The Fabrication of Integrated Circuits

[@davidmaiolo]

Whats most amazing about this video is that it is from 1996. If you think this looks impressive, think of the cell phones from 96 vs now. Yup, that's how much more impressive this process is today. Simply mind blowing what we have accomplished as humans.

[@GoonCity777]

I wish i could take the credit

[@KevinHallSurfing]

Considering I started with DTL the TTL back in the early seventies was amazed when VLSI and CMOS came out, then the 8086/8088 then was all over bar the shouting when 80286 16 bit microprocessors were introduced. Plug and Play was the future and ... I became obsolete overnight as no-one hires an engineer to fix a PC anymore 😆

[@wopmf4345FxFDxdGaa20]

The process still is mainly the same today. They are using shorter wavelength, etc. but the principle is exactly the same.

[@eugenebebs7767]

It's amazing that stuff like this is now a consumer commodity.

[@Wryvern200]

There's only one thing I know for certain. This stuff is done incredibly accurately.

[@alberoDiSpazio]

I'm just as impressed with the robotic machines as I am with IC themselves.

[@Richdadful]

This video is very informative. I didn't thought that making Integrated Chips would so difficult. Microscopic layers are being created and mass production of these things are done. The technology used is really sophisticated.

[@yashsadhu09]

azxcvgbhjkl;

[@hellacatsFB]

Western civilization is so incredible. This is such a special time to be alive.

[@iagasuon596]

Many people from around the world have contributed to the development of Microchip technology, not just Westerners. For example; -In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean engineer Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs fabricated the first MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) with a gate oxide thickness of 100 nm, along with a gate length of 20 µm. -In 1987, Iranian engineer Bijan Davari led an IBM research team that demonstrated the first MOSFET with a 10 nm gate oxide thickness, using tungsten-gate technology. -In 2005, Indian physicists Prabhakar Bandaru and Apparao M. Rao at UC San Diego developed the world's smallest transistor based to be made entirely from carbon nanotubes.

[@ChiBearsFan-op8di]

@@iagasuon596 I take your point, but all of those advancements you listed were cultivated in the West at Western institutions and corporations. I don't think OP meant that only ethnically "Western" people (whites, people of European ancestry, etc.) have contributed to scientific advancements. Clearly, this is not true. Rather, I think OP meant that Western society and its ideals has enabled this amazing scientific progress. The fact that people of any national origin and background can come to the West to thrive and innovate is a testament to our culture and society, and truly something worth celebrating.

[@TonyMon16]

Oh IC now.

[@Ado_____]

Totally underrated comment

[@hihomiedude.]

Sometime in the 80's @ 2:20 in the video "First of all, we create a new layer of silicon on the slice 1/100th of millimeter thick" 2019: TSMC is currently producing 7 NANOMETER MOSFET technology...

[@submissions72]

That's nothing new we have been doing 7nm for the last 10 years

[@alalala132whyisthishandletaken]

7nm is industry bullshit lol. nothing inside the MOSFET is 7nm in length. Intel 7nm =/= AMD 7nm =/= Qualcomm 7nm.

[@nataliebongiorni8760]

I was impressed with the teaching now it is time to make one!

[@techmaster90]

wow they actually show a diagram that sort of resembles the inside of the IC Chips. Hard to find.

[@ve2um]

In case of FLASH ROM's EPROMS and dynamic RAM's, yes.In case of static RAMS, several transistors are required for each bit.

[@ve2um]

The main advantage of IC's is that they can contain millions and even billions of transistors each. For example, a simple 4GB USB flash drive contain an IC containing over 32 000 000 000 transistors. Mounting those transistors individually on a PCB become an impossible task. The PCB is an insulating fiberglass card having conductive copper traces etched on it. These traces link together different components including IC's.

[@yashsadhu09]

are you kiddin!!!

[@pjn2001]

But where do the chips in the robots used to make the chips come from?

[@NetWanderer101]

Good educational video. Very useful for my students.

[@韩凯-c7r]

来自中国浙江大学的微电子学生也看了这个视频，言简意赅，美国的微电子就是强。 From Zhejiang University, China.

[@yuvaraniselvarajan9532]

it would be nice if the video while giving explanation of fabrication also included the role of each element that is used, otherwise really gud.. :)

[@dar0971]

Yuvarani Selvarajan Look into the different kinds of Mosfets and that will help

[@QueTalCaramba]

Great video!!! took a class on it... good learning

[@l2afa]

Excelent video, very well explained.

[@johneygd]

Mind blowing. I suppose those wafers getting cut into small parts to create many smaller chips of it.

[@boogerking7411]

2:59 how did that red stuff get through that blue oxidized layer?

[@l2afa]

booger king Remember there is a silicon layer that allows atom penetration, the blue layer just protects it from external intrusion other than the process requires.

[@pawankpx]

Thank you for this information .

[@mrflamewars]

I've never found an answer to this but every time I see this process explained and they talk about chips which fail testing and are not used I wonder if they are discarded, or recycled somehow, or what becomes of them. I would love love love to have one of them embedded into a block of clear resin and used as a frickin' awesome paperweight or keychain or something.

[@rationalraven8956]

You could always buy an old chip on eBay for a few dollars, I often see CPUs with damaged pins being sold for as little as $1, then just remove the heat spreader and use the chip for whatever you like.

[@SYNWorld-Life]

Very nice. Thank you

[@yayaskurt]

who discovered this way of doing this? and how did they started before having all those machines that were built up with the same chips this machines creates?

[@jacko4511]

Started with hand made large chips that could only do a few tasks and progressed each year.

[@m0st4fabeder]

Jack kilby introduced ICs in 1958 and then Robert Noyce the CEO of Fairchild semi-cinductor (Which is Intek now) inhanced it and made practical, before ICs computers used descrete components and this is actually the reason why they did start using ICs, because of a problem called "The tyranny of numbers" caused by descrete components.

[@woodman9083]

@@m0st4fabeder 💜

[@8LJ8]

"New Thinking" I recommend this book that will give you answer on this and similar questions

[@TathagataBiswas4u]

Excellent video. Thank You :)

[@neatt3815]

I like the music 🎶

[@sitizenkanemusic]

how do you get atoms to penetrate the silicone? and what kind of atoms do you use? they start talking about it at 2:54

[@NetWanderer101]

The energy of atoms is increased by electric field and shot into the silicon. This is called ion implantation. (Similar to shooting lead shots into a solid wall). The type of atoms depend on the type of material - n-type or p-type material you want to make. For making silicon n-type material, Phosphorus or Arsenic ions are used. For making silicon p-type, Boron ions are used. You need n-type and p-type materials to form a p-n junction like in a diode, transistor, etc.

[@Yuki_Ika7]

As that one guy from every mainline pokemon series says; "Technology is amazing!"

[@bluegem7780]

2:59 what is that red stuff get through that blue oxidized layer?

[@stephensu4371]

That is the doping substance

[@afourtrackmind]

An IC doesn't really need to be a network of transistors. It can be a finely tuned group of circuits that preform a task. opamps, reg's... The big diff with IC and PCB's is that they are complimentary as you cant really get everything you need to operate a circuit inside an IC so it needs a home to for those parts (yes, you could make all IC's discretely, but why?). Human interface and large capacitors need to be mounted and connected, and thats where the PCB comes in for modern electronics.

[@alek202]

A PCB is a container for the ICs. It would be difficult to interconnect ICs without a PCB - actually, people have done circuits without any PCB (see wire wrap on wikipedia). While each IC has a specific function, designers can interconnect multiple ICs and other components like resistors, capacitors and more using a PCB to design a product - like motherboards, mp3 players - without having to reinvent the IC every time.

[@mcbrianmiller1264]

Those gold hair size wire connections always trip me

[@junouyang8881]

i assume they building mosfet. but i only see metal layers connectedc with drain and source... how is the gate exposed?

[@stephensu4371]

Jun Ouyang well, if you go to 3:50, they did doping the gate terminal where the gate was only pure silicon before, by doping the got a silicon much easy to conduct, which is no longer necessary need a metal as connection

[@Knightfire66]

most fascinating is the saw mill... how could it cut out a chip part with diameter of a couple 100 nm. insane. do they still use a saw mill or laser today?

[@Potenti4lz]

Always wanted to know what the yellow lights were for! Thanks :D

[@NetWanderer101]

The photoresist (photo sensitive material) used for pattern transfer is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light and insensitive to yellow light. That is why they use yellow light in the photolithography room.

[@michaelturner522]

oh thanks for telling us, dumbass

[@michaelturner522]

Michael Turner yeah actually i needed to know about that, thanks

[@Genesixs]

Thank you very much for the video, but what is the name of the documentary? =]

[@chrisjohnn3450]

what's the best explanation why IC (Integrated Circuit) is in Square/rectangular shape, not circle?? Why they manufacture it on that shape?

[@BaronLemon]

For the same reason most boxes are square, because it's much easier to pack and organize things that are square in shape. Also, easier to cut.

[@woodman9083]

So that subatomic particles can be utilized properly from all sides.

[@xtremetom180]

i enjoyed this vid

[@aerohk]

Where was it filmed? TI? Intel? Northrop?

[@boogerking7411]

So, ICs are like PCBs? Where do I go if I want to have my own designed IC? Who manufactures them?

[@dontom7955]

Surkea video ei tätä jaksa kattoo. Kestää 10min ja tylsä aihe!!!! mee kotiis heräääääää

[@عبدالرحمنالجزائري-ب8ع]

العرض مفيد جدا .شكرا

[@kellyredds7292]

Hey how do i work in these kinds of labs. What do i need to study?

[@videos123444444444]

when i m going to see a video called "diy microchips at home" ;(...

[@EpicNo2918]

It's been done by Sam Zeloof kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqOodGWCfKyLpJI

[@mattheww9656]

videos123444444444 To answer your question - in 6 years.

[@whatamievendoing]

It totally has been done by more than one person kzbin.info/www/bejne/hpXGfKqFpJyXo68

[@Rodjeni1991]

One transistor for each bit?

[@sinopulence]

So if the machines require chips to work, and the chips require machines to be made.. what came first, the machinery or the ic?

[@alexanderbrown6077]

The vacuum tube

[@silverbird425]

True those are really old machines, but everything is sealed up now so you can't film the process.

[@Knightfire66]

theoretically this old video is still relevant. the only change is the light source and its diameter. right?

[@keoni29]

Are these the same IC's I buy for 30 cent each?

[@charadremur333]

Yes kind of

[@PedroOi]

could you please enable CC subtitles?

[@dadang6091]

THANK YOU !

[@ion6156]

plz answer the question.... Semiconductors are used to mack ?

[@walpal11]

Very interesting

[@onwul]

They way it looks suggests me, that getting yourself custom made IC is nearly impossible, or it will cost a little fortune...

[@CheapSushi]

"carefully package" proceeds to violently shake package and drop it down

[@tiennguyenvantt]

billions of transistors in a inch!!

[@Ronsentech]

@chopin999 not only one people did invent it. That all is invented by a huge community of high qualifed physicans and technicans about many many yaers and accidents.

[@bennemann]

Of course not. Processors cost around $200 a piece. A different video states each gram of microchip is valued at $17,000.

[@BigEvy]

Seems incredibly accurate

[@rinaldijames]

How did life get so complicated ? And who invented this stuff ?

[@yellowmegabot6812]

Alien technology, for sure.

[@nurajjanitha4665]

amazing

[@dorababuthanigadapa2101]

thanks

[@michaelturner522]

Dora Babu You're a fraud

[@vikiviki4051]

nice one

[@175griffin]

this process looks extremely expensive. how can 555n ic's go for 13 cents a piece?

[@Stikfigs]

as you can see, MILLIONS of chips can be made in one run of the machine.

[@wopmf4345FxFDxdGaa20]

It is a little bit same as with printing news paper. It is most expensive to set up the production, but once it's all set up started, it's not much more expensive to make more of them.

[@N0Cashva1ue]

think of how much just one of those silicon disks are worth...

[@Redone_Facts]

جميل ودقيييييق

[@Holden0021]

Ah... Still don't really know how they are made.

[@jagerlionruiz8639]

They are printed. Literally. They put layers of "mask" which are different like chemicals for example that make 1 coat of layer. Then you put another, and another, and another. Eventually building up the chip.

[@GenwinReview5m]

I dont know whom to thank the nature or our scientists 😥😥

[@Knightfire66]

thats a micrometer level construction site...

[@OneInchCobra]

ok I got it, the starting point is a flat, P-type single-crystal Si wafer, but why is P-Type called P and N-type is N ?

[@Unbrutal_Rawr]

No, the starting point is regular silicon. P-type is created by adding Si+1 valency impurities that draw electrons away from the silicon atoms creating valency holes ready to receive extra electrons and thus increasing conductivity. N-type is the opposite - adding Si-1 valency impurities results in free electrons and increased conductivity.

[@fatimakadhimsufermula_alia623]

The video needs high quality :(

[@Ronsentech]

such high difficult and comlpex procecces but nvidia issn't able to handle the flexing problem with simple solderballs

[@ABDULSAMADKA-g5d]

❤

[@qualitatserzeugnis]

@happygamestvfun1 the same answer for the next question: why house bricks are produced? well every person have differents needs and likes,,, just think how many DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS does the IC555 has over last 30 years of design?

[@MrMineHeads.]

The music is super weird. Just play some regular background music.

[@SarozShrestha]

good i understood

[@ayaatabualsaud7574]

لاااحووول مافهمنا شي هذا جزات الي يدرس كهربا

[@stylewest85]

reverse engineered ufo

[@alialzubaidy2591]

s it possible to add an Arabic translation?

[@pelemariusv]

Formidabil !

[@markwarren2115]

👍

[@imeakdo7]

This video is from 1996

[@pragadeeshsv6596]

Super

[@Waddeell40]

yes

[@hassan8976]

Great

[@biniyamdemissie8188]

NICE

[@venkatharish96]

The BGM is creepy

[@DARCIOSILVESTRESABBADIN]

cool

[@radharamantapriya9044]

super

[@dontom7955]

Mun pää räjähtää

[@michaelturner522]

*Will the real Dora Babu*

[@sgtpepperaut]

challenge accepted! only 31 999 999 948 to go...eh voila DIY flashdrive!

[@trentjackson4816]

Thing that confuses me is the cost. The numbers make no sense. Making a chip looks like THE most complicated thing on the planet to do. Even just a simple chip like the NE555 timer requires 300 process steps and much time to fabricate. Yet they can be had for like 3-cents each on eBay. This is proof that it is not all about the money. Life is not simply a matter of making money. Life is far more complex than just that of a number that equates to a sum of money if you are you are dead man.

[@nileshpatil2137]

Solar iqupment and manufacturing technology sends place

[@Thelighteducation]

Why no indian in this vedio

[@usmanbajalan8029]

as much as people joke around about the surplus of indians found in the technology studies, I compliment them for there contributions in teaching it

[@chinmayv.deshpande9885]

Will you appoint me in industry? I will bring 'new' Silicons by talking with sand.

[@bluesquare23]

fucking wizardry

[@KoltPenny]

Oh yeah? Well, I don't like to brag but I can light a bulb with a potato.

[@Ddome-93]

Come from 2021

[@SovietToaster]

Why the Hell am i here? I Too stupid For This