What Causes IQ Differences? (Intro Psych Tutorial

[@robotron17]

You are a good presenter. Thanks for the video!!

[@PsychExamReview]

You're welcome!

[@Juliapak]

I wonder if the environment can affect genes over a few generations? Or might this be attributed to marrying others with slightly better genes...

[@keithrezendes6913]

Amazing info. Just found today. Subscribed

[@PsychExamReview]

Welcome, hope you enjoy more of the videos!

[@limitlesswinning984]

Good presentation Twins share 50 to 100% genes apparently and make up only less than 4% of N. America, so this rather a phenomenon , than rule of thumb. I read the concept that genes supports the height metric of IQ and the malleability through environment trains us to jump.

[@juliaunger7179]

Does the environmental impact on intelligence go up for kids with learning difficulties or for those with low IQ scores? For instance I have learning difficulties, but my parents realized this very early on in life. They got me lots of tutors to help me develop skills that were very hard for me at the time but are now easy. If I had grown up in a household without that kind of support (no tutors, speech language pathologists, extra support in school), would I end up with the same score I have now or does that early intervention help?

[@PsychExamReview]

I think these kinds of support could certainly boost crystallized intelligence and perhaps fluid intelligence, though that is more difficult to assess. It seems reasonable that these kinds of environmental influences have a positive effect on fluid IQ but it's hard to say exactly how much because it's difficult to standardize and control the effectiveness of these kinds of interventions across large numbers of children in order to study them and it's hard to separate them from other variables (the same is true for determining the exact effect of school on IQ). I think it's also important to remember that even if these interventions didn't have a major influence on fluid IQ, the skills learned are the important achievement. As I mention in my video on IQ improvement, I think there can be too much focus on the goal of boosting IQ rather than the goal of developing skills. If a particular skill or project outcome is the goal and one's IQ is in the average range, then IQ is mostly relevant for how quickly one will progress. Developing a skill or completing a project may take longer and be more difficult compared to someone with an exceptionally high IQ, but if speed isn't the goal and one enjoys the process then that isn't particularly relevant.

[@juliaunger7179]

@@PsychExamReview That makes sense, thank you!!

[@anonymousanimal1534]

Look up the IQ fadeout effect

[@ultimatechojian1159]

My question is, how is heritability measured? For instance i go through some form of neuro homeostatic plasticity, where it effects my iq poorly, would you say that my children's deviations from my iq would be an accurate standard? Or a different example would be, assuming education increases iq, but my father never had any education, and my son got a good education. Lets say that theres a condition that, 80 percent hereitance is indefinite at a biological level, with 40 percent variances. If I hypothetically completely maximized the 40 percent increase in iq from my father, and my son does exactly the same thing, would the childs iq be 40 percent increase from mine or would it be from my father, since my iq would be influenced my externalities?

[@PsychExamReview]

Heritability is estimated, mostly using family and twin studies in which levels of shared genes can be taken into account and then compared to others. An important point is that heritability is an estimate, and it's an estimate that can only be applied to populations, not to individuals. So even if heritability is 0.8 for some trait, this doesn't mean that we can think of genes as being 80% responsible for an individual's score or trait assessment. This is because the heritability score is telling us about how much of the differences between people can be explained by genes, not how much genes account for any particular individual's trait or ability. So the heritability score tells us how much genes matter in general in the population for a trait, but it can't tell us about an individual, since we don't know the specific genes involved and we don't know how the environment will influence the expression of those genes. Hope this helps!

[@ultimatechojian1159]

@@PsychExamReview oooh.. yea, that definitely cleared up few things. Thank you for answering.

[@PsychExamReview]

@@ultimatechojian1159 No problem, glad to help!

[@deanlawrence871]

You talked about extreme negative environment (compared to average) and it’s relationship to iq. How about extreme positive? Ie. A greater than average amount of time spent in ways that could lead to higher iq scores. Would this create a bigger difference even when dealing with the same set of genes? Great vids btw

[@PsychExamReview]

Great question. Environment can influence IQ in a positive direction but it's much harder to identify how. With injury or infection it can be clear what caused a drop but factors like nutrition or education are very broad. We know that they raise IQ but it's hard to figure out exactly how or which types are best because the change occurs slowly over a long period of time. So we can see general effects comparing groups of people (like schooling increasing IQ) but struggle to identify the specific effects on individuals. For more on environment and IQ you might like my video on the Flynn Effect: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fn-Tl3Vjl76qfbM

[@deanlawrence871]

Thanks a lot for the reply!

[@nouranoura9347]

Hello thank u for these amazing lectures my psycho exam tm i cant find the video with herdibility concept can u tell me where i find it ??

[@PsychExamReview]

You're welcome! You can find the video explaining heritability here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rZykeGelq8agpdE

[@nouranoura9347]

PsychExamReview thank u so much I am really happy I found your channel and u are so helpful certainly I will recommend u to my friends ❤️

[@PsychExamReview]

@@nouranoura9347 I'm glad you found it too, thanks for commenting!

[@cleopatrajones90]

you know what, i looked at the American vocab test and I got 32/35 points, I have been living abroad for 3 yrs, maybe my variation is not so broad

[@deanlawrence871]

Is it possible to put an upper limit on the affects of environment? So from your videos it seems by adulthood environment plays a 20% role in it. I’m wondering how much that potentially go up. I understand what you’re saying though, much harder to measure than negative instances.

[@PsychExamReview]

Heritability varies depending on the genetic similarity in the population and on age so it's hard to estimate an upper limit, but an estimate of environment accounting for about 50% of the variance in childhood IQ might be about right and seems to decrease from there.

[@cleopatrajones90]

the correlations ate absolutely not so high. they are more in the 0.6, 0.7 line

[@cleopatrajones90]

and BOTH tests were administered. i did not take them online, lol. its not a slight discrepancy.

[@thatwasprettyneat]

sweet vid

[@PsychExamReview]

Thanks!

[@cleopatrajones90]

What is the consensus on why i scored average on WAIS and 125 on APM?

[@PsychExamReview]

This is a question that gets at many of the complexities of studying intelligence. How exactly should we define and assess it? Different test types may yield slightly different results. What do these differences really mean? How reliable are the individual tests? Even taking the same test more than once may result in different scores and these differences in performance could result from a number of factors (the test itself, test-taker energy, motivation, stress, sleep deprivation, etc). For the specific tests you mention, the inclusion of tasks related to vocabulary and verbal intelligence (on the WAIS but not the APM) could be part of the explanation for score discrepancies.

[@cleopatrajones90]

with those scores my VIQ would be about 124

[@cleopatrajones90]

but the variation means they are not reliable at all! correlation of 0.7 is like 70 points

[@PsychExamReview]

The reliability for IQ tests is generally estimated to be around .8 to .9, which is quite high. While your two scores were fairly disparate, reliability would be calculated using thousands of scores and most test-takers would have much smaller gaps between their scores.

[@antrinh9919]

in poor regions of Africa and Asia, where food is scarce and hygiene very poor ... the environmental factor would be much more important than what the video suggests

[@gordontheman6151]

Not to be racist or anything. But maybe the "IQ Gene's" there are not very strong, mixed with a terrible environment. Different regions have different environments which effects genetic IQ selection. Now I sound like a Nazi scientist..

[@cleopatrajones90]

am i an anomaly?

[@hammockcamping2500]

Is the Wilson effect controversial? There are some quarters in which it is outrightly dismissed as racist BS

[@PsychExamReview]

I don't think that the Wilson Effect itself is particularly controversial and a number of studies have shown higher heritability scores for IQ over the lifespan. The controversy comes from the interpretation that if genes are more important than environment for explaining IQ differences between people in general, then genes may also be more important for explaining group differences in IQ.

[@hammockcamping2500]

@PsychExamReview I think I've got a pretty solid connection for how genetics for individuals leads to genetic differences for groups. I have two points below, which I believe make this argument: 1) The more closely related they are, the more folks have similar attributes (height, temperment, cognitive abilities, gestational duration, physical abilities, etc). It has long been established that children are going to be closer to the intelligence of their biological parents, siblings, and cousins than they are to the population at large (even when adopted). This is evidence of a genetic basis for cognitive ability in INDIVIDUALS. Additional evidence is seen in MZ twins raised separately. Their IQ testing produces scores that converge - especially towards adolescence and adulthood (Wilson Effect). 2) Assortive mating perpetuates group differentiation. I'm not going to look up the statistics on the following facts that I believe are reasonably self-evident: a) smart people are attracted to smart people. b) marriage unions struggle if the partners have a 2+ SD gap in cognitive ability, i.e., IQ of 70 paired with 100, or 115 with 80, or 135 paired with 95. c) Most mating is intraracial. As seen from point #1, there are differences that arise within individuals due to genetics. Those differences are perpetuated within their GROUP due to assortive mating. Which do you think is more likely? A) Tyrone and Jasmin, each with a 85 IQ, have an 85 IQ child (typically out of wedlock) while Jake and Molly, each with a 115 IQ, get MARRIED and have a 115 IQ child. or B) Jake (115) and Jasmin (85) get married, and Tyrone and Molly also get married. Each couple has a child with an intermediate IQ of 100.

[@wilfordmurray]

Bullshit! So, If you don't like the facts, just imagine that they don't exist.

[@annajones9701]

Shut up Muppet

[@fredcalledbygod]

@@annajones9701Lol