Answering Fan Questions About Photons, Fire & Gravity Waves

[@StarTalk]

If gravitational waves are ripples in space-time from massive cosmic events, what other phenomena could we observe through these waves that might deepen our understanding of the universe's structure?

[@jacobfoster9185]

Thank you for sharing this with us. I really enjoy these. RE; terence howard video. I think that this is a classic example of confirmation bias. Insofar as his apparent inability to accept even the slightest disagreement with his stated position regardless of whether that point/critique/information etc is valid or coming from a place of respect and enthusiasm for the topic.

[@FeixMLB]

Perhaps we could detect the creation of heavy atoms being formed in the cores of Neutron stars. I suppose that change of the gravitational waves frequency could maybe be sent by the lost mass during the explosion or even the novas if those types of stars have such cycles ( I need to check to make sure if they have nova cycles). Another way could be by observing nearly dying black holes to see how the hawking radiation works in the lifetime. I predict that hawking radiation rate changes throughout the life of black holes but I see this being extremely difficult or even impossible to detect as black holes that are easier have way longer lifespams than the universe's age.

[@anthonyhiggins7409]

I’m pretty certain I have caused a cosmetic event after eating too much veg.

[@cabbage_cat]

If it's a ripple, can it bounce back after it hit something?

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

I've BEEN posting a story about working in the subway and noticing a "time paradox." Here... Time is fascinating. I worked the subway stations for nearly 10 years. From one end of the city to the other. Every so often I would notice the city would be saying that, "Today just flew by" or "The day was just dragging along." How can an entire city, with no interaction with each other until they used the subway, complain about the same time paradox? Unless they were all effected by the same outside, "interference." MAYBE a time distorted bubble the earth passes through in its revolution around the sun. MAYBE they're the effects of gravitational waves. Either side of the wave effecting time just enough for we humans to notice. Making time seem to drag on the upside and fly by on the downslope. Or, vice versa. MAYBE they're given off by the sun. MAYBE they're from outside our Solar system and reach us in intervals. ???? 🎶Ti-i-i-ime, is on my side. Yes, it is!🎶 If you can think of a better way to do a blind survey of an entire city, in the small window of opportunity, I'm all in. Until then, I invite you to spend a couple years in the subways during rush hour and you'll see for yourself. Just listen as an entire city gets off of work and gets out of school. You'll see it's more than a, "coincidence of circumstances."

[@Ben-Ken]

Everyone is missing Chuck but he's probably off investigating mood enhancing chemicals. For science 😉

[@AlGaragui]

Well, we don't know because he didn't invite us on his fishing trip.

[@charleshendry5978]

Not me.

[@gavinomeara8390]

Thought he had a comedy tour?

[@fredbohm4728]

I am not missing him at all.

[@classicalmechanic8914]

The new guy is as cringy as Kamala's campaign.

[@SiqueScarface]

I am 54, and I still had candles on my birthday cake. Five on the left, and four on the right.

[@7733n]

i'm over here celebrating my 21st for the nth time.

[@estebandevile2706]

Chuck is 49

[@swistedfilms]

You could also put 110110 for binary.

[@Femaiden]

they sell candles shaped like numbers. . .

[@jayeff6712]

I am also 54 and I use 6 candles, from left to right 2 are on 1 is off 2 are on one is off. So in binary it is 110110 .

[@dailypodclips247]

we miss chuck

[@jafaarahmed-g9r]

he better be there next time or ima 808

[@youssefbh830]

Bro Chuck might not always be available to entertain us, he could get sick, be busy, have family issues, go on a vacation... I don't understand why every time he's not on (which is rare), I see these types of comments.

[@96manuel96ify]

​@@youssefbh830 It's cozy we love us some Chuck!

[@osmoticcosmos32]

fr bro u dont know how his personal life is. besides chuck wont leave us for more then one episode. chuck is our supernova to the galactic gumbo

[@dailypodclips247]

hope hes fine we need him for the next one

[@7733n]

13:35 it taking humanity 100 years to catch up to Einstein, with his writings available the whole time really puts his intelligence into perspective.

[@BabySagan]

For sure. I love his backstory, that he worked in the patent office first which gave him time to think up so much epic stuff.

[@racamon]

You are simplifying. Technology didn't exist to check his theory and calculations, but the math was there, and it was proven pretty fast, and humanity accepted it in an instance. That is why he was so popular and known. But to prove it in experiment, with lasers, with super sensitive sensors and gears, extremely reflective mirrors, computers... to dig tunnels... that required time, and money. A lot of money.

[@ramondejesus65]

The ignorance of your statement cannot be overstated. Even Einstein himself didn't know the extent to where his theories would be taken.

[@thesuncollective1475]

You have the nicest people on your show.

[@bidishabhattacharya1647]

Dr Tyson is an excellent educator. One becomes spellbound listening to him. Thanks so much.

[@princeedmunddukeofedinburg]

Sure, whatever.

[@BabySagan]

He is hands down the best me thinks. Such intelligence and humor are rare.

[@byzantineaura]

@@princeedmunddukeofedinburgwhy so bitter?

[@princeedmunddukeofedinburg]

@@byzantineaura Yeah, give a chance to other comedians and not always Chuck this, Chuck that....grow up.

[@Hobbitstomper]

Chuck is like the autocorrect feature nobody asked for-yet, once it's gone, you realize not only how much you rely on it but also how essential it has become in your life.

[@ixinor]

Nope

[@phunkydroid]

The liquid wax doesn't burn. It only burns as a vapor. The wick carries some of the liquid into the flame where it is hot enough to vaporize, feeding the flame.

[@gungan7859]

So the wax burns.

[@josiahpaez4601]

​@@gungan7859Yes, but the OP is saying the wax burns only as a vapor, not as a liquid. Whether or not that is true, I don't know. Is any liquid even flammable or just the vapor from a liquid?

[@ridetheapex]

​@@josiahpaez4601 Cesium.

[@JaguarBST]

Much better answer. Was about comment the same thing until I saw yours.

[@josiahpaez4601]

@@ridetheapex I'm not so sure about that. I haven't seen any demonstrations of Cesium on fire. That is to say, I haven't seen liquid Cesium oxidizing via a chain reaction with a flame. Not saying it can't happen, I just haven't seen it. All the explosive reactions in water seem to actually be hydrogen explosions from disassociated water molecules. Very cool, but not a liquid on fire.

[@arcticdogs556]

No Chuck this time, but my man Harrison had jokes lol

[@eileendunn2130]

Great conversation, gentlemen. Gratitude and respect.

[@OddGentleman]

I am sorry, but a very simple first question was not answered: why does fire release light? Fire releases light due to the process of excited atoms and molecules releasing photons. When a substance combusts (reacts with oxygen), it generates heat, which energizes the atoms in the burning material, exciting their electrons to higher energy states. As these electrons return to their normal, lower-energy states, they release the excess energy as photons, or particles of light.

[@bhargavdesai7984]

It IS answered! ~5:00

[@swistedfilms]

Yes, thank you. Neil sometimes gets a bit high-minded about things and forgets about the questions that were asked. Also, I think that if the kid who asked this question sees your response then they might have a few other questions such as, "What do you mean about electrons going to higher and lower energy states?" I suspect that probably hasn't been in their curriculum just yet. So be prepared for that should that kid see your post. And frankly I hope they do.

[@jackburfitt3036]

I am sorry, but the very simple first question was answered in depth for the first 12 minutes of the video ?

[@jamesmyers8971]

The light from a campfire is hotter than the fire itself.

[@AsaSpadeSS]

Literally 4:50...pay attention

[@CARTUNE.]

"So...what did that have to do with birthday candles?" Made me LOL because I'm usually the Neil in my family, always going too deep at times and losing track. Love it.

[@mistyforte222]

For birthday cakes we use two colors of candles for 0 and 1, and show our age in binary. Ex: 54=red, red, blue, red, red, blue.

[@tylerwinfrey552]

Everyone misses Chuck but I like this guy too

[@lovelywaz]

Where does the fire come from? Well, you know sweetie... When Oxygen and Hydrogen love each other too much and add few other elements in a certain group activity... It creates FIRE! 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥

[@isatousarr7044]

The interplay between photons, fire, and gravitational waves presents a fascinating intersection of physics that illustrates the complexity of the universe. Photons, as the fundamental particles of light, play a crucial role in our understanding of energy transfer and the behavior of electromagnetic radiation. Their interaction with matter, including processes like combustion, showcases how fire emits light and heat, fundamentally changing the environment around us. On a different scale, gravitational waves-ripples in spacetime caused by the acceleration of massive objects-provide a profound insight into the universe’s most energetic events, such as black hole mergers or neutron star collisions. The detection of these waves has opened up a new window into astrophysics, allowing us to explore cosmic phenomena that were previously beyond our reach. Together, these elements highlight the beauty and intricacy of the physical laws governing our universe. The study of how photons interact with matter and how gravitational waves carry information about cosmic events enhances our understanding of both the microscopic and macroscopic realms of physics. As we continue to explore these areas, who knows what new discoveries await that could further illuminate the relationship between light, energy, and the fabric of spacetime?

[@javiersolis2993]

I liked that Nascar explanation

[@fraliexb]

23:30 sounds like Niel needs to make the "Neil deGrasse Tyson calendar" with the big rip.

[@fraliexb]

The Nobel people should have a "contribution" additions to the winners of the prize for acknowledging the prior work needed for this current accomplishment...

[@AlGaragui]

"Ask Not What Nobel People Can Do For You...".- Algaragui

[@Reason..or..treason-vk6cz]

I miss Chuck... But Harrison did a good job... And this was enjoyable as always😊

[@marcoottina654]

He has a very good energy! A different one, but he's pretty good at his job

[@jatt0941]

I agee

[@Afterlife-Boy]

Agreed. Exactly my thoughts, too.

[@pogz1]

is he still part of the show?

[@BabySagan]

I love the last question. I always like learning about the elements. Osmium sounds pretty coo. Will dive into that crispy bit on my channel when the time comes.

[@BisharAbdi-hy1cl]

Watching StarTalk without Chuck is like watching Dallas Cowboy game without CeeDee Lamb. It’s just not the same😤

[@kpw84u2]

"If it happens at all, it'll happen 2B yrs from now -- I have it on my Calendar"... 😂😂😂

[@dogedemocracy8877]

I just get the number candles. Saves room 😊

[@isonlynameleft]

I'm 44 and I still have candles on my birthday cake 😅

[@funkyhairman]

Did you have 44 candles? Or just two 4 shaped candles? Was a fire extinguisher required? 😂

[@sicfxmusic]

That's one way to tell yourself you're still young.

[@isonlynameleft]

@@funkyhairman I think just a handful. I don't have that kind of lung capacity anymore! 😅

[@BabySagan]

We ain't judging.

[@oskarskalski2982]

I'm 39 and basically don't even celebrate birthday.

[@Jackofallthetrades]

I like this Harrison! Please bring him back, early and often!

[@iloveguitar338]

Yall need to calm down chuck probably does other things give the man a break. The important thing is you learn somethin here.

[@paulo.8899]

No.

[@toymen-ze3zr]

Fire is made of fire 🤯

[@bkbland1626]

It's not a thing. It's a process

[@randallbesch2424]

Fire is the outcome of a chemical process.

[@SashimiSteak]

Grew up in Hong Kong kids had a tradition of lighting candles in mid autumn festival. One night me and a few cousins were doing that near the lobby of the old apartment and somehow decided to threw all the candles into a metal bucket and light it all up. The fire got so strong the adults came out and had to smother it out. We got an earful. I've always been told that kind of fire is more dangerous than regular fire and now I know why.

[@samsmith2635]

47:00 Ah yes, as a Professor of Blacksmithing I loving calling the the Sun the Great Forge in the Sky.

[@randallbesch2424]

Yes stars are great plasma forges compressing hydrogen into helium.,

[@SusieRedus]

Chuck, Chuck, Chuck!!!

[@sus_roke2049]

Hi, kids from my school (Doral Academy) went to Los Angles for the XPRIZE competition to pitch their ideas on how to solve water scarcity and they won. They went with their robotics teacher and he is also my robotics teacher and he told me he met you.

[@sus_roke2049]

It was this weekend

[@IanZainea1990]

2:34 I'm 34 and still use candles. For my grandma's 74th .... We put 74 on that sucker

[@Uttaela]

I love that

[@IanZainea1990]

@Uttaela it was an inferno haha.

[@jamesduncan578]

We did that to an stepmother-in-law when she turned 60. She did not appreciate that at all. Just to vain.

[@SophiaAphrodite]

Harrison fills in for Chuck well. They have the same type of humor.

[@fraliexb]

48:00 many Solar storage "batteries" is pumping water to a higher elevation, and then using it as hydroelectric at night.

[@johnfarris6152]

I've heard someone say that the plank length is not the smallest measurement , but it is the smallest measurement that can mean anything.

[@oskarskalski2982]

It all comes down to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. If you would want to observe anything beyond planck scale the energy of the photon needed for such observation would create a black hole with the mass of Planck mass and Schwarzschild radius of Planck length.

[@stoneysdead689]

The reason it confuses ppl that half the matter of a star is blown away and what's left creates a blackhole is because we tend to think the blackhole is created because there is just so much mass but- in reality you can turn a paper clip into a blackhole- you just have to squish it down into a tiny enough space that it becomes so dense- it creates a tiny little blackhole. The smaller the amount of mass you have, the smaller the space you have to squish it down into to make a black hole- to reach it's Swartchild's radius. The radius is proportional to the mass- the smaller the mass, the smaller the radius- and vice versa.

[@Vaeldarg]

That might work out as napkin math, but black hole event horizons are from their gravity being high enough to not even let photons escape it. It's not about the size of the space the mass is squished into, but the amount of mass that has accumulated to the point of having powerful enough gravity to squish that matter down.

[@hamadaj8081]

I know we all miss chuck but this guy is the best alternative that ive seen so far

[@bjeh001]

Harrison did a fantastic job! I shudder to think what sort of cosmic event might have resulted with Neil, Lord Nice and Harrison in the same room at the same time.

[@SecretWalrus99]

i love having new guests! adds a new flavor to the episode! but there will never be another Lord Nice

[@GreyfauxxGaming]

I think the take away from the plank question with the infinite question in mind, is that we likely vibrate because there's no end to time, and the space at which the object can get smaller is also likely infinite. So in an abstract way of thinking, our bits are rattling around unable to ever settle. It would be interesting if the vibration is the stretching of the universe on matter. If thats the case, we could prob notice the big rip coming if things started to vibrate faster like a string being pulled tighter.

[@Matthw-7B]

I love and prefer chuck as much as anyone. Can you imagine even having the resume to sit in for him!? I respect anyone that can even take his seat when he's not in town.

[@rogueryter1745]

On the candle question. Neil talks about how the liquid wax, which is the flames fuel source, can put out the flame. I believe this happens when there is enough liquid to cut off the oxygen supply to the flame's ignition point at the base of the flame. Basically drowning the flame.

[@roberthummell3701]

Most particles have an opposite manifestation. Do photons?

[@algonice5894]

I am not Neal so i could be wrong but from what I read they don't decay so no there is not a negative photon, maybe 😂

[@04asad4l]

Yo Neil DaGrass keep this W Thumbnail 😂😂

[@Slantir]

at 26minutes when discussing we could be in a black hole, i've also considered this. Insane to hear someone else suggest it if even a possible theory

[@orangeblack1285]

Yea I remember when I got my tiny portable outdoor wood-burn stove a decade or so ago. You could also use tealight candles to heat stuff. So I tested, in my kitchen mind you, if two or three would get my morning coffee heat up faster, which it did. So I tried more and more candles.. turns out the whole thing was on fire at one point, I assume that was when it was so hot in there that not only the wigs where burning but also the wax. Was quite an impressive flame for that tiny stove. I tried to blow it out but it wouldn't work, so I placed it in the sink, away from other flammable material. But it would just not get less. I then tried to just pour the molten wax into the sink somehow and blow the rest out. Which actually worked. I spend the rest of the day pouring boiling water down the sink though, because the wax got solid again in the drain and it took ages of boiling water to melt it away down the drain.

[@bf99ls]

@StarTalk The issue I have (and always have had since first pondering the distortion of the fabric of spacetime by mass), is that describing it as a sort of rubber sheet (in the x and z coordinates), deformed by a mass (in the y coordinate), is essentially a two dimensional representation: if you think about it. The fabric of space time must necessarily be multidimensional (even though that is hard to describe), or else gravity would only work in one direction (as in the stretched rubber sheet model): which would no doubt make flat Earthers very happy. As for black holes, we always see them as if on a giant screen of stars, which we interpret as either looking straight through, or straight down the ‘hole’. However, that perception of the black hole would be the same from any point in space above, below, to the left, or to the right (for want of mathematical description). So irrespective of its apparent size, it ultimately compresses to a an infinitely small point. If I just had the intellect, another 70 odd years of life, an aptitude for advanced mathematics, astrophysics, and theoretical physics, I might just be in a position to write a paper to prove all this and get my own Nobel prize. As none of that is likely (or going) to happen, feel free to pick up the reins.

[@truedamagekieran1874]

they should make a scifi show featuring the Great Rip

[@TheGiggleMasterP]

Where is Lord Nice? I know he would have something enLIGHTening to say 😅

[@AlGaragui]

enWAVEring comment. 👏😜

[@grakkal]

I try to think of the "fabric" of spacetime more like the "gluten" of spacetime. Gluten is a three-dimensional, stretchy substance which can hold other things inside it by deforming. I've never really liked the 2D, or nearly 2D "Lycra" of spacetime.

[@randallbesch2424]

Gluten is a food addition to bulk it out.

[@atWay.]

🗨️ a series on metaphysics is awesome

[@RooZvonBooZ]

Great guest, great episode, thanks guys! ❤

[@willchb]

Nascar is not so simple as you suggest Dr. Tyson. The banking helps them turn at the speed they do, but still lateral friction happens (and is nearly maximized) just the same as in a non-banked turn. Drivers may not need to turn left to go left sometimes because the wheels aren't straight, even when the steering wheel is centered. Also contributes to this effect banking and uneven/asymmetrical weight distribution. And that means they usually need to turn right to go straight.

[@ryanrichardson-wk6ju]

Yeah I love Chuck but this guys really funny! Would love to see him and Chuck both be on here together. By far my favorite substitute host

[@barbaralemons4741]

Cool. You answered questions I hadn't thought to answer yet. Thanks.

[@johncaste5330]

When I was about four years old, I used to think that the wind was caused by the trees waving their branches

[@Dom_Meribel]

he did not answer the fire question lol we spotted his use of red herrings and repetition ... lol love this guy

[@notarealperson87]

14:11 - Neil dropping a quick Andrew Dice Clay impression

[@ivicaolic7512]

Dr Tyson...This is a Question related to Mix Liquids When i try to Mix Juice and water 50% each, which will be better to Mix in which way ? Taking in knowledge conscistency Same Question to Milk and coffee

[@luckrequired5382]

This was a really fun episode, thanks to Harrison and Neil! Edit: Neil, YOU ARE Magma P.I. you have the look of Tom Selleck already!

[@daemn42]

Corrections: 1. There is no such thing as "mechanical energy". There is only Potential Energy, and Kinetic Energy.. Taking the elevator up in a gravitational field, increases your potential energy.. Falling directly toward another object in a gravitational field increases your kinetic energy relative to that object, and hitting that object simply transfers your kinetic energy into the other object, producing kinetic energy in different directions (some of which is in the form of photons) which has mechanical effects. 2. Melted (liquid) wax does not need to be above the boiling temperature of water. You can drip candle wax onto your skin without being burnt by it. In fact, during candle making it is recommended to keep the temperature below 200F otherwise it can damage the wax's structure and color. If you raised the candle wax temperature up to the flash point (when its vapors burst into flame) then yes it is well above boiling temperature of water, but that's just a mistake, not a fundamental characteristic of melted candle wax. 3. Liquids (including candle wax) do not directly burn. They must first be heated until they vaporize into a gas, and *that* is what burns. A candle wick burning is an end effect, not causal. It is simply a vessel for liquid wax to be carried up to a point that the flame can turn it into a vapor and that is what burns. A wick only burns itself down when the level of the liquid wax drops far enough that it can't be wicked up in time to cool the wick itself (through the vaporization process).

[@Mr.Donahue]

Mechanical energy is the sum total of all kinetic and potential energy within a system.

[@daemn42]

@@Mr.Donahue Still makes it entirely meaningless in the context he used it though.

[@strcat666]

2:16 We used Binary candles after a while. We only light the one bits. 8:45 The flame can not burn liquid wax that is why the liquid puts out the candle. What happens is the flame vaporizes the wax. It is the wax vapper, heat and oxygen that burns.

[@LeaveMyFreedomBe]

I think we are probably mostly wrong about Black Holes.

[@BabySagan]

Probably is correct. Can't even imagine really. Wonder if we are truly inside a black hole too.

[@LeaveMyFreedomBe]

@@BabySagan Who knows. The universe is an amazing mystery. I don't think we're supposed to know it all. It's the never-ending journey that makes it so wonderful.

[@PaulTMaack0]

12 minutes in and he finished answering the question by not answering the question. Cool.

[@Nivola1953]

Simple candle question but my beloved Neil got lost in “too many factoids”. The wick draws the wax, which than is burnt, actually oxidised by the air Oxygen, the resulting exothermic reaction, causes the atoms of the produced gas to excite into a plasma and when they drop back to neutral state, they emit photons.

[@MicahJavaOnly]

I can't believe you visited Alma College, you were there on my fifth birthday and I was just down the road, but I did not know about KZbin, letalone you or astrophysics at the time. I just saw a signed poster from 2014 hanging on the wall advertising that you would be there when I was at the duel enrollment office today. I am going there as a duel enrolled student in January.

[@MatthewRulla]

We've been using pumped storage hydropower systems that generate power through gravity flow turbines at high peak energy times of the day and returning (pumping) water back uphill during off-peak hours for almost 100 years. Much of California's power grid uses this concept. Many lakes in the Western Sierras near the Feather River are famous for this technology.

[@beepborp7665]

heck yeah another StarTalk upload

[@lkburr]

In Michigan, we have a reservoir that when we have access energy, we pump the water from Lake Michigan into the reservoir, and then when we need energy, the water flows out of the reservoir through turbines to create electricity

[@MrBoomer-k6v]

Miss chuck😢

[@randallbesch2424]

Fine give others a chance and Chuck time to do his work.

[@ixlikexpiex420]

Great show Dr.

[@AlGaragui]

Singular and enlightening. No metaphor.

[@thirstfast1025]

Gat dangit Neil, the mantle isn't made of magma. You can get melts in the mantle, just like you can get melts in the asthenosphere and the lithosphere, but that isn't necessary for hydrothermals that sustain chemosynthesis. All you need is wet rock deep enough to be hot enough to mobilize the water. It drives me absolutely crazy when people who act as scientific authorities perpetuate the idea that the mantle is liquid. IT'S SOLID!

[@TKOHEARTS]

QUESTION 2... if we measure the ripples wouldn't we know of every other black hole we can't see? Aka echolocation

[@7733n]

Someone correct me if i'm wrong. But I think we only recently discovered they exist and the technology is still in its infancy. I think the european space agency is going to be launching three satellites with the same technology to trail earth's orbit and start to detect more gravitational waves. Then we can start to analyze the data to, as you say. Look for every other black hole.

[@g-urts5518]

What I'd like to know: from my understanding, all objects (anything with mass) that interacts in anyway with something else with mass, should produce gravitational waves, even if infinitesimally small ones. Does this mean that there may come a day when our detectors get so good, that there becomes to much background noise from much smaller interactions. I do understand that with our current way of detecting them the size of the detector would have to be enormous. Like solar systems wide or more. But basically, does this mean we can essentially now, put an upper size limit on what would be practical for a gravitational wave detector? Forgetting all the other situff like materials science and whatnot. Just from the standpoint of how the detector actually works

[@Femaiden]

that first question. . .Neil had some interesting knowledge there, but . .he never actually answered the question, lol. In fact, I had forgotten even what the question was and had to go back to the beginning. she wanted to know where photon came from and neil focused on the candles and how candle wax burns. he did touch on it slightly when he talked about the potential energy and briefly mentioned how an electron can go from a higher orbit down to a lower orbit and then went off on a tangent. again, very interesting and entertaining to hear him talk, but yeah, didn't really answer the question.

[@Chrisx093]

We miss you, Chuck 😭 star talk just isn't the same without him

[@MandolinKasi]

When wax is suddenly placed directly on a burning wick, it immediately cuts off the oxygen supply, extinguishing the flame. However, when the wick gradually draws wax from within, it has a continuous oxygen supply from outside, allowing it to keep burning steadily.

[@kennethswenson6214]

Amazon just "beamed in" the "Merlin's Guide..." book this afternoon.

[@edbruder9975]

The wax is too cold to support flame, that's why it puts out the candle. It gets hotter as it rises up the wick , evaporates, and supports the flame. It's not too much wax, it's just too cold to evaporate and ignite.

[@-jb5701]

"I think the glue was for repairing his books. A lot of the items on his bookshelves were a lot like books in themselves. I think the books cost more then the bookshelves." - a quote about Neil deGrasse Tyson's office.

[@garciavashchino1]

Harrison Greenbaum is really SHARP dude!!! I'm listening to his rebuts from Tyson's intel and I can't stop laughing... we need him on the show more often with your partner so we can have a comedy first, science maybe... J/K, just saying he funny!!!

[@RobMcShrob]

I couldn't think of a bigger inspiration to my love for science other than the man the myth the legend Neil Degrasse Tyson

[@davidt3956]

If you ignite the fabric at the center of the candle while you're in the bathroom, you're an action star. Yes, John Wick.

[@frogz]

wow, everyone in comments is missing chuck, this guy isnt bad though! never have that 1 girl you had on the live stage tour, please never have her back, chuck is one of my favorite parts of the show and am sad whenever he isnt on but this guy isnt bad

[@playmusic8056]

Plucked the sun, planet goes off on a tangent, only worms and crustaceans from volcanic vents under water survive... Those things evolving sentience and language and eventually space exploration sounds like the plot to a great Robert L Forward book.

[@joshuachartrand268]

Goodjob you two! Good interaction

[@oldengineer1519]

This is a timely Q&A as I've been reading Kip Thorne's Black Holes and Time Warps. "Black hole" is only the best named thing if you aren't in France. 😉

[@kris.andrews]

Can confirm, don’t put water on a molten candle! As a child my brother and I thought it would be a good idea to pour water into a tea light candle… how we didn’t burn the house down I don’t know 😀

[@echo123.0]

Things we can’t see are definitely the most exciting!

[@KingKaam]

What if a black hole is a rip in space time and everything is being sucked into it.

[@randallbesch2424]

The Simpsons did it that way.

[@SiqueScarface]

The Sun has the big advantage that it is literally NIMBY: 90 million miles away from any back yard.

[@igi-chan]

31:20 We in-fact know that Neil is like the constant of the Multiverse. He is always at the Planetarium 😂 We know this because in Superman, he is in the DC universe and still there ❤ 😂

[@AndrewBackhouse1]

Less interruptions than normal meant it was a lot easier to understand

[@4050ac]

Neil 🤓 The reason why liquid wax extinguishes the candle is that wax only burns in gas form (on the wick) and therefore liquid wax does not burn at the candle temperature and the flame goes out

[@FantasticExplorers]

Oh good, light easy going questions!

[@MikeB-l9j]

So where did the photon from the candle come from? How does burning create photons?

[@ZedOhZed]

Q: How do candles emit photons? Neil: So imagine someone jumping out of a window....

[@-_Nuke_-]

LMAO im dying 🤣 that joke just made the entire episode 39:13 🤣🤣🤣

[@සිංහයෝ-ස2ර]

Hey sir Tyson I have a cool experiment for u - the accidents and safety if we can move the front seats 3/4 inches backwards the time that impact the momentum fowrd u moving backwards u r the center (assume) u can’t feel the full force of impact 10/3 pre will reduced its has to