial]

Most of the distinction with the different declensions and conjugations revolves around the dominant vowel ending the noun and verb stem. 1st declension is the a declension, 2nd declension the o declension, 3rd declension the i/consonantal stem declension, 4th declension the u declension, and 5th declension the e declension. For conjugations, the 1st conjugation is the a conjugation, the 2nd the strong/long e conjugation, the 3rd the short e/i conjugation, and the fourth the strong/long i conjugation.

[@jeffrey6244]

latintutorial I know that, but it does not explain the different sets of endings, such as the b or m for the future of verbs, the same ending (e.g. a) used for different purposes depending on the noun or adjective declension, etc. *None* of that is actually needed if you have pronouns and prepositions - not that Latin is going to change its entire grammar for my sake of course. The modern Romance languages have eliminated most of the case endings for nouns and adjectives but kept the gargantuan mess of verb inflections. English has gotten rid of most all of these extraneous complications at the very minor price of depending on word order, which to me makes it superior, but not because I happen to be a native speaker. If Turkish and Esperanto can have absolutely regular verbs, why can't other languages?

[@latintutorial]

Jeff Rey I wouldn't complain too much about Latin grammar, which is far more sensical and logical than, say, English grammar (think of the varied functions of the word "to"). Many of your questions are easily answered in a good Latin grammar guide, which exposes the history of Latin, making all of the weirdness make sense. For example, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (available as a free pdf online) would tell you that the 3rd/4th conjugation future endings are really subjunctive endings used in a future sense. You may find it fun to read this just to learn why things are the case, and why languages would prefer conjugations and cases to, say, prepositions and auxiliary words.

[@jeffrey6244]

latintutorial To tell you the truth, I have developed a somewhat perverse fondness for all these ridiculous complexities of various languages and am mildly competent in several of them. It's like doing especially difficult and hair-pulling crosswords or jigsaw puzzles at times, then it feels like I've accomplished something when a light dawns. It does little to improve my overall opinion of them, though, since they are all the products of random, undisciplined mutations over the centuries - like humans too, come to think of it.

[@latintutorial]

Jeff Rey Language change is definitely not random. There's a whole field of historical linguistics set to unfold the mysteries of how languages evolve and why, and these linguists have come up with quite a great understanding of how one language becomes another and why certain things happened.

[@OTrajano25]

How? I don't know

[@carlsong6438]

Why does wheelock's have the fourth form ending in -tum and not -tus?

[@latintutorial]

Wheelock’s chooses to make the fourth principal part the accusative supine, which ends in -tum, rather than the perfect passive participle. It’s a very reasoned choice. I have a video called “principal parts supine version” that looks at principal parts from this perspective. Check it out!

[@latintutorial]

Here’s the link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pHPRoGCaotGqlZo

[@randyh647]

You had a low buzzing sound or hum in your audio near the end of the video, this usually means that your microphone cord is too close to your power cord, you can move them away from each other, use shielded cables or a ferrite core to reduce the noise. Other than that the audio and your voice tone was perfect. I subscribed!

[@latintutorial]

Thanks. It's not an issue anymore!

[@randyh647]

Great. I have a 5.1 sound system and my subwoofer picked it up a little at the end. I've produced over 5000 videos so far and teach a lot of teachers.

[@helenvickers1938]

Randy H I will sub, seeing you don’t have any

[@dabing862]

amo latin

[@tidytok]

Fortnite is the best personally I love edit pump wars

[@radioreactivity3561]

it's actually "linguam latinam amo"

[@NixMortis99]

By watching your videos, I now understand the direct similarities of French and Italian to Latin. Stāre in Latin is to stand, but stare in Italian means to stay. Similar still. And es and est are both second/third person singular in French and Latin. But Spanish is more different(habere in Latin is to have, haber in Spanish is to speak.)

[@Lol-ok9kl]

NixMortis99 hablar is Spanish for speak not haber. Haber is to have in Spanish just like Latin. Also Spanish conjugation is closer to Latin than French or Italian. Amo amas ama amamos amáis aman are the equivalent to amo amas amat amamus amatis amant in Latin

[@neilanleveque8490]

ONE MILLION DISLIKES?