Scientists Just Discovered the Biggest Black Hole Jets Ever

[@StarTalk]

If we could one day harness the immense energy from black hole jets, what kind of technology or advancements do you think would be required to make it possible?

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Maybe hubs for interstellar travel. Harnessing all that energy and pointing it at other hubs opens the wormhole. Letting us travel between these galactic hubs however fast that tunnel goes.

[@markj3169]

Such a good question

[@tomirkpl]

I do not know, but my friend AI ;) suggested such technologies: Harnessing energy from black hole jets would be one of the most ambitious technological undertakings imaginable. Black hole jets, particularly those produced by supermassive black holes, eject immense amounts of energy in the form of high-energy particles, radiation, and magnetic fields. To harness this energy, several groundbreaking advancements would be required: 1. **Advanced Energy Collection Mechanisms**: Technologies capable of capturing and converting the immense energy of relativistic particles and electromagnetic radiation into usable forms. This could include: - **Dyson Swarm Analogues**: Massive arrays of energy collectors positioned in orbits around the black hole or within the jet stream. - **Plasma Converters**: Devices capable of handling and converting ultra-relativistic plasma and synchrotron radiation into electricity or other usable energy forms. 2. **Extreme Material Science**: Materials able to withstand the extreme conditions near a black hole, including: - Intense radiation (gamma rays, X-rays). - High magnetic fields and temperatures. - Particle bombardment at nearly the speed of light. 3. **Precision Navigation and Positioning**: The ability to position and stabilize structures in a region with immense gravitational gradients and chaotic magnetic fields would require: - Autonomous AI navigation systems. - Highly precise thrusters or gravitational countermeasures. 4. **Black Hole Orbiting Infrastructure**: Stations or satellites in stable orbits close to the black hole would act as relay points to manage and transmit energy. These would need to: - Avoid being pulled into the event horizon. - Withstand the tidal forces and time dilation effects. 5. **Energy Transmission Systems**: Mechanisms to transmit the harvested energy back to locations where it can be used, possibly involving: - **Beam Energy Transmission**: Directing energy in the form of laser or microwave beams. - **Quantum Entanglement for Instantaneous Transmission**: If quantum communication could be scaled for energy transfer. 6. **Magnetic Field Manipulation**: Since jets are largely driven by magnetic fields and relativistic particles, advanced magnetic manipulation could be used to direct or optimize energy extraction. 7. **Astrophysical Understanding and Simulation**: Enhanced understanding of jet dynamics, black hole physics, and magnetic field interactions through simulations and observations, leading to better predictive and operational models. 8. **Planetary or Solar System-Level Infrastructure**: Given the distances and scales involved, a networked infrastructure that spans the solar system might be necessary to monitor, manage, and distribute the energy. 9. **Robust Safety Protocols**: Contingencies for managing potentially catastrophic failures, such as jet misalignment or energy surges that could sterilize entire regions. Such an endeavor would represent a civilization capable of operating on a Kardashev Type II or III scale, utilizing or manipulating energy on the scale of stellar or galactic phenomena. It would not only require immense technological ingenuity but also the capacity to marshal resources and coordinate on a cosmic scale.

[@AaravYatgiri]

I'm not 100% sure that it's possible, but I think we could create something like a dyson sphere around the black hole that absorbs the jets as they are shot out.

[@writerseye]

Since most of the expulsed energy is in the form of X-rays, other than weaponry. I am not sure how we could utilize the power. Now if we could manipulate the gravitational pull and have the ability to concentrate matter to such density. We could use that manipulation of gravity to move dense objects with little effort, even star ships

[@xoMaggieM4-g4q]

I adore when Neil exclaims "oh my gosh" 😊. Always makes me smile.

[@gloriamadaffari5404]

Neil is my all time favorite. My 83 year old mind is still an outer science nerd.

[@muhammadmahdin1934]

What makes this haunting is that what we see of this black hole is what it looked like 7.5bil yrs ago. Who knows what monstrosity it is now.

[@CaptainCanuck68]

Oh! I never thought about it like that. We're all being drawn to the center of our own galaxy so will every galaxy become a black hole. Is that how it ends? Not one big crunch, but trillions of smaller ones?

[@CaptainCanuck68]

Eventually all that's left are photons spreading further apart until they lose their energy.

[@GuruMeditationError]

He mentioned in the video that it likely isn't emitting so much today because it will have devoured most everything in its vicinity. So it's bigger "now", but not necessarily brighter.

[@CheeseWyrm]

@@CaptainCanuck68 Well, technically they won't "lose their energy". The total sum of energy + mass in the universe will remain (barring some being lost to beyond our universe - this is a whole other rabbit hole😁). You are correct in that SpaceTime will have spread so far apart, with it's constituent E & M, that the photons will be less & less likely to interact. It will be a vast universe of thinnest-possible soup of photons. Shiny day to y'all :)

[@joekenorer]

We stand on a time machine when we look up at night. None of the constellations that we've known for all of our existence are actually there, most of their constituent stars long dead. Our night sky is a picture of the deep past and it hides totally the present.

[@amandakaye1883]

I could listen to him talk all day.. I love learning

[@Reggeroni]

Such a pleasure to listen to Star Talk.

[@camdeandre3788]

This is something I wish they taught in school when I was in high school.

[@FlashRyu]

I wish the space science community would actually post pictures and hard evidence of their findings instead of just saying they discovered things. Billions or dollars funded for space research, but they can’t even share some high quality pictures for everyone to access easily. Like make a webpage or something

[@biggamer4113]

@@FlashRyu high quality pictures of what exactly?

[@FlashRyu]

@ an actual and visually improved pictures of you know, everything we can see in the universe. They share like a few pictures of the cosmos from James Webb, that I can Google and that’s it. Like share some more god dammit, am I right? And visually improve that 1 black hole image at least, I’m not even convinced that’s a real black hole. That image could be recreated from any planetary body covering a star, if taken at the right angle… am I right or am I wrong? They’re bullshitting us, they’re taking all that government money and doing nothing.

[@FlashRyu]

@@biggamer4113 ^

[@MossyMozart]

@@FlashRyu - Why so angry? NASA has an extensive presence online. Do some browsing. Say - Elon, is that _you?_

[@quinnmortensen1415]

As always, I could listen to you for hours, if not days.

[@Whorleywho]

I opened KZbin the moment you posted ♡︎ you guys are amazing and I look forward to each and every video

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

As it should be ;-P

[@tysondahler9219]

Much love to everyone in the making of this video and to those watching

[@j.a.weishaupt1748]

And I love you, random citizen!

[@fraliexb]

2:50 the strong magnetic fields helping the jets form

[@jimmurphy6095]

Thank you. I was going to say it, but decided to check the comments first.

[@andrewyates304]

Neil, you are the greatest.

[@DouglasJMark]

Fascinating as always! ❤❤❤

[@mihagomiunik2758]

3:58 you forgot one 0

[@UdayNatt]

0 - here take mine.

[@StevenJeNova]

A new record, set some 7 billion years ago. I see.

[@VoltisArt]

Had to wait for the radar gun to calibrate.

[@CheeseWyrm]

Aye, from our perspective. By definition - it's *as we are recording it now*

[@joekenorer]

Well it's so far impossible for us to know what it's doing right now so we're kind of watching the race in reverse order, surely we'll see a bigger jet in the future, er, past.

[@shifubrowne]

Preach...more please. Love it. Teach .non stop fill our cups. Bless your life on earth may you have much length of days. Teacher to man kind

[@PALEHORSE75]

Love this guy... breaks it down for us common folk.. I dont subscribe to much. Current count 4 subscriptions. You are #5. Wish i found you sooner... And you & co-host are funny... Uncle sharp edge. I still am laughing

[@jericho_1337]

Black holes have always captivated my imagination, often keeping me awake as I ponder their mysteries. The vastness and enigma surrounding them are truly mind-boggling. So, it's incredibly exciting to delve into such an informative video! One of the most fascinating questions is about the largest black hole known to date-an object of immense gravity and scale. To truly appreciate the enormity of this cosmic phenomenon is to explore not just the size of the black hole itself, but its profound influence on the fabric of space and time.

[@cliffyarbrough6376]

I didn't know QUASAR was an acronym

[@omehwizdom1689]

Same here

[@coolbreeze5683]

I found out a few days ago that the word Laser is an acronym 😂 thought it was just a word.

[@ImpactedCanine]

So that's what Dr. Vegapunk says at the end of this sentences!

[@TheRealSkeletor]

It's not an acronym, just an abbreviation of quasi-stellar.

[@TheRealPhilG]

So... does that 1:57 mean that we live on the accreation disk?

[@braeburnhilliard8340]

I was just thinking the same thing.

[@Jejejeje9623]

Pleasee someone answer, i can't stop thinking about that

[@vcvortex6356]

Why do we see no accretion disk coming from our galaxy, or Andromeda or any other galaxy for that matter?

[@Jejejeje9623]

@@vcvortex6356 i think he meant that the galaxies themselves are the accreation disk of the supermassive black hole in the center

[@Foxstar1387]

Maybe we live on what is left of the accreation disk. Since maybe all that matter didnt makeit down the drain as Maybe the BH slowed its eating and thus the matter was able to clump back together into the new formations that we now see today. Or the BH at the center isnt one that consumes all in vast gulps but slowly over tens of millions of years.

[@frankicon9521]

And people still think they can fall into a blackhole after knowing that thing heats up everything that it pulls meaning it would incinerate anything that comes close to it. Don't believe films like Interstellar.

[@EZ3James]

You are amazing! I love it when it's just you explaining it. No extra "comedy." The interruption of people just degrade what you're saying. Keep doing what you're doing when you're alone.

[@pickles632]

Great episode!

[@isatousarr7044]

The giant jets of black holes are among the most fascinating phenomena in astrophysics, showcasing immense power and complexity. These jets, often seen emanating from active galactic nuclei (AGN) or quasars, are formed by the interaction of a supermassive black hole’s accretion disk and its intense magnetic fields. As matter spirals into the black hole, not all of it is consumed; some is redirected along magnetic field lines and ejected at nearly the speed of light, creating collimated streams of plasma. These jets can stretch for thousands, sometimes millions, of light-years, influencing star formation, galaxy evolution, and the intergalactic medium. Understanding their anatomy spanning the central engine, relativistic outflows, and shock structures provides insights into high-energy physics and the role of black holes in shaping the universe. This ongoing research combines observations from radio, optical, and X-ray telescopes with advanced theoretical modeling to unravel the mysteries of these cosmic giants.

[@CheeseWyrm]

Yes, correct 👍

[@Some.random.person01]

Does the size of the jets determine the size of the black hole?

[@thekaxmax]

Other way around

[@CheeseWyrm]

Overly simplified: the scale of total E+M entering the Black Hole determines the scale of the jets

[@Apollorion]

I'd rather say the size of the jets indicate how long the black hole(-combination?) has been active.

[@adpop750]

I watched this video with X-ray specs on 😎

[@RUNOV.A]

Hello

[@MaxPower_GT3]

So, if black holes consume everything, and nothing can escape them, how do the jets at the poles overcome the gravitational pull of the black hole? Also, if it were to eject anything, could it do it into another part of the universe, where it would be a white hole in that universe? Could you do an episode incorporating the theory behind white holes, too? Black and white holes are pretty fascinating, but also mind bending.

[@CheeseWyrm]

@a.thiago3842 put it well in another comment. To paraphrase: "The speed required to escape a black hole's gravity increases as one approaches the Event Horizon, beyond which it becomes impossible to escape. The explanation is complex, but basically the jets are emitted at near the speed of light, in gamma ray frequencies"

[@MaxPower_GT3]

@CheeseWyrm ahhh, that makes sense. Thanks for that!

[@TheGeekAuthority]

Wow!

[@markvanderhorst2473]

Thank you for your explanation.

[@luudest]

In the solar system if a particle drops its orbit it loose potential energy and gains kinetic energy. The total energy is conserved. What happens to particles - from the energy point of view - in an accretion disc?

[@CheeseWyrm]

Similar. Our Solar system derives from a star (Sol) and its accretion disk. Also, there are more types of energy at play in these complex systems.

[@nathanieljackson5554]

So the measurable length of those jets are 14 million light years long. That's amazing.

[@SL33P_N_K0]

Are elliptical galaxies more often than not clustered together and less colorful because they lost the bubble or Galatic atmosphere that it once had like spiral galaxies?

[@SL33P_N_K0]

I feel like elliptical galaxies cluster together because they lost that atmosphere, which retains everything inside and repels other galaxies away like how spiral galaxies are usually more spaced out. I'm sure gravity plays a part somewhere in attracting and repelling as well. Idk just crossed my mind looking at a picture of both.

[@silviavalentine3812]

If you're referring to atmospheres as inter-galactic dust clouds, then yes it does have to do with the lost of it. Think of it as the galaxy using up all of its resources to make stars. At first, the galaxy just needs to wait til one of its stars explode to make new ones. But then as more and more smaller, redder stars are made, there will be less and less material available as these stars take forever to use up their fuel. So at some point you'll end up with only a ton of red stars and no dust.

[@jeffreyburley4033]

I have heard that as the material falls into the the excretion disk and accelerates faster and faster, the material bumping up against itself creates a magnetic electrical field. As that field gets bent in so many odd ways, the magnetic lines start to fracture and move to the poles of the Black Hole. Those magnetic lines then exit out of the excretion disk into space taking both material and light energy with it at upwards to the speed of light depending on how strong the magnetic fields are during exit.

[@kingcelaya1]

My theory is that black holes have an invisible accretion disk even when they are not feeding. Singularities spin, and drag time and space around with them as they go.

[@kaiko70]

Fascinating, a fenomenon of such huge scale is just sublime

[@benbutler9282]

quick question : is Black Sphere a better description

[@thekaxmax]

Yes. 'Black Hole' was a derogatory term taken on by physicists as the term for a black sphere

[@CaptainCanuck68]

How about black dot? It gets so small that it loses two of the three dimensions! Wait, it loses all three since it's not a line. It literally only exists in time, doesn't it?

[@CaptainCanuck68]

It moves, it radiates, and it changes.

[@CaptainCanuck68]

It increases entropy

[@CaptainCanuck68]

And it's not really black so much as it's anti-white.

[@Fetimano]

Nice shirt!

[@shifubrowne]

Could listen to you sir all day all night. And would still want more. Your a massive massive credit to humanity and halfbeads alike.❤

[@Abhinay-eu2xo]

The mind-boggling fact is that if the jets were the diameter of the earth, the Black hole that they are coming out of would be smaller than a single hair's width across!! That's how tiny that black hole is!! 🥶🥶

[@CaptainCanuck68]

Mind=blown

[@roberttaggart5757]

A few km across or city sized not a hair width

[@alangoodwin1500]

What do black holes look like in 3D? Are they orbs or are they flat?

[@thekaxmax]

They have no definition, only black circle from every direction

[@roichir7699]

@@thekaxmax So basically a sphere.

[@VoltisArt]

@@roichir7699 no. "Singularity" is what we call this thing which is basically a point. The amount of mass involved bends space so much that it has no measurable shape or size. "Black hole" is really a description of the event horizon; the area where light can't escape.

[@CheeseWyrm]

The Event Horizon of a Black Hole describes a spherical boundary in SpaceTime where light can no longer escape due to the Gravity Well formed as a result of the Singularity

[@spadeyspacely]

I think I’ve asked this on literally every black hole video on this platform, lol. I still have no answer I can compute.

[@plokmko0]

Do all accretion disks spin in the same accretion

[@thekaxmax]

No

[@thomasgade226]

if you look at it from the other side, it spins in the opposite direction

[@jdogg448]

If you look from the southern hemisphere they spin in the opposite direction.

[@CheeseWyrm]

Please re-phrase the question. As it is it makes no sense :) Did you mean direction??

[@michaelgray6429]

Thanks, Big brother Neil for the scientific insight on black holes which I find is a complex subject to talk about let alone read about which I do off and on.

[@zipzilip2657]

Love your stuff It is always very educational and makes me think about science every day keep it up👍 Love from Germany

[@ThatPotat0Pirate]

So how far away could you physically feel the heat of the accretion disk

[@CheeseWyrm]

How long is a piece of string? ;)

[@eveadams7785]

I enjoy every single video from StarTalk; thank you for all the hard work. The way you explain to those of us who are not genius is much appreciated. Now for a question off topic. I love the shirt you are wearing in this video and wonder if you sell those? I would imagine many subscribers would buy one. 🥰🤗Thank You!

[@imdiyu]

6:10 Neil didn't say "Bada Bing"... I feel so sad 😢

[@LouisVuitton1]

I was sad to

[@My-Nickel]

You are much better by yourself!

[@alexandersillan8139]

Thank you

[@PaulCoyJR]

I always consider it like quickly squeezing something squishy, like mud.

[@chg77]

Serious question. We’re always told nothing escapes a black hole. Not even light itself. (And not even time?) So with that in mind, how can we understand and accept that this extra heat/energy CAN escape through the jets? Meaning, isn’t the black hole gravity strong enough to suck in the stuff escaping thru the jets? Thanks, chg7

[@CheeseWyrm]

The jets are not being emitted from within the Black Hole (ie: beyond the Event Horizon). They are emissions from close to that however, which explains why they are approaching the speed of light and can be detected in the immensely energetic Gamma Ray frequencies

[@Rickiye]

Black holes are by definition mysterious so aren't fully understood but I like the attempt here.

[@sparkyprojects]

So what you're saying is it's like a hurricane, the eye of the storm is where it's calm and stuff can escape straight up ?

[@fuuh44]

It's hardly calm, but by leaving "up" or "down" there's less stuff in the way.

[@CheeseWyrm]

The escape vector of least resistance is perpendicular to the orbital plane

[@albaniod]

Might be a dumb question but why does the accretion disc for a black hole, when I've seen it represented at least, go round the black hole then over the black hole? Tia just curious

[@SdSnatcher]

the disc go behind black hole but the light is so curved that can see it

[@albaniod]

@SdSnatcher oooh, yeah that makes sense. that's incredible. Thanks for getting back

[@dumogdeilig]

Have you seen the videos from Epic Spaceman? Aweome stuff

[@robertlandrum]

One of the things that's always puzzled me about our galaxy, and those we discover is their rotational speed. I wonder if we over value the constant of time. If mass were also considered as part of the space/time continuum if we wouldn't see consistency in some of our measurements. It as if we've disregarded mass entirely, but black holes show that space is inconsistent without mass.

[@CheeseWyrm]

Energy and Mass both exist and constitute reality in our SpaceTime. We have NOT "disregarded mass entirely", as evidenced by our finding (ta Albert!) of E = mc^2

[@SeanFoxxx]

Hi Neil, I have a question. I’m hoping you’d be able to answer. If nothing travels faster than light, does the same hold true for light that is being pulled into a black hole? Light being pulled by gravity Surely must be faster than regular light?

[@BrandonSchipper-o1b]

Thanks Neil!🔥🔥🔥

[@rajdivecha]

0:36 how can anything fall “straight” in to a black hole when the space is curved and twisted around the black hole? All directions towards the black hole are technically straight but once an object gets inside the twisted space, isn’t its trajectory going to curve with the space?

[@CheeseWyrm]

It will depend on its vector of approach, angular momentum, etc

[@KamakaAweau]

Do all blackholes have the same gravity pull regardless of the size or do they all have different gravity pull based on it's size?

[@CheeseWyrm]

The scale of their gravitiational effect is proportional to their Mass

[@KamakaAweau]

@CheeseWyrm So the bigger the blackhole the stronger the gravitational pull?

[@Apollorion]

@@KamakaAweau No, but yes: a greater mass of the singularity at the center means a stronger pull of the gravity and a stronger pull of the gravity means the further away from the singularity the event horizon is and the further away from the singularity the event horizon is the bigger the radius of that sphere is. So formulating "the bigger the blackhole the stronger the gravitational pull" is kind of switching cause and consequence, which is why I said 'No, but yes.'

[@stevenlennie]

So does that means there could be a “Goldilocks Zone” within the accretion disc?

[@VoltisArt]

If you mean a place where a planet could exist and support life, not likely. There's too much traffic of mass in and energy out, and the shear forces (difference in gravity over small distances) destroy most objects. It's kind of like crashing a massive superconductor into a nuclear furnace. Yes, there's a very thin locale where the temperature won't be the thing that kills you. Everything else around you will.

[@BenjySparky]

Neil, you rock! ❤ Peace

[@mansamusa9123]

I spent a few minutes attempting to elucidate this to someone just a few days ago and I got the "huh" look.

[@Heist1000]

Where was the ejection jets in the Kip Thorne black hole models? Or is it that the energy from the jets is not in the visible light spectrum?

[@a.thiago3842]

You mean the movie? If it's, if i'm not wrong, they excluded some things so it would fir the movie.

[@VoltisArt]

X-rays are not in or near the visible spectrum. They're high energy/frequency between ultraviolet (near visible) and gamma rays (can break molecules and atoms).

[@CheeseWyrm]

Black Holes have been observed emitting jets varying in energy from the radio frequencies & higher.

[@endeffekttube]

Black Holes are like the bees of the universe.

[@blazewagon5677]

if energy can't destroyed and black holes devour even light does that mean that the energy they radiate is equal to the supposed destruction of energy?

[@VoltisArt]

Mass and energy is added to them. The jets are a (relatively) small amount of energy released by the objects while they are being mashed and consumed, not the black hole itself.

[@zacharykaiser2782]

I'm 35 almost 36 and don't want to change career paths, but I want doctorate levels of understanding of astrology because it is by far the most fascinating subject I've ever been interested in. How do I do this without going back to school!!

[@TitaniumDR1]

DO AN EPISODE ON STAR M31-2014-DS1. Failed supernova. Neutronization. Neutrino shock/revival.... This one just snuffed out didn't it? M31? 👍🏼 Great episode.

[@nefarioustoned]

and watching this in real time makes it look like the center is liquid light ^ ^

[@johncraig2623]

Isn't it rather amazing that the accretion disk stayed so stable to produce such a narrow jet of that length? No significant precession of the jet for the billions of years it took to form such a long jet?

[@ramonbmovies]

I've heard there may be tiny black holes the size of baseballs - or maybe I'm misinterpreting. Anyway, if there was such a black hole near Earth, would our planet be too big to be swallowed up?

[@CaptainCanuck68]

You blew my mind, as promised. Thank you, it's been full of dust lately anyway. ❤

[@Judge98391]

Do black holes have a magnetic field from the accretion disc?

[@daviddesousa3178]

That jet is 14,000,000 light years across. That's insane 😳

[@91fisher]

black holes scare the crap out of me. how can something be everything and nothing at the same time.

[@blarblablarblar]

idk but they taste pretty good with chili

[@savagepro9060]

Black Holes are bigger than Diddy. If Diddy has a jet, so can every Black Hole!

[@allanhindmarch7323]

So that energy from the ecretion disc is more powerful than the gravitational pull of the black hole? Does that escaping energy include photons? The ones that can't escape a black hole?

[@TheFXofNewton]

Heat from orbital velocity? I figure it's more like the sun and plasma-related forces driving the heating, like in the suns corona, which is far hotter than the surface. I hope I see computers capable of plasma simulations on cosmic scales in my life time. Which is like the 3-body problem to the power of infinity. We can't even correctly model a tokamak or smaller devices. It's total chaos! But there's also that paper on how accretion disks aren't smooth but are more like whispy tendrils, noisy, fluffy, and turbulent, also due to plasma-related forces. And we've witnessed AGNs turn on and off. That's not *just* a blackhole, that's a plasmoid! Just as stars are.

[@generalnawaki]

My moneys on not everything in a galaxy goes round, some things have orbits that put them closer and closer to galactic center until eventually they fall in. It could be possible this happens to black holes at the early stages of galaxy formation and that's why the black holes at the center of galaxies are so large. Probably wrong but that's my two cent's

[@thekaxmax]

He covers that

[@szyada-ev]

Mhm, so energy and radiation are more accurate terms to describe the state of the first few moments of our universe's existence. Now I'm wondering a bit if there is any reliable unit of time to sensibly describe the progress of the big bang, and if it's possible that the inflation process was slowed down by the enormous gravity of the accelerated first particles and matter, and if it's possible that the formation of some galaxies was "slowed down" because of the enormous speed at which all its matter is moving. So is it possible that some of the very distant galaxies additionally appear to be younger because they live at their own rate? Anyway, I am grateful to Neil deGrasse Tyson for his constant sharing of thought-provoking insights.

[@danielmadar9938]

❤

[@TortoisePlanet1212]

0:08 could it be like, because it's pulling in light and it's like refracting or something?

[@TheRabbitRonin]

I'd like to see a picture of what it would look like from earth if a jet shot out of the black hole in the center of our galaxy

[@ValidatingUsername]

0:30 Neil, there has to be a geodesic that is available for incoming matter for it to “fall in” but there are many geodesics that surround the “black hole”

[@ValidatingUsername]

By definition, the photon sphere would lack any geodesic that enter or leave the photon sphere, according to theory.

[@joshlee7303]

Big accretion disk energy

[@Adoubless]

It’s a good joke.

[@sainath6159]

Neil deGrasse Tyson

[@badger1296]

4:00 Psst, do you mean 100,000?

[@smartwatchonpluto]

It's crazy to think an entire galaxy is being pulled by something smaller than the size of an atom?

[@CheeseWyrm]

It's not so crazy if you consider the incredibly dense Mass of that singularity - which could have the mass of thousands, millions of Suns. The forces involved with that much Mass being in such a small area is staggering to think of! Perhaps that is what you are expressing? :)

[@edilmolinafernandez7670]

Me encanta la bandera cubana que se asoma por detrás.

[@Anab_Khan]

Question: Is this the black hole's current size, or is it the size it had 7.6 billion years ago? The size you described might reflect its state back then, but its current size could be different, or other changes might have occurred to this giant since then.

[@hasaanhagler231]

How am I just learning black holes have jets? I thought anything that fell in could never escape besides in Hawking radiation?

[@fuuh44]

The jets aren't coming out of the hole itself. Energy is radiating away from the accretion disk.

[@hasaanhagler231]

@ but how? Shouldn’t the gravitational pull of the Black Hole prevent the ejection?

[@a.thiago3842]

@@hasaanhagler231 The speed to escape a black hole increases the closer you get to it. IT only becomes impossible to escape from it after getting beyound the event horizon. Those gamma rays are accelerated to a speed near of the speed of light, that's why. Of course, the explanation is much more complex, but that's the ideia for what i know.

[@hasaanhagler231]

@ thank you. That makes sense

[@ranisharoni75]

Black holes are rotating so the spin around falling objects also due to frame dragging

[@enchantedscribbler]

That's an awesome poker shirt!

[@eugenio1203]

in case Dr Tyson reads my comment🤞, could you give us your thoughts on black hole stars? im dying to learn more about them, I saw a video by Kurzgesagt about them an I was immediately obsessed with the idea

[@a.thiago3842]

Those are the Quasi-nova. It's very interesting!

[@BlueRice]

I believe blackhole play a role in nature. Just like almost all things on earth that balance the living environment for earth to thrives - blackhole is like a air filter that may have vacuum meteorite and such that was on a collision course to earth.

[@NDM_NZ]

Are entire galaxies the accretion disks of super massive black holes at the center?

[@denergyman]

I think blackholes actually multiple energy and particles in the universe..... They are the nucleus and power house of any universe

[@tdriz11]

So does that mean that the entirety of the Milky Way is essentially the accretion disk of the black hole at the center?

[@johndon2121]

Question: many documents and reports say "that even though if you travel at the speed of light you can't reach more than the observable universe, in which a lot of galaxies and stars will be not discoverable. However. If you have travelled from Earth (A) to point (B) in space at the speed of light. And looking from point (B) to point (C) comparing to the view from Earth at the same point (C), should you see deeper in space? Because of the travelled distance (let's say you are using James Webb telescope).??

[@a.thiago3842]

For what i know and even he says, you're the center of your galaxy, of your world. The ''draw distance'' would change taking into account where you're in the universe.

[@CheeseWyrm]

Travel is possible at speeds approaching C (the speed of light), and it is conjectured that some things (eg: tachyons) could travel at speeds > C, *BUT* only photons can exist *at* C. Hypothetically - if you were to accelerate your awesome starship all the way to C, at that point you would become Mass-less, and consist only of energy (light). To accelerate within our SpaceTime to a speed beyond C, one would face the dilemma of needing to 'hop' from < C to > C without ever actually being = C. Gnarly!!

[@muralikrishnat1504]

Hi Neil, I have question for you, if our earth/our solar/our galaxy is some n times of jillion light years distance from big bang (assuming centre of the universe), how are the chances of higher life forms in other galaxies which are in n+1 jillion light years distance from centre, universe is expanding right means, there are galaxies born way earlier than our galaxies. another question is do we know in which direction the universe is expanding?

[@CheeseWyrm]

The universe is expanding in ALL directions. There is no specific point from which expansion occurs. ALL that constitutes SpaceTime is expanding

[@muralikrishnat1504]

yes, expanding in all directions, if the golf ball size universe becomes football size right, assuming if we put a dot on small ball surface after expanding that dot moves in one direction to football size surface dot. just a thought