Why Cadences are Crucial for How Music Feels

Musical examples from Breath of the Wild of the thing beginning composers don't pay enough attention to: cadences.
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This video explores the importance of cadences in music composition, breaking them down into three categories: authentic cadences (perfect and imperfect), half cadences, and deceptive cadences. We look at examples from the game 'The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild' and learn how to use them to create balance, tension, and surprise. We also explore how to use a deceptive cadence and how to create a powerful resolution.
#musictheory #composition #cadence
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[@RyanLeach]

🎨 How to Turn C Major into Anime Harmony kzbin.info/www/bejne/epS1Xn6XndR6l8k

[@rasmusn.e.m1064]

Dude, ending on a diminished chord is such a chad move! For real though, that sounded awesome!

[@RyanLeach]

Ha thanks

[@birb7271]

@@RyanLeach chad 😂

[@DJVipFlash]

02:27 "Ravioli's Theme" I love it

[@zackbuildit777]

Pasta bird

[@taxtengo7427]

I'm happy that you touched upon the rhythmic side of cadences. I feel that rhythm and form should be much more central themes in today's (beginner) music theory discourse.

[@RyanLeach]

I definitely need to do some more videos on the importance rhythm

[@_mickmccarthy]

For sure, I think part of it is that it's much harder to teach (at least in a passive fashion such as using videos online). But it's definitely not given enough attention IMO

[@Jolgeable]

Here in Brazil, there are many music genres that have rhythm as one of the defining elements. There are even religions (such as Umbanda or Candomblé) that have rhythm as a very important thing. Unfortunately I never had the opportunity to take music lessons, I only learned a little theory by reading a few books and I learned some stuff out of curiosity and taking notes by listening to records, but I don't know anyone in my neighborhood who has studied theory either, who I could talk to. I would love to see a video about rhythm.

[@_mickmccarthy]

The BotW soundtrack is utterly wonderful, always happy to see videos discussing it! Edit: Not sure if was autocorrect or just shots fired at Revali (perfectly warranted IMO), but that's a great typo at 2:27!

[@RyanLeach]

I’m always happy to have an excuse to do something involving BoTW

[@ThatPigeon00]

i didnt even notice that lol. me and my sister call him ravioli unironically, idk how we started it i dont remember.

[@jarlwhiterun7478]

​@@ThatPigeon00 my sister and I*

[@Clover298]

@@jarlwhiterun7478 who cares?

[@zachary963]

That resolution to the diminished chord was surprisingly powerful and gut wrenching. Nice.

[@PrestonThePianist]

I greatly appreciate you showing both the sheet music and piano visualizer when demonstrating the pieces of music! Makes playing along and analyzing the songs so much easier.

[@tabby7189]

Notably, the D-flat chord you referenced is better analyzed as an inverted G7 chord with flat 3rd and 5th, which shows why we parse it as a dominant.

[@cameroncavender]

This is by far the greatest and most helpful explanation of cadences I've ever seen

[@cfthompson]

Always appreciate any analysis of Zelda music I can get!

[@Bitimi]

Awesome video with easy to understand explanations! It’s awesome to see you use video game music as examples in a lot of your videos. BOTW has some awesome tunes to choose from, so that’s always a plus.

[@mbaldwinlobue]

I agree with Derek elsewhere in the comments, your production and editing keep getting better and better. You found non-generative alternatives for visual interest, really well done. I particularly enjoyed the image from the "Sending Bokos to Outerspace" video (a pretty fun video also 🙂) and just perfectly placed in your narrative. Also, the care with which you chose the clips from the BOTW shows both the time you took and how well you know that game, lol. I also really appreciate the time you take to respond to questions and comments, even giving links to where folks can find things like the OST from Final Fantasy. Lastly, thanks for doing a good job of calling out the material you pull inspiration and info from, like Alan Belkin's work and in this video Cedric Davie's Musical Structure and Design. You are really helping to fill out my music library and source materials for study.

[@RyanLeach]

Thanks Mark, I had a lot of fun making this one and I'm glad it came through

[@xenoriki251]

The long awaited Cadence video

[@RyanLeach]

Ha, thanks for waiting!

[@habama1077]

Not much to say, other than: Great video. Informative, well articulated and presented, neatly edited with both visual and audio demonstrations. Well paced, assumed just the right amount of knowledge to go into the topic.

[@RyanLeach]

Thanks!

[@niwona_]

This is great. I would love to see a video on some of the best fighting game music composers and marrying playstyle to composition

[@DereBear]

FanTASTIC editing! Makes the video come to life

[@mr88cet]

This is a great reminder video! Thanks. I’m currently writing a short, vaguely-Sonata-like-form movement for wind quintet. Truthfully, it’s intended much more just as an exercise for learning Dorico than a “serious composition.” However, its harmonic movement is faster than usual for me. There are cadences, but they don’t really rest much. The “temporary stasis” is more “temporary” than “stasis”! However, that’s evolved into something of a secondary goal for this composition, so I’m finding myself learning about more than just Dorico!

[@KcDaugirdas]

It's been inspiring to see your channel grow so much dude! I enjoy tuning in and seeing what you make. I would say the 2nd cadence example is a stretch for A.C., considering it's a minor v to i... Definitely a different, modal flavor. Though I know you are stretching common practice period analytical language to accommodate a wider range of genres, so maybe some cheating is OK :)

[@danvince2360]

That last chord in Daruk's Theme is basically a minor key Neapolitan Chord (except the 3rd is usually in the bass) which in Classical music is usually used to set up the Dominant. bIImaj7#11 is also a common voicing in flamenco, though it's usually Fmaj7#11.

[@christofyre]

This was surprisingly educational! Great job presenting some intermediate level music theory in a way that is graspable even for beginners! I look forward to checking out more of your videos.

[@Minewitcher2]

I'm so glad BOTW is getting the recognition of how amazing its music is!!

[@avationmusic]

Wow I needed this video many years ago, but I’m very happy to have found it now. Nice🙂

[@BellXllebMusic]

Wow that movie cadence you did sounded amazing

[@MuzixMaker]

On the cusp of 100k subs. Damn glad to be on of them!

[@RyanLeach]

Thank you for being one of them!

[@gigogrom216]

Finally someone brought up this topic

[@nathanmaxwell1195]

Super well done!

[@bumblebeef952]

Enjoyed this analysis of some of the BoTW soundtrack! I love listening to the music as I play.

[@liamcullen3035]

THANKYOU - I finally understand what cadences are, after hearing about them for so long! Also, I am a huge fan of Ravioli's Theme :P

[@tymime]

One of my pet peeves is when a chord progression feels like it repeats endlessly without any resolution, so I appreciate this

[@Gaut201]

Wow, this is very clean and helpful work ! Here sir, have my sub !

[@TheRoseFloyd]

TL;DW (backed by Laiz's complete musician): A cadence is the end point of a sentence, whether it is conclusive or not. authentique cadence (AC) ends in V I Half cadences (HC) ends in I perfect authentic cadence (PAC) soprano does 2-1 or 7-8 and bass 5-1 imperfect authentic cadence (IAC) soprano ends in 5 or 3 contrapunctal cadence (IAC too) if the bass does something which is not 5-1, like 7-8 or 2-1

[@mypianoschannel]

Thanks a lot for your work, it opens me an all new world !

[@RyanLeach]

You’ve got me thinking I should do an Alan Menken video soon

[@mypianoschannel]

@@RyanLeach Hope to see that !

[@SoraiaLMotta]

thanks. as a beginner it was easy to follow trough.

[@Jon_Music-uv4vb]

Thanks for mentioning the book "Musical Structure and Design" by Cedric Thorpe Davie. I just purchased it, and it seems great so far. It might be cool for you to make a video identifying, as few as possible, a set of books that would be useful to beginning composers.

[@CarlineFrancois]

Thank you for the video on cadence.🎶🎵🎶

[@gavinleepermusic]

Loved this, Ryan!

[@RyanLeach]

Thanks, I had fun making this one!

[@cabijista1]

Great video! I feel like I should point out though, that the half cadence chord in Daruk’s theme is technically not Dbmaj #11, if it were it would have the 5th “Ab”, and 7th “C”, and 9th “Eb”. Db add#11 is closer as then you don’t need the 7th and 9th, but the chord still contains Bb the “6th”, not a 5th as it would with the Db add #11 (or the 5th can be omitted, but still, not a 6th). What it actually is, is a G-7b5 in 2nd inversion, the notes of G-7b5 being G, Bb, Db, and F - which are indeed the exact notes of the chord in question, but with the Db in the base, hence 2nd inversion. This works as a half cadence because it is still a V chord, but the chord quality has been altered from Dominant to half-diminished. Furthermore, the b2 root is a common substitute for a V as seen by its ubiquitous use in tritone substitution, so our ear accepts it well.

[@cabijista1]

@Guy Dude I think you’re coming at this from a very jazz perspective where chord symbols on charts are freely allowed to be reinterpreted in many different ways, and that’s totally fine. And I agree that naming by function is important, though you seem to be implying by your example that if the half dim chord is not part of some cyclic 2 5 1 based progression than it is not functioning as such (which again is a very jazz way of thinking, and not applicable to more classical theory, see the 2nd chord in the “dance of the sugar plum fairies” for example). But I’m just stating EXACTLY what the chord actually is. It is not a major#11 because it does not contain all the essential constituent notes of a major #11 chord. There is no other way to name this chord with these exact notes than Gmi7b5/Db (or 2nd inversion or however you want to say it). If you try to name this chord from the Db root you would have to call it something like Db6 add#11 which is not a chord that is used in common jazz or classical theory jargon (and it misleading implies the presence of an Ab). And the only reason you should ever name a chord with some kind of strange name is if the chord in question cannot be named using conventional theory jargon. In this case though, everyone knows what a half dim chord is. Everyone knows what an inversion is. So that’s what you name it. Put another way, if you did a theory exam and the question was “name this chord: ‘Db F G Bb’” and you wrote down “Dbmajor #11” as your answer, you would fail that question. It’s really as simple as that.

[@TheoPhysics495]

In UK music theory, a Rest cadence is known as a Perfect cadence, and a Half cadence is known as an Imperfect cadence. It took me a while to understand why you were calling a V-I cadence an imperfect cadence!

[@MCSCMusic]

Thanks. I was kinda confused with these US vs U.K. music theory terms. Also, deceptive cadence is interrupted cadence. The video didn’t mention about plagal cadences. Unsure if it’s the same term used in the US or not.

[@DereBear]

@@MCSCMusic i believe it is. A plagal cadence over here is a IV - I

[@Nynodon]

THIS IS WHAY I'VE BEEN MISSING! My compositions always feel wandering and unfinished because I always forget to write cadences. Thank you so much for this video!

[@PaulGordonBusby]

Don't worry. I've been writing music for 50 years and never even considered the concept of cadences. Instead, go by your ear, and try and come up with an interesting chord progression. Too much attention to things like cadences leads to cliched writing.

[@Maciej-Komosinski]

@@PaulGordonBusby Indeed! Nowadays you see rules for everything... painting, writing poems, composing, chord progression rules etc. etc. But if oneself is sensitive to some form of art, they do not need rules... rules are generalizations of art forms that were already created, and IMO a real artist does not need them. Rules may help to understand, analyze or classify art, but should not be required in the process of creation unless the creator lacks sensitivity or feeling.

[@idealfather3547]

Cadences are pretty much the only thing I remember from my courses in music theory. Don't know the correct english terms but I especially remember what would literally translate to "deceptive cadence" and "elliptical cadence". And something called "Classic Vienna cadence".

[@palmereldrich]

Cadence tempo intervals and SUBJECT matter are the 'story' and are the what and how of lasting music, and is what i have learned as a neophyte musician. Never thought i could play but what do ya know. STORY/SUBJECT Tempo and cadence Time and refrain Chorus Rinse lather and repeat. Opus made.

[@drewdrew1301]

All your videos on different kinds of harmony and non-diatonic chords have been extremely helpful for me, but I was wondering if you might make a video on modulation... I've been incorporating everything I can from your videos into my music so far and it's made my compositions far more satisfying and less basic/boring, but this topic always seems to get glazed over. Perhaps that's because it's assumed that it's a fairly basic thing in composing and I just need to study theory more seriously. But as it is, whenever I feel like the next thing I should do is build upon or re-energize a theme in a new key, I can never figure out how to get there. Thanks for all your help! Please keep making all this great and informative content for beginners like me!

[@RyanLeach]

It's not that's it's considered too basic, modulation can actually be a difficult topic for people to wrap their heads around. You're right I am due for a video on the topic!

[@tdesq.2463]

If you meant "basic" as a "fundamental" component, then you may be right. But, as Ryan said, it's upper level material.

[@mr88cet]

4:05 - Indeed, in my view at least, the harmony going V-I mostly just gives a sense of progression. It doesn’t produce an effect of resolution unless the harmonic rhythm also pauses there.

[@Pureishant]

beautifully explained, though many things went above my head. I need to work more 🤯

[@eponawarrior7492]

Db69 chord. Nice 😎

[@codyw1023]

im glad this channel exists and that i stumbled upon it😛

[@Lyy0n]

Loved this video, great use of the botw soundtrack!

[@MCSCMusic]

I think it will be a cool video idea to do US vs U.K. Music Theory Terms, why it’s different and where these terms originated from.

[@michaeltilley8708]

You rock, thank you! Tiny quibble-at 2:39 should be v - i

[@robertwalker2052]

One piece of classical piano music ends on a dominant seventh tonality. It is the Prelude op. 28, no. 23, by Frederick Chopin. It is odd, but then followed immediately by the dramatic closing Prelude in d minor.

[@bazookaman1353]

I love finding new music theory channels.

[@amusicment4829]

This is great, thanks!

[@etherneedle]

F minor (aeolian) and A major (Ionian) are the same key to me, they use the same notes and are just two modes of one scale.

[@whisperingsolace]

Love this dude ❤

[@RyanLeach]

Thanks!

[@monkeyrilla]

Havent played Breath of the Wild but my goodness the music is amazing. Stockkk

[@80sMeavyHetal]

2:55 Could you explain what happens here, it sounds so beautiful.. Great video, love to see why music makes you feel certain ways!

[@RyanLeach]

Sure. After the C chord that I talk about in the video, it goes to Bb, which is the bII of Am. It's borrowed from the Phrygian mode, which we actually see used in a few other themes in this video. Must be a common thread in the BOTW music! Part of why it works so well is that there's this loooong descending bass line from that C all the way to the final cadence. C - Bb - Am - Am/G - F - E

[@ZayaMillis]

I don't read music so I very much appreciate the piano role!

[@Doty6String]

The graphics are looking a lot better!

[@GloomSonic]

I'm not sure if I'm mistaken but as I'm practicing the information from this video I noticed that Ravali's Theme ends with a "v i" and not a "V i"? Subbed btw :)

[@lawrence78]

Weirdly enough deceptive cadence feels like home to me? But the "home" chord feels deceptive. Maybe is because I got so used to hearing chord progressions like that since I do it pretty often in my music production

[@dennisdesormier6886]

This video was good overall. I like how you draw out Big Concepts, both connected to and despite any details. The emphasis in your videos is great teaching in that regard. Most of the examples are good, too, and it's certainly fun that you pulled them all from Breath of the Wild. That said, I do disagree on two examples. Your example in Kass's Theme is the end of a sub-phrase, not a cadence, so that section of the video is not as illustrative as it might have been. Also, Revali's Theme is a missed opportunity: the cadence to F minior probably *sounds* (to most ears) like a deceptive cadence; there's an (intentional) feeling of it not being *fully* resolved all but the last time we hear it, and that aligns well with the story line it's punctuating. And the LAST time we hear that theme, it cadences on an F major chord instead, sort of a "compromised" but stronger feeling of resolution.

[@ulfsvensson9710]

very interesting and importent.

[@someperson8666]

just wanna say, youre way better at teaching me cadences than my actual music theory teacher

[@Ph_Blais]

Hey Ryan, great video as usual, thanks for being always so clear and structured! I was wondering, where do you get these video game scores? Do you translate by ear? Same goes for the playbacks, are they yours (from your daw which I guess is Dorico) or are they from the original soundtrack?

[@RyanLeach]

Sometimes by ear, sometimes I see if someone has saved me the trouble and already done a transcription. A good resource is www.ninsheetmusic.org And in this case all the recordings are from the original soundtrack

[@RyanLeach]

btw my DAW is Logic, I only use Dorico for notation not production

[@Ph_Blais]

@@RyanLeach thx! Id there an official digital version of the soundtrack that can be purchased? Only thing I found is a 5 CD pack in Japanese

[@RyanLeach]

@@Ph_Blais it’s all available to listen to on KZbin

[@brythkaltaris]

"Ravioli's Theme"

[@maddies7555]

The “Hudson moves out” had me dead every time it played 💀

[@lavasoup2973]

2:28 Ravioli's theme 😂

[@indikasampath5440]

I literally wrote it down..thanks

[@coleharbak]

Love BoTW music! Thank for the analysis :)

[@jordanj9069]

I definitely think it’s best to determine whether you’ve established a cadence in an existing chord progression based on your ear and not with music theory I say that as someone who’s all aboard the theory train and studies it every day. You may not have a V-I, IV-I - hell, you may not even resolve to the I at all. And yet, your progression may be complete. The less you use these very, very well established cadences that have been used in countless pieces, the less you sound generic

[@cl9826]

Excuse you but at 1:51 that is a minor 5 to minor i it does not have the raised leading tone like a perfect cadence 😢

[@DimitrijeBeljanski]

You scored "Šišanje"?!! Wow, small world... :)

[@RyanLeach]

I even got to go to Belgrade for the premiere!

[@sarahaprincesa]

Wow👏🏻

[@Autists-Guide]

Thank you. This helped me understand a philosophical paper from 1878. I know, right?

[@danielduplat4257]

Scarbo in the thumbnail 🤝

[@SparkyMK3]

Not video game related, but in the ending of the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episode "A Canterlot Wedding: Part 1", composer Daniel Ingram cleverly uses the Deceptive Cadence for a pun. For context, the whole episode builds up to making us think the new character Princess Cadence is evil and will be exposed as such, only for the protagonist Twilight Sparkle to seemingly be proven wrong...only for Cadence (or rather, an imposter disguised as her) to pull the rug out on her (and the audience) when no one else is around by revealing that she really is evil and fooled everyone. As the episode concludes, the music outright ends with a Deceptive Cadence.

[@alirezayousefirad]

Hi, At the end of video you call D7b9 as the 5 chord of Gminor scale Isn't wrong? Because Dm is the fifth chord of that key?!

[@RyanLeach]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/i5WvammIq9-EsKc

[@BlackHermit]

4:33 "IN CONTEMPORARY MUSIC"

[@povilasl5383]

Amazing video! I have question though, how do you tell the difference between an imperfect and a deceptive cadence? Is it the melody (whether it uses the relative minor or the major key root note as the note in the melody)? To me it essentially is the same whether you write it as the i of the relative minor or the vi of the major key

[@RyanLeach]

The feeling of rest versus surprise. The key word in "Imperfect Authentic Cadence" is "authentic", the fact that we've come back home harmonically.

[@alirezayousefirad]

Can we use cadences for modes too?

[@RyanLeach]

Yes but the chord choices are a bit different. I don’t have a video for it but try searching for “cadence chords in modes”

[@alirezayousefirad]

@@RyanLeach thanks ❤️

[@forgetheaven]

hey i did not watch yet this video but does it mean that authentic cadence means that you dont end your "16/16" loop with same notes so it does not sound like boring loop, but it has some progression. am i clueless or did i understand from first sentences what you meant

[@forgetheaven]

Also giving different vibes about track. i dont directly mean major and minor but i mean how the sound feels... it can feel alot of more than just happy or sad. i mean it can sound mystic or agressive or like anything between sad and happy. just

[@forgetheaven]

im person who have 0.0001% music theory, but i have quite sharp understanding how tones "feel"

[@hcesarcastro]

Where would you fit the plagal cadence?

[@RyanLeach]

under Davie's categories probably "rest"

[@melorams22]

Im in a C major scale , lets say i play a C chord in root position; but play a G note in the lower octave, do i still have the quality of a C chord or a G chord ? would it be leaning toward the quality of the I of the scale or the V of the scale?

[@RyanLeach]

Root position means you have the root in the bass (aka on the bottom), so if instead you put G on the bottom then you aren't in root position anymore. Instead you'd have a second inversion chord. More info -> kzbin.info/www/bejne/j3OrimBmotJ-oaM

[@melorams22]

@@RyanLeach an inverted C chord with G in the bass is still a 1 chord right ? but why do we do inversions tho? it changes the quality of the chord ; sometimes it becomes another chord. I just wanna know when i do inversions; it wouldnt change the purpose of the chord; because every chord has its use

[@RyanLeach]

@@melorams22 Yes if there's a note other than the root in the bass you put Chord/Bass Note, so C/G in your case. And yes C/G is still a one chord but it feels a bit different. There are a bunch of reasons to do inversions, mostly to make the bass line more interesting or more melodic

[@melorams22]

@@RyanLeach thanks man , great musical content btw. I always watch them

[@mrrodgers5871]

In Ravioli's theme, you've got a C minor7 going to F minor. The C isn't a dominant chord, so it can't be a perfect authentic cadence.

[@RyanLeach]

Ah good catch. The V should actually say v. In which case some would even call it a Plagal Cadence but that’s ridiculous to me, how the moment functions in the form and the degree of resolution is the what matters

[@CalebePriester]

How do you find these video game scores? Do you learn the composition by ear and write your own score or you find them on the internet? I'm asking because I'm trying to learn the OST from the first Final Fantasy game for the NES, but I have to learn them by ear. I wish I could find the score and make it easier on me.

[@RyanLeach]

www.ninsheetmusic.org/browse/series/FinalFantasy

[@RyanLeach]

I do a lot of these by ear, but that link is a handy resource too

[@RenanteNate]

how do you classify this cadence. Instead of the ii-V-I, it gets ii-V-VI. e.g Dm- G- AM7.

[@RyanLeach]

Deceptive

[@RenanteNate]

@@RyanLeach but deceptive cadence examples on several texts and theories revolve around V going to vi i.e. G --> Am. How about G --> A major seventh with two stray notes. Just like the ending chords of Lately by Stevie Wonder

[@RyanLeach]

@@RenanteNate vi is the most common but it doesn't have to be. Per Wikipedia: "A cadence is called 'interrupted', 'deceptive' or 'false' where the penultimate, dominant chord is not followed by the expected tonic, but by another one, often the submediant." Often the submedient but not exclusively

[@SuperEgo19]

Ravioli?

[@bravingbrivatebrian]

I love raviolis theme

[@adrienneclark]

Using BOTW to make me study for my theory test is a genius move

[@gaopinghu7332]

How about plagal cadences, though?

[@RyanLeach]

I agree with William Caplin who thinks Plagal Cadences are misnamed because they are more decoration than punctation

[@gaopinghu7332]

@@RyanLeach ok, thanks.

[@ethanmulvihill7177]

Shout out to my boy mr Plagal ✊🏻

[@Unelith]

Thanks for this video, I've been waiting for this topic to come up! Mostly because I have a question that I've been struggling with for quite some time now: How, if at all, does one use cadences in non-standard harmonies? Major scale and Harmonic Minor scale are a trivial case, because the fifth chord is Major, but that's not the case in, say, Dorian mode, where it's a Minor chord instead. And then there's that harmony based on chromatic mediants (I'm not sure what's the name - it's the hollywood one where you move by thirds) - there seems to be no fifth chord at all in such harmony.

[@RyanLeach]

Focus more on the sense of punctuation and the feelings of rest, incompleteness and surprise, rather than the specific details of the chords. bVII to i in Dorian will give a feeling of rest, for example

[@Unelith]

@@RyanLeach Thank you so much for the answer!

[@MicahWWW]

2:34 just realized it says ravioli instead of revali.

[@noahnaugler7611]

Evidently I process music differently, though perhaps that is a consequence of language rather than music

[@yotacharapone5341]

nice

[@josuevalar6465]

How did you know I wanted to make music?? I never spoke to my cellphone about it xD

[@AntonioBrandao]

I don’t understand anything

[@amarachiduru20]

Cl

[@AntonioBrandao]

@@amarachiduru20 also don’t understand CI

[@johnmcallistermusic]

The true intrigue comes from how we get to each cadence. "The piece is in C minor........mostly............"

[@ninja_baseball_bat_man]

Ravioli’s theme 🧑‍🍳

[@christophernadar2572]

While I wish minor v’s counted as PACs, they don’t within western classical music. Without a leading tone we’re really in F aeolian

[@RyanLeach]

Yes, this is a correct spotting of an error. What I get when I make videos too quickly!