Roman Expeditions in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa was explored by Roman expeditions between 19 BCE - 90 CE, most likely in an effort to locate the sources of valuable trade goods and establish routes to bring them to the seaports on the coast of North Africa, thereby minimizing disruption in trade caused by conflicts among indigenous tribes and kingdoms.
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[@frankandstern8803]

Great presentation. Enjoyed this very much. It's nice to see someone covering the less travelled paths in Roman History.

[@markmorris7123]

I love your channel. I find myself trying to debate things I learn in your videos with my friends. But you'd be surprised by how little of history many people actually know.. My friends have never heard of Carthage and of hannibal crossing the Alps, they never heared of Scipios battle of Zama, they have never heard of the rich and colourful history of Kush, They know nothing of that era other than that Egypt was a powerful empire. I really hope that one day the Bronze age and what followed will one day be taught in schools because its all so interesting and helps us to understand our present cultures and religions with more clarity. Amazing presentation as usual.

[@kivloli8385]

m.kzbin.info/www/bejne/bHfOYnZ7bNdpm7c

[@ddcc66]

pin.it/7j2hGEn pin.it/1NE5y3d

[@markmorris7123]

@@ddcc66 looked at your Pinterest page. Really really interesting. It's a shame what happened to black history with all the whitewashing. I personally dont believe the early Greeks and Romans were black.. But the Hawians, original Egyptians, and maybe just maybe the South Americans from thousands of years ago. Have you seen what they've been finding in the Sahara. Turns out between six and tten thousand years ago it green with a river flowing through it. Heroditus mapped this river. Maybe his maps were more accurate than we gave him credit.

[@Prfdt3]

If the woke people would stop lying and causing confusion,there would be great discoveries made of true sub Saharan African history.

[@bnchangd7793]

Wow. Africa has been a source of supply for a loooooong time.

[@kivloli8385]

Damn first time you talk about africa during the antiquity i like.

[@AnatolyPotapov]

3:50 Carthage was founded by the Phoenicians in 814 BC, not circa 332.

[@jabronis33]

Yeah not sure how he got that year. By 332 they were an empire by then.

[@Zeyede_Seyum]

That's really old wow

[@stephenmichalski2643]

Utterly fascinating ! One never hears of this interaction.Now with the fairly recent discovery of multiple major and minor now dried river systems and possible ancient settlements.....due to satellite imaging.....beneath what is now desert.......we're gonna have to send Livingston out again. We've long known the northern desert was once green and lush......imagine what could lie there waiting to be discovered.Damn intriguing!!!!AWESOME VIDEO!!!SERIOUSLY ENLIGHTENING!!!!

[@drraoulmclaughlin7423]

Fascinating! I am giving my final Guest Lecture on Roman contacts with ancient Ireland - this evening at Galway University. Then I can turn my full attention to the Roman Empire and Sub-Saharan Africa….

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thanks for taking a look! I must say that I am jealous at not being able to be present for such an awesome lecture! I would give almost anything to have it filmed, haha (even if with just a cell phone!) I am really looking forward to our future projects!

[@fabbeyonddadancer]

Will you be recording

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Fabbeyond Jefe my thoughts exactly, haha!

[@franciscorodriguez2457]

Really? I didn't think the romans had contact with Ireland fascitaning. I picture the eomans all the way to Caledonia or Scotland incredible. I want to visit Roman Britain and the Hadrian wall. Emperor Hadrian was born in Spain where I am from. Hispania Iberia gave 3 emperors to the empire. Hail cesar

[@adeamujale]

There's no such thing as subSaharan Africa. There is however 'South of the Sahara' Africa. The communities 'South of the Sahara' aren't 'sub' to anyone or anything, and that includes the Sahara.

[@TheMrPeteChannel]

Sub means below.

[@elbeejackson4124]

Sub Saharan means Black, just sayin

[@hberecords3239]

@@elbeejackson4124 Even Herodotus said there is no such thing as sub-sahara. He made it clear that the native people of North Africa were Ethiopians. Ethiopian is a Greek word meaning 'burnt face'

[@elbeejackson4124]

Semantics. Once upon a time there was No difference. I guess that's my western education showing...

[@hberecords3239]

@@elbeejackson4124 No, that is your western ignorance showing. Spain was ruled by the Moors for 700yrs, they civilized and modernized Spain, does that make Spain sub- European? The desperation by Europe to whitewash every civilisation on Earth is telling.

[@greg5023]

The Romans organized expeditions to cross the Sahara along five different routes: through the western Sahara, toward the Niger river, near modern Timbuktu through the Tibesti mountains, toward Lake Chad and modern Nigeria up the Nile valley through Egypt, toward the Great Rift Valley along the western coast of Africa, toward the Sénégal River along the coast of the Red Sea, toward the Horn of Africa, and perhaps modern Zanzibar

[@senecanzallanute4066]

Thank you Greg. The routes make sense, but are there any sources to verify them? I would appreciate if you shared them.

[@greg5023]

@@senecanzallanute4066 Hi. I copied the text in the comment from wikipedia. That article includes sources in the footnotes " Romans in Sub-Saharan Africa" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romans_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa

[@mch7933]

@@greg5023 ignore that Tara jack troll

[@franciscorodriguez2457]

First time I hear about this fascinating. I know about a Roman legation going to China in the first century. Around Vietnam it was found Roman artifacts including coins from the first century. In the east African coast around Tanzania scientists found thru DNA testing that some people have European ancestry dating to ancient times. Amazing

[@franciscorodriguez2457]

How u know this

[@OSUex]

Where are the relevant maps? At 1:50 you mention the kingdom of Meroe but you give no map location nor do you mention that it is also known as the capital city of the Kingdom of Kush. Then you mention some important Roman trade centers on the African coast without mapping those for us either. Instead you show lots of Egyptian tomb paintings that barely relate to the topic. This script is well read by the narrator but it is not well assembled to make this video.

[@WodkaEclair]

Where do you get the claim at 3:53 that Carthage was founded ca. 312? We know of a Roman trade treaty with them in the 500s, and we know of wars between the Italian/Sicilian Greeks and Carthage in the 500s/400s, and carbon dating has shown the earliest punic settlement around 800, which matches the timeline of the myths.

[@zsoltkarpati4173]

This video is bullshit. .

[@Taharqo.saved.the.Hebrew]

It's not nice when people make up history right? Just like what white European historian's have done to the entire continent of Africa

[@hhvictor2462]

Romans sure love to travel.

[@akbarralston9714]

These dates are bogus !!!

[@brianmccarthy5557]

Some of the commenters are aware of it, but you should have stressed more strongly that in pre-Islamic days North Africa, the Sahara, and the Sahel were far better watered, had a milder climate and were more fertile than they are today. Desertification of the Saharan region started sometime after the end of the last ice age, though it had been a dry region for ages, and gradually increased. This was one of the reasons for the growth of Egypt, as the people who dwelt outside the Nile Valley moved to it as their own water sources ceased to be dependable. There are still spots in the center of the Sahara, or used to be in the 1960's, where there are still isolated ancient living trees, the last remnants of ancient forests and woodlands. The Romans probably found the region easier for large groups to traverse on foot, and with pack animals, than people find it today. So did the traders who transversed the area, who prompted Rome's interest there.

[@femibabs1310]

Great point

[@brianmccarthy5557]

Very selective coverage. What about the expeditions down the Red Sea? We know, from recent archaeological evidence, that the Romans had an outpost on islands off the coast of Yemen to control trade between Axxum (modern Eritrea/Ethiopia) and the kingdom in Yemen. Trade was ancient along this route, given the appearance of Memnon, an Ethiopian king commanding an band of warriors, in Homer at Troy (all the way up at the Black Sea!), the Queen of Sheba and her trade,with Solomon's kingdom (and possible intermarrige), the numerous Ethiopians in the Bible from the days of King David onward, and the apparent (by Ethiopian sources) establishment of Judaism in Ethiopian (and its later very early replacement by Christianity by the 3rd century). I believe Trajan sent an expedition down the Red Sea. Certainly trade up the Nile was common. Cush/Meroe was very well know to the Egyptians, having ruled most of Egypt at times. Moses' second wife was Cushite. Very early in the history of Christianity early missionaries, perhaps even a Apostle, journeyed up the Nile past Khartoum and reached Ethiopia by overland instead of the Red Sea. The Romans almost certainly were familiar with the Nile to Khartoum as Meroe ruled the area. Interestingly there were pharohs and even the building of small pyramids in Meroe until the travels of the Scot, Bruce, recorded them in the late 1700's. Some of the sites of smaller pyramids are remarkably intact. Somewhere on You Tube there is a video of a flyover at one of these sites. Septimius Severus, the last great Roman emperor over an intact and undisturbed empire before the 3rd Century Crisis, in the early 200's was an African himself from a Roman/Phonecian family in Carthage. He spent some years campaigning in North Africa to assure tranquility in the region and reorganized, rebuilt and expanded the Roman Limes (border fortifications or markers) in the area. He must have sent expeditions south. We sometimes forget how sparse our documentation of the Roman Empire can be due to the mass destruction of the second half of the first millenium. This was compounded in North Africa and Egypt due to the systematic destruction of everything pre-Islamic by the Moslem conquerers, similar to their ISIS descendents. Contrary to their 18th and 19th century French apologists, the Islamic areas were from from friendly towards the preservation of non-Islamic sources. All you needed to know was in the Koran or Hadith. What documentation that was preserved survived outside Islamic regions, or in Christian or Judaic hands.

[@lapislazulii141]

This appears to be about North African, very little about the Sub Saharan.

[@NubiansNapata]

I know right lolol sudan is not even in sub Saharan africa

[@hotboirollax9799]

Why are the paintings of blax tho instead of ❄️?

[@ManMan-ko7ll]

@@NubiansNapata So what you’re saying is the Nubians were North African?

[@NubiansNapata]

@@ManMan-ko7ll Yes..Sudan is on of 7 north african countries. Nubians cluster with north african afro-asiatic communities around us... Sub saharan is described by people living below the Sahara... Never in our history have we lived below the great desert...

[@NubiansNapata]

@Jsqure 456 Afro-asiatic language cover are north africa,horn and the middle east ... Arabic is also Afro-asiatic

[@neutralfellow9736]

Wonder what happened to those soldiers in that garrison they left down there. Did they ever return to Europe, or did they marry local women and joined the natives, protecting the locals from neighboring tribes. I imagine their fortifications, military equipment and training would make them very imposing.

[@artoruvidal2793]

I don't think Romans high standards will allow them to marry indigenous women

[@ddcc66]

@@artoruvidal2793 pin.it/7j2hGEn pin.it/1NE5y3d pin.it/2FGRcLy

[@marielaveau6362]

@@artoruvidal2793 what a troll!

[@brianmccarthy5557]

@@artoruvidal2793 The Roman soldiers ALWAYS married indigenous women.

[@aizac91]

@@ddcc66 really? Pinterest? Is this another attempt by America's woke culture 🧐 to alter ancient history as if medieval wasn't enough, now they're into BC 🙄

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

What are your thoughts on the Roman Expeditions in Sub-Saharan Africa? Check out the links above to support The Ancient History Encyclopedia and our awesome friend and narrator DW Draffin! A special thanks to Joshua J. Mark for his wonderful friendship and excellent historical writings such as the one above, for more of his work check out the links above in the video description above! Check out our new store! teespring.com/stores/the-history-shop Get your Sea Peoples | Late Bronze Age Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/new-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=658&cid=102950 Hoodies | Shirts | Tank Tops: teespring.com/get-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=212&cid=5819 Get your Hittite Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/HittiteEmpireMug?pid=658&cid=102950&sid=front Shirts | Tank Tops | Hoodies: teespring.com/hittite-empire-shirt?pid=2&cid=2397 Trojan War Merch Below! Mugs: teespring.com/trojan-war-coffee-mug?pid=658&cid=102950 Tank Tops | Shirts | Hoodies: teespring.com/TrojanWarShirt?pid=2&cid=2397 Support the Study of Antiquity at these links below! Become a Patron of The Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages and make history matter! Join us on Patreon: www.patreon.com/The_Study_of_Antiquity_and_the_Middle_Ages Check out history related merchandise through our affiliate link to SPQR Emporium! spqr-emporium.com/?aff=3 The link above is an affiliate link which means we will receive a small commission from your generous purchases, just another way to support your history channel. Donate directly at our PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale Facebook: facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGES/ Twitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdale Instagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_ages/ Facebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170/

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

I think these are awesome reads! I would love to have the writers on my show!

[@rimlandrealist7679]

Great and very interesting video. My only quibble is the choice of BCE/CE. There is nothing wrong with BC/AD.

[@JesusIsaFlatEarther]

You can't get enough flat Earth maps as the one at the 12:04 mark.

[@c.l.smooth29]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Great Video, I just wish that you could expound on the Antiquities of these times a bit more when it concerns the complexions of the people of Carthage and Libya more because Too Many times they'll have characters portraying Hannibal & countless others as Caucassians. Color isn't the issue, I just love Truth more. Area's like Tyre and the Phoenicians in general before establishing Carthage were EXTREMELY Dark Nations. Like I said, Great Video and I will continue to follow your work and contribute.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

C.L. Smooth don’t worry man..... got all kinds of episodes coming by Doctors! Was Cleopatra Black? Was Hannibal Black? Were the Ancient Egyptians Black? Got you man.

[@gonzaloh8086]

You may want to know that Knowledgia has uploaded a video about this same subject with "too similar" details as those given by you in your video. Not even that, but they give the same comments and in very similar order and no real extra information. Also, they uploaded it about 2 weeks since your video, the time needed to make a video like theirs. Too much of a coincidence after seeing that this subject has not beem mentioned in YT for months or even years. The video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/b32ziZRnpLN1Z6c

[@beyo5]

Still curious about expeditions by Romans or Egyptians up the Nile towards its source or towards Lake Victoria area. Also interested in relations with Axum and Yemen.

[@mch7933]

I remember reading egyptians had contact with the people of central africa, one egyptian governor brought a Baka to Egypt

[@arichardson5903]

Did you the Vandals (Germanic tribe) invaded Northern Africa and ruled for a little over 100 years after they sank the western Roman Empire in 476 AD.

[@cancel1913]

7:27 Romans consumed corn??? Corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico. So you imply that Ancient Egypt was cultivating pre-Columbian corn?!

[@kevinclass2010]

"Corn" was the name for all grains (wheat, barley, oats...) in the UK. In America, it came to only maize

[@cancel1913]

@@kevinclass2010 Oh okay, learned something today. Thanks

[@arichardson5903]

Cocaine mummies, Cannabis, and corn

[@AmericasIronman]

@@kevinclass2010 Where did you learn that? Link please

[@RagaBopHepCat]

Interesting topic material that warrants further research & sholarship - Roman history has become lost in the enormous shadow of Julius Caesar, and obscured by the Legends of other dramatic, literary, and Biblical figures, such as Pontious Pilate, and Mark Anthony. Video strikes a decent “edutaining” balance between providing programming & info from historical perspective, but could benefit immensely, were additional voices included, in the narrative. Well written, but production & delivery suffers, somewhat, from the challenge of having to listen solely to one narrator, throughout a ~29 min video. DW Draffin’s reading is not entirely bad, but tends toward ~dramatic orration; Interviews with Joshua J Mark (the actual writer) and/or other historians/scholars could help make the narrative both more interesting, and would add credibility. Curious, that no mention is made of slavery? The Romans are known to have conquered, colonized, and enslaved many peoples (& no doubt, on more than one continent). Narration & writing could also benefit from African voices & pens. But, the topic & subject material is a step in the right direction, towards uncovering, and demystifying the intertwined layers of fact, history, myth, and legend that surround the story & culture of ancient Rome, and other peoples & cultures of antiquity.

[@Bolognabeef]

I think that's just your country's issue

[@antoniusrusticus383]

This BCE/CE stuff is ridiculously jarring. I learned everything Before Christ / Anno Domini. It's not like there's even a different date to use to distinguish BCE/CE, and there is nothing not common about Before Common Era or anything especially common about Common Era. Jesus Christ is still the hinge point of history.

[@Servetus54]

I agree the whole purpose seems an effort to rewrite dates to appease some minority that hates the name of our Lord.

[@AlexandraaFeodorovna]

Yes, plus ''common era'' does not mean anything. It's just you know, a way to erase Christianity from our everyday life. It's not like Jesus Christ had a freaking MAJOR impact on history that we date history with Before or After Christ. Nope.

[@danbeaulieu2130]

@@Servetus54 Nobody cares about the name of your loRd

[@Servetus54]

Dan Beaulieu Someday even you will care and confess the name, peace!

[@SmedleyDouwright]

Common to whom?

[@yahwehsonren]

Interesting.

[@ivanemous]

Awesome subject!

[@akustik_prog1601]

At the end of the day Romans interrupted further explorations and military occupation more deep south in the African continent based on the famous quote: “HIC SUNT LEONES” as to say, they could not easily find in those deserts and land a level of resources comparable to other very rich Northern African lands like for instance Egypt. Risks and Returns trade off, suggested them to stop trying expanding in such tough and extreme climatic environment coupled with logistical problems almost impossible to address.

[@tamihansen4142]

El_Choctaw_lord_de_AztlanCalifasMexico = ANTZ

[@josephpercente8377]

Carthage was founded in 814 bc not 332 bc how could you make such a blunder?

[@yahwehsonren]

King Solomon mines in Africa.hmm

[@kivloli8385]

Bantus languages is hebrew www.jstor.org/stable/715705?seq=1

[@magnus3716]

King Solomon was extremely powerful at the time.

[@mver191]

@@magnus3716 Where was his empire? It was just a strip of land about 100 miles wide. He was nothing compared to Egypt or Babylon, who both saw Israel as a buffer state after the bronze age collapse and the invasion of the sea peoples.

[@nmagain24]

@@kivloli8385 there should a whole show done on this topic.

[@kivloli8385]

@@nmagain24 true

[@blockmasterscott]

Dude this is wild. I knew Rome had a failed expedition in Saudi Arabia, but had no clue they went all Stanley and Livingston into Africa.

[@ghassencsetwow]

beacuse sub saharan africa is weak and hopeless

[@ejchakaodza]

@@ghassencsetwow We are a peaceful people. We are Bantu people. We are not bloodthirsty.

[@wedongo]

@@ghassencsetwow idiot there always one of you clowns 🤡 so quick question how many black men have u defeated in fair combat ? Or in a boxing ring ? .. like I said clown 🤡

[@ghassencsetwow]

@@ejchakaodza peaceull people never heard of bantu expansion you displaced khoisan and pgyms and ethinc cleansed a lot of people nice try

[@ضاد-و6ع]

Arabia* Saudi Arabia didnt exist until 17th century. And its name in Arabic means the Arab kingdom of Al Saud (the ruling family).

[@albertlowe9510]

Great video. Well done!

[@stevensmith8876]

"Modern" scholarship is bankrupt in almost every way.

[@Norg1]

Once the romans reached middle africa and congo they just stopped prob the deep jungles and Natives there were prob reallyyyy hostile

[@lazarohernandez8574]

Probably the endemic diseases stopped them.

[@johnylalrina1451]

So Egyptians were not black? OMG!!

[@bobbybill4042]

11: 55 the map is way off but it is showing Madagascar!

[@greatnilemedjaywarrior3155]

Awesome Hey Can you guys do New TV series about Long Fought 5 years War Between Kush medjay Royal Archers vs Rome Kush Nubain Kandanke Queens who fought Rome an Defeated them bunch of times The period between 40 BCE and 50 CE saw three Kushite Queens in succession; Amanirenas, Amanishakheto and Amanitore. Amanirenas was the most prominent Kandake and reigned between 40 and 10 BCE. She is most revered for leading the Kushite armies to victory against the Romans after a five -year war Amanitore was one of the last of the great builders of Kush and restored temples of Amun in both Meroë and Napata following their attack by the Romans. Despite building these Meriotic temples, she was mentioned in the New Testament during the conversion of the Ethiopians to Christianity. The final Kandake before the Kingdom’s decline in 350 CE, was Amanikhatashan who ruled between 62 and 85 CE. She was known for leading her Kushite army into the First Jewish-Roman War in 70 CE to help Titus, who later became the Emperor in 79 CE

[@suilsistersunitedinlove7348]

What sources did you get this information from?

[@eldebtor6973]

WTF is CE?

[@bnchangd7793]

Common Era

[@tjron_e]

Its not sub saharan we are not using that European term anymore

[@justin8788]

I'm glad to see more lesser known History bought to the forefront by content creators such as yourself. Would be possible for you guys to share which books/manuscripts/documents you sourced this information from? I need more history to binge read/listen.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Justin King I will see what we can do!

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Justin King Bibliography Researchomnia: ANCIENT TRADE BETWEEN SUB-SAHARAN WEST AFRICA AND THE ROMANS Roman Forays into the Interior of Sub-Saharan Africa: the mysterious landscape of Agisymba by Raffael Joorde Adkins, L. & Adkins, R. A. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. (Oxford University Press, 1998). Claudius Ptolemy. Ptolemy's "Geography". (Princeton University Press, 2002). Insoll, T. The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Cambridge University Press, 2003). Mattern, S. P. Rome and the Enemy: Imperial Strategy in the Principate. (University of California Press, 2002). Oliver, R. & Fage, J. D. A Short History of Africa. (Penguin Books, 2004). Parker, H. M. D. The Roman Legions. (Dorset Press, 1992). Pliny. Pliny's Natural History. (Harvard University Press, 1963). Reader, J. Africa: A Biography of the Continent. (Vintage Books, 1999). Shillington, K. History of Africa. (Red Globe Press, 2018). Tacitus. Tacitus' Histories. (Harvard University Press, 1925).

[@justin8788]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Thank you!

[@brandycoke713]

I have sub saharan african in my DNA

[@timetraveler2518]

I discovered my DNA was from the extraterrestrial alien of another star system. It was from my extraterrestrial mother who had been impregnated by my human dad. My dad secretly revealed to me that my mom was an extraterrestrial alien from a faraway orange-reddish star system. Her craft had crashed landing on the Earth near my dad's home in the 1950s. That left her sole survivor on the Earth from the crash of the seven-crews craft She slowly died of asphyxiation and influenza virus-infected (a lack of her immunity on Earth) in the 1990s and was buried in a secret grave. My dad told me her planet is a sub-arctic climate with a flourish of food agriculture and their atmosphere has a little oxygen, but high carbon dioxide. Her civilization is much more advanced, peaceful, and harmonious. Tribalism, multiculturalism, racism, greed, and crime were non-existent in her civilization. She told my dad that humans are terrified ruthless, dangerously aggressive, destructive, and dominant species. They care about money and power that is their human interests. That explained that human history had gone repeatedly since the dawn of human civilization. Holy Destructive Humans, Batman!

[@brandycoke713]

@@timetraveler2518 Well take your Extraterrestrial ass back where it came from

[@sharjjahnaziz4122]

There is no such thing as Sub-Sahara Africa. But we know how Archeologist, Journalist, and News Writers in English speaking countries like in North America like to create new labels and terms for Africa every 50 years.

[@zozzledwolf4653]

weird thing to be so upset about lmao

[@rogercorreia6292]

?? What do you mean. Sub Saharan the place below the Sahara. Middle East far east. Western Europe southern Europe. It’s just a way of describing a huge area.

[@Speedofdark339]

And its far too broad for describing the worlds most diverse area by far in every way Poeple also use it with malicous intent + africans themselves dont use the term. In fact many dont even know it exists, i can tell you from experience. ​@rogercorreia6292

[@Speedofdark339]

​​@@zozzledwolf4653many use it for malicous intent

[@zozzledwolf4653]

@@Speedofdark339 🤣 it literally means below the Sahara. I'm not sure how that's malicious. It's purely describing a certain part of Africa.

[@DevinDTV]

the video was basically wholesale plagiarized by a more popular KZbinr who put out a video called "did Romans explore deeper into Africa?" a couple weeks after this video came out. they didn't even bother to change most of the script

[@2naija]

Wow, that's a long (25 mins) strenuous way of saying Rome could not defeat any Sub Saharan countries, lol. Greeks, Romans, Persians all knew where Egypt's wealth came from, yet could not defeat any of the nations. Rome was conquering Britain and other parts of Europe, Middle East and North Africa, while signing trade deals with Sub Saharan Nations, starting from Nubia(Kush), that is next door to Egypt. Sub Saharan Africa was never defeated in history until first about 500 years ago and culminating in about 150 years ago. Some parts of Nigeria was still hard to defeat till about 120 years ago. Hope people remember that when they simply dismiss Sub Saharan Africa today.

[@sarahspence6025]

Saint Maurice is from carriage Africa

[@airborneranger-ret]

Interesting. Thx

[@kj-my7se]

It is all about education, yes?

[@elbeejackson4124]

What's telling is how much is not known by scholars. After all of these centuries Deep Dark Africa is still mysterious. Good for future scholars. More work to do.

[@franciscorodriguez2457]

I am from the canary Islands the story goes that the islands got their name from the Roman expeditions to the islands. They are named after cannis lupus for the sea lions found there by the romans not for the birds. Ans so the story goes but I haven't found any books documents or evidence to support this. Any suggestions?

[@covenawhite4855]

Mali Empire was the most advanced Empire in Africa. They built the Islamic Library of Timbuktu. with a gold mine that bank rupted the Mediterranean in gold deflation. Their was the Ethiopian Axum Empire that wrote in Geeze language. They built beautiful cave churches which are tourist centers. True there are unreliability claim to have the Hebrew Bible's Ark of the Covenant. But besides the Covenant lie it was a very advanced Civilization.Plus, There are important ruins in Zimbabwe still to be explored.

[@kivloli8385]

Bantus languages is hebrew www.jstor.org/stable/715705?seq=1

[@kivloli8385]

@@NeptunesLagoon Berber aren't white GTFO

[@exiledbantuking]

@@kivloli8385 bullshit ! The Bantu people pre date them by 10s of thousands of years !

[@ghassencsetwow]

@Stanley Dougé they are caucasian learn a basic history lol

[@ghassencsetwow]

@@kivloli8385 some of them are soem are not bebers is not a single tribe

[@brinx8634]

06:06 - 06:25 I am experienced in these matters, and I have questions concerning the veracity of this, particularly during this one hundred year period. There is still much scholarly debate, and it should be thoroughly examined before presenting it as fact. Listen closely again....now tell me, upon reflection, does this still sound reasonable? Edit: O9:25 - 09:40 is indisputable.

[@bgill1523]

This is exactly my cup of tea....but DID YOU HAVE TO PUT SO MANY SLEEPING PILLS IN IT ??????

[@FUNNYANIMALIA7]

Jeremiah 30:21 leader is Kenyan Gikuyu

[@sdev8317]

worthy of a subscription !

[@RustyMartin-b9f]

Very interesting topics..💯💎

[@donnapido3824]

Just thought I"d mention that the painting of the Nubian offering bearers in procession was painted in the 1300s BCE in the tomb of Huoy, an official in what is now North Sudan. Were the Romans in Egypt then? I don't think so. The original is in the Museum in Khartoum and there's a full size preplica that takes up a whole wall in the Egyptian halls on the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

I used those images to accurately depict Nubian peoples, sure the image is much older and predates the Roman occupation of Egypt but as far as I a aware not much had changed.

[@xabier1375]

How would Rome consum corn?????????

[@femibabs1310]

Very interesting

[@MyRealName148]

Just read the title. I’m excited for the topic. It’s rarely covered to any real depth. Thank you

[@chavezmoore390]

Lol🤦🏾‍♂️

[@sectorHB77]

I'll take this opportunity to discuss "What is civilization?"- Many (modern?) Westerners think that " Civilization = Cities ".But that is a very short sighted definition. It is like saying "All men are equal", and exclude women.The term Civilization was created a very long time ago, and sticking to its original meaning is just narrow minded. Exactly like the "Equality of All Men" term.But we are stack with this term, until something better becomes widely accepted.Of course, "civilization", is political structures, culture, customs and laws, language, most importantly history, sense of identity, social relations and groups, etc...-A similar mistake is the "Civilized vs Barbarians" rhetoric.Looking back in history, we are surprised to find out that, many times, the "Barbarians" were, actually more humane, and more "civilized" people,than those who proclaimed themselves as "civilized".Which "civilized" ones, in their turn, many times, were totally inhumane and cruel, even to their own people.-Very interesting video, by the way.

[@Catubrannos]

Women are included under the term men. Men represents mankind. Women are a type of man hence wo-man. In old English adult males were wer and adult females were wyf. Man meant a person of either sex. Wyfman then became woman and werman became man. Wyf just meant female but later came to mean married woman or wife. Wer survives in werewolf as only men could be werewolves.

[@lucadev3890]

sectorHB77 Όνομα CIVES ROMANUS SUM ✋

[@sectorHB77]

So, men and women were regarded as equals. I didn't know that... oh, wait... ... ... word games, word games...

[@GijsTheDog]

Why did they do it: Because we're Rome!

[@niccoarcadia4179]

Anything from Africa is refreshing. I've been studying world history most of my life and always wondered about the Dark Continent. I wish there was more info on pre-Roman history.

[@AntonioTorres-zm9ln]

Love it

[@thnktank1]

Here come Yahweh Clowns.

[@matthewmann8969]

They only made it to then more Northern parts of The Sub Sahara

[@shaneekaminniefield6129]

No. They made it to Sub Saharan. This guy just don't know that great empires existed in Sub Saharan Africa. Rome wasn't strong enough to overtake them. Our Sub Saharan civilizations rivaled Rome. We were the center of world trade. That's why Rome came to Sub Saharan Africa.

[@thepatriot8514]

Do you know if any or how many Sub Saharan Africans lived in Roma? If so what time periods and how did they prosper. Thanks for your time.

[@kivloli8385]

I can share some paiting if you want.

[@kivloli8385]

@@ddcc66 nice

[@Speedofdark339]

There's no such thing as a sub saharan african mate

[@SerChade]

"Cross cultural exchange" ... cough.

[@jubei961]

Ummm Not forgetting the Greek ptolemaic dynasty That conquered the Israelites. And shortly thereafter the Romans. Where were the Israelites be able to flee to? Where do they always flee to? Egypt, right Wherever the Israelites are the oppressor is usually right on top of their neck. The Israelites always fled to Africa They were reported living in Spain since the time of the falling of the first temple and never returning back. Those Israelites who could pass as Africans in 1492. Fled to Portugal and from Portugal were sent to the west coast of Africa Sao Tome and Principe. So their descendants, we're probably all around North Africa even considering the carthaginians. Who had relations with the Phoenicians? As well as in Spain, the Israelites had relations with the Phoenicians and inhabited southern Spain where the Phoenicians were as well. But then you have your other set of Jews. There are European and we're saved by the ottoman Empires sultan. In 1492 were taken to the Ottoman Empire by ships. While the Jews that were black had to endure the Inquisition and wear ship to the west coast of Africa. For slavery

[@kivloli8385]

Bantus languages is hebrew www.jstor.org/stable/715705?seq=1

[@kivloli8385]

@Barry Iaconelli kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y3mplYuCbbR9odk

[@mch7933]

this whole comment makes no sense. this is all your imagination man

[@jubei961]

@Barry Iaconelli Deuteronomy 28:64-68 [64]And the LORD shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which neither thou nor thy fathers have known, even wood and stone. [65]And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest: but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind: [66]And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: [67]In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. [68]And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you.

[@kivloli8385]

@Barry Iaconelli Prove it

[@anim8torfiddler871]

Recalling information that for a time, China had sent Ships and embassies around the known world, I was wondering if they'd bumped into Romans in Africa. I went & did a little sniffing. Turns out that they'd gotten as far as Somalia - the "Horn" of Africa but a number of centuries after the Romans were anywhere in the Neighborhood. I'll have to do some more reading... I thought the Chinese went through a few centuries of building huge sea-going Merchant/Explorer Fleets before an emperor about 1500 decided to bring everything hack home.

[@KbB-kz9qp]

Good presentation, very interesting. My only criticism is the use of “BCE” and “CE” to denote time before the birth of Christ, and time after the birth of Christ. It is not exactly incorrect, but it seems petty/small-minded.

[@williamwulff289]

Everybody uses that. Get over it. Christ is the basis of European Culture since the third century CE

[@KbB-kz9qp]

Since BCE and CE refer to the same time periods as BC and AD, which of course divide history based on the birth of Christ, BCE and CE seem invented and small minded.

[@bruno-bnvm]

@@KbB-kz9qp BC (BEFORE CHRIST) AD (Acronim of ANNO DOMMINI, YEAR OF THE LORD) SOO SUCK IT JEWBOY

[@bignasty389]

Why are you talking like this? It’s very difficult to listen to. Please tone it back, it’s okay to sound like a human being.