Rulers of Bronze Age Iberia: The Argaric Culture

[@DanDavisHistory]

Buy a DNA kit here: bit.ly/DanDavisHistoryDNA Use the coupon code DAN for free shipping. As an added bonus, you can start a 30-day free trial of MyHeritage's best subscription for family history research. Thanks for watching!

[@YamiKisara]

Excellent video, Dan, I had no idea this culture existed! I've noticed you read "Únětice" with a "k". Únětice are a village near Prague and it's read with a "c" like in "cycling" or "cider" - Czech is an extremely hard language, so I don't blame you for mixing it up, and you've got the rest of the word quite right ;)

[@andrzejklein7846]

remember that they are forced to cooperate with police, so your DNA may help the police bring you or your family to justice if you ever commit a crime (or your child or uncle) :)

[@soulmask2781]

Did you see the Reuters article about King Tut having european DNA haplogroup in his Y chromosome?

[@dreddykrugernew]

You should read a book called Yorkshire Folk Talk, the vicar tells of the people of the east coast north of the Humber before the modern age and how they spoke and also his journey across to Denmark in the late 1800s to sample their language and compare it to what the locals spoke.

[@MrLee-cy1pw]

Thanks so much for the research that you do! Question about the halberds, is it confirmed that they are halberds or is that the best guess? To me the blade looks more like a dagger. The picture of the halberd with the handle shown in the video looks like it would be awkward to use.

[@thefattymcgee5801]

Dan, creators like yourself are why nobody misses The History Channel.

[@starrmont4981]

The History Channel is why nobody misses the History Channel

[@petion2013]

The History Channel no longer gives a damn about history

[@Andy_Babb]

Well said

[@Metta33]

They should probably change the name of their channel.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

The History Channel did everything but history! 🙂

[@eh1702]

It’s so good to get something for the general public that treats us as intelligent people, a presentation that is informed and well sourced, that gives us an overview without superficiality or sensationalism. I like that you give us sources in the information so that we can go further into something.

[@jezusbloodie]

Dan is the best at this I've encountered on my long and wide journeys on KZbin

[@notbobrosss3670]

Yes, and with professional self-restraint of bias or agendas.

[@AlbertaGeek]

@@notbobrosss3670 ???

[@honeybadgerisme]

Well said!!

[@이이-n4z8y]

As long as you like cultural marxism and loads of left wing propaganda!

[@juancarlosparrasanchez4913]

Hello everyone, I live a around 10k away from the main El Argar archeological site. It is great to see people bring light to how important and advanced the culture was and how important a piece of history this little and mostly forgotten area of Andalucia has, also having the first settlement from a foreign power a measly 15km or so to the east of El Argar in Villaricos, being first settled by the phoenicians, then conquered by the greek and lastly by the romans. I'd like to use the opportunity to bring your attention to the state of consevation of these incredible sites. The El Argar site is nowadays little more than a few holes in the ground marked with construction tape and used for the dumping of plastics from the greenhouses around it, the phoenician and roman ruins have mostly been built over for tourist apartments while the Los Millares site is actually pretty well kept. It is nice then to see these sites be talked about in the community, seeing how forgotten they are and how little love their remains are kept with even by the people that live here.

[@BrandanLee]

I mean, at least the good news with the plastic, is we'll be able to date the trash layers and sort out what belongs with what... But yeah, disrespect for the past begins where disrespect for the present starts.

[@Mark_GL]

Aqui en Mallorca se construyo el aeropuerto encima de lo que entonces era la capital de la cultura talayotica en la isla, sin hablar de la cantidad de talayots en propiedad privada sin excavar o en estados lamentables que existen hoy dia.

[@pattheplanter]

Don't forget the oldest basketry, espadrilles and use of opium poppy, found in the Cueva de Murcielagos de Albuñol.

[@itsnotatoober]

The true cultural inheritors are those people that appreciate the history, not those that live nearby or are related physically.

[@brumella]

I feel you. I'm originally from the Canary Islands although I currently live in northern Spain. Pre-hispanic archaeological sites in Canary Islands are forgotten or have been destroyed to build touristic complexes 🙃 The tourist industry is more important than preserving our history and natural spaces, I guess. When there won't be any interesting and natural spaces in the islands, tourists will stop coming and the islands will become a graveyard for derelict ugly hotels and shopping centers 🙃✌🏻

[@TheHortoman]

As a spaniard i only ever learned this last year at the madrid museum of archeology, since then i wholeheartedly believe chalcolythic spain must have literally been the world of conan the barbarian

[@MickeyMouse-el5bk]

Y yo

[@c.a.s.anphorachiclana7434]

Bueno, no hay que caer en lo absurdo.

[@TheHortoman]

@@c.a.s.anphorachiclana7434 ñiñiñi

[@TheJosep70]

Bueno, Conan se rodó en parte en Cuenca, jajaja

[@freshhands9461]

The movie was shot in the ancient kingdom of Almeria, I feel this proves your point :D

[@natalie3120]

I ordered a DNA kit from my heritage and it turns out I am 13.5% Iberian❤

[@torrezno1990]

It is impossible for you to have that percentage of Iberian, on the other hand, DNA tests are not very reliable.

[@Replicaate]

I've never even heard of the El Argar culture and I probably never would were it not for you, Dan my man. Thank you as ever for the fantastic video about an underrated Bronze Age culture!

[@richardcook5919]

Publications about El Argar are almost exclusively in Spanish. The register used in them is certainly not easy to follow either.

[@Replicaate]

@@richardcook5919 Times like this I regret only knowing English.

[@jbsv2979]

La Historia dé España está maldecida por la “ LEYENDA NEGRA “ con lo cual es muy desconocida en el Mundo 😢

[@fernandgutez2383]

@@jbsv2979- Nos envidiaban. Cuando Europa estaba en la oscuridad, España era el centro del conocimiento en el continente, gracias a la cultura Árabes. La “leyenda negra” comenzó en el siglo 16, en las guerras entre los Católicos y los Protestantes.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for this video Dan. Fascinating stuff on a subject that barely gets any attention. I've been meaning to visit Los Millares for years, I'll have to add the sites of the Agaric Culture to my list. There was so much going on in Iberia during the Bronze Age

[@DanDavisHistory]

Cheers Pete, glad you enjoyed it. Yeah I was holding off making this until I could go to the sites but I couldn't wait any more. La Bastida should be a good visitor experience when it's all done.

[@patriciaalonsoparamo6698]

You could add a visit to Cancho Roano and to La Motilla de Azuer

[@danielgadomski5129]

Thank you so much for this! Prehistoric and ancient Iberia is one of the most underrated historical topics of all. Original people of the Iberian peninsula and their wonderful art, their relations with Celts and Carthaginians, "the boring province" of the Roman Empire, the conquest by German tribes. I don't get why these subjects don't get more attention, but your video is that much more valuable because of that.

[@briseboy]

Did youREALLY bring the tired and dimwit "underrated" Trope here?

[@danielgadomski5129]

@@briseboy Well, I think calling this topic underrated and underused is completely justified. Compare the amount of popscience content (books, videos on YT, TV shows) about ancient Greece, Rome, Britain, Mesopotamia or even China and India, to content about ancient Iberia. There's hardly anything.

[@AlexPReal]

I guess this is probably related to both the Spanish dark legend and that Spaniards are usually not very fluent in English. But in terms of archeology archeology and archeologists it's a treasure trove.

[@Benito-lr8mz]

Yes of course the unknown for foreigners of Pre-foreigners cultures of Spain is impresive normally the civilizations for foreigner KZbin videos in English begining in Román Era or another foreign culture is incredible no known autentic roots of Iberian Peninsula with Iberians ; Tartessians or Celts very advanced cultures demonstred in a large Archeological objects with Lady of Elche and many others objects or historical very important historical facts with Viriatus Hero Lusitanian or brave Iberian Numancia City agaisnt Rome in few exemples

[@captainfury497]

There were hardly any "original Iberians" by the time of Celts. There were only Celt-Iberians and non-CeltIberians at that time. One being descended from the Celts and the others from an ancestral population similar to the Celts. The original Iberian population was kind of wiped out by the Bell beaker invasions long ago.

[@Meowmeter]

As a citizen of modern day Iberian peninsula (Portugal) I found this video fascinating. Thank you

[@M.M.83-U]

A video like this is pure gold. The first proper summary of the El Algar culture. Thank you.

[@joelkurowski7129]

We are very lucky to have someone who covers cultures most other history youtubers don't mention. And to have such high quality videos that are very entertaining to listen to is wonderful. I'm happy every time I see one of these

[@felixdm7724]

Hi Dan - I am an archaeology student at Oxford and I love your videos - the topics are so well researched, narrated, and visually represented that you often surpass the quality of a good lecture here. Keep up the great work!

[@CodeCasanova]

It's amazing how similar their architecture and art was to the ancestral people's where I live in the southwest US. Like the Anasazi, Sinagua, and others separated by 1,000s of years and an ocean. It shows how similar the ingenuity of our ancestors was when they had to deal with similar resources and climate. Really cool!

[@TruthMatters9674]

Exactly, because parts of Spain (and Portugal, where I'm from) have similar weather and geological characteristics to some US states like Arizona or parts of California and Texas. The wildlife differs, but thats about it.

[@santoriniblue8413]

@@TruthMatters9674Like in biological evolution there is a term called "convergent evolution" ... we can make an analogy that regardless of the time frame in a similar environment, culture ends adopting or reaching similar solutions.

[@angyliv8040]

Maybe they came here to Europe before. I’m saying this because of the name of mexico which can come from metxico (Meri and Txico) deities from all iberia. Meri and txico they are know nowadays as basque deities.

[@skellagyook]

True. Kind of similar to that of some West African groups like the Dogon, Tellem, and ancient Toloy (and the ancient towns of Djenne Jeno and Dia) too (and somewhat the Lobi, Gurunsi/Talensi, Bamana, and Soninke - also West African), who also lived/live in a semi-dry rocky environment). It's also like that of some ancient Middle Eastern towns like Jericho in Neolithic Anatolia.

[@hetedeleambacht6608]

i think thats the true meaning of 'fate' ​@@santoriniblue8413

[@kikakirika]

The cultures of Los Millares, El Argar, Los Tartesios e Íberos, as well as Celtics and Celtiberian are ignored by many historians. I'm glad to see how your work brings this period up. I'm from Almería and I have the luck to visit those "ruins" but in the archeological museum of the city (in Almería), you have a permanent exhibition from both cultures, millares and argar. Thanks for this awesome video ❤

[@Firentis]

Both visits (to La bastida, the main city; and La Almoloya, the ruling place) are highly enjoyable. I strongly recommend to do both of them if one is travelling to Murcia region and is into archaeology/ancient history. Cheers from Spain! Un saludo, Mr. Davis. :)

[@Benito-lr8mz]

No eres Español?

[@Firentis]

Sí, ¿por?@@Benito-lr8mz

[@Firentis]

Sí, ¿por? @@Benito-lr8mz

[@waylonholman7119]

Most of Europe has a little Iberian Ancestry, usually in the female side. The Iberian s populated much of the Atlantic seaboard, the 1st farmers. They were widely displaced by the Bell Beaker culture, but as in any mass displacement the fairer sex is allowed to live on in many cases.

[@colinchampollion4420]

On the contrary all European s have Iberian blood-lines especially the Irish and

[@snopure]

I honestly don't think the right terms are used on those DNA results. It's not that most Europeans are "Iberian", as the ancestors may not have been anywhere near Iberian; it's that their more direct descendants are currently concentrated in Iberia.

[@alvarotiradomoreno9605]

Excellent video as always, Dan. You offer your audience very precious insight into so many interesting topics.

[@jessegettingcolorfuldelven8954]

Dan Davis is in the top 3 of my favorite creators. I am always excited when a new one comes out. When I discovered him about a year ago I binged everything made already. Thank you so much Dan & everyone who contributes 💚

[@jezusbloodie]

I couldn't agree more. Firmly in the top. The way he is able to transport me with his storytelling, honest accuracy, visuals and narration to the worlds and lives of peoples and cultures long past to a degree unequalled on KZbin. Can't wait untill I can afford his books and be transposed accross time by this storyteller

[@shantiescovedo4361]

Dan Davis, Cool Worlds, and Anton Petrov for me.

[@jezusbloodie]

@@shantiescovedo4361 damn that's close to my top 3: Dan Davis, Cool Worlds and Isaac Arthur. If I am even able to honestly condense it to only 3 😅

[@shantiescovedo4361]

@@jezusbloodie I think I have listened to almost every Isaac Arthur talk for the last three years, but I typically listen to him as a podcast, while I watch the others as KZbin videos. Cool Worlds has a good podcast now as well. Dan has such a positive feeling to his videos and it makes me wish I could I could spy on these ancient cultures somehow.

[@shantiescovedo4361]

@@jezusbloodie did you see there odd also a new Cool Worlds video today as well?

[@maryhairy1]

Several years ago I completed a DNA testing with heritage & they declared I have 12% Iberian DNA.

[@radomircita9420]

I must say, you are doing great job, sir. I live in Bohemia and I have seen good deal of Urnfield, Unětice, Bell Beaker and other Bronze age artifacts in numerous museums in my country, but you help to bring these cultures to life, to connect the dots. I am sure that if Isaw your videos fifteen or twenty years ago, I would be now somewhere at archeological site digging or at archive sorting finds

[@tonoselectricos]

Hi Dan. I did my kit and, I'm 85% iberian. 12% Sardenian. 3% Finish. I'm from Almería, and I've work in the archeology works from Los Millares. It's a pleasure to me to work in this kind of things. Thank you for your work!!!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Awesome, thanks so much for watching.

[@musashidanmcgrath]

I live about 50 mins from these sites in Murcia. I haven't visited yet, but I'm definitely going to go this summer. Thanks for the vid and inspiration to finally explore these sites. There are so many Roman sites to visit here in Spain that these pre-Roman sites get almost no attention.

[@joaquincruz4918]

Iam Spanish American And love your Video!VIVA ESPANA!

[@thegoldenboah3343]

you love your invaders don't you

[@MsJoanaf]

Iberia isn't Spain Alone you know😅?

[@fernandgutez2383]

@@MsJoanaf- Spain and Portugal are genetically related.

[@torrezno1990]

From Cuba or Puerto Rico?

[@DR_1_1]

Bronze age is the period when all the forests that stood around the Mediterranean sea were cut to provide fire to the forges, build houses and ships, make place for agriculture, etc.. Before that a continuous belt of trees was covering all these shores, a lot of cedar trees (Cedar of Lebanon type), nothing is left now! After this period a civilization crash happened, for hundreds of years the sea people reigned by looting and devastating what was left. Climate is also becoming more and more arid, but this might be coincidental, as it started at the end of the Holocene climatic optimum +6000 years ago (check the "exact" dates!) with the desertification of the Sahara, and it's still going on today.

[@98Zai]

That's actually a really interesting observation. Perhaps the sea peoples would not have been as successful as they were, had there been massive forests blocking their way. And for that matter, maybe the disease and strife that unleashed them would not have been as easily spread.

[@atunaco]

I studied the settlements of the Argar culture in Spanish Art History at the University. As it was an artistic subject, it consisted of describing the places, their timing, the reasons for their geographical position and their establishment on hills.I remember we also talked about the particular burial system inside the houses. The recent genetic discoveries that have allowed us to know about the extinction of male genetic lines throughout Europe had not yet taken place. Anyway the hypotheses of conquest by a nomadic people with a pastoral culture contrasts with the idea of a people focused on the defense of their territory halberd in hand and the cultivation of barley. A most interesting enigma this of the ancient Spanish "alabarderos".

[@Lyrielonwind]

I spent four months in Moscow and I was told it is not well mannered for visitors to stand at the door way because in ancient times they buried their families right at the door way, I guess it was as a form of protection (ancestors protection) but I have not found texts about it. It might have a tradition in other European countries.

[@isoldatraducoes]

Iberia has one of the most abundant layers of history, if not, the oldest region

[@IanEvans]

What a wonderful video. I live in Turre and the ancient site of Gatas is up in the hills behind me. I don't know what remains but I'd love to go and see it but the Siret brothers didn't leave, as far as I know, a clear location. Once again, thank you for your wonderful video.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks very much.

[@raimondsudovenko8611]

Did anyone think that the silver diadem looked very much like sunrise? It would explain why it was upside down on a dead person. Representation of a sunrise in life and sunset in death.

[@utvara1]

Excellent video. Keep this quality content coming.

[@LassiM-wx5cv]

I visited Los Millares recently. Its insane how old it is. I have never felt something like that before.

[@helenamcginty4920]

I read about this culture in the UK Guardian 2 years ago. Fascinating. So good to get an update.

[@riverAmazonNZ]

That diadem style, silver with a disc shape makes me think it might depict the moon (in a stylised way).

[@eh1702]

Yes, me too. I keep trying to figure out which way up it should go, as the photo of the skull showed it moon “down” while illustrations showed it moon “up”. But maybe it varied according to whether someone was of childbearing age, or married or not - or maybe alive or not.

[@CBOANDALUCIA]

No, it was an artistic licence, it was used in the down position.​@@eh1702

[@Padraigp]

It looks so like irish torc to me.

[@barbarycorsair8473]

​@@eh1702 My thoughts exactly, if upside down, the diadem would sit on the nose but not only that, properly polished and reflecting the sunlight, this would make lower class people avoid looking directly at the elite when meeting them. A form of respect and fear.

[@badecnamor]

I recommend a small town called "Baños de la Encina" in the province of Jaén in Andalusia, it is close to some Argaric ruins known as "Peñalosa", and the town also has a huge reddish castle built by the Caliphate of Cordoba more than a thousand years ago, which houses Roman ruins and remains. In addition, one of the town's churches is very modest on the outside, but inside it is a true Rococo gem.

[@locuraromantica]

Very good video, it is rare to find someone from the anglosaxon world interested in a profound divulgation of spanish pre roman cultures. Even big names like Adrian Goldsworthy fail to grasp firmly the culture and history of the peoples that lived here previously to the roman conquest." A mixure of gallic and iberian cultures" he said in his book about the Punic Wars. My god...

[@juanibuscaglia3239]

"Extinguishing the existing male lineages while taking wives from the existing Iberian population" is quite the euphemism

[@Winterascent]

Indo european!

[@grantschiff7544]

And people wonder what our ancestors did to the Neanderthals.

[@TheBigdaddy64]

Ironically, over 1,000+ years later, the Spaniards did the same thing to the native men in the Americas.

[@deathsheadknight2137]

@@TheBigdaddy64 their diseases did at least.

[@allisonshaw9341]

Meaning that EVERY male, infants included, would have been killed. Humanity never ceases to live down to its worst inclinations.

[@eh1702]

The big bowl with the huge, almost-flat shoulder is technically very challenging for professional potters today, not just to construct, but to fire it without it collapsing. They perfected some impressive technique in that long timespan! Change comes at a cost, and an unpredictable cost. If you produce the same 8 items over and over, you know exactly how much clay, what type and mix, and how much fuel is needed. Your broken old pots and firing breakage will also crush down to an exactly consistent grog! You can send a specific number of people to quarry, carry back and process a known amount of clay, and a specific amount of fuel, and time and plan your firing economically. Even your average breakage rate during firing will be known for each item, so you can predict your end quantity quite well. Pottery uses a LOT of fuel. If they did this for hundreds of years, they had to have kept it sustainable. Being conservative with forms would enable them to create a virtuous cycle (and recycle) with very, very little wasteage of resources. Did they have a few “insitutional” potteries (hence lack of decoration?) or did they regulate the forms people were allowed to make, as a way of promoting frugal use of common resources?

[@jamesleonard2870]

Great input!

[@JustGrowingUp84]

@robertolang9684 I think you replied to the wrong comment, mate.

[@eh1702]

@robertolang9684 i am at a loss as to why this is a reply to what I said.

[@brawndothethirstmutilator9848]

@eh1702, Roberto is a troll. Just ignore.

[@Padraigp]

I dont think wood was sparse to find back then. People were clearing areas for farming so would have had plenty of fuel without needing to be sustainable about it. It does seem like a very thin pot for the size of it so much have been difficult to make it ..its surprisingly fine to me. Big flower pots that i buy are usually so much thicker! I'd really love a pot like this in my garden. I wonder if they invented the pots for some other purpose like making lots of soup and then realised they could be used as a burail pot or if they upsized a pot to fit a human in. Its so interesting.

[@anam.9256]

As someone from the zone whos trying to set a story in this time, this video is absolutely wonderful and useful. Thank you so much for your work

[@Padraigp]

Oh wow I'd love to read a story like that. I find history doesn't stay in my brain until i have read a story set in that time and place and then it draws a picture that sticks in my mind. Hopefully when you've finished the story you will post a link to it here.

[@Grimthot]

Great ! I was so pumped the first time i hear about this culture

[@Matt-ni8jh]

Nice to have these videos back again, interesting as always!

[@PaulEcosse]

Love exploring this area. The obvious tourist traps like Fuentes Del Algar and Cuevas Del Canelobre are great, but there is so much more sitting out there on the hills waiting to be discovered.

[@yensid4294]

I really appreciate these videos on Bronze Age central & western European cultures. So much of ancient history content focuses on Egypt/North Africa, The Levant & the Aegean. The UK & Europe are often left out until it involves Rome.

[@NCCorruption]

Hmmm ,Bronze Age halberds are an interesting item. If you have ever spared with one and explored the Bronze Age halberds properties you soon lean that hacking away with it like an axe is a rookie mistake and that they have a lot more going for them. Just the thing for for bypassing shields.

[@arturowagner4728]

Wow! I had never heard of the Argar Culture.... Learned something new today...

[@hammer1134]

Your videos are so awesome man I don’t watch them as often as I would like but when I do I am amazed

[@nnnn3808]

Fascinating topic. I thank you for bringing it up

[@bc7138]

Excellent video! I was aware of the El Algar but knew very little about them, so this video is a fascinating and informative guide. It's interesting to speculate about how much influence the Minoans may have had on the El Algar culture considering the similarity between their buldings. Reminds me of the obviously Greek influence on the Hallstatt culture at Heuneberg. I'm looking forward to seeing more on the Ùnetice Culture in the future too.

[@SkyFly19853]

I must say that's so cool. When the people talk about Bronze Age, Mesopotamia and places close to this part of the World. Nobody really talks about other places having Bronze Age.

[@Agapi-dg7th]

Who was capable to produce bronze,? Greece,cyprus,egypt,after all they have build thevpyramids using coper tools😅😅😅😅😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@SkyFly19853]

@@Agapi-dg7th Well, they had mastered the skills of building almost anything with less and copper...

[@Agapi-dg7th]

@@SkyFly19853 yes you are write, its not too dificult to cut granite with a sharp piece of wood and a wooden hammer,,how old are you skyfly?

[@Agapi-dg7th]

@@SkyFly19853 what other cultures had a bronze age?

[@SkyFly19853]

@@Agapi-dg7th Other Major Civilizations such as ones from Asia...

[@andreiadetavora8471]

I'm portuguese, this was awesome!! Thank you

[@Tusiriakest]

The Portuguese live in the Iberian Peninsula, the peninsula has that name because the greeks first encountered the Iberians when sailing towards the peninsula from greece. But the iberians habitated the southern east of the peninsula, not what’s nowadays Portugal. The portuguese are not ethnic iberians, even though they live in the Iberian Peninsula (the same for galicians or basques)

[@naugladur8534]

My Portuguese brother

[@srantoniomatos]

​@@Tusiriakest what you said...makes no sense. But tanks for making me think about it for a bit.

[@Tusiriakest]

@@srantoniomatos I don't get what doesn't make sense...When the Europens arrived in America, they thought they were reaching India, so they name the natives "indians"...As we now know, it wasn't India, but the name stuck. If someone asks me if native americans have anything to do with India ethnically, I'm gone tell them that, even though the name has a connection, they are not ethnically connected. Same applies with the Iberian Peninsula... The Iberia Peninsula was not full of Iberians... the Iberians were a people that leaved in the southeastern part of the peninsula... When the greeks arrived, they encountered the Iberians and called all of the peninsual "iberian peninsula" but that doesn't make all of the peoples that lived in the Iberia peninsula "iberian" all of the sudden.... The Lusitani and Vettones were (presumidly) pre-indo european non-iberians. The Astures, Catabri, Vaccaei, Carpetanni, Turdilli, etc were indo european celts, not iberian. The Celtiberian were a mixed people of both iberian and celtic descent, like the Gallaici were a probably a mix of pre-indo european peoples and Celtic peoples, while the Turdetani, Vascones and Tartessiani were all groups apart from the other groups...(which means not Iberian). So if I'm missing something, feel free to tell me, since I might be mistaken. But just a "it makes no sense" really surprises me...

[@srantoniomatos]

@@Tusiriakest well, some of what you said now makes more sense...but, think about it: we also call greeks to people who didnt call themself greeks at the time of their bloom. India is also a foreign name (persian/portuguese) and the country it self is mostly a english creation... hinduism is a negative group of religions ifentified by the british sensus (not budhist, not muslim, not jaina, not sikh, not...) China also derives from the "chin" dinasty, who were not equivalente, both etnicaly, cultural and land base to nowdays china. Vasques is mostly a modern creation of national romanticism around a language (eskera) wich most vasques of 3 centuries ago coulnt understand... Lusitanus were not indo european? I mean...everything is mixed for so long, purisms are wrong by default.

[@RicCdelP]

I can’t believe you’re covering my local area. So proud 🥺🥺🥺

[@AlexPReal]

Excellent video! Many thanks! Could you please address Tartessos?

[@reddixiecrat]

That would be awesome

[@Shintenpu]

I'm glad you also made the link with Minoans. This centralization of power is very similar.

[@rolandmor2852]

Es que el análisis de Adn Argarico provenia de las islas centrales del mediterráneo según estudio de Adn oficial. Roberto Risch.

[@Tipi_Dan]

La Dama De Elche: an image of one of the most beautiful women who ever lived. I saw it and empathized with Pygmalion. The bust dates putatively from around 500BC, considerably later than this culture. The contributions of Iberian peoples have been lost, forgotten, and ignored. The Tartessians may have invented the phonetic alphabet and passed it on to the Phoenicians during trading.

[@Artearq7]

No, los tartesios tomaron el alfabeto de los fenicios. Eso es seguro, puesto que antes de la llegada de los fenicios a la península hay inscripciones fenicias en oriente. Es verdad que hay algunos charlatanes que consideran que las inscripciones alfabéticas que se hayan en monumentos megalíticos del bronce probarían una existencia anterior de la escritura en España. Es obvio que esas inscripciones son posteriores a los monumentos en sí. Y probablemente fuesen realizadas por los fenicios o por los propios tartesios.

[@alvorecerdourado6490]

Teoria interessante!

[@paul6925]

I always think of Thulsa Doom in Conan the Barbarian whenever those R1b replacement guys come up in your videos. They seem pretty brutal.

[@eh1702]

There is also something else about R1B1. Rhesus disease. Populations where it is common have a relatively high incidence of rhesus-negative blood groups. If rh- women have a rh+ partner, (especially if he has a double inheritance of the relevant antigen) then these women they have a fair chance of an immune reaction - usually after the first pregnancy - which can severely affect subsequent pregnancies. Without modern medicine, that is. Her immune cells cross the placenta and start attacking the baby’s red blood cells. So what if there were plenty of women that came along with R1B1 males, but took local partners (similar to how the Normans got their feet under the “peace” table after the Conquest). Over just a few generations, their lineages could well die out. No doubt about it, they were…acquisitive and, er, forceful guys. But anyway, it’s a thought.

[@RGRGJKK]

Pura vida Don Dan great part of history of my madre patria .pura vida great content

[@Widsith83]

Thank you! Great as always💫

[@zhcultivator]

cool video sire, please consider making a video about the fort-building hunter-gatherers of Prehistoric siberia

[@Bogey1022]

So exciting! New Davis video!

[@YamiKisara]

Excellent video, Dan, I had no idea this culture existed! I've noticed you read "Únětice" with a "k". Únětice are a village near Prague and it's read with a "c" like in "cycling" or "cider" - Czech is an extremely hard language, so I don't blame you for mixing it up, and you've got the rest of the word quite right ;)

[@pendragonU]

The German town name, _AUJENTITZ_ it used to be much more common to read, in the earlier decades of that culture discovery and studies.

[@YamiKisara]

@@pendragonU that's because we were forced to use German as the official language during that period, the land, however, has always been Czech, and so were the archeologists, so what's your point?

[@theicepickthatkilledtrotsk658]

Great content as always.

[@thehistoryfiles]

That's another 'early cultures' page needed on the History Files site then... Fortunately this one was already in preparation so it's timely enough that you publish such a superb, detailed video about now.

[@TruthMatters9674]

Very well researched and unbiased. I'm Portuguese (from the south of the country) and so we share a similar history and genetic heritage with our Andalucian neighbors. I'd like to note how all of the Iberian male DNA was wiped out clean by the invading Yamnaya men, who also took over the women and killed the native men and their offspring.

[@Benito-lr8mz]

Yamnaya culture a misterious culture is posibly the Ukraine-Russia región the "male ethnic clean" ocurred in vast part of Europe for this misterious culture

[@solveigsolveig2249]

The researcher whose study was the base for that sensationalistic theory was so horrified that it was so misunderstood by the press (“they killed all men!”) that refuses to speak to the press again. He says that it never was a slaughter, but a slow, gradual process that lasted 500 years.

[@pendragonU]

No signs on the hard facts Archaeological records proving such genetical shift by massacres or warfare. Most probably, and easier by economic advantages livestock breeders had, disease or social blockers and rural vs. urban remains found in different proportions. Scant number of remains in those centuries (only around 200 specimens from the 2 millions estimates that lived in 4 centuries in the whole peninsula)

[@KathrynsWorldWildfireTracking]

Ancient ethnic cleansing models are mostly mythical. Being shot down more and more by actual, real evidence. It's a common mistake to think that "oh they killed all the males!" When male DNA becomes absent. In reality; new blood type emergence/ differences seem to be the reason why Denisovans couldn't reproduce well with humans. Merging peacefully with them - explains why we have so much of their DNA in us. Many probably took humans as partners, but without modern science, wouldn't understand why the mother would miscarry and go into preeclampsia due to baby/mother blood type mismatch. This is brand new research. Cutting edge. Remember the ethnic cleansing story/rumor of the Neanderthal dissapperance? (Ironically, here in Iberia?) Well, in today's Portugal the "last refuge of Neanderthals," they found mutations in Neanderthal DNA that made it impossible for male Neanderthals to have a male baby with a female human. It doesn't take more than a few generations of living / merging together as a species for the male DNA to completely disappear. So what about human on human, post advent of civilization migration and violence? Ethnic cleansing is pretty rare in the ancient world. There are no crusades, not much religious fervor/hate... as pagans don't care what other pagans do and believe. Migrants can bring new diseases to populations without immunity. Native Americans did not get wiped out by war. 94% of their population loss - credited to new epidemics. Also - The bronze age is an age of slavery. Very little ethnic cleansing ever existed when people were worth money to sell after battle. Abolishing slavery - had the unfortunate side effect of popularizing ethnic cleansing. More holocausts have occurred in modern times than in the distant past, where it was anomaly. Lastly, people in the crowd of ethnic cleansing have to explain one thing that they can't. It takes pretty much true psychopaths to commit mass murder. That's why Jews had to be sent off to camps, the average German soldier would absolutely refuse orders to make mass graves, and shoot civilians into them. Of those that obeyed, most of them killed themselves. In depression. Our basic human psychology has never changed. Many Romans were ashamed/appalled at what happened to Carthage. Most Roman soldiers did not kill innocents - but the city caught fire, and it became an urban fire storm. Roman hatred was evident, but most couldn't bring themselves to commit mass murder. I feel if the male DNA disappeared, for the bronze age, the most likely explanation is the slave trade. Male slaves are the strongest and the most valuable. Underground mining in the ancient past was very unsafe. That could be key to the mystery here. Bronze. Bronze itself. For the first time in human history, hard rock, underground mining occurs - and must be sustained for modern life. There's a new demand for robust slaves - in quantity. Just like in other cities of the bronze age, the captives become slaves. If the healthiest males and females were shipped off to the mines that would explain pretty much everything. The ones that are beautiful and delicate, those are kept by the captors.

[@Tusiriakest]

I dont think the iberians spread all the way to Portugal =\

[@hugomartins7107]

Orgulho de ser 100% Português! Se sou ibérico, lusitano, celta, visigodo e etc...pouco importa. ❤🇵🇹

[@leemarlin9415]

A thought: Women were buried with more extravagant goods than men so they must’ve been in power. I was born in 1947 and has always found people interesting to observe. One of the things I’ve noticed even as a very young man is that men show their power, authority and wealth through the appearance of their wife. The boss’s wife would have the latest fashion, the finest jewelry, impressive home and drive the latest status vehicle. You get it. The wife was a projection of his power. Do you really think men from the ancient world did not do the same thing.

[@joaoespecial4168]

Good point!

[@solveigsolveig2249]

It’s only like that since the French Revolution, when men decided to stop being peacocks, be discreet (for the sake of keeping their heads) and just let their ladies do the flaunting of their wealth. Women in the Iberian peninsula had a prestigious role even before El Argar; the Millares Culture during Copper Age was led by a queen, the so-called Ivory Lady.

[@EdajjGnilhteen1980]

Once again you bring the best info on old Europe! I'm so glad I subscribed to your channel! Keep up the great work! You rock!

[@richardcook5919]

Wow, I wasn't expecting this! Pretty much everything I know about this culture has had to be via material published in Spanish.

[@jaxellis3008]

Bravo, Mr. Davis. Bravo. Your channel is a treasure as always and i can't wait for your next installment. Will definitely be annoying all my friends again by sharing this video as i share all your others in hopes that the enthusiasm i feel for your subject matter may be transferred to another eager for knowledge and of course entertainment. Thank you again, sir. Greetings from northern Florida!

[@Mr.Skeleton.]

*I’ve never heard of these people or this culture. Shows how much our history is being suppressed. Thank you for bringing this to light, this kind of stuff is why I’m becoming an anthropologist. I love our peoples history. I’m a Spanish and German mixture and I love both sides of my family bc they are so completely different yet both equally beautiful.*

[@xanv8051]

Nah your uneducated even feeding some evil force in your brain some phantom trying to keep you misinformed yeah you don't study enough

[@AlbertaGeek]

How was any of this being suppressed?

[@EresirThe1st]

You've confused not being popular with suppression

[@Benito-lr8mz]

Y vives en Islandia?🤔

[@macrosense]

It is not suppressed, it is merely something most people have very little interest in.

[@TheBigdaddy64]

Excellent documentary, Dan. It is interesting that the Tartessian culture ended abruptly as well many centuries later.

[@bartolomeestebanmurillo4459]

Talk about convergent architecture, their buildings resemble those made by native cultures in the Southwestern U.S. I guess similar environments yield similar cultures in a sense.

[@KnightsWithoutATable]

The DNA giving us the genetic heritage told us so much about the culture and its history that we would have had to guess at. It is so useful and amazing that we can get that out of people's remains from so long ago and they can tell us about their ancestors and children.

[@JaredUA]

Thank you so much for videos about Trypillia culture! 🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦

[@Antaragni2012]

Brazilian here. Thanks for this video!

[@reddixiecrat]

You need to do a video on Tartessos

[@Benito-lr8mz]

One of the possibly location of legendary Atlantis

[@reddixiecrat]

@@Benito-lr8mz The most logical location in my opinion. Plato says it was buried under mud and we know that the Guadalquivir Marshes used to be a lagoon. This would have made a perfect harbor for trade flowing through the Pillars of Hercules.

[@jelkel25]

Hadn't heard of the El Argar Culture before, very much enjoyed this. The Etruscans were big on their walled hill cities, i wonder if there was a connection? Beyond the obvious hard work that goes into your videos your enthusiasm for the topics is in your voice. Very well done!!!!

[@jezusbloodie]

9:22 by that stunning 3D reconstruction of Rani Mendez, I imagine that the roof terraces, maybe interconnected by wooden (temporary) walkways and partally covered to provide shade, could host a quite vibrant and communal open urban space. although the hierarchical nature of building a settlement on a triangular slope of s hill is undeniably, the whole agglomeration might not be as private and closed off as the foundations seem to imply. But idk, grain of salt im not an expert

[@jezusbloodie]

Watching further, I can imagine that having much of daily life occuring on the roofs, help in exerting social control, by people having more eyes on each other

[@jezusbloodie]

Finishing this video, I do agree that much of this controlling society probably stayed withing the buildings....

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

Fascinating, thank you, I had never heard of this culture.

[@alejandrove3589]

Very good video as usual. Just one correction, Dan: that Tiara of the thumbnail was looking downwards. That's the way it was found on the burials, and there were traces of veils on them so it's clear. They weared them downwards to keep those veils in place around the head, as much as an ornament. You can research that yourself and confirm it. Signed - a Spanish aficionado of the Bronze Age.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you. There is some debate on which way they were worn. Reconstructions show wearing it downward doesn't fit properly over the nose. Some believe the diadem was inverted in death - as death is an inversion of life, like the setting of the sun or moon - and worn upwards in life.

[@RaisinBran-ir4iq]

I highly encourage people to research their family trees, and get a DNA test. Like Dan, my ancestry was mostly UK, Scotland, Germanic and Scandinavian. Through genealogy I found out my ancestors migrated to America almost 500 years ago, but my earliest recorded ancestor was a knight under William the Conquerer in the Battle of Hastings, and my 5x great grandfather was a 2nd lieutenant in the Revolutionary War. Finding this stuff is easier than you think....like most things, getting started is the hardest part!

[@tauIrrydah]

I love it when we find evidence of environmental collapse in the bronze age and later due to intensive farming. For example like the scottish highlands that never came back after they were deforested. And right now, right NOW in europe farmers are having a conniption about new agricultural rules that are designed to prevent soil exhaustion. Like Francoise, you're not better than a bronze age farmer. You just have a tractor instead of oxen.

[@NCCorruption]

I have just finished Godborn. An absolute tour de force. The modern reader is effortlessly transported to the prehistoric steppe and taken on a voyage of discovery through the moral, social and technological dimensions of the prehistoric world, with just enough low key Conan style supernatural elements to render an entertaining and riveting story.

[@jamesleonard2870]

Loved this one! 🌊🏄‍♂️🪷 there’s another Spanish culture that the famous sculpture of a woman with the giant disc headdress? Love to find out more about them too. That sculpture is so iconic!

[@brianfoxworthe]

🤔 The Lady of Elche?

[@Benito-lr8mz]

Iam Spanish its Lady of Elche sculpture over 5 B.C century a Iberian civilization a authoctone culture and many others similar sculptures in National Archeological Museum in Madrid i haven see her many times abroad the known of authóctonous Spanish cultures Iberians;Tartessians is very very poor; for the vast part of foreigners the civilization in Spain begining in Román era or other foreigners Mediterránean cultures ; Hispanophobia for Spanish Black Legend could be.

[@solveigsolveig2249]

That’s from the second Iron Age, it’s an Iberian sculpture, specifically from the area populated by the Contestani (an Iberian people) The name of the town of Cocentaina derives from them. They have found several other similar sculptures in nearby areas, but none as nice as that! The Madrid Archeological museum refuses to give it back to Valencians with ludicrous excuses. It has now joined a list of items still pending to be ‘decolonized’. Fingers crossed!

[@pendragon6207]

Excellent stuff, as always. Hands down my favourite history channel on youtube. Keep it up!

[@caesarmendez6782]

The El Argar culture wasn't the only one in Iberia. What other cultures inhabited Iberia & what was El Argar's relationship to them?

[@sonjamorren9566]

Thank you for this! I live in Benidorm, about an hour and half drive away. I've visited Lorca, they have an amazing tower and medieval week. I've not heard of El Argar till now and it's on our list of places to visit during our holidays ❤❤

[@mili6580]

It is kinda ironic because unlike west. mediterranea Iron Age mining-based ibero-nuragic kingdoms as Tartessos and possibly Atlantis; Los Millares and El Argar actually left more concrete evidences of their existence, I wonder if they are somehow related to oriental myths about wealthy mining-based kingdoms in Western Mediterranean, as Tarshish in the Bible.

[@alfredmoreno2895]

Lo mejor que he visto de la cultura Argarica, muchas gracias.

[@FionaAstrologer]

Great video, thank you. I am from Ireland but have about 15% Iberian DNA. I wonder if these people were my ancestors

[@CBOANDALUCIA]

Probably not. Ireland and Spain has a very, very long relationship. During the horror of the Irish Famine, the second European places to emigrates for the Irish was Spain. You could be a descendant of a marriage of an Irish and a Spanish who came back from Spain to Ireland. If you has a 15%, it could be one of your grandparents...

[@filipasales9291]

The Celts are now proven to have come from Iberia up and not the reverse. That's a possibility as well.

[@mikef.1000]

What a great account of a culture I'd never heard of! Many thanks from Australia.

[@christianfrommuslim]

The settlement style and burial locations remind me of the Ba'ja culture in Jordan, which was about 10,000 years earlier.

[@shantiescovedo4361]

More like 5,000, right?

[@christianfrommuslim]

@@shantiescovedo4361 Well, I rechecked my source and that's what it says, but you know how these dates change...

[@JanoTuotanto]

@@christianfrommuslim 10 000 years ago . a.k.a 7000 BC = ca 5000 years earlier

[@manuelpinto4809]

@@JanoTuotanto Se creo hace 10000 años y fue abandonado hace 8000 años. Eran unas 500 personas y se dedicaban a fabricar pulseras para hacer comercio con ellas con los pueblos vecinos. Eran cazadores recolectores y artesanos de pulseras.

[@TemplarX2]

Clay/mud is such a beautiful and magical building material. Clay buildings just feel right.

[@dhm7815]

Like me, you're Norwegian. There are fjords in Norway with people with straight black hair who don't look a bit Teutonic. They are Iberians. They are from a migration to Norway at the end of the Ice Age (my guess). There are no legends or myths or words because their culture was completely absorbed into Scandinavian culture.

[@adamnesico]

Or maybe they are just descendants of european cavemen or from the sami?

[@JOSE-m3x2t]

Not all Spanish look the same. My grandfathers were blonde and blue eyed, also my cousins and uncles I have friends redhaired, and all of them are Spanish from Northwest Spain. The first european blue eyed man was found in North west Spain.

[@CBOANDALUCIA]

Thank you for finally took the El Argar culture and made this video. As a way to open the door for the English speaking people it's very good, but I think I should say a few things: silver had some special meaning for the aristocrats, so they used it a lot, as a status simbol, and the diadems were used in down position, not with the disc up. That's diadems has more special details: all of the ones founded were of the exact size and form, like made with a mold, and from the same place (and silverwork) in El Argar (if my memory don't mistake the city). It would be interesting to show the Lorca mummy, but I know you must to summarize a lot. And about the La Bastida walls, they also had an hide water collector, it was an incredible engineer work. Well, thank you again. Now, you should study the "wells forts" from the Central Spain area, very interesting and great buildings too. More work for the list!

[@anacasanova7350]

Hispania tranquila con los romanos?.....😂😂😂 se tardaron 200 años en pacificarla, hasta Julio César tuvo que venir a Hispania para reducir a los cántabros, al final acabaron siendo amigos hispanos y romanos hasta hoy 😅 Francia fue Conquistada en 2 años por Julio César. 😊

[@basilbrushbooshieboosh5302]

Will definitely watch every one of your upcoming vids Dan. Seen them all so far. Magnificent expose.

[@starrmont4981]

Babe wake up, new bronze age lore just dropped

[@BeYourselfMan]

Absolutely FANTASTIC video. You are 100% getting my subscription. Big hug from Portugal.

[@redcapetimetraveler7688]

Great food for thoughts... this concept of commodification of barley, and corrolated to it the commodification of the lower classe's workforce. So the choice of barley was made not because of being the best food availabe but because it was easy to storage and controle. Those concepts of monopolistic controles of food work and people by an oligarchic elite were/are so effective that they are still in use novadays when the big grocery store companies controle foods and prices more than the peasants who produce the raw food (even if they demonstrate their anger right now) !!!

[@98Zai]

Yeah, the presence of fortified storage rooms inside the heavily fortified hilltop villages definitely makes it look like they were not just fortified against an enemy entity, but also against it's own inhabitants. To have power, you must preside over something important.

[@louiscervantez1639]

Excellent! Even more interesting since I live in Spain .

[@ThePauloVJCastilho]

It is always the same everywhere: granaries, stables and/or pens, workshops, jewery, sometimes extensive goldwork for symbolic or religious purposes. All of this done by societies which never met. We are apes with weird instructions in our DNA.

[@manuelpinto4809]

People have been traveling and trading for thousands of years, some were itinerant throughout the known world. Ideas, concepts and innovations are transmitted from one place to another. But some people arrived at the same design despite being separated or isolated.