Introduction to IP - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 - 2.1

[@celissecarr8682]

This made it click! The delivery analogy cleared a lot of things up for me. Plus, something else that helped me, it is like the TCP boxes hold valuable data that need to be signed for at the door once delivered. UDP can just be dumped on the doorstep, haha. Thank you, Professor!

[@alisadm]

YES!! TCP is FedEx delivery, UDP is UPS, they don't knock or anything, just leave it and run, lol! Great analogy!! THANKS!

[@JakeDaines]

That port/house analogy was genius. It really made ports click for me.

[@brandonstrobel1365]

Yes!! I heard him and then it all clicked. Amazing stuff.

[@isxuros753]

Really brought it home, eh?

[@allooutrick8266]

An example of UDP might be online games. With so many players all needing constant real time updates, the formal process of TCP might prove too slow and unnecessary. If a player lags behind everyone else, the game needs to keep going and that player that fell behind will get immediately caught up once their network connectivity issue resolves itself. They only need to know what's happening in that moment. The past actions might likely be irrelevant.

[@cj003]

good example!

[@billus3893]

Good example. Another example of UDP would be streaming videos

[@ahmedel-asasey1982]

another examble voice over ip like voice calling in messanger

[@r3dg471]

sounds like some escape from tarkov problems

[@holdingsand]

thanks for this, do you have an example of TCP? Maybe a super obvious one to help get my head wrapped around it? edit: nvm I think I got it, I think I'm overanalyzing

[@ARH0101]

I've been in Law Enforcement for several years, but now I'm looking into a career change into the IT field. Coming from no IT experience, I've found your videos to be the most helpful resource I've discovered. I can't wait until I get my A+.

[@nmmk9134]

Did you get it?

[@Mikyburke]

So i have also just quit my job in law enforcement and i am studying the A+ now, how did you find it? did you pass? I've seen people say that these resources didnt help them, and its all scenario based

[@bukIau]

Mikyburke he’s prob dead

[@Liberty_Bull]

@@Mikyburke the test has alot of trick questions and gotchya type things, and yes aloooot of the questions are troubleshooting related. "An employee calls the IT department saying her computer wont print, what's the first thing you should do when troubleshooting her PCs connection to the printer?" 1. Ipconfig 2. Ping. 3. Print a test page 3. Reboot the pc

[@Mikyburke]

@@Liberty_Bull Thankyou for this reply. I put my study on hiatus but will get back on it and will post my experience for anyone else in the future wanting to know what its like

[@emanx222]

Holy cow. I'm entirely new to IT and I'm studying to do the A+ core 1 and 2 exams. I'd covered this topic via a different provider but honestly this video was sooooooooo much more helpful with examples that fully made sense. I still don't understand everything but its making a lot more sense. Thanks so much for this video :)

[@JAlexanderCurtis]

Same thing here. I just paid a bunch of money for another provider and their video on this topic (and many of the other topics so far) just threw out some vocab words without going into any real detail. I learned so much in this free video that was never discussed in the "premium" CompTIA-approved instruction.

[@bblack2015ab]

The analogies Professor Messer uses are pure genius.

[@12sisters1bride7]

This guy used some great analogies.thanx professor for clearing tcp and udp in my head

[@stoiccrane4259]

I love this! Seen similar topics mentioned by different providers but here with Professor Messer it's staright to the point, no useless joking or banter, and he ends the video in a way that compels me to want to hear more! Instead of dragging on to the point where it's difficult to maintain focus.

[@MrSlouke]

A good teacher will always teach us something by giving us an example on something that we already know to learn something new, you did that, I read about this in the book and it just wouldnt click but with your analogy it all clicked, thank you!

[@skullnarrative2876]

Thanks Professor Messer. I really appreciate how you distill this information in such a concise manner. I'm currently watching your videos while also using the Exam Cram book for CompTia A+. I combine my notes from both sources and create note cards to study with using the Anki application. I'm amazed at how much information I've been able to learn and understand based on this method. I admit I was initially skeptical that your videos could offer in depth coverage of the various domains. But I know understand that you went for a quality over quantity approach. I plan to buy your Core Notes and Exam bundle for both Core 1 and Core 2 as I have found your lessons so valuable.

[@brannywanny4533]

Same

[@marcosgarridoutrero7843]

The content of this video and the analogy between network communications and mooving out of your house is plain brilliant. The quality of your material regarding Core 2 was amazing; and Core 1, so far, is the same. I just had to stop the video to let you know this. Thanks a lot, man!

[@Touji_Kyosei]

I want to thank you so very much for taking the time and effort to produce such informational knowledge. I hope to obtain my A+ by the end of 2020 and avoid digging myself into further college debt. Thank you for helping me on this mission!!!!

[@eukelarTV]

I haven't taken my test yet but was able to pass a small assessment and land an interview for a level 1 technician at a network operations center tomorrow morning thanks to these videos, wish me luck 🤞 .

[@joegoldburg4352]

Updates? NOC position would be hard to land with no exp no cert. MOst people land in help desk. If you got that job bro i am buyin u a fuckin pizza to celebrate

[@eukelarTV]

@@joegoldburg4352 I ended up missing the interview as I got a interview for a field technician that paid 4$ more an hour... AND GOT THE JOB. Mostly pulling cat 6 cable and setting up patch panels but as I getore experience and certs I'll be up for jobs like setting up switches and doing more troubleshooting. I'm out on my second job tomorrow have 13 locations lined up for this coming week

[@redmale8943]

Best IP analogy I've seen.

[@SpicierTaco]

I've been working in the IT support realm for the past 2.5 years, and only today, the Network side of the certification actually makes sense.

[@cgme7076]

UDP: Ok, I'm sending these packets, and a lot of them, whether you like it or not.

[@FlustTV]

This comment doesn’t make sense. UDP would only ever send the same amount of packets if not LESS than TCP because TCP will resend the packet if it doesn’t get the data ACK in return

[@jzero671]

@@FlustTV He said a lot, not more than TCP packets. He was obviously making a light joke anyways.

[@griffinnb]

UDP after sending packets that have issues: "LALALALALA MUST'VE MADE IT FINE I DON'T HEAR ANYTHING"

[@HatelivesNextDoor]

UDP is basically USPS, they just throw all the mail through whatever open slot there is. If they lose some, whatever. If you didnt ask for it, whatever.

[@RonaX]

I wasn't aware of non-ephemeral / ephemeral ports during my years in the IT field. Thanks a lot!

[@Anukii]

What an EXCELLENT analogy, thank you so much. Everything has beautifully clicked. I feel like my knowledge of data transfer has been somewhat there, but fuzzy. This absolutely has made everything clear!

[@Roland0687]

Your hands down the best instructor

[@ColeMatthewsOfficial]

Wow, this unit is the hardest for me. Thank you so much for making these videos! I'd be absolutely lost with out this.

[@8bitkame]

Thank you professor! This is really helpful for better understanding the first CCNA chapters I'm studying right now!

[@KAAPNW]

You're a master, I understand fully how IP works now

[@yishen2461]

simple and straight to point explanation! Amazing Prof Messer!

[@DonaGeek]

Ah you are awesome professor! Made things a lot more easy to understand

[@kyleboynton2748]

Oh my goooooooooooooosh, I finally understand how this works. THANK YOU

[@antizombie91]

Sooo wait a server can be using tcp 80 and udp 80 at the same time? Is that right?

[@asv1392]

This makes so much sense

[@theonlyjl17]

That’s a lot of info

[@LyricalInjectionRec]

Right?!

[@Code11314]

Yep!

[@Mak2Grim]

holy crap 20 year old been building computers since i was 16, doing nothing with my life but working at uncles smoke shop i randomly find myself down the IT rabbit hole, im so addicted to learning im chasing my A+ Net+ Sec+ certs, and this has been my biggest roadblock holy crap i cannot get any of this tcp ports sockets locked into my ADHD 1000 tabbed open brain.

[@ShavonneMckinney]

Thanks!

[@professormesser]

Thanks for your support!

[@rinaldus4512]

What happens if a ton of clients are attempting to communicate with the same server at once, and some of those clients use the same ephemeral port number, as there are only so many port numbers to choose from(0-65535)? Is that when a server(or a website) starts to slow down? Is the solution for a high traffic website to have multiple servers with the same accessible data for massive amounts of client to access all at once?

[@professormesser]

Fortunately, the server uses both the source IP address and the source port number to keep track of the communication. For busy sites, it's common to have a load balancer to manage large amounts of traffic.

[@chaosinthechasm]

Thanks for the videos Professor Messer! In your example, the server is using UDP 5004 for VoIP data. Would this port be considered non-ephemeral since the server has dedicated it for this service even though it's outside of the usual non-ephemeral port range of 0 - 1023?

[@professormesser]

Ultimately, the determination of a port being ephemeral or not is determined on how it works, not what the port number happens to be. The non-ephemeral range of 0-1023 is a guideline, not a strict rule.

[@Pokerman-lt2pp]

Professor Messer is a great teacher!

[@fmih]

In your last example, your sending email to port 143, which is IMAP. Isn't IMAP incoming email only?

[@HearMeLearn]

IMAP is for incoming mail, so the email is being sent to port 143, which is where the client will receive the email. I'm not sure where the confusion is

[@GamingLikeMad]

Great video, enjoyed the learning!

[@nikvalinsky]

How does the client "randomly" select the port number? What are the criteria it goes by?

[@professormesser]

The client computer chooses a random number, often in a range between 1,025 through 65,535. In Windows 10, for example, these random source ports range between 49,152 and 65,535. These ranges can usually be configured in the operating system.

[@nikvalinsky]

@@professormesser What is the source of the “randomness”? How does it choose the assignment?

[@nikvalinsky]

@@professormesser Asked another way: let’s say I assign range (x, y) to the client. What is the likelihood that the client automatically chooses number n? Is there an algorithm for how the client’s automatic selection works? What are the tiny steps assigned to the machine that allow it to choose at any level of randomness?

[@professormesser]

I'm not a network stack programmer, but I would expect they would use a built-in random number generation library in whatever language they're using.

[@nikvalinsky]

@@professormesser Thank you so much for your replies!

[@nikhilpatel8920]

Is there a way to know which protocol was used tcp Or udp? how do we know which one gets used when?

[@CuongNguyen-lv9rb]

Genius analogy

[@ppllwedob2988]

Why does UDP need a Source Port if no data is being returned? Is it just something you need to transmit data even if nothing is being returned?

[@professormesser]

Almost all applications send traffic in both directions, even those using UDP.

[@fiercemelon.]

@@laxxdood I believe that UDP still requires a source port for when the server wants to respond to the request made by the client. From my understanding of it source ports aren't only used for confirmation that the data arrived at the server, meaning that UDP would still need a Source port. Please correct me if I'm wrong! hope it helps

[@jojojojoseph]

genius analogy

[@thierrymartin1570]

Best Explanation i have seen on youtube

[@alihakimoglu3242]

Thanks, Professor, everything is clearly explained.

[@Jjarret]

I watch these 1.25 to 1.5x speed and it’s still so clear and legible 😂

[@MOMOKINZ]

Thank you, Thank you, so much for explaining this in a way that is clear.

[@lucasmills1246]

So would an example of TCP be like... I go to Steam and buy a game. So my PC makes a handshake with the Steam server after the purchase, then it sends the data over the TCP protocol to my system?

[@Darkassembley]

Is encapsulation strictly a protocol based procedure?

[@Sorrywerefull]

So when a client PC generates its own port number so that a server can respond to it, is that client's randomly generated logical port generated with the type of communication in mind? For example, if the server has to send back HTTP information, will the client's randomly generated port generate itself with the same settings as the non-ephemeral port 80?

[@professormesser]

The source random port number is really random. There's no correlation with the type of traffic or destination port number.

[@kinglearisdead]

Why do clients use ephemeral port numbers for the return traffic?

[@professormesser]

The return traffic is simply reversing the inbound traffic. The data was sent over an ephemeral port number, so the reply will be received over the same port number.

[@kinglearisdead]

@@professormesser Thank you very much. So the client would use an ephemeral port instead of tcp/80, because it is not hosting an http service?

[@professormesser]

Correct!

[@strahdvonzarovich290]

So, there's no chance for a data "traffic jam" in a way, because ports are universal, right? I probably went too far thinking about these road analogies...

[@thewhitest]

A year ago wer were here… and today we are still watching

[@55Ignis]

So UDP is one way transmission? TCP has 2 way in a sense(acknowledgement path).

[@professormesser]

The UDP traffic flow between station A and station B is in one direction. Of course, station B can send UDP traffic back to station A, but that UDP traffic flow is a completely different session than the other.

[@InsidiousSaint91]

I thought VoIP standard port is UDP 5060?

[@professormesser]

There are many different protocols used in a single VoIP call. To which protocol are you referring?

[@InsidiousSaint91]

@@professormesser I was just referring to VoIP. I was led to believe udp 5060 was the 'well known' port that was used like DNS using udp 53 for example.

[@professormesser]

The problem is that "VoIP" isn't a protocol, so you can't associate it with a specific port number.

[@InsidiousSaint91]

@@professormesser Oh yes you're absolutely right. I believe the correct protocol I was referring to would be SIP. I guess the word 'protocol' in VoIP threw me off haha. Is it important to know the many different protocols used in VoIP for the exam?

[@mehmedtiro412]

"non-ephemeral" - Why couldn't they just call it permanent? 😂

[@frncscbñz]

✅