Beam Focusing, Steering and Spatial Compounding | Ultrasound Physics | Radiology Physics Course #16

[@abdovitamins6331]

By far, this is the best vedio I have ever seen explaining US focusing and steering, you made it ridiculously simple. Man, you are such a talanted person! Congratulations 🎉

[@radiologytutorials]

Thank you! That’s very kind of you. You have been a great supporter of the channel and I really appreciate all your kind words ☺️

[@user-qu4xm3pe4u]

Had to pause the video half way because DUDE..... you broke this down so freaking well and i have had a tutor to get ready for the SPI exam. NO has made it this simple for me to understand and now im blown away at how I didn't already understand this. Seriously, thank you!! Also ive never commented on anyones youtube video so that should tell you something. LOL

[@radiologytutorials]

You’ve made my day Kandace. What a lovely comment. Thank you 🙏🏻 best of luck with your studies ☺️

[@kadisia25]

I really like these videos. I think it is just important to note that we have really moved beyond the "focal zone'. Modern cardiac ultrasound machines like the GE E95 and Philips Epic, which use the phased array transducer, no longer have a focal zone. They magically focus along the length of the beam. Philips has left the focal zone indicatory on the Epic because sonographers couldn't accept that there isn't a focal zone; however, this marker indicates where the gains have been optimised.

[@mahoor9075]

Hi michael I should say your teaching method is one of the best and I like it, Your videos help me for better understanding of ultrasound physics...please cover more subjects such as instruments and else.. Anyway, I should thank you for your brilliant radiology tutorial series and good jobs🙂

[@radiologytutorials]

Thank you! I really appreciate you taking the time to write such a lovely comment.

[@nasimolojoseph6627]

Thank you very much sir, I have loved your excellency in presentation, diligence in the flow of your lectures and much more your clear, accurate and confident, i wish I get the tissue and organ scan lectures you have presented, thank you.

[@radiologytutorials]

You are most welcome - thank you for such a lovely comment!

[@ninabarro9515]

Omg! What a best way to explain! Thank you so much!

[@radiologytutorials]

You're very welcome! Thank you

[@mirzawaqas9563]

So does that mean increasing the frequency and diameter will increase the focal zone and the beam width and decrease in lateral resolution and by phased array we can decrease the focal zone hence decrease the beam width and better lateral resolution?

[@user-eo9lz8oq5i]

Hi Thanks for the informative content I have three questions, I will appreciate if you let me know your answer 1. In an array, why simultaneous firing of elements yields to a focus too? Is it related to the destructive and the constructive interference among rays from different PZT elements? 2. Do we change the NF-FF border by electronic focusing?? If yes, the NF-FF border will not be related to the frequency or PZT size anymore! 3. In the process of calculating the delays in the electronic focusing method, do we consider the 'natural focusing' (what I mean by 'natural focusing' is the the focus existing when firing the elements of an array simultaneously)? Best regards

[@radiologytutorials]

Hi great questions! 1. Yes. Even in a single element transducer the beam will converge before diverging. This is because in a wave, each point in that wave can be thought of as a point source/wavelet. This is called Huygen's principle. You're right in saying it is the constructive and destructive interference patterns of these wavelets that cause the beam to exhibit it's characteristic shape. 2. Yes. The NF-FF is changed by focusing. The formulas we are using here are for unfocused beams. The focal point is still related to frequency and transducer size but now has the added variable of focusing. 3. Yes. The natural shape of the beam is taken into account. Excellent questions. Hope the answers helped. Michael

[@robertrobinson1454]

I was pleasantly suprised you have ultrasonics on your channel, can we expect eddy current videos soon? Fingers crossed 🤞🏿

[@radiologytutorials]

Hope they help. Plan is to finish the ultrasound module (2 weeks) then move on to MRI CT and nuclear med

[@fantasykidz86t]

when focusing, why when we delay the firing of the inner most arrays result in shorter focal length? does it have any relation with constructive wave? and the steering also a bit more confusing. hope you can explain a bit. Tq

[@radiologytutorials]

Exactly. If two waves are fired with a slight delay the waves will constructively interfere and steer/focus towards the second (later) wave.

[@fantasykidz86t]

@@radiologytutorials Ok, thanks for the confirmation.

[@ranonepal6851]

Wonderful ,thank you

[@dnsscratch]

Can i have your brain 🧠 for the spi ? I will return it after 😂.. I really love your contents.

[@radiologytutorials]

Haha, be careful what you wish for 😆 Hope the SPI goes well! Thank you for watching the videos!