How AI Cracked the Protein Folding Code and Won a Nobel Prize

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@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

Read the related article at: www.quantamagazine.org/how-ai-revolutionized-protein-science-but-didnt-end-it-20240626/ Related Papers: - "Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold" www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2 - "De novo design of protein structure and function with RFdiffusion" www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06415-8 - "Generalized biomolecular modeling and design with RoseTTAFold All-Atom" www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl2528 - "Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3" www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07487-w ORRECTION: The protein shown at 01:07 labeled SEROTONIN is mislabeled, it is in fact "Crystal structure of serotonin 2A receptor in complex with serotonin" www.rcsb.org/structure/7WC4

@JesusPlsSaveMe 2 ай бұрын

Where are you going after you die? What happens next? Have you ever thought about that? Repent today and give your life to Jesus Christ to obtain eternal salvation. Tomorrow may be too late my brethen😢. Hebrews 9:27 says "And as it is appointed unto man once to die, but after that the judgement

@ai_marketing_secret 2 ай бұрын

link is broken

@TheBooker66 2 ай бұрын

I really appreacite the links and sources you give to your already awesome videos!

@Ghetto_Bird 2 ай бұрын

All links for related papers are broken.

@PeterP-dj2qi 2 ай бұрын

All links are broken

@sabofx 2 ай бұрын

Thank you Deepmind/Google for open sourcing (instead of privatizing) the resulting science 🥰

@chillinJohnny 2 ай бұрын

Well it was nice while it lasted. google who open sourced tensors, Android, alphafold, and much of the algorithms that enabled gpt in the first place, is likely to be torn into pieces for antitrust Obviously US courts won't touch Disney, apple's walled garden or the most obvious military/ pharm companies that corrupt their government, and instead of helping humanity to excel they cause suffering by creating stupid amounts of patents for exclusivity or bribing politicians to pay for wars

@JuanUys 2 ай бұрын

Next step: free health care for all. (One can hope.)

@tomaccino 2 ай бұрын

It's a shame. The world desperately needs a new billionaire to blow money on another yacht...

@oscar7557 2 ай бұрын

@@tomaccinowhy when governments blow trillions and bombs? Ask more of your government rather than asking for handouts.

@nightshadegatito 2 ай бұрын

What a distorted use of the word “privatize.” Public vs private refers to whether a service is funded by tax dollars or funded by a person’s own money.

@genomicmaths Ай бұрын

I am really sorry, but the Protein Folding Code (PFC) is not solved yet. To predict the 3D protein structure of a protein using machine learning algorithm does not uncover the PFC, which essentially is a biophysical/biochemical problem. To solve the PDF means to unveil the set of biophysical/biochemical rules that determine, given the aminoacid sequence, the 3D structure of the protein. That is, the title: "How AI Cracked the Protein Folding Code" is misleading. Nevertheless, the work predicting the 3D protein structure using machine learning is a meritorious work and worthy of a Nobel Prize, but please, do not mislead the public.

@therealSais Ай бұрын

What an underrated comment

@MaddyIndia Ай бұрын

Then how are they predicting the 3D structure of the proteins if the AI does not know the fundamental set of biophysical/biochemcial rules and interactions...in essense what did the AI acheive?

@eduardatonga7056 29 күн бұрын

@@MaddyIndia Following a pattern which AI is good at does not mean the AI knows how or why the pattern occurs.

@serhii.almazov 29 күн бұрын

Have you watched the video? They are saying exactly that.

@sturmbrecher88 21 күн бұрын

@@eduardatonga7056Following the pattern of R group side chains which interact with each other via van der Waals force at different points of the amino acid chain leads to the formation of a stable 3D structure.

@DeML22G 2 ай бұрын

I just can't get more surprised at the quality of these videos and the amount of quality information compressed here

@ScottStokes-y2d 22 күн бұрын

It’s a universe

@rapmurali 2 ай бұрын

Thanks Quanta Magazine for producing such quality and informative videos.

@panizzutti 2 ай бұрын

so good right

@nfuel99 Ай бұрын

Now i understand ehy microwave knocks out protien fold into something else that can cause cancer

@LincolnakaOnion 28 күн бұрын

I study Biochemistry and this video was boring, lol. But I think the material is presented quite well. I am not even talking about the visual side of things, uff.

@Joshiki_ 24 күн бұрын

@@LincolnakaOnionwhy was it boring to you?

@Mark_Williams. 2 ай бұрын

Disappointed that the Folding@Home project wasn't mentioned in the early part of the video.

@JesusPlsSaveMe 2 ай бұрын

@mattlopez487 2 ай бұрын

@@JesusPlsSaveMe Can you prove anything? If not I think you're in the wrong comment section

@asdfghyter 2 ай бұрын

@@JesusPlsSaveMe i'm sorry, but you've been scammed! those texts are nothing but fraudsters trying to trick people into believing their cult

@Aera223 2 ай бұрын

@@JesusPlsSaveMewhy not tailor the reply to the comment, like saying something like "God created life" ... vs less relevant comments

@clehaxze 2 ай бұрын

And Rosetta@Home

@oscarmvl 2 ай бұрын

What a great video! Great explanations, great questions to the experts, and great production overall!

@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

Thanks, we appreciate it!

@FriesOfTheDead 2 ай бұрын

1:06 Serotonin is not a protein, it's a neurotransmitter, probably 10000 times smaller than the protein you have representing serotonin, how do you get that so wrong?

@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

Good catch, the mislabeled protein depicted is in fact "Crystal structure of serotonin 2A receptor in complex with serotonin" www.rcsb.org/structure/7WC4

@brianbrandt25 Ай бұрын

I stopped at 1:10 to say this, almost word for word. Serotonin is nothing like a protein.

@GR8APE69 Ай бұрын

@@QuantaScienceChannel Oh, how fun! I love Serotonin 2A receptors - they make my psychedelics work 🤤👀

@zen8704 Ай бұрын

@@QuantaScienceChannel thanks for the clarification

@djp1234 2 ай бұрын

If you think about it, we are a bunch of proteins trying to learn how proteins work.

@1imag337 2 ай бұрын

@@Nick-mt4wk 2011 called, they want their 13 year old back

@itskittyme 2 ай бұрын

i'm not, i was born, not bunched

@djp1234 2 ай бұрын

@@itskittyme you're a pile of proteins

@milutzuk 2 ай бұрын

@@itskittyme well, if you ask your father...

@PDXBuys Ай бұрын

Or we are a bunch of atoms trying to learn how atoms interact.

@TheYgds Ай бұрын

After seeing and working with these tools since 2020, I remain flabbergasted. In undergrad, back in 2008, we were essentially told that until quantum computing was cracked the protein folding problem, much less the protein complex problem wouldn't be solved. While there are still outstanding questions and heights this technology could go on to tackle, it has gone far beyond what was even conceivable 10 years ago.

@AI-Life-123 2 ай бұрын

The quality of your content is amazing! You’re a natural when it comes to explaining things, and your channel is truly a go-to for anyone looking to lear

@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

We're glad you like it!

@jeffmorrison5834 2 ай бұрын

It still amazes me that quality content like this is free. Thanks!!!

@bsmlbn 2 ай бұрын

wait till you dive even deeper, it gets even more amazing 🙏 never stop learning!

@GR8APE69 Ай бұрын

@@bsmlbn Are you saying I should start a chemistry lab in my garage? Okay, fine! You've convinced me; I'll do it!

@Someguy10775 2 ай бұрын

Never clicked faster

@flambr 2 ай бұрын

that makes me slightly sad

@razyarh4389 2 ай бұрын

Bro I know 😂, just had a biochem test on proteins too lol

@rohitkapadi3221 2 ай бұрын

I thought it was just me 😂

@john38825 2 ай бұрын

I was here first

@JesusPlsSaveMe 2 ай бұрын

@@flambr *Revelation 3:20* Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me. HEY THERE 🤗 JESUS IS CALLING YOU TODAY. Turn away from your sins, confess, forsake them and live the victorious life. God bless. Revelation 22:12-14 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.

@sebastjenschoenaers8973 2 ай бұрын

Alphafold was a major breakthrough but it didn't by far solve the problem entirely. Disordered and flexible region in the proteins secondary structure are very difficult to resolve computationally, but they are often very important for protein function. There's still no way around that.

@b_dawg_17 2 ай бұрын

I’ve heard of this before, from a scientist friend of mine. Where might a good source of information on this be, for a biology beginner like myself? A google search of “disordered protein folding” is the best I’ve got so far.

@GR8APE69 Ай бұрын

Disordered and flexible regions in the proteins' secondary structure are very difficult to resolve computationally... 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘯𝘰𝘸. At the risk of being a bit reductionist, this all eventually falls back on being governed by the laws of physics. Since protein synthesis is empirical and repeatable in nature, it is, at its core, mathematical in nature. Since it's mathematical in nature, it can ultimately be resolved computationally with the help of computers and the right program - it's just a matter of time. We're simply not there yet, but that's okay! Rome wasn't built in a day.

@squamish4244 Ай бұрын

It's an important point but what can I say but life...ahhh...finds a way.

@invictusyou9166 2 ай бұрын

It was literally jaw-droppingly awesome Hatts off to you guys It's literally a sense of proud and accomplishment in me Making me more excited about all the incredible things coming ahead and I'll get to learn and search more on

@MirellaShea 27 күн бұрын

X and Qarden Token are going to be merged. Easiest money in my life

@deyvismejia7529 2 ай бұрын

AI did NOT solve protein folding 😬. While the prize was well deserved this is an overstatement. Proteins can have many different shapes and undefined shape as well. Most proteins used are vertebrate proteins. There needs to be experimental validation of predicted shapes. Not all proteins are easily crystallized

@GR8APE69 Ай бұрын

Shhh! We're making prions over here!

@raygreen2134 Ай бұрын

It kind of cracked the protein fold problem. How would you determine if the protein folded from its base amino structure accurate? You use an AI prediction with a high success rate. Any other method was subpar as mentioned in the video. Humans couldn't even approach the 90% accuracy because we don't understand the totality of how proteins fold. AI fills that gap so by then if we understand that later, we can totally know how amino acids and proteins fold with high confidence.

@TommyLikeTom 2 ай бұрын

One of these guys, Demis Hassabis, worked on several games from my childhood, including Theme Park and Black and white.

@threethrushes 2 ай бұрын

It's crazy to see how far he has come - from games to Nobel Prize!

@QuantumNarayan 2 ай бұрын

The most waited video. Also waiting for Physics, Medicine and economics. One of the best channels over the internet that puts real content and no species into it. Love from Nepal ❤

@artophile7777 Ай бұрын

This IS the physics one.

@DanhNguyen-gy7yk 2 ай бұрын

An absolutely wonderful video! Truly appreciated and respected!

@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

We're glad you enjoyed it!

@BarisMursel 27 күн бұрын

Qarden Token is easily going to hit $1 this month

@NandkumarKamatGoa 2 ай бұрын

Outstanding video for someone who taught bioinformatics and chemo informatics at Goa University and made post graduate students play a lot with Fold it game

@petrospaulos7736 2 ай бұрын

Folding@home project anyone?

@TeslaNick2 2 ай бұрын

Yep. Was going to comment the same.

@chinesesparrows 2 ай бұрын

Yeah led me into a smooth transition to early cryptomining

@ab8jeh 2 ай бұрын

Ah the good old days, running this on the University machines back in 2002 hoping for a breakthrough (pausing only for unreal tournament).

@dshepherd107 2 ай бұрын

Geesuz I hope not unless it’s computer model only

@mountainair 2 ай бұрын

Yeah how do you miss that

@nolikeygsomnipresence270 2 ай бұрын

Wow, this really is the best explanation I've ever seen about proteins, what they are, how they're formed and what's the big deal about them. Thank you

@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

We're happy you found it helpful!

@MarisolRickard 27 күн бұрын

With Elon and Trump now working with Qarden Token is going to absolutely blow up

@AbdielRuperto 22 күн бұрын

This a bot jajajajajaja

@ScottStokes-y2d 22 күн бұрын

@@AbdielRupertohow’s it feel

@AbdielRuperto 21 күн бұрын

@@ScottStokes-y2d what kinda question is that man? i swear people on youtube comment sections be saying anything without getting called out... what am i supposed to say? i feel bad its a bot? i feel like everyone on comment sections are now bots like you i assume?

@chillappe 2 ай бұрын

John Jumper is on another level. Used AI to do the interview.

@WaldoTheWombat 19 күн бұрын

What are the applications again?

@PhilomenaDuffy-z4v 27 күн бұрын

Qarden Token will go 100x after launch on Binance

@parakhmody1413 2 ай бұрын

@Quanta Magazine!! At 1:06, you’ve shown what looks like a serotonin receptor, NOT serotonin. Y’all need to check this with your editors!

@davidenkelaar1285 2 ай бұрын

Trivial

@pregenzer Ай бұрын

@@davidenkelaar1285 It's a labeling mistake, but that's a big credibility hit early in a video.

@brianbrandt25 Ай бұрын

@@davidenkelaar1285 Not at all trivial given the topic.

@Gersberms 2 ай бұрын

Great video, and thank you for the beautiful explanation of what proteins do and how they are formed.

@andrewv3905 2 ай бұрын

1:08 what is serotonin doing among the examples of proteins?

@JillC Ай бұрын

See the description. Correction: the protein shown at 1:07 labeled serotonin is mislabeled, it is in fact “Crystal structure of serotonin 2A receptor in complex with serotonin.”

@ShantanuVispute-d6q 2 ай бұрын

Timestamps (Powered by Merlin AI) 00:06 - AI solved a key part of the protein folding puzzle 02:52 - Understanding protein folding could lead to cures for diseases and new drug designs. 05:25 - Protein folding mystery solved by AI 08:04 - CASP challenge revolutionized protein structure prediction 10:35 - AI breakthrough in solving protein folding 13:03 - AlphaFold 2 revolutionizes protein folding with evolutionary insights 15:41 - AlphaFold 2 revolutionized protein folding with innovative algorithm and dataset 18:07 - AI-driven process for designing and creating new proteins 20:27 - AI algorithms predicting complex molecular interactions in biology

@pritranjanjha 12 күн бұрын

Great work, you have solved many mysteries of the protien world. The biggest mystery is the Prion !

@rodolfovieyra5122 2 ай бұрын

I like that even after receiving their nobel prize they understand that the assignment is still incomplete! It’s important to teach students of their discoveries to expand more people’s interest. Imagine if they figure out how to create a synthetic white blood cell made from custom proteins to target specific cancer cells. Solving the networking between proteins and chemical interactions is going to be tuff. Like how do these proteins function and operate so well?

@GR8APE69 Ай бұрын

The only issue I can personally see posing an immediate concern with these sorts of things are the possibility of autoimmune reactions. That said, I'd be interested to how these discoveries in protein structure and protein synthesis could be incorporated into gene therapies for treating chronic (autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, Type 1 diabetes, etc.) and acute (infections, particularly the ones more difficult to treat, such as prions, broad spectrum resistant bacteria, and highly deadly or otherwise incurable viral infections). We could potentially design proteins that could stand in for absent or underproduced proteins such as insulin in the case of Type 1 diabetes or a myelin analog for reversing the effects of multiple sclerosis. We could create enzymes specifically engineered to attack and destroy previously untreatable infections, both chronic and acute. This could present a potential cure to prion infections and rabies infections past the point of vaccine treatment. This could present us with a entirely different non-antibiotic method of treating bacterial infections, especially resistant bacterial pathogens such as MRSA. It may even be able to treat things like herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and HIV. I've often wondered if we could treat these by fighting fire with fire - if we could engineer a retrovirus that inserts it's DNA in the middle of the section of DNA that encodes the HIV proteins, we could corrupt HIV protein synthesis and end up with completely inactive proteins being produced instead; or it could even insert sections of DNA that work as gene silencer regions and simply shut off RNA transcription for the HIV genes. This turned into a bit of a rant, but this field of science is SO fascinating and in such an exciting period! Biotechnology feels like it's in its golden age, starting with the invention of PCR and carrying on through today!

@GR8APE69 Ай бұрын

"Imagine if they figure out how to create a synthetic white blood cell made from custom proteins to target specific cancer cells." If you're interested in that topic you should totally check out Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). The basic idea is that we can biopsy cancerous cells from a patient, introduce them to a rhesus monkey, eliciting an immune response and the production of antibodies specific to the patient's cancer cells, then thank the rhesus monkey for its sacrifice as we put him into the nitrogen sleepy time chamber, disect its spleen, single out a target cell and propagate it with cell tissue culture until we have a massive amount of them, lyse them, purify out the antibodies, then conjugate them with the specific chemotherapy drug the patient needs. Then that patient could be given that antibody-drug conjugate and because the chemo drug is bound to an antibody that will specifically target the patient's cancerous cells and nothing else, that patient can be given doses of chemotherapy MUCH LARGER than what they would be able to receive through conventional chemotherapy. Since the chemo meds would only be delivered to the cancerous cells, the dose can be cranked up to 11 without exposing the patient to the side effects or risks of toxicity typically associated with a dose that large. Treatment would be both more effective and efficacious, as well as being far more safe and carrying a much lower propensity for causing the horrible side effects associated with chemotherapy. Imagine if we could make chemotherapy even 50% more effective while also eliminating the typical side effects such as hair loss, nausea, and damage to non-target tissues. Different types of ADCs are already in development, and though they are a new form of therapy, they appear quite promising as a treatment modality.

@austinhaider105 Ай бұрын

What is not discussed is the roughly 30% of proteins that are intrinsically disordered. Alpha fold 2,3,4 whatever cannot determine the structure of these proteins (even to the point where alpha fold's confidence metric is considered a relevant measure of protein disorder). So when you hear people say "they solved the protein folding problem" you should always counter with "they actually only solved 70% or less of the protein folding problem." 😁

@panizzutti 2 ай бұрын

For a wanna be researcher in Deep Learning and comp neurosciences these videos are the best! You explain everything so perfectly

@manmathnarwane Ай бұрын

This was a great explanation and easy to understand! Thanks for sharing!!

@Science_kingdom-Anjali 26 күн бұрын

Thankyou deepmind/google for open sourcing (instead of privatizing) the resulting science

@charlesmiller000 2 ай бұрын

Outstanding Program !!! Thank you so much !

@LinkAranGalacticHero 17 күн бұрын

I still have one question though. From my biology knowledge, protein folding is also affected by supporting molecules (thinking about chaperons) or is anyway heavily environment dependent, which can vary at different points of the cell. How is this factored into the algorithm? What about chaperons, specifically?

@patrickhendron6002 24 күн бұрын

10:15 here is the interesting part because the actual general computational solution should be so simple you can do it by hand that's my hypothesis anyway.

@martineastburn3679 2 ай бұрын

The X-Ray crystal was a large project in our labs at the University now called Texas A&M University Commerce aka TAMU-C. At the time, it was East Texas State University in Commerce, and I was a Physics Junior and Senior. A PHD from Scottland (my notebooks would get his name) was the main driver but as I was a Senior he moved to a Neutron Gun in the same lab. Both were scary as our H shaped x-ray generator was tricky as best.

@carmelwolf129 2 ай бұрын

this is incredible!! good job to those guys and thank you for making the video and sharing the knowledge!

@naman.sharma1 2 ай бұрын

Thank you for uploading it at a right time I need it for my presentation.

@b_dawg_17 2 ай бұрын

Remember to cite your sources! 😉

@rumualdosherasazz9489 2 ай бұрын

Congratz on a up to date good quality video

@lodgechant 2 ай бұрын

Brilliant documentary! Thank you!

@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

Glad you liked it!

@chaorrottai Ай бұрын

The core issue of the protein folding problem comes from a fundemental misonception of what is happenening at the atomic scale. One you apply the structured atomic model to this, it all makes much more sense. In the structured atomic model, a neturon is a electron-proton pair held together with 1 neutrino's worth of potential energy. Convenitently lone neutrons degrade into hydrogen-1 atoms and release a neturino in the process, so score one for S.A.M. But the concequence of S.A.M. is that atomic cores have defined shapes and structures and fields, using S.A.M. you can actually model the wave-function of Atoms with high accuracy because by modelling the atomic core, you model the electric field of the atomic core and that determines where the electrons will want to orbit. Once you know what the orbitals look like, you can use the orbitals to predict how atoms are going to want to jig-saw together with their atomic bonds.

@LouellaPride 27 күн бұрын

Qarden Token has two of the largest Tesla shareholders already; most likely something is coming

@hasanmaharoof 27 күн бұрын

What is Qarden Token and what does it have to do with protein folding?

@roshanantony 25 күн бұрын

@@hasanmaharoof its a bot

@hasanmaharoof 25 күн бұрын

@@roshanantony thanks, so is that a scam or something

@roshanantony 25 күн бұрын

@@hasanmaharoof most probably

@tthtlc 21 күн бұрын

Their discoveries deserved multiple Nobel Prize really, and yes, I think a lot more people need to be thank for as well.

@isatousarr7044 Ай бұрын

AlphaFold’s success highlights the power of AI in solving complex biological problems, demonstrating how machine learning can be applied to areas traditionally dominated by human expertise. It has the potential to transform drug discovery, disease understanding, and biotechnology by allowing researchers to rapidly explore protein structures and their functions. The Nobel Prize recognizes this achievement as a monumental contribution to both artificial intelligence and the biological sciences, offering hope for advancements in personalized medicine and therapeutic treatments that can target protein misfolding and related diseases.

@ScottStokes-y2d 22 күн бұрын

How do we know if what we’re feeding into AI is real.

@EloisSpring 27 күн бұрын

Leaks coming out about Trump working together with shareholders involved with Qarden Token

@foundingtitan7 Ай бұрын

Thanks Quanta Magazine for such a valuable content,

@vrada-tv 2 ай бұрын

The channel explains AI and its real-life applications very clearly. I’ve learned several ways to optimize my work thanks to AI

@timwong580 15 күн бұрын

Wat about the environment in which the protein is in? Like the air, liquid, vibrations,etc.?

@matthiaseckert7344 Ай бұрын

Amazing visualization of a facinating and life changing topic.

@EsraBetul-q8r 27 күн бұрын

Highly likely there will be partnerships between X or Tesla with Qarden Token

@MarkvanRaaij 2 ай бұрын

Very informational video on an amazing breakthrough (which very deservedly won the Nobel Prize), but what was (largely) solved is not the protein folding problem, but rather the protein structure problem (and protein design problem), or the protein final fold problem. How proteins fold in different steps is still not known, apart from for a few specific proteins. And I would like to stress "largely", because there are still some proteins for which the fold can not be reliably predicted.

@theWACKIIRAQI 2 ай бұрын

Question please: do they need to answer the (how) question before they could produce novel medicines? And what COULD be done with what AF3 have achieved so far? In a best case scenario

@MarkvanRaaij 2 ай бұрын

@@theWACKIIRAQI Depends on whether you want to design the novel medicine against the final structure or against the folding pathway. The first can now be done and is being actively done by many people. Alphafold3 has made this process more efficient and we can expect new medicines to become available thanks to that during the next years and decades.

@theWACKIIRAQI 2 ай бұрын

@@MarkvanRaaij thanks. I searched around and just couldn’t find a distilled answer like this one. Isomorphic Labs don’t have any medical trials yet and these guys are the commercial spinoff of AF3 itself. Kind of disappointed. I read somewhere that this tech could make cancer a thing of the past because we could design a protein for each type, attach a “chemical bomb” to it and have it go latch into the cancer growth and destroy it. I guess it’s not that easy :)

@hai-duynguyen8429 2 ай бұрын

Brilliant work. Absolutely incredible.

@yyzhg6894 2 ай бұрын

i'm working in the structual bioinformatics field and I still leart a lot from your vedio, thank you!

@maxheadrom3088 2 ай бұрын

This is really great! Nice video! Well deserved Nobel Prize!

@randytchouassi113 Ай бұрын

Am a 2nd year med student in africa and really medicine is too advanced and diverse out there i will one day a have the chance to learn such technologies, woooah am amazed

@aureliusfeynman485 Ай бұрын

Very good science communication! I can only dream and be amazed at what this new breakthrough will bring to humanity. Truly deserving of a Nobel Prize ❤

@jeroenstrompf5064 2 ай бұрын

Thank you for this really nice documentary!

@DCaseyTucker 2 ай бұрын

Headline: He solved it! Actual guy: I wouldn't call these problems solved 21:17

@GR8APE69 Ай бұрын

Such is the folly of science journalism. They constantly mischaracterize research articles, claim conclusions and supposed breakthroughs or revolutions that the research articles never claim to have made or have evidence to support, and generally just get things wrong and sensationalize otherwise standard research for the sake of clickbating visits to their website. It's really scummy, honestly, and plays a non-insignificant role in society's glaring problem of scientific illiteracy.

@mutabazimichael8404 2 ай бұрын

This is incredible, eager to see the application to medecine

@NikHem343 2 ай бұрын

Awesome video. As a layman I had to laugh during the explanation of how Alphafold works. It was like 1. Draw a circle 2. Draw the rest of the owl

@bluesmanshoes 2 ай бұрын

9:11 John Moult not having a PyMOL license and clicking "Still Evaluating" made me giggle

@aalokshah6207 2 ай бұрын

can we get access to those structures of protein as open source for educational purpose

@QuantaScienceChannel 2 ай бұрын

Yes, you can access them for free at the Protein Data Bank www.rcsb.org/

@abhishekadile1270 2 ай бұрын

So this Nobel prize is culmination of work starting from 1950 when that first database was developed.

@nowtronix8996 2 ай бұрын

Nearly all nobel prizes are a culmination of work ... we all stand on the shoulder of giants.

@abhishekadile1270 2 ай бұрын

@@nowtronix8996 couldn’t have said it better

@_Nothing_To_See_Here_ 2 ай бұрын

A cash register at McDonalds is a culmination of work starting from 1950 when that first database was developed. Did you have a point?

@abhishekadile1270 2 ай бұрын

@@_Nothing_To_See_Here_ not that database, I am talking about the scientists who started the the database for protein structure and made it available for everyone

@K_Navamani 2 ай бұрын

Without natural intelligent, there is no artificial intelligent...

@adamSmith_1723 Ай бұрын

What I don't understand is why can't we just perform a physics simulation using the equations of quantum mechanics and then go from there to stimulate brownian motion until it folds correctly. I am an intro biology student getting a minor in Computer science so theres like a billion things i am probably not even aware of, is it because we don't have the physics yet or is it because the simulation needs to take too long ??

@brendan5389 22 күн бұрын

1:07 are they suggesting that this protein is serotonin?

@goldentrout4811 2 ай бұрын

its so cool there are brilliant minds out there pushing our frontiers

@jeremyvuillermet3828 Ай бұрын

I assume a lot of different shapes could bind to a molecule - if it indeed bound on on side like in the graphic. How to decide which one is better then?

@lunkel8108 Ай бұрын

The graphic shown in the video is of course a simplification. It's not just about the silhouettes of the protein and the target fitting together, the chemical properties at each point of the interface have to fit together as well. As to whether they are bound side on side like in the graphic: protein-protein interactions indeed often occur through relatively large and smooth surfaces on their sides, but small molecules are generally bound in intricate pockets located deeper within the protein structure. But yes, in principle a lot of structures can interact in some capacity with a target, some more strongly and some less so. For generating structures to bind a given protein, the program was trained on examples of strong protein-protein complexes. The idea is that the model learns from these good examples and hopefully generates a structure that binds well rather than one that binds poorly. The only way to truly validate whether that has actually worked is to create the protein and check how strongly it binds its target in the lab through methods like surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence polarization, biolayer interferometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, etc.

@Hamsters831 Ай бұрын

its interesting how all these research into how to solve issues with misfolding proteins can cause issues but at the same time any cure that may arise from the research will unlikely be allowed to be marketed as it will eat into the profits of the pharmaceutical industry.

@siderongames5641 2 ай бұрын

0:45 glad I could note there is an MTG card right there

@nomad6174 2 ай бұрын

Speedway Fanatic from kaladesh? 😅

@itissrinivasan 2 ай бұрын

What a well written video !

@ahmedgaafar5369 4 күн бұрын

simply ...amazing...bravo people.

@faisalsheikh7846 2 ай бұрын

Thank you sooo much for this video❤

@kubluu 2 ай бұрын

AlphaFold solved sequence to structure. But what the researchers needed to create new proteins was structure to sequence. So how was that solved?

@ApparentlySomeon 2 ай бұрын

Excellent point. What I got from the video is they can use this to solve "so called" biological errors, for example, cancer. However, the cure of symptom is not neccessarily resolving the cause, and this will become the next deeper level of man's interference in mother natures evolutionary process. The same reason why Einstien warned about the use of e=mcc, we are too clever for our own goodness gracious me.

@b_dawg_17 2 ай бұрын

18:04 they explain an overview of that very process right here! Was that the info you were looking for?

@MannyEspinola-q4t 2 ай бұрын

Thank you for this video

@albrigo Ай бұрын

This is really a great progress for medicine, and hopefully it will bring us more solutions for healing diseases in less time and better targeting. Thank you Quanta for your excellent video explaining so well how it works!

@lepidoptera9337 Ай бұрын

It doesn't. The bottleneck of medical research are human clinical trials. This does nothing to remove that bottleneck.

@albrigo Ай бұрын

@@lepidoptera9337 I agree with you, but clinical trials (all 3 phases) are not the only bottlenecks, even after designing a perfect new drug you need to test primary toxicity in animal models. But a more rational drug design with less try and error time consuming experimental work will certainly globally reduce the whole drug development process.

@TechneMoira Ай бұрын

Just a thought: Have you thought about "translating" certain proteins into FPGA's (Field Programmable Arrays)? That would allow a much faster detection of certain molecules AND the possibility to dynamically refine the detector based on those FPGA's? Anyway, I'm not a molecular biologist, but it occurred to me my suggestion might be interesting from a pratical point of view

@lepidoptera9337 Ай бұрын

You are clearly also not an electrical engineer. You know nothing about FPGAs, either. :-)

@TechneMoira Ай бұрын

Normally I'd forego the "pleasure" of putting an arrogant know-it-all in his rightful place... But in your case I'll make an exception: I suggest you exercise your supposed super intellectual powers in front of a mirror and enjoy watching patting yourself on the shoulder :)

@lepidoptera9337 Ай бұрын

@@TechneMoira I didn't just exercise them in front of a mirror, I also did that in front of a physics PhD committee. Unlike you I have experience with very large FPGA based systems for data acquisition for high energy physics detectors like those at CERN and other high energy physics labs. I am also regularly putting them into industrial and now consumer products (even a retired physics PhD needs a hobby). ;-)

@algotrading_machinelearning 24 күн бұрын

What a video!!! It really inspires me to learn ai stuff

@MrVontar 2 ай бұрын

This pretty cool. I wonder how much the distribution changes for each state

@igorsawicki4905 2 ай бұрын

Next video should be an investigation into which conpany were given access to AlphaFold3 :p

@Dan-uf2vh 15 күн бұрын

To solve aging and take control of our human biology, this kind of technology is a critical step. Properly developed and scaled, it should be clear that this will provide understanding on how to control and shape or restructure everything happening in the body.

@panizzutti 2 ай бұрын

This hyped me so much, thank you

@b_dawg_17 2 ай бұрын

… they say in the most calm voice ever 😝 I do agree though! This is getting me excited about scientific breakthroughs again! I forgot how much I enjoy learning about these inspiring people and stories!

@stevengill1736 Ай бұрын

I wonder if anyone has looked into how common virulent misfolding is or could be, for instance are there other possible prions besides BSE, kuru, etc?

@lepidoptera9337 Ай бұрын

Yes, there are many such proteins.

@ErikS- 2 ай бұрын

Two observations: 1) the threshold for a science-based Nobel Prize requires increasingly more R&D budget 2) time between the finding and getting the Nobel Prize gets shorter and shorter

@EricRidesDirt 18 күн бұрын

This is what makes AI so special. No one needs AI to create funny emojis; we need AI for problems like this.

@CODYDavey-f2c 27 күн бұрын

Trump is expected to mention Qarden Token this week and the ICO is already almost sold out

@meetarthur9427 25 күн бұрын

proteins are so beautiful in their nature, amazed

@ForNika 2 ай бұрын

If it uses a lock and key mechanism then Quantum Biology of the vibration of atoms could also play a major role like the sense of smell which is half hearing the vibrastion of atoms. I saw quantum biology on Dr. Jim Alkhalili BBC documentary. I think the Bactria stage solves the quantum puzzle.