Rome: from Marius to Caesar

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Previously in our animated historical documentary series on the Ancient Armies and Tactics bit.ly/2rKAF1j we have covered the Marian Reforms and their Military Effects bit.ly/2PNEi03 However these reforms also had a deep political impact. In this episode, we will talk about the political situation in the Roman Republic prior to the beginning of the Gallic Wars of Gaius Julius Caesar and will give an overview of the Sulla's Civil Wars, Social War, deeds of the Gracchi brothers and Drusus and much more.
For more on Roman history and battles: • Ancient Battles
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We are grateful to our patrons and youtube members, who made this video possible: drive.google.c...
The video was made by our friend Cogito, while the script was researched and written by Matt Hollis
This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
Machinimas for the video made on the Total War: Rome 2 Engine by Malay Archer ( / mathemedicupdates )
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Sources:
Andrew White - The Role of Marius's Military Reforms in the Decline of the Roman Republic
Michael Gambino - The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in their Social, Economic, and Political Context
P. A. Brunt - Italian Aims at the Time of the Social War
The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic
Polybius
Livy
Plutarch
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsou...
#Documentary #Rome #Legion

[@Eudetestofinos]

"As the Senate was putting off problems instead of solving them, had increased the legitimacy of populist politicians"... I can see some parallels here in some modern democracies

[@Jenjen-qc5eq]

History not only repeats itself it also rhymes.

[@brokenbridge6316]

Agreed. I can see what's going to happen. And it's not good. It will probably happen again and again. Mark my words.

[@Jo3M]

@Daniel b Sure Augustus was an effective leader but it didn't take long for the state to inherit Caligula...

[@Jo3M]

@Daniel b alrighty we have the basic rules of our dynasty. How do we avoid civil wars springing from the inevitable shunned child? I agree with the basic principle but find it hard to see Commodus taking it im his stride when Marcus aurelius chooses Russell Crowe instead of him

[@Jo3M]

@Daniel b True i guess the key difference is the allegiance of the military. Whomever controls the force would control the country. I wish we could model this all in a computer simulation to test various constitutions

[@feynstein1004]

Sulla: the man who inspired the saying, "The road to hell is paved with good intentions"

[@brokenbridge6316]

Your probably right.

[@Robert399]

I don't think the man behind the proscriptions could claim "good intentions". (I'm not saying he didn't want to strengthen the republic but... seriously wtf was he thinking with the proscriptions? That could only be self-serving.)

[@thedaystar1415]

@Zahir Datoo The dominos fall.

[@xergiok2322]

@@Robert399 The Marians murdered many Sulla supporters a few years before the proscriptions. How much the proscriptions were motivated by economic pragmatism is of course hard to say, but he might have actually sincerely believed that the proscribed people were 'enemies of the state' (Sulla was a conservative, after all). You probably need to consider the context to understand what he might have been thinking.. these were chaotic times and if anything Marius was the one who started with the mass murdering.

[@Robert399]

@Zahir Datoo Unlikely, given Sulla was an Optimate.

[@jesseberg3271]

So, Sulla and Caeser both marched on Rome with personal armies, both refilled the Senate with their own supporters, and both began to institute reforms. However, Sulla was allowed to complete his reforms and retire to his fields, whereas Caeser was murdered in front of the Senate. Why this difference? The most likely reason would seem to be that Sulla had lists of his enemies published, and ordered their murders, whereas Caeser let his enemies live and rehabilitated them where he could. Two of the three leaders of the plot against Caeser had sided with Pompey Magnus against Caeser in the civil war. Some times it pays to keep your friends close and your enemies dead.

[@austinford1530]

Sulla's reforms got instantly overturned once he stepped out of office tbh. Often by his own supporters

[@Izixster]

Awesome video as always. If you take suggestions i'd love to videos on Catiline's war or Jugurtha's war.

[@Capriithions]

At 3:39, wasn't Cincinnatus preventing an Aequi and Sabines invasion rather than a Gallic one? Maybe thinking of Camille's dictatorship for the Gauls?

[@darkhorsearmor3513]

Moral of the story, have someone directly pay your soldiers that isn’t their commander. Oh, and maybe don’t be very corrupt, and don’t other land instead of coin?

[@FlashPointHx]

Nicely done! I’m loving the fact that you’re going into such detail about the social and political motivations that led to the fall of the Republic instead of just the battles that would inevitably come.

[@vonwagner1257]

Your podcasts are unreal too man. Why not do a deep dive into this as a follow up to your 'Delenda est Carthago' series??

[@willek1335]

@@vonwagner1257 I remember Dan Carlin dippet his toe into this subject in his 2nd episode of Addendum, "Rome through Duncan's Eyes".

[@jonny-b4954]

To be fair. This doesn't even begin to scratch the surface. Let alone dig deep. Check out the History of Rome podcast by Mark Duncan. Hundred plus hours of their entire history. Truly digging deep

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

I solved all problems by marching onto the Directory

[@levinb1]

You learned well from the history of the SPQR.

[@gabrielferreira1531]

From Brazil: Cê é o bichão mermo, hein doido?

[@yonglizen]

my lord consul

[@cesarruiz5507]

Shut up Loser!

[@waynemarvin5661]

@@patricianoftheplebs6015 What does 'Patrician of the Plebs' mean? Is it like Conservative of the Liberals? Or maybe, Noble of the Homeless? Your nouns are contradictory.

[@podemosurss8316]

Cassius: In the name of the Senate of the Roman Republic, you are under arrest, dictator. Caesar: Are you threatening me, Patritius? Cassius: The Senate will decide your fate. Caesar: I am the Senate. Cassius: Not yet. Caesar: It's treason, then.

[@RamdomView]

Unfortunately, Julius Caesar was not an evil space wizard.

[@podemosurss8316]

@@RamdomView He should have been.

[@gabrielferreira1531]

I can only imagine this scene.

[@Xo-3130]

@@podemosurss8316 Eh, the people who killed him/fought him in the Senate are more of the evil in this instance. All they did was secured their destruction by killing him. Ceaser was the last sign that they had fucked up for over a century and then they figured they could kill him and not have it blow up in their faces.

[@Elandil5]

Augustus: I will finish… what you started.

[@Argos-xb8ek]

The Gracchi Brothers story always unnerved me. Like a primitive version of the Kennedy's assassinations but the Senate went out and murdered them.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Same here.

[@estellebrandt6892]

The gracchi were trying to gain power through populism

[@AGS363]

@@vladdrakul7851 You used the term "Alt Righter" wrong.

[@hlary8320]

@@vladdrakul7851 you lost me the conspiracy ramblings WikiLeaks has been compromised by Russia and was used to advance their interests as you saw in the 2016 us election also your delusional if you think Sweden or the UK are going fucking torture him lol

[@wizard680]

@@vladdrakul7851 well someone is.....informed..... I guess?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Baby, it's cold outside: bit.ly/2zydpr1 Yep, gearing towards our Caesar series.

[@Saint_Sin]

Keep them coming bby.

[@gerarduriarte6748]

KaG could there be a possible mega project for a high quality bid between history based channels like you bazbattles and epic history TV and as always beautiful video

[@ajithsidhu2792]

Great vid can you do a one on roman martial arts, the jatt(indo scytians), war tatics or rome and romes enemies?

[@Saint_Sin]

@@gerarduriarte6748 Dont get me wrong Baz and Epic history are good. but imagine the team i call my youtube triumvirate working together. K&G, Historia Civillis and Invicta. Now that would be a damn detailed run down on a scenario. You would get it all. Politics, strategy, small character details, gear and loadout run downs, civil strife and social sways. A man can dream.

[@gerarduriarte6748]

@@Saint_Sin who says that there can only be three creators:)

[@ssejr01]

This is the only channel where I have pushed that bell button.

[@KingsandGenerals]

We appreciate it!

[@nibangperying2638]

Same here

[@mazzaker18]

this channel and epic history :) the rest of youtube might aswell give up ^^

[@gerarduriarte6748]

History is the majority of my notifs aside from gaming and politics of course

[@Eric0816]

Marius actually did march on Rome while Sulla was campaigning against King Mithridates VI. Sulla marched on Rome in order to get back the supreme command for the war against Mithirdates which was strippped off of him. Then Marius did the same while Sulla was in the East, and when Sulla returned (Marius had already died just a few days into his seventh consulship) he marched on Rome a second time. Fun fact: Both Marius and Sulla married women of the Julii Caesares. In a way they both were family of Gaius Julius Caesar.

[@Cleeon]

Yes, the first ambitious one is Marius then

[@SonPham-CompetitiveProgramming]

While Sulla's marching on Rome did much damage to Roman institution, I did have sympathy for him as the only other choice would be to give up command to Marius (who paid a tribune of the pleb to overturn the command of the army in Greece from Sulla to Marius). He didn't want forever be seen by history as the shadow of his master. Such would be too hard to accept for such a talented and ambitious political figure like he was. Rome's misfortune was to have more than one strongman at the same time.

[@zrusit9640]

right, he was patrician who went protecting his honor with sword, could we blame him for that?

[@RexGalilae]

He was a true Roman who put the interests of the state in highest regard. The fact that he dedicated his entire political career only to fix roman problems (which he himself exploited) before resigning speaks volumes about his honor and patriotism.

[@CrazyNikel]

@@RexGalilae Caesar would do the same during his short term as dictator. In the little time he spent in Rome *after the civil war* he would put through *hundreds* of reforms hoping to fix what the Senate seemed unable too.

[@pete9320]

@@manupainkiller The man was borderline senile. Furthermore, he felt he was destined for the seventh consulship. Maybe not power-hungry, but definietly staying alive for it (he died right after his final consulship. And Sinna kept the regime going).

[@diarradunlap9337]

@@pete9320 Actually, Gaius Marius died 13 days into his seventh consulship. He had already survived two strokes, but a third hit him and that was the killer.

[@JohnSilverHawkins]

This was an excellent overview. Though it's worth noting that the Marian reforms, and the tensions which flared up during the Social Wars, also came about as the result of a sequence of disastrous military defeats, which saw terrible casualties for Rome that could not be replenished. Especially Arausio, which I honestly consider to be the worst defeat Rome ever suffered as a result of its consequences.

[@oslonorway547]

Notifications from _Kings & Generals_ or _Historia Civilis_ .... always turn a bad day into a good-looking one, _instanta!_

[@anoriolkoyt]

best two history channels!

[@yourlocalt72]

what about baz battles

[@as7river]

@@yourlocalt72 Baz shifted its focus to the modern world. Not a bad thing, but what I love about Historia Civilis and K&G is their extensive coverage of the pre-Christian era. Though of the three, I find Baz's format more appealing; the animations and overall audio production are impecable. Three favorite history channels indeed.

[@DavideMontingelliOfficial]

From Marius to Caesar...what men Roma produced!

[@DavideMontingelliOfficial]

@Ozymandias Ozy94 to Lucianone Spalletti

[@triglos5413]

@@DavideMontingelliOfficial And in the end Mussolini the climax of its production

[@venkatjayadeepj1342]

👆Quality comments

[@goldman77700]

@@triglos5413 Savage but true.

[@dcgamers]

Those men were great, but they also destroyed the Republic.

[@CrazyNikel]

Caesar is not only a *tactical genius* but also a *political master.* The entire time he was wining battle after battle in Gaul, *which btw he would hold the world record of pitched battles fought until Napoleon,* he was also out maneuvering his political enemies such as Cato the younger who are also brilliant in his own way. Caesar is a good candidate for the title of *genius* because in both aspects of life, *combat and political* he dominated his enemies. *Very few people have ever done this.*

[@executor5588]

You will repeat exactly the same message on each video ?

[@Sakkura1]

Caesar was not a political master; he got stabbed because he was too overtly accumulating power, without having purged the senate. Augustus committed neither of those mistakes and had a long, highly successful reign as a result.

[@Derperfier]

Sakkura1 Agustus was emperor with absolute power pretty much. Caesar was an ambitious general who hadn’t had the power yet and was really trying too overturn the corruption of the republic.

[@Sakkura1]

@@Derperfier Augustus BECAME emperor, he did not start that way. The reason he was able to accrue so much actual power without getting assassinated was that he was more politically savvy than Caesar. He finished purging the senate and also made sure not to hold his power too overtly - not becoming dictator perpetuus, for example. Caesar had almost total power over Rome after winning his civil war, just like Augustus did after winning the final civil war of the republic. Augustus was able to hold that power unchallenged for decades and found an imperial system lasting centuries; Caesar was assassinated a year after his final victory.

[@CrazyNikel]

@@Sakkura1 Octavian unlike Caesar lacked tactical thinking and his *relied* on his best friend Agrippa to achieve military success. *Unlike Caesar who finished the civil war rather quickly* it took Octavian many years to achieve the same success.

[@ThisisBarris]

Hey K&G, I just wanted to say that I've finally arrived home after two days of traveling where multiple delays and the fact that I had no phone or money made it an absolutely horrible trip. In the last 48 hours, I've slept maybe 1.5 hours so yeah, I feel totally shit. But yeah, watching this video made this otherwise shit day slightly better so thank you for that.

[@KingsandGenerals]

I am happy that you are safe and sound, my friend!

[@tritonsa27]

This is Barris! - French History I hope you get energised soon brother man.

[@ThisisBarris]

@@KingsandGenerals Thank you! I've slept a good 10 hours so I feel much better now.

[@paulmanson253]

Exceptionally well done. The whole period of Marius and Sulla,Catiline and the lead up to Julius Caesar is rarely covered as a pattern,or treated comprehensively. Good on you.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much :-)

[@marius.vlogs9]

@@KingsandGenerals my name is marius

[@ADruid25]

I would love to see a more in depth exploration of the Gracchi brother's and the situation of their respective assassinations.

[@Destroyer83]

Sulla, the ultimate example of "What have I done?"

[@heavenwatcher100]

I recalled that quote too when watching this video.

[@18mitndi]

I appreciate the more complex look at Sulla's actions and attempt to save the Republic. It seems like many people are content with painting him as a villain/thug and moving on.

[@totalwartimelapses6359]

Let me guess, from this video you will smoothly transition into covering Caesar's campaign in Gaul, correct?

[@KingsandGenerals]

We'll see ;-)

[@simonpeter5032]

@@KingsandGenerals The gallic campaigns are well documented by Historia Civillis (which I'd love to see you collaborate with) but I don't think the battles between Augustus and Antony are covered, as well as the Augustan expansion of the empire where he reclaimed Hispania, the Alpine states, and the Balkans into the imperial fold. I can go on about his successes in solidifying Julius's expansion, cementing Romes hold over the territories. However, I'm pretty certain you can do so more entertainingly with a video ;). Keep up the good work, brother. Love the vids.

[@jonharper8963]

Great work. I love the Grachii brothers, please do a video on them! The situation was incredibly complex and the brothers interesting characters themselves. I’d be happy to send you my research, they were one of my papers for uni, which, not that it matters but I got a solid 1st for :)

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks! Considering! Good job! :-)

[@danpav8960]

Gracchus brothers... The Kennedy brothers of their times...

[@TEverettReynolds]

After watching many of your videos, I am getting a sense that, from a social and cultural perspective, Rome's lack of rights like "Free Speech" and "Due Process" just allowed them to silence and kill anyone that went against "the system". This "System" seems very corrupt. For example, the killing the Gracchus Brothers, who were only attempting to help the little farmers survive, was done purely for greed and control, and seems to have had no consequences. Didn't Ancient Rome have laws preventing murder? Maybe the collapse of Rome is as simple as "Absolute Power Corrupts, Absolutely". And with no checks and balances for those in power, the "System" just continued to facilitate more and more corruption by those in power, until the end, when the government was paying for armies that (most likely) did not even exist anymore... And with the Senate not supporting the veterans by giving them land (some that was only lost when they could not attend to their farms during their military service), again, the Senate was being greedy, and not being voted in, had no risk of being ousted. Quite the opposite, the rich land owners with the large corporate farms run by slaves, would only bribe and payoff the Senators... again with no consequences...

[@mybutthasteeth1347]

As someone who is currently studying this very topic at university, I'd like to say that this was excellent. Don't know why I bothered to do a degree in Ancient History when this channel exists

[@KingsandGenerals]

Your degree is important. Let me know if you research something awesome for your dissertation - we are always looking for new angles and takes on Ancient history.

[@otgunz]

to write awesome documentary scripts for K&G maybe? 🤔😁

[@joaquinandreu8530]

It's sad because when I was young we studied this in High School. Goes to show why we're repeating history.

[@mybutthasteeth1347]

@@KingsandGenerals I'd be honoured

[@alexilaiho8534]

Bro when you say Ancient history where does it start and end? Is it from summerians till Jesus? And what books can you recommend bro about A.H.?

[@harisahmed8009]

Why was the previous taken down?

[@Chaika1974]

Duck

[@KingsandGenerals]

it had some technical issues.

[@umaransari9765]

I watched it already when it was uploaded before

[@MaxwellAerialPhotography]

For a more in depth look at the history of the Grachii, Marius, and Sulla, I would highly recommend reading The Storm Before the Storm by Mike Duncan, who also created the History of Rome and Revolution podcasts.

[@JohnMiller-bs2ln]

How on earth could those senators possibly expect that the soldiers would fight for the property rights of the very same people that stole their farm land.

[@thegarfield2414]

Senators were allowed to engage in only two bussinesses: slave trade and farming.

[@acash93]

This is such a good video. I always thought that the policy makers were the only wrongdoers, but it turns out that the veterans's behaviour played a role too

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@TheJaviferrol]

8:59 Marius and Sulla made a Tinder match!

[@TheHistoryofSpainPodcast]

Fans of Julius Caesar HANDS UP!

[@KingsandGenerals]

I am loving this comment not because I am a fan of his, but because I always try to promote fellow creators. :D

[@TheHistoryofSpainPodcast]

@@KingsandGenerals thank you ❤️

[@joaquinandreu8530]

Julius Caesar = Donald Trump. Let that sink.

[@destroyer0685]

@@joaquinandreu8530 I agree. The real question is not the Donald versus Caesar comparison but who follows in Trumps footsteps. The American body politic is a badly damaged as was the Roman Republic.

[@KingsandGenerals]

I think you guys need to read more on Caesar's biography.

[@bsykesbeats]

I love this channel, but I don't get for the life of me why you would show a soldier wearing segmentata at 1:26, when talking abt Marian reforms, which came almost 100 years before segmentata and why you would show a centurian at 3:00 when talking about a general.

[@jakehughes5933]

If you ever do a documentary like this for the Rise of the British Royal Navy, HOO BOI

[@KingsandGenerals]

Will consider. :-)

[@pyrrhusthegreat2103]

Kings and generals, I bought some of your merchandise for my parents' christmas presents (they like history) ! However, please don't kill my envoys !

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for supporting us! Merry Christmas!

[@todrkdck9805]

Will send convoy cavarly

[@pyrrhusthegreat2103]

@@KingsandGenerals Thank you ! I hope you will all have a merry christmas too !

[@anyawilson707]

Pyrrhus it’s you

[@pyrrhusthegreat2103]

@@anyawilson707 Of course it is me !

[@althesian9741]

Sulla is quite the underrated figure in roman history compared to figures like caesar and pompey.

[@HistoryandOtherStuffwithBV]

5:10 Ah... Yeah, I remember watching Extra History's series on them... Pretty sad story, honestly...

[@DanyIsDeadChannel313]

Cincinnatus was pretty badass. He was made by the people dictator just to avoid the danger of a real dictator coming out. And then he returned back to his farm land. Very inspiring.

[@mk45gunnr25]

Roman Senate was putting off problems instead of solving them....American Congress anyone?

[@thekillers1stfan]

The Gracchi did literally nothing wrong

[@johnnyjohnny2650]

Please do a series on Sulla's civil war the way you did with Caesar.

[@tcc5750]

Excellent video as always! - 10:41 :(_8:32 fucking greed of the senate class_6:37 well it sounds like the republic wasn't working_3:40 :O

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@KHK001]

Great video! Can't wait for the Gallic wars 😃

[@flamefusion8963]

ALESIA HYPE

[@KingsandGenerals]

Soon

[@hitrapperandartistdababy]

Woaw. I always had this picture of Sulla being this power hungry Tyrant who killed anyone who opposed him politically. Never knew he legit tried to prevent the very thing he did!

[@Oxtocoatl13]

I think the army reforms would've come without Marius. The Empire had just grown too big to be defended by part time soldiers. The transition to a standing army had to be made. I think the attachment the troops had to their commanders was also not just economic, but was born on the battlefield. Troops trusted the men who'd led them to victories and looked after them for years. The longer campaigns of the late republic contributed to this: in the past, consuls commanding the legions would serve one year and then pass the torch, but Sulla, Marius, Pompey and Caesar all led much longer campaigns, having more time to get to know their troops and form a bond. It may well have gone two ways: I'm sure many of the generals were sincerely worried about their men and their welfare after demobilization. Reintegrating long-serving veterans into society is something almost all war waging societies struggle with and Rome was never an exception.

[@akshaypandey3567]

"First, you must learn to pull an oar. Only then can you take the helm"

[@Killzoneguy117]

If you think about it, Marius could have avoided all these problems with military strongmen by creating a counterbalance to the Legions. The biggest problem was that the Legions, with no loyalty to the state, were largely unopposed were they to ever march on Rome. In that situation, the best thing to have is a secondary paramilitary force to act as a counterweight to an unreliable military. In Iran, it's the Revolutionary Guard, in the Soviet Union, it was the NKVD, in Nazi Germany, it was the SS. Similarly, Augustus saw the danger posed by the Legion and created the Praetorian Guard as his insurance against potentially disloyal Legions. Marius should have similarly created a Senatorial Praetorian Guard drawn up from the landed veterans of the pre-Marian Legions who would garrison Italy. In peacetime, they would work their fields, train, and provide policing services. And if Italy was ever threatened by the Legions, they would be mobilized to defend the Republic. But, as they say. Hindsight is 20/20. I can't imagine Marius could have foreseen the political ramifications of his reforms, especially as the Roman military was suffering defeats against the Cimbrians

[@konstahietala7290]

Hey, *Pssst* kids, wanna learn of one of the most badass battles in WWII? The battle in question is the Battle of Raate road (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Raate_Road), where a hopelessly outnumbered and outgunned Finnish forces decimated the Soviet army. It's also a great example of the Finnish 'motti' - tactics. If you're a patreon supporter for this channel, please suggest this in patreon :)

[@KingsandGenerals]

I hear you

[@zothanmawiapachuau]

We need an extended version (at least 25 minutes in duration) of this video.

[@scott6828]

...this lesson sounds eerily familiar to another Republic.

[@joshuasiramarco3233]

Woah Tiberius Gracchus didn't want to be king, just want to make land reform, he was a republican the whole way. Same thing with Gaius Gracchus.

[@joshuasiramarco3233]

And Gaius bounty was only place after the Senate thoughts that Gaius had accepted a crowned from the people but in reality he did not

[@judejoanis6030]

Hello, Have you considered sorting the Roman History Playlist by chronological order? I think it would help people tackle it better.

[@sahiramena3388]

So in love, someone finally covers Marius's reforms and political conflicts in the period before J. Caesar

[@markagrippa4018]

Still waiting for a Marius - Sulla - Jugurtha - Cimbrian War - Gracchi era movie or TV series....a guy can wish tho

[@ariadneschild8460]

Colleen McCullough did a book series called the first Man in Rome about Marius and Sulla.

[@augustusgermanicus1487]

Very interesting! I love all roman stuff!

[@ashleybennett4418]

Foolish Sulla established a dangerous precedent that was too good for ambitious generals to not follow.

[@gabrielferreira1531]

Sulla was smart in his own way. But he can´t fix the biggest flaw in the roman system, the patronage, because it´s this characteristic that raise him to power. The guy can´t simply destroy the mechanism of his own dictatoriship, that´s politically unthinkable. The fall of the republic was sealed, with or without him, because Rome had, at this time, all the vices of an decadent society, translated, in this case, in high concentration of land and rent on the hands of senatorial and the "equites" classes. Sulla, in certain way, try to fix that, narrowly yes but with some efficacy, giving lands to his veterans and expanding the size of senate. But it´s all in vain, at last.

[@熊掌波清波]

there will others if not him. administration must deal with unprecendent idea.

[@karlhans6678]

@@gabrielferreira1531 I'm surprised nobody mention how similar the US is to Rome. All the slaves brought in are like the cheap wage immigrants, and the wealthy own most lands etc. (the 1% people).

[@LuisBrito-ly1ko]

Karl Hans So, like every country in this planet?

[@maverikmiller6746]

I felt like I was watching American history. The only thing needed in America right now is some character like General Shepard from Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 to repeat the history. Great vid by the way.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@RJ17Boy]

While the Gracchi brothers were briefly mentioned, their actions were very impactful. If you want to learn more about them, watch this series created by Extra Credits: kzbin.info/www/bejne/hXWsYomFhNSYr5I

[@yourlocalt72]

a series about peloponnesian war would be cool i think

[@casfrencken7240]

Me comming from the Netherlands would like to see An video about the 80 years war

[@KingsandGenerals]

It will happen down the line!

[@casfrencken7240]

Realy thanks

[@destroyer0685]

I did it I tapped the bell. That being said this was excellent can't wait for Crossing the Rubicon. Another excellent source is the HBO series ROME which visualizes your written word. Also I recommend Colleen McCoullough's First Man in Rome series which goes from Marius through to the death of Mark Antony and the establishment of the Empire. The other part of this is that no Republic survives. The American founding fathers modeled our Republic on the Old Roman Republic. In effect they were all Catonians.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you!

[@Kees247]

Another great one. Please keep it up. Thank you.

[@KingsandGenerals]

More on the way!

[@barbiquearea]

Funny thing is Sulla once had a chance to execute a 16 year old Julius Caesar (who's related to Marius by marriage) spared the young patrician even though he considered him to be a hundred Mariuses. So despite all his efforts in trying to preserve the Republic and prevent a repetition of his own power grab, by sparing Caesar he instead gave the Republic the final nails to its coffin. And for added irony Caesar was originally set to become a priest of Venus but Sulla had banned him from entering the priesthood. In doing so he allowed Caesar to pursue a military career which he would not have been allowed to do had he become a priest.

[@varana]

Err... the office of a priest didn't exclude you from pursuing a regular political and military career; on the contrary, getting one of the higher religious offices was a political action. Consequently, Caesar became _flamen Dialis_ (high priest of Jupiter) in 84, and was voted into the office of _pontifex maximus_ in 63 BCE, one of his first steps towards political importance.

[@barbiquearea]

@@varana Actually becoming a priest meant he was forbidden to even touch weapons thus not allowed to join the military at least while he remains a priest. My point was had Caesar being allowed to continue his pathway as part of the Roman clergy, he would not have entered the military or become such a great threat to the Republic. But because Sulla had toppled Marius and taken power for himself, and then stripped Caesar of the position of Flamen Dialis and even had him prescribed later on which made Caesar flee Rome and joined the military where he gained much beneficial experience and in four years got his own command.

[@varana]

@@barbiquearea That doesn't change the fact that he became a member of the college of the pontifices again in 73 and Pontifex Maximus in 63. The flamen Dialis had some archaic restrictions that came with the office, not priests in general.

[@RushiScorpin]

Every thing goes into Europe, Since history you don't never mean it never existed, Very Little Asian cultural on your channel, Not a piece of indian History, If are making thing happened then you should try to introduce every history from world, Chinese may not know English, But india does, hope see some indian history on way ....

[@kmonster9719]

Actually they did do a video on Indian history in the form of the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Here's the link kzbin.info/www/bejne/f4KkhaabpbCigqc

[@jillbill7752]

I’ve learned a lot about roman history from your channel and others but this is the first time I’ve realized how important this period and Sulla were, thank you yet again, you guys are awesome

[@philRminiatures]

A rich and exciting period... just like this video...Qui emit te salutant!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you for watching!

[@RomanHistoryFan476AD]

a Lot of criticism of the popualit's senators, but at the end of the day the senate is to blame for setting up this system, by being to greedy to take all the land and not coming up with a plan to look after the veterans once there term of service is over, they set up a large skilled force of men waiting to be used to over throw the senate or fight a cause the general wanted. now some may blame Marius for this and he does share some of the blame as well, but at the end of the day Rome needed a full time professional army not a militia of land owners to guard and expand there now wide empire. Maybe the should have taught there veterns skills that are needed at the moment in the job market, or taught them how to farm.

[@borjamartinchacon9453]

The quality of this video is simply excellent. A masterpiece. The depth and attention to detail, the explanations, how well summarized it is. Congratulations from and historian.

[@TheRealBruceLouis]

man i love the aoe2 unit creation sound dropped here & there in this vid 🤣

[@KingsandGenerals]

:-)

[@harryjackson3867]

Great videos as always, are you thinking about making the mongols season 2 that would be awesome

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks! yes, it is in the works!

[@connorgolden4]

This video disappeared the other day after I first watched it, what happened?

[@KingsandGenerals]

There was a minor mistake.

[@connorgolden4]

Kings and Generals what kind of mistake?

[@mikeh7917]

At 3:32. I am a CINCINNATIAN!!! S.P.Q.R.

[@saberpendragon271]

We need an "It was Inevitable" t-shirt

[@michaelrichardson9458]

So the loss of loyalty to the nation is what led to its fall. I feel like there's a lesson here somewhere...

[@luishsteuer1660]

3:14 Age of Empires 2 sound effect, unit spawn from barracks

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep!

[@davidjs98]

Its like playing EU4 stuck with -3 stability

[@KingsandGenerals]

Pretty much!

[@EthioMod]

We need some more East Roman/Byzantine history.

[@KingsandGenerals]

There will be more!

[@gitstr8553]

These documentaries keep getting better & better.

[@varjagen4160]

I love how you just use total war footage for your documentaries

[@chipschannel9494]

The reforms needed to have been made to the senate, their greed and intractability, caused the downfall of the citizen soldier who then had nothing to come back to.

[@M0rmagil]

I’d say the Senate wasn’t just conservative, but positively reactionary. Every time a problem came up, it took a Herculean effort to get anything effective passed. The Senate just said, “No!”

[@Zamolxes77]

What I hate the most, is when someone mentions Rome was Republic around the times of Marian Reforms. IT WAS NOT. It was a Welfare State, run by rich boys that owned all the land and everyone else was either a slave in chains or a poor pleb. When trying to attach the "republic" tag to that, it makes no sense at all. Yes, that's how the rich boys saw themselves and any attack to dislodge them, was met with cries for the Republic and knives in your back. I'm actually very happy Octavian fucked them all to death and ended that hypocritical state of affairs, he's one of my personal heroes, along with Lucius Cornelius Sulla, after which I was named :). P.S. My comment is not aimed at Kings and Generals, your content is absolutely amazing and very well documented.

[@2SSSR2]

If this showed anything it's how Senate actually geared up it's own fall by refusing to step on corruption and ignoring it's citizens. I hope you are watching this EU and US...

[@anyawilson707]

Sulla: hold my wine

[@salty_tech]

8:29 they (senat) opposed the redistribution of agra publica in Italy, because it had already been cultivated (owned) by Italian allies. It was Roman - yes, but not empty.

[@Crimethoughtfull]

You guys have lost expensive equipment due to theft? And yet you've not called upon your loyal followers to take up arms and march upon the foe?! You, of all, should be learning the lessons of history! Launch a punitive campaign before you are seen to be weak and suffer further raids!

[@darkscholar625]

I love how every policy Sulla put down, Ceaser just blatantly ignored.

[@arkadeepkundu4729]

Nice to see Italian politics haven't changed much in the last 2000 years.

[@alexwallachian7720]

I really hope the Dacian Wars will be covered in great detail

[@KingsandGenerals]

It will happen, but I still haven't looked into the sources, so I have no idea.

[@jonathanberumen9573]

Thanks for the amazing vids! Roma Invicta!! Since personally I prefer the Late Republican and Early Imperial times I really like your videos that take place at those times in history! Please keep up the great work!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@G33KN3rd]

Really can't help but feel bad for Sulla, he tried his best to save the republic but he just didn't solve the problem itself: loyalty to generals and not the state. I mean the OTHER way to have solved this was to make sure the generals were loyal to the state really.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Well, he made it worse. :-)

[@optimizedpran1247]

How is is that you can generate such high quality content? Do you have a professional team making animations? Amazing.

[@KingsandGenerals]

New videos are better, check them out :-)

[@scottyfox6376]

These large servile worked Latifundia Farms weren't as productive as the previous smaller farm holdings. Slaves slyly broke their tools & ruined animals whenever possible as to avoid punishment. They had no motivation or love for the land as prisoners unlike a free farmer would.

[@MrExelm]

I think Giaus Gracchus killed himself, not killed as well as his brother. However, I believe he killed himself because he knew he was going to be murdered. Killing yourself back then was seen as better than being caught.

[@badman231177]

Thanks for this video. If any one want to check at an (as close to as possible) +(artistic license) novelised version of the time of Marius to Octavian, then please Check Sheila McCollogh’s novels on Rome. There are six massive books but they are so so awesome.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks! I love that series.

[@Muhammed552]

still waiting for Augustus series as the first emperor :D

[@KingsandGenerals]

We'll see!

[@redflags6583]

So you're saying, if Sulla used SimpliSafe things would have been ok?

[@estellebrandt6892]

Can you do a video on logistics, administrations, garrisons etc?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Planning to!