Fun with Transistors

[@StataProfessor]

In my last 30 years, I always wanted to understand transistors, but nobody made it so simple, finally I have learned about transistors. Such a great teacher.

[@IGBeTix-Electronique]

In depth, transistor isn't realy simple...

[@joverstreet24]

@@IGBeTix-Electronique???

[@IGBeTix-Electronique]

@@joverstreet24 if you know the transistor in depth, you must know that it is a realy complex device in reality.

[@patdowling5]

This is really great, thanks for the explanation. Particularly liked the basics and concept method and how you grew it into a very useful circuit. Love the format too. Please do more. Great channel too, greetings from Ireland

[@shumailriaz9204]

Very nice, very precise and yet covered so much with practical examples. You are a natural teacher

[@raidovski]

I was totally inspired by this video. Can't wait for new material to watch! Thanks for your effort to make this videos! 🙏

[@jedwebster8976]

Love this. If you could do a side by side comparison of the bread board and schematics when you go into explaining the circuitry that would be helpful. Easy to get confused without seeing the correlation. Thanks for sharing your knowledge though. Great stuff

[@notagain3732]

Lets learn while also having fun

[@wayne_taylor]

This was good, subbed!

[@sezerdirlik]

12:35 I cant visualize how delaying works. Why do we need a resistor? Can someone explain or suggest a topic that I can search?

[@arvydasgasparavicius7231]

Hey. At 12:39, does the oscillation happen for you? Not for me. What kind of resistors and capacitor do you use? I want to make this part work on my side until I experiment with the next steps

[@shreyaanjaat4206]

Resistor will slow down the charging-discharging of the capacitor to be visually detactable. Am i right ?

[@alexandermiasoiedov6637]

For me as a beginner, it’s not clear what happened when you first introduced capacitor and 10k resistor (to recharge the capacitor). It would be great if you cover in more details, how exactly the resistor helps to recharge the capacitor in the given circuit, the direction of current to the capacitor. I cracked my brain pondering on the circuit and still didn’t get it.

[@MrD0od]

Phrases like "current flow" are not only tautological but also betray a fundamental misunderstanding of the principles at play. Ampérage is the movement of charge carriers, plain and simple. There is no need for additional qualifiers that do nothing but confuse and mislead.

[@arpanpokharel1894]

Why is Lionel Messi teaching us electronics? 🤔Jokes aside, it was a wonderful explanation!🙌🏻

[@lordifrit69]

Lmao

[@iamcool5005]

Yeahhh actually lmao. I was like "why does he look familiar hmm...I've never watched his vids before."

[@mahdi2592]

this is one of the best detailed videos about electronics . Thanks

[@nid274]

agreed

[@kazukawasaki97]

at around 11:30 he shows how connecting the recieving leg of led in parallel with middle leg of other circuits transistor recreates the before effect on how when a transistor and led in parallel alot of current is stolen by transistor now if he now hooked up the first circuit's transistor's third leg to live now the battle is between the first led, transistors who has live volt's terminal leg and the ither transistor's middle leg, we know why first led stops glowing,cause that circuits terminal leg won snd stole, but it should also win over the transistors middle leg effective making that not glowing led now glow but in my circuit both not glowing when I do this,what am I doing wrong? 😔😭

[@wchitwood65]

5th birthday i got a 101 transistor experimenters kit. When i finally understood how a transistor switches electricity without moving parts, i was totally hooked and became a self taught electrical engineer two decades later. Clept out of most classes for my degree. You can be anything you want if you are dedicated and fully interested in what you love to do. Find what you love and you'll never work a day in your life because it wont feel like work! Inspire someone now and genius will follow.

[@kayakMike1000]

I really struggled trying to understand how transistors worked when I was 8. For some reason I couldn't imagine it. Took me at least two years to figure it out.

[@chadhinkley7532]

What do you mean by clept?

[@wchitwood65]

@@chadhinkley7532 i probably spelled it wrong. It means to take the final exams and if passing, that course can be skipped with credit towards the degree.

[@VinojJohnHosan]

I have electronics degree, but I learned the basics perfect about transistors than in college

[@優さん-n7m]

sorry?

[@planktonfun1]

I have now have a use of my 50 transistors lying around

[@jimmyrustler8983]

Had to pick one up along with a fancypants heatsink and silicone pad to go with it. Making a small HV power supply out of a flyback from a portable CRT TV 👍

[@ManjunathBM21]

The right Methodology matters a lot in teaching....🙌 Wonderfull Explainatíon

[@andreelb]

I've had a basic understanding of what a transistor does for a decade and a half. But it was seemingly impossible for me to ever use them in practice, mostly because I would not know which specific one to use for my ideas, but also because of all the obscure little details like pulldown resistors, bias voltages, etc. Having a guide like this that actually shows you how a general purpose transistor can be used in a variety of ways is gold! It's really easy to follow along when the unknowns are already figured out for you!

[@midclock]

Same!

[@angeljoshuacantuhernandez2414]

I burned it intentionally :) *The guy who was following along ;-; 4:29

[@gordselectronicshobby3853]

You draw circuits like the Russians do.

[@perli216]

how does it differ?

[@pentasquare]

????????????

[@ArdLight]

IEC

[@harrysmokes9265]

​@perli216 idk how the Russians draw cuircits but it feels so strange to look at the diagram with the 5v and gnd on the right I always put it on the left and back in school we used to put It on the left 😂

[@chabr1783]

Oh yeah it really looks like some old russian circuits. I have a lot of them in home beacuse back in the day every appliance here was made in russia.

[@SillyWithLily]

Been watching electricity vids non stop for two weeks now. This is one of the best ones! Thanks! The combination of the practical and diagrams and examples and explanations. Best.

[@PrestonK92]

at 58k & 510K views for this and your soldering vid, please more fundamental tutorials. We need you.

[@frasermderry]

Very well explained and demonstrated. I'm a retired EE (1973) and found your video quite interesting. Thanks.

[@fvgoya]

I'm extremely beginner about electronics. This video is one one the MOST AWESOME and EASY to undrstand about Transistors. I Never saw an explanation a PRACTICAL EXAMPLE like this one. No kidding. This videos is AMAZING!!!!!. Thank you very much.

[@HackMakeMod]

Really glad you liked it!! Thanks taking the time to comment.

[@fvgoya]

@@HackMakeMod I hope to see more videos like this one, other components, projects... You really knows how to deliver de information. Subscribed.

[@ReggeditCh04]

You know what's fun? Flags.

[@djDeeDizzy]

Please give ore content like this, it was so simple to understand and build with you. THANK YOU

[@LetsFlyRC]

Watched the whole thing. Really love that you did this. I hope you keep doing more like this. :) Back in the early days of my career, because I was taught “how” relays worked, and not just “follow the instructions”, I was able to design my own latching relay with multiple bosch 5 leg 12v automotive relays, and I was so psyched that I could, then make all kinds of circuits in car audio. I, recently worked with Cheng Lin from CLRacing to create a product for car video screens in Polaris Slingshot vehicles, for multiple camera views, based on left, right blinker or reverse. Basically, the car had 4 cameras and it would choose the camera based on the status of the signal lights. Pretty easy circuit to design, but, it was cool to see it come to life.

[@lucdigennaro]

Make more such videos. With other type of circuits. Thanks. Love it

[@rishik6479]

I hope you won't stop uploading these types of videos. I've always been confused why there are so many resistors. You showed me why we need it by intentionally burning one of your LEDs. Thank you. We need people like you to make us understand even the minute details. You are making electronics interesting for everyone.

[@patchesdf]

Thank you so much for posting this. This is the very first time I tried making something like this on youtube and it worked. I've been plowing through a bunch of other youtube videos that claimed to be for beginners but they kept skipping over several vital pieces of information needed to complete their projects. Yours was fully comprehensive and very well done :)

[@johnrussell6620]

It has been 2 years now and you never came back to these simple subjects! I think you should do a circuit analysis of this exact video showing voltage & current flows, voltage drops, Kirchhoff's circuit laws, etc. Calculate Ohms' Law, Beta Re, Vce, Ic, Ib, Vbe. ... Read the data sheet on the 2N2222 and how it is applicable to this circuit. Make this circuit with a PNP transistor.

[@J0HN3]

This was awesome. Thank you. Best instructional I’ve found for practical application of transistors for beginners. Thanks for spending time on this. Gonna pick up the kit.

[@arcturusbbqsausagemaking2435]

My left side LED doesn't lite up at all when I put the power to it the Right side LED lights up but fades out And whenever I cut the power hit the power again the Rite side LED comes on for 2 seconds and goes out ,I'm new at electronics any help .. Great Channel keep the videos coming.

[@NetworkDirection]

Absolutely legendary! Would you consider making a video around transistor biasing and q point? I can never quite get my head around it

[@HackMakeMod]

Great suggestion! I’ll see what I can do

[@patkeller2617]

Why are you controlling the LEDs by having the transistors short across them as opposed to the conventional connection of having the LED positive connected to the emitter side of the transistor and the negative side of the LED to ground. Now when the transistor is turned on, current flows through the LED and it lights up and when the transistor is off, the LED is off. FYI, Electrical Engineer grad 1974pm (pre microprocessor!).

[@HackMakeMod]

I originally did this to invert the function of the transistor. Then I continued building from there

[@nickdoum]

@@HackMakeMod This is so confusing, why do things backwards, took me hours of wasting time. Tried patkeller method and it worked in seconds

[@rattamayhorka]

try to follow conventions such as having the voltage at the top, ground at the bottom, the base to the left, and the output to the right (LED)... very good video.

[@Fourth4Element]

You’re the best teacher of electronics on KZbin

[@TailHeavyProductions]

Love the simplicity in your explanations. Nice stuff, Chad!

[@nyeinchanzaw6936]

Thank you so much for the new channel Chad.

[@clems6989]

Having a short leg would be "Negative" !

[@johnvirgin405]

Thanks so much for this. The best description and explanation on KZbin by a long.

[@ke9tv]

4:21 That was an SED (Smoke Emitting Diode)

[@nicholassummerlee6843]

Just saw this video in a KZbin ad on Louis Rossmann’s channel. Subbed instantly. Awesome content man.

[@solvend]

2n2222 notorious for blowing easily. Even the milspec ones are shit. Saying this as someone with 15+ years component repair on RF amplifiers and CCAs. Many a failure traced back to a blown 2n2222

[@DipayanDas773]

Is there any explanation to how the oscillating circuit works?

[@PocketbellThe]

Really wish 15:15 - 17:22 was better explained, lost me 100%. Genuinely blurred the information enough I now got no clue if I know how that works.

[@oanminhkhoi6584]

Agree, bro printed out the schematic to explain nothing

[@WrongWayFPV]

I learned soo much in this video. Great work!!

[@DanielHerbert77]

You guys are the coolest nerds I know! :-)

[@JustMe-dx5xl]

10 out of 10 thumbs up for this video. Very clear & concise demonstration & explanation. 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

[@foogod4237]

"Do you know what it is?" Yes, given the package and context, I would assume that's a (most likely NPN) Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). "Do you know how it works?" Nobody knows how it works. Nobody. (Ok, there are a few very smart physicists who have sophisticated mathematical models for how a BJT actually does what it does, but to everyone else, even all the electrical engineers that design really sophisticated circuits with them every day, it's still basically magic. (Knowing how to use them and knowing how they work are not actually the same thing...)) But they are, indeed, incredibly useful anyway.

[@peymanrahimi6539]

Very educative for hobbiests, thank you

[@TravisSelfmade-w8t]

This is without a doubt the best electronics informational video ive ever seen

[@googleedwardbernays6455]

Great dot connector for those of us learning at a leisurely pace. Your technique is a summation of concepts and data i have learned but was either somewhat shakey on, or i was in desperate need of a lab / visual manifestation of acquired knowledge . One tiny thing i would like to mention in case it helps someone. When showing the pinout of BJT NPN 2N2222, the camera flipped the proper arangement. If flatside is facing you with leads pointing towards ground, its CBE from left -right. Base is still the center but it got confusing when labelling ins and outs of inverter circuits.

[@roeldulangon]

i check google and it shows when flat side is facing you , the left pin is emitter , base and collector ( ebc )

[@pavanvimmii9154]

Love it and am inspired to do it in my lab

[@stevescott2819]

I watch a lot of electronics videos. I’ve never commented. This was amazing! Incredible job.

[@stella-G]

no one had ever explained these better than you have, thank you so much, honestly you saved my life.

[@janmichael1262]

I could never wrap my head around electronics, but this was eye-opening, and it all suddenly it all clicked in place. Thank you so much.

[@josephciaravino4115]

This was magnificent! Thank you!

[@RediUNKNOWN]

thanks I learnd something

[@brickmasterg7366]

How would you do it so that you have lights indicating the input AND output of the inverter? You only have one LED indicating the output signal. What about if there was an input signal? How would you be able to display it?

[@commenter4799]

There are two transistors in the latch he built and it's doing what you want. One led represents the input of an inverter, and the other represents the output. Personally, I wouldn't short the LED to turn it off, but the current is probably pretty small.

[@unicornlauncher]

Please make a series of these ! I’m learning about electronics and your by far the easiest to follow along too

[@kimfowell445]

Same

[@SkipFlem]

Transistors are your friends.

[@duetothefacthat]

This video was so good for me, thank you for your effort!

[@MHS_2030]

Great, I have been searching for this.. glad I found you

[@Sizzlik]

But why & when did the capacitor switch from polarized electrolytic to unpolarized ceramic one? It just switched in the end and i dont see 2 capacitors in the final circuit. Just the one in the delay circuit that got switched from polarized 22uf to unpolarized 1uf.

[@NandoP07]

This video is hugely underappreciated. I hope it blows up! I'm just getting started on electronics and this made a whole lot of things more understandable. And I am actually more inspired to continue learning. Thanks!!

[@pepperlane]

while doing this i almost blew out several components because i just plug everything in before you say this is what not to do

[@neilbarnett3046]

To figure out which side is negative on your LED, use an old 3V lithium cell, it won't need a resistor, they have enough resistance internally (because they are old). So next time your kitchen scales say they are "flat", keep that cell. An old LED, cheap "surplus" LEDs or one taken from another board will not necessarily have a long and short lead, or a flat on the body, they could be either way round. I have some 1970s/80s LEDs that have a flat and equal leads but some are reverse polarity. Shorting out an LED is not the usual way to turn it off. Most people draw their circuit diagrams with the positive rail at the top and 0V at the bottom. It is not correct to call it ground, because it isn't actually grounded. A PC power supply might ground the zero volt rail, but a 5V "phone" power supply won't, and a battery wouldn't have either side connected to ground.

[@ElectronicswithGC1CEO]

Made the oscillator circuit in circuit.js (falstad) and in real life the left one has a longer duty cycle of roughly 66% to 80% while the right one has the remainder all other things being equal (type of LED, resistors, etc).. any idea why?

[@axelbelleris]

Beautiful demonstration, it is the most detailed video I have seen. Thank you very much and I hope you have more videos with transistors in more complex circuits because I need to learn how to use them. 🙏🏻🙌🏻 I already subscribed. Greetings from Argentina. 🇦🇷🙋🏻‍♂️

[@xiangliteresa]

Amazing video! Very well explained! Can you do a video about IR LED & phototransistor ? Im trying to make a score-system for airhockey, using IR and phototransistor with arduino.. but so far I can not do more distance than 2cm... I need at least 20cm :S

[@Nonononono_Ohno]

The bigger portion, i.e. the reflector, in an LED is not always negative. There are LEDs where it's positive.

[@kingshahzad78]

In my whole life I understood the concept today..... Many Many Thanks ❤❤❤❤

[@zerdgeofficial]

LED stands for Light Emitting Diode which means you don't have to identify the right poles.

[@rupash88]

Came from Ryobi Remote Car video to this.Great tutorial video.

[@HarshSharma-up5nm]

Thank you very much for making such a great video, this is the channel i was looking for i am glad that youtube recommended this video to me. Thank you very much once again, we want more videos like this please! ❤❤

[@HackMakeMod]

Glad you enjoy it!

[@HarshSharma-up5nm]

@@HackMakeMod 💖

[@markusmen2818]

Perfect example for explaining a kind of complicated but super important component of circuits very understandebal step by step with an hands on approach. Well done👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@RaviThakoer]

Thanks man! You've done a GREAT job explaining this oscillator. I couldn't understand it before. Still wondering why the first LED remained on. The oscillator circuit is still hard to understand from the schematic. And the schematic is missing another node between the speaker and the cap at 15:20. But this video triggered me to go play with electronics again. Keep 'm coming!

[@envivomedia]

Awesome video, great delivery and very educational. I look forward to your other vids!

[@chitarrix1]

Effective tutorial, you inspired me. Thank you very much.😀

[@redfields5070]

Conventional current flow is from negative to positive. For the sake of clarity, then shows a schematic you couldn't screw up any more than that. Why are you teaching with an inversion circuit? Are you intentionally trying to make things difficult for newbies? What a mess! Downvote, goodbye forever.

[@j00h]

Absolutely loved this. I really didn't take this in while I was at school. Made so much more sense after watching this ❤

[@sparkyindahouse]

great video. i always use looking thro' the LED as ARM = ANODE = POSITIVE + CUP = CATHODE = NEGATIVE -

[@haronmwambi4720]

Thanks a lot for that amazing tutorial. Just a quick one, I've followed along and made the 2 circuits for the oscillating circuit, however, when I try powering up either of the transistor bases, it switches off both LEDs. I'm quite a noobie to electronics and I'm using a BC547. Please let me know what I'm doing wrong. Thanks!

[@yungsteezy4500]

knowledge overload! Thanks for sharing! My brain seems to trash anything I learn. I have to make this a hobby.

[@kayakMike1000]

The 2N222 is a BJT... Current controlled device. Nearly all digital transistors are CMOS. CMOS transistors are more complicated because they are actually a combination of a NMOS and PMOS. These guys are designed to operate in a switching mechanism with voltage on the base. BJTs can work as a switch, but they're a lot slower to "saturate", completely switch on or off

[@johncherry108]

Great video, and your use of schematics make it better. Far too many YT videos don't provide schematics, and even simple circuits are made clearer by a schematic.

[@TravisSelfmade-w8t]

I always wondered how a momentary button toggles a circuit too . And man i was always curious about messing with bread boards but now that ive watched this im craving a pile of components to tinker with on a breadboard

[@UdayaRai-mo4ur]

Udaya💡💡🔋🔋👍👍

[@jonathandudley7304]

“In theory, if I take the output of the first one and run it to the input of the second one, what do you think will happen?” **LITERALLY proceeds to run the exact opposite. I work with electricity and logic circuits for a living, but even my brain hurt for a while until I realized that the two blue LED circuits were redefined without ever stating as much. Silly me, I thought that the first circuit that was populated to the breadboard would’ve been referred to as the “first” circuit and the second one the “second.” ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@xl1803]

Thanks ❤❤❤ sir Your way of teaching is remarkable.

[@erdalerdem2133]

I already knew the flip flop circuit, but I learned the reset circuit with this video, thank you very much.

[@nokta3r9fj93]

Vaow great explanation ! Thanks from (🇹🇷)

[@heikkiaho6605]

wow this opened up so many electrical concepts for me like you cant believe :d its been so hard trying to understand some of this in school or smth

[@GPGPapercraftTX]

My ITT instructors were all ex-TI guys in Houston. Maybe it is just the generation of time since I was in class but I am pretty sure not a one of ‘em ever explained a 2222 as simply as you just did. Keep on rockin.

[@Maze707]

awesome video! learned most of this at school in physics class around three years ago, however I didn't have the most exciting teacher which made classes way too boring resulting in me forgetting everything in an instant due to my ADD. Now that im busy with re-learning arduino and electronics your video's really helps me understand these subjects. Keep up the good work!

[@HackMakeMod]

I’m really glad to hear that it was helpful!

[@Dark_Knight_USA]

Greetings: The use of "ground" inappropriate as many Ppl also use incorrectly. The use of + and - is appropriate. U used both. Do not wrongfully educate or confuse the viewers if U R attempting instruction and education. Otherwise good presentation.

[@dng88]

Quite interesting. Especially you do it without the Arduino or raspberry pi. May be a surprise comment. As just a hobby always have those (and bbc micro plus …). Should have just circuit. And then use 3.3v not 5v for this to avoid the blowout of pi.

[@swainscheps]

Why hand wave over the explanation of the most confusing part of the circuit? Adding the capacitor and 10m resistor 😵‍💫 At 11:07 earlier you described the powered base as providing a lower resistance path to and ‘robbing the LED of power’ - unclear why this doesn’t happen when you add the wire from emitter on left to base on the right. Why doesn’t that new path rob the left LED of power and cause it to go out too? 18:20 “now we’re going to run power to the first one…” (connects wire to the second one) “and run power to the second one” (connects wire to the first one) Ok…the “first one” to me means the first one you built…which was on the right. And the second one was the second one you built (which you put in to the left of the first one). This gets confusing because you also stop referring to the ‘base’ connection and start calling it the ‘input’ to the circuit without warning.

The video is excellent, you are a good teacher. I have a question. As I understand it, you just short-circuit the LEDs to switch them off. This means that the transistor is swallowing all the energy that the LED would use, which seems to me wasteful for real-life applications. How could this work so that the control transistors don't have to handle as much current as the controlled loads? Could we just use a couple of extra NPN transistors? Thanks.

[@kishankumarhazari3692]

Superb buddy ❤