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"Religion does not live in heaven, but on earth" (Marx). I would like to point out: it feeds on it like a plant that grows and feeds on it. I will show it with the help of Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche and Freud: they contradict the consciousness of itself, which constitutes it, through faith, as a supernatural phenomenon, and bring it back to an entirely human fact that is born of the conditions of earthly life. More precisely, it feeds on its deficiencies (frustrations, misfortune, vital weakness, infantilism) and compensates them in an imaginary universe that encloses man in these same deficiencies. That is what we must dare to denounce.
Reading advice: Yvon Quiniou, Critique of religion, La vielle brule, 2014
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Reading advice:
"The foundation of irreligious criticism is this: man makes religion, it is not religion that makes man. Religion is in reality the consciousness and the proper feeling of man who has either not yet found himself or has already lost himself. But man is not an abstract being, outside the real world. Man is the world of man, the state, society. This state, this society produce religion, a false consciousness of the world, because they themselves constitute a false world. Religion is the general theory of this world, its encyclopedic compendium, its logic in a popular form, its spiritualist point of honour, its enthusiasm, its moral sanction, its solemn complement, its general reason for consolation and justification. It is the fantastic realization of the human essence, because the human essence has no true reality. The struggle against religion is therefore by ricochet the struggle against this world, of which religion is the spiritual flavor.
Religious misery is, on the one hand, the expression of real misery, and, on the other hand, protest against real misery. Religion is the sigh of the creature overwhelmed by misfortune, the soul of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of an age without a spirit. It is the opium of the people.
The true happiness of the people requires that religion be suppressed as the illusory happiness of the people. To demand that illusions about our own situation be renounced is to demand that a situation that needs illusions be renounced. The criticism of religion is therefore, in germ, the criticism of this valley of tears, of which religion is the halo.
Critics have stripped the imaginary flowers that covered the chain, not to make man wear the prosaic and sad chain, but to shake the chain and pick the living flower. Criticism of religion disillusion man, so that he thinks, acts, shapes his reality as a disillusioned, reasonable man, so that he moves around himself and consequently around his true sun. Religion is only the illusory sun that moves around man, as long as he does not move around himself.
History therefore has the mission, once the future life of truth has vanished, to establish the truth of the present life. And the first task of philosophy, which is at the service of history, consists, once the holy image that represented man's renunciation of himself has been unmasked, in unmasking this renunciation in its profane forms. Criticism of heaven is thus transformed into criticism of the earth, criticism of religion into criticism of the law, criticism of theology into criticism of politics."
Karl Marx, Contribution to the critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law, trad. Jules Molitor, Allia, 1998.