The First Armies: Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia 3,500 BC-1200 BC

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In the very south of Egypt, in the temple of Abu Simbel, a wall / mural relief tells the story of one of the first great battles of history, the Battle of Kadesh. The victory of the Egyptian ruler Ramesses II was elaborately staged: Several depictions along the Nile from present-day Luxor to Abydos tell of the great deeds he is said to have performed at Kadesh in present-day Syria. What he really did, however, has not been completely resolved to this day. In this video, we look at how the Bronze Age brought about an unprecedented escalation of warfare. We investigate when exactly large armies entered the stage of history and how they evolved into formidable forces like the one of Ramesses II.
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00:00-02:50 Intro / Battle of Kadesh
02:50-10:53 First Armies
10:53-17:03 First Empires
17:03-20:44 Grand Strategy of Egypt (Old Kingdom)
20:44-25:08 Grand Strategy of Egypt (Middle Kingdom)
25:08-28:43 Grand Strategy of Egypt (New Kingdom)
28:43-30:10 Epilogue
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Ferril, Arther, The Origins of War. From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great, London 1997.
Fibiger Bang, Peter/Scheidel, Walter, The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean, Oxford 2013.
Frayne, Douglas R.: The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Early Periods II: Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334-2113 BC), Toronto 1993
Hoffmeier, James K., "The Walls of the Ruler" in Egyptian Literature and the Archaeological Record: Investigating Egypt's Eastern Frontier in the Bronze Age, in: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 343 (2006), pp. 1-20.
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