Nuclear Reactions, Radioactivity, Fission and Fusion

[@emmettgriner6345]

I am a 66-year old retired accountant trying to fill the gaps in my knowledge of basic science. For my purpose, your videos are head and shoulders above everything else on KZbin: Clear, Concise, and Complete. Many thanks. I won't say "Please keep up the good work" because I already know you will.

[@AAG414]

this science is hardly "basic." this is well above basic

[@dsk3401]

@@AAG414 not that hard to understand though

[@firstlawgaming2680]

@@AAG414 No its basic

[@JC-lu4se]

@@firstlawgaming2680 You need a reference point for that statement. Grade 1 high school?

[@mercifulserventurdu1753]

Wow motivation for me because im 19 and dont give attentiin towards my studies 😂🥺🥺

[@ConfidenceinChrist90]

I'm a physics and chemistry teacher and I be watching your videos to help explain things to my students. Thank you!

[@footrot17]

I hope your not teaching your students to speak like that. You contribute to the dumbing down of humanity.

[@racquelcarter3538]

Can you help me?

[@MrsNoble2007]

@@footrot17 maybe check your own spelling before hitting "send" on those judgmental comments of yours! 🙄 *YOU'RE* hilarious

[@wh00lio]

@@MrsNoble2007 nigga, dont let me yo ass

[@pigeonlove]

@@wh00lio 🐫💩

[@kaine4123]

This was a good video. I can't express how satisfied I am by it. You covered everything my Professor took two weeks to explain in 14 minutes.

[@westwest35]

Nope

[@paulina4925]

He covered everything our professors couldn't explain in a whole semester.

[@topmoaz5612]

@@paulina4925 thats true

[@reymarckessaguirre5082]

Your professor covers anything? You’re lucky.

[@tasneemahmed5821]

Literally

[@thelastcrow5660]

I'm sure you get comments like this all the time, but damn dude, you're awesome! This 14 min video offered a way better explanation than an entire semester of radioactivity courses and seminars. Thank you.

[@dominicj7977]

I had forgot everything I learned as soon as I passed out from highschool, despite having aced in the exams. By the time I finished engineering, highschool chemistry was like an unknown language to me.A couple of minutes on your videos and everything just came back to place. I still refer your videos instead of old textbooks. Thanx a lot.

[@geethanjalibalaji5232]

yeah agreed.

[@donniefan5345]

you misspelled thanks idiot

[@dominicj7977]

@@donniefan5345 its short form.

[@tanishadaharwal9386]

I never knew someone could be this good at teaching, explaining creating content👍 *You really set the standards high*

[@OkKhaos]

He's dogshit at explaining and creating content. He's reading stuff he doesn't understand and doesn't go shit into detail. He's one of the worst teachers ever and this video is very boring.

[@TheFirstNamelessOne]

@@OkKhaos Mind to tell me why?

[@OkKhaos]

@@TheFirstNamelessOne I did. Read again!

[@TheFirstNamelessOne]

@@OkKhaos You're right! But please do not expect anything big from a minute video. Read books, magazines in order to understand this video is mostly a recap.

[@aryanayush136]

OkKhaos he isn’t going into details because he is explaining the base. And what are you saying he knows nothing about science he is a science communicator of course he must know his stuff

[@gibransaliba8801]

Made me love chemistry even more. Keep rockin Doc

[@sagniksarkar1503]

Umm Doc ? He isn't a Doctor .

[@NEnigma777]

You explain things so much simpler than my professors. I’m so thankful I found your channel!

[@peterpetrovsky9989]

Now I am ready for an Openheimer

[@oscarmcevoy90]

haha same

[@tchitchouan]

Opp opp opp

[@insanetea4065]

I’m a computer science student but I just find this really interesting. Way cooler than sitting in front of a screen programming all day

[@ecozeek363]

Great video. This explains exactly what our NGSS STEM Chem students need for a review of concepts in nuclear changes. Thank you!

[@tapk1995]

I am 55 yrs who hated organic chemistry because probably teacher bored us to death in classroom. Yet we had few genius who were very good. Those days periodic table had less elements & there were only 4 particles. But ur videos are so interesting that it takes me back to my school days. Engineering for me was far more easy as I understood. If u were my teacher and I was 14 yrs, definitely would have taken up chemistry. Thanks and May god bless u

[@davidjohansson7646]

I am happy I understand decay mechanics better now. It aided me to understand geological dating processes in a more complete manner. Thank you so much!

[@Mackfilmz]

Professor Dave always coming in clutch before my exams 😂 I felt way more confident about my last biology test too. Thank you, Professor Dave!

[@mariakhan6090]

Thank you professor Dave! These videos are perfectly concise, I didn't get the concept fully when my teacher taught this, but now it's all clear

[@abhyuday1294]

No words to explain you ......why u haven't a nobel in teaching.....such a great personality

[@OkKhaos]

You are an idiot. He's un-engaging, boring, and can't teach. He can't remember anything, can't you see him reading off of something behind the camera. There isn't any eye contact and you can see his eyes move back and forth as he reads. He's a terrible teacher, and this is one of the worst videos I have ever seen. He doesn't even have a personality. His voice monotone the entire time and he's not even good at public speaking.

[@iamthemouse4483]

I wish I valued your channel more back in high school. Your videos really help to give me a better understanding of science.

[@viallymboma9874]

I have been watching documentary about quantum and particle physics and didn't really understand everything cuz everything was explained at higher level...but this video broke everything down for me and now I understand why nuclear reaction happens and it make real sense...thanks for this video...tho old, it still gold for understanding basic knowledge

[@DaFratRat]

Positron and Electron: Weigh the Same - opposite forces Neutron weighs more than Proton Neutron loses electron -> Becomes proton (lighter) Proton loses positron -> Becomes neutron (heavier) How does a proton lose something but become heavier?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

+Donovan Patar something about the properties of the positron! very strange stuff, you know.

[@hazratullahhisham]

Donovan Patar Neutron emits antineutrino and loses electron becomes lighter proton.. Proton emits neutrino and positron. stay the same but to a lesser extent lose some weight as it was before because positron is too small as compare to electron but just loses positive sign.

[@harrrisgaming]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains I think it is because losing positron is the same as gaining electron, just my theory

[@WilliamCacilhas]

harisgaming it’s because of what’s happening inside the nucleons. A proton consist of two up quarks and a down quark. Up quarks have 2/3 charge and down quarks have -1/3 charge. Adding them together and you see where the proton gets it’s positive charge from. Up quarks have less mass than down quarks. A neutron is composed of one up quark and two down quarks. So adding the charges you get 0. When a proton decays into an neutron it releases a W+ boson which decays into a positron neutrino pair. What is happening inside the proton is that one of its quarks is sending out 1 positron worth of charge which changes it into a down quark (2/3-1=-1/3). Since down quarks have more mass the nucleon has gained mass. It’s something to note that the gained mass comes from the quarks interaction with the Higgs field since down quarks more strongly interact with it. It didn’t just come from nothing. At least that’s my understanding of it.

[@karolsobczuk9894]

​@@WilliamCacilhas I've logged in just to write you a big thank you man. I was looking for a proper answer for that question in comments, but most of it is just "buttlicking" . Thanks for making it clear, or at least as clear as you understand it.

[@belgiumball2308]

0:58 Flat earthers: *hey dont forget about us we use it to explain literally everything*

[@sciencelearnremember]

I like how you relate the topic to visuals and real examples so I can remember it easier.

[@RWL_Channel]

You helped me pass a ap Chem test thanks

[@Jim54_]

Humanity’s rejection of Nuclear power was a massive mistake, and the environment has payed dearly for it as we continue to rely on fossil fuels for our electricity

[@JessB009]

Solar panels do exist which is a huge improvement. Coal and steam powered energy is also an option but dangerous for different reason. Utilizing solar was one of the best creations thus far. We should switch and stay innovative I believe we can do it as long as we avoid voting in unqualified and uneducated politicians that don’t believe global warming exists.

[@blackdragonwave9415]

Great and accessible video! One small caveat to keep in mind: the mass of a neutron is not exactly the mass of a proton + the mass of an electron . The masses of a neutron/proton/electron are 939.566 MeV/c2, 938.272 MeV/c2, and 0.511 MeV/c2 respectively, which leaves 0.783 MeV for kinetic energy. In case anyone caught it, the process of positive beta emission actually generates mass, which is why it can only happen inside a nucleus under certain conditions, whereas regular beta decay can and does happen with free neutrons. Conservation of mass isn't a fundamental law of physics.

[@cgaccount3669]

Why have I never encountered a teacher that would give a quick summary like this before getting into the details ? It's so much more interesting to know the point of a lecture before getting deep into the details. In school it's just present the details as dull as you can. Memorization is the focus rather than understanding

[@unsaali4201]

His intro makes me happy in a way that I can't explain

[@Nexus2Eden]

Love your videos ... Please keep making them!

[@matthiasberndt7897]

Mistake at 11:00. 2H (aka Deuterium) does not decay. The only radioactive isotope of Hydrogen is 3H, aka Tritium.

[@EddyPrice]

Yes, this bothered me too. He is talking about radioactive elements in your body, but all the isotopes shown on the screen there are stable! 14C is the radioactive one, as is 15O, and as you note, 3H. Otherwise, loved the video.

[@prafulkatare4385]

You made it so simple, thank you for that.

[@jeromemalenfant6622]

14:11 Beta decay is the reaction n -> p + e^- + antineutrino. For this to happen the mass of the neutron must be more than one electron mass greater than the proton; it's actually about 2.5 electron masses greater. If it was exactly one electron mass greater it could not beta decay since it needs some energy left over for the kinetic energy of the electron and antineutrino. And the statement that a neutron 'is a proton and an electron combined' is wrong. The electron (like the antineutrino emitted in the decay) is created in the decay; it did not exist beforehand. Neutrons consist of one up quark and two down quarks; protons consist of two up quarks and one down quark. Electrons are not made up of quarks.

[@MelNuesch]

I watched all the playlist! Your videos rock, they explain everything in a couple of minutes! Congratulations and thank you so much! Keep doing them! Greetings from Uruguay, South America :)

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

it's my great pleasure! tell your classmates!

[@xiongerbuku]

A good video. Love from China.

[@jasonchu212]

OMG i just left some messages at other videos complimenting at theri lucidness. And this video just totally blew my mind. I am so grateful for your video. Thank you so much!

[@emilyhesterman5340]

Professor Dave you are seriously the best. You are the reason I am passing chem 2

[@medicaldoctor8983]

Hey,Professor Dave. Thanks for your simplicit lectures and they help me alot.I have recommended this channel to many others. I have one question in my mind. "What happens with the electrons of the atoms during any nuclear decay? Can positron emitted from nucleus collide with shell electron and get annihilated along with the electron releasing gamma rays?Will alpha particle take two electrons along with two protons? Can Beta particle(electron from nucleus) knock out shell electron during its emissions? Plz answer this I'll be thankful. I posted this question here because I know Professor Dave and his intellectual subscribers can only answer this.

[@ridinggambit5017]

Hi, yes a positron emitted from the nucleus will definitely at some point encounter an electron and undergo annihilation emitting two gamma rays in addition to ionising that atom. But with regards to your second question, an alpha particle does not take electrons with it when it exits the nucleus, but when it encounters another atom it can rip electrons from that atom causing a normal chemical ionisation of that atom.

[@medicaldoctor8983]

@@ridinggambit5017 Thanks for the answer But why alpha particles not take electrons from their parent atom while emitting from its nucleus?

[@ridinggambit5017]

@@medicaldoctor8983 I'm not sure, the academic papers just say that overall electric charge is conserved during alpha decay.

[@medicaldoctor8983]

@@ridinggambit5017 It would be interesting to do a research on that But thats not my field 😢😢

[@Fomites]

Good set of questions!

[@paolarosado8348]

You are an angel! Thank you so much. You truly explain the root of why things happen in the first place. Keep up!

[@Smeltzz]

these videos helped me with my Final sooooo much. omg i wish there were more

[@shossainimam]

Thanks for your excellent video,though I had studied in collage four decades ago but still keep in touch with matters connected with nuclear science,your lecture was like a refresher course and beautifully presented.Thanks again.

[@lsavic]

Helped a lot with starting the topic of radioactivity and the test coming up thanks :)

[@meenakshideepthi3902]

You're videos help me a lot while trying to learn new things where I don't have to worry about learning basics 'cuz your videos are so deductive and are like keys to my preparations. Thank you so much Dave sir.

[@sirijanthakur]

Guts of the chemist working to discover Radiation with uranium lol, still managed to pop it off without any gear

[@vaibhavnmete]

One of the best explanations about physics I ever seen, good going sir.

[@user-jc2ez6ig5z]

You're the best man. I wish you taught a nuclear engineering course

[@anonymous.youtuber]

The clarity of Dave’s explanation is stunning. 🙏🏻👍

[@nirupamam2814]

All of your videos are verrrrrry good....You are the best teacher ever...

[@ridinggambit5017]

I feel this could benefit from explaining the gamma radiation that occurs that from the positron electron annihilation in B+ decay. Otherwise a good lecture.

[@tessa7780]

this is a lifesaver in virtual learning. you're teaching me everything i wasn't able to learn through a zoom. thank you so much

[@parthbhuva650]

The world needs professors like you.👍

[@gabriels2395]

Hello professor! Thank you very much for the videos!! At 8:35 the positron emission is said to come from a proton becoming a neutron and expelling this positron (of negligible mass). I can't just think how can something become something of greater mass (even just a little greater) and on top of that expel another particle. Most likely more particles are involved so when I check the physics Playlist I will find out! Thanks again!!

[@qwaeszrdxtfcgvbqwaeszrdxtf5733]

Mass of the nucleus is different than the sum of the protons and neutrons which make it.It enables total mass of the nucleus to decrease after beta plus emission.

[@DanielGalan]

I subscribed. You explained it so well, combined the Phisics and the Chemistry sides in one video. It's so clear to me now. Thank you.

[@maeb4990]

I've learned that I like necular physics and learning about radiation. Thank you for this video.

[@salaa23]

10:19 Hotel? Trivago

[@sadiarahman0010]

OMG ur explanations literally answered all of my questions ❤️❤️❤️

[@mustafacubukcu2969]

Thank you Sir..

[@jmaried.9642]

Love your video, it's very comprehensible to newbies like me! :D Thanks!

[@rodemermanaba8821]

Hi im Rodemer from Philippines i watched this video your video expalin everything that makes me have an idea that have to do my assignment so thank you to this video Keeping doing Sir i salute you

[@tomaffatigato1498]

This is a very special video. Clear, thorough and concise...and bookmarked

[@lexiu6036]

8:11 idk if someone has pointed that out before, but that's simply not true. the difference between neutron's and proton's masses (~1.3 MeV/c^2) is bigger than the mass of an electron (~0.5 MeV/c^2).

[@galaxy_apollo13]

8:36 if a proton releases a positron in beta decay so it can become a neutral neutron, wouldn't it lose more more mass and the proton would become lighter than it initally was. Ig protons are lighter than neutrons, then how can they become a neutron by losing more mass?

[@FrostDirt]

Proton reverse decaying into neutron requires energy, which surprise surprise generates the mass.

[@samhithasamishetty5247]

Simply a whole chapter in a nut shell..thanks a lot

[@abdullahjaved2832]

Bro you are a very good person...♥️♥️♥️

[@timothedenys8894]

Love your video, and your way of explaining things (special mention for A and Z, number of mass/charge, crystal clear). Plus, cross-references to chemistry, and deeper, to biology, immediately give a good impression. I just found one mistake that could be harmful: 8:12 - neutron "is heavier by *exactly* the mass of the electron" is completely false: if we count in MeV/c², which is the standard in particle physics (people even omit the "/c²" and just say: ) neutron is (roughly) 939.6 MeV. On the other hand, proton is 938.3 MeV, and electron is just 0.511 MeV. Then adding proton mass and electron mass together is still 0.8 MeV away from neutron mass. It's even worse when we consider proton decay (that does *not* exist outside of a nucleus), where proton is still 938.3 MeV and neutron+positron is 940.111 MeV: there is 1.8 MeV appearing from we-don't-know-where (actually we do: it's coming from the other particles of the nucleus wherein lays the "decaying" proton). Speaking short, beta-decays and mass studies both are absurdly fascinating subjects, awfully more complex than just a sum of mass and an equation. It's been 4 years already, and this message could be totally pointless. But, well, to anyone who wants it :)

[@Error-yh3xr]

Thanks

[@NewLondonMarshall]

Excellent video! Really helped thanks

[@rueynenho8860]

Can someone explain at 8:17, he mentioned that the mass of a neutron weighs higher than a proton by exactly the mass of an electron, that means 1.008664u - 1.007276u = 0.001388u which doesnt give the numerical value of 9.11x10^-31 kg when converted to kilograms?

[@jadkhalil9263]

you legit taught me everything for my chem final thanks dude :D

[@upmagaonkar4272]

Your eyes describe your love for science. Keep educating us Professor!!

[@michaelviti5091]

Dave, this was such an excellent video. Thank you SO much!

[@3zOzXzoom]

amazing job .. thanks professor

[@sunahangrai3601]

professor dave delivers insightful lectures

[@michellesullano2069]

I like how you relate the topic to visuals and real examples so I can remember it easier. THANK YOU!!

[@SeanKelly-the-nutjob]

Really nice explainer! Thank you! Just one quibble: at the 3 minute mark, the symbol on screen for beta is a German eszett, ß, which isn’t actually a Greek beta, β. They’re close, though!

[@youtubeaccount0x073]

Best explanation!!

[@Kampamba-ib9zg]

Thanks sir 🎉🎉🎉

[@tuilikaandreas4776]

Well explained! Thank you so much we love you.

[@pjak1minecraft]

Best video that I have seen regarding this topic. Thumbs up!

[@JGHFunRun]

The unstable isotopes that decay via gamma emission are a form of "nuclear isomer", where the nucleus is not in the ground state (most stable state) but an excited state, usually they either decay via fission or gamma emission. The unstable state is notated as Sy* (Sy is the rest of the symbol of the element)

[@001jetman]

You're awesome man. Love you video

[@robertkristofpaulsen2689]

Why does Dave use a German 'ß' (sharp 's') instead of a Greek beta at 3:00?

[@abdullahjaved2832]

I understand about positron......but what about *Megatron* ...?

[@md.mujahidulislampolock4361]

Take love sir.... ❤. Allah gives you more knowledge to spread it.

[@Allestya666]

My mind is blown. Science is so cool.

[@keitos18]

Watched many videos on related to this and this has been my fav so far. Big and small pov really helped! Thanks professor Dave Explains.

[@007-y1v]

8:38 if a proton transforms into a neutron then it should take a electron to reach mass of neutron (positron emotion) but sir you don't Explane So can you Explane it I am confuse Please sir

[@sazandude9022]

Very nice video. Thanks man!

[@jeffharrison1090]

Hi Doc, you always explain things with such clarity that it STICKS to one's mind!

[@phat4298]

8:40 how is it possible if a proton is lighter than a neutron. Shouldnt it absorb an electron to become neutral and have a similar mass as neutron. Can s.o explain it for me, please?

[@hydromic2518]

The ratio of neutrons to protons is too big so by turning a neutron into a proton and electron it lowers the ratio to something that is more favourable

[@FinBoyXD]

When he said "let's check comprehension" and it looked hard I thought I have no idea. But then I proceeded to get them right. Cool video.

[@maryam4259]

nice job

[@stevedixon9734]

I've heard everywhere that a neutron decays into a proton, electron, and a neutrino. But I don't understand how that happens since a neutron is just 2 down quarks and 1 up quark

[@AnantHandoo]

i'm too late for your reply but still here goes. The decay of one of the neutron's down quarks into a lighter up quark can be achieved by the emission of a W boson so the neutron decays into a proton (which contains one down and two up quarks), an electron, and an electron antineutrino. W boson emission creates the opposite quarks so in the proton there are 2 up and 1 down quark

[@TheKorbi]

Dave, your work is awesome. Wow.

[@NoelaniShapiro]

Thank you so much. You are incredible at teaching concepts that would otherwise e difficult to a science student such as myself!

[@pilotf18]

EXCELLENT PRESENTATION!! Congratulations!

[@quantaloop4002]

it would have been nice to verbalize all the written examples of reactions; oven so, one of the best explanation I've seen; instantly subscribed

[@SudoSU01]

This was explained so well! I loved it!

[@craiggordon7550]

This was a video I was looking for and you explained it very well. Thanks

[@nirupamam2814]

You are the best professor in the world..You have a lot of knowledge.. Thanks for sharing this beautiful one..All of your videos are very good..

[@DBZ1106]

Prof I have a question, if a proton give away a positron (which essentially is electron with opp charge) to become neutron, how will it gain mass??? (Considering neutrons are heavier than the proton)

[@angelojohntacuban4133]

he really explains well. thanks to you

[@taskeentori9883]

I simply love your videos! Gosh you are amazing!thanks a lot professor! :)

[@AndrewT]

Unbelievably informative and succinct video

[@cashele]

I'm looking through the comments but haven't seen anyone point out that @13:35 , shouldn't the last one be 26,14 Si? since it is a beta decay, right?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

It's electron capture.

[@cashele]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains Ohhhhh I see now. Thanks for the clarification