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The precise origin of "Men of Harlech" is uncertain. It either details the fall of Harlech Castle to Henry V in 1408-9 during Owain Glyndŵr’s rebellion or the later siege between 1461 and 1468 during the Wars of the Roses in which Welsh Lancastrians held out against Yorkist attackers. Either way, the song’s original significance was to honour Welsh resistance in the face of outside invaders. The music was first published by the King's Harpist Edward Jones in his 1794 book "Musical And Poetical Relicks Of The Welsh Bards". Various lyrics have been attributed and augmented to the song over the years, the most notable example is the one sung in the 1964 film Zulu. The origins of this particular Welsh arrangement are uncertain too. However, some sources suggest that it was arranged by Welsh poet and folk song collector John Ceiriog Hughes in 1890.
Performed by Rachel Ann Morgan, Geraint Roberts, 2001.