Railroading so precise, they derail the same type of cars at the same location!
@Bassotronics4 ай бұрын
Centerbeams have been the cause of many accidents lately. They are the lightest rail cars when unloaded. Improper consist is the issue.
@marcusthelion90515 жыл бұрын
Oh NS when will you learn?! Centerbeams go at the Back!
@1ndygirl5 жыл бұрын
At least they keep the silliness on the outside track 3.
@janekiceniuk15785 жыл бұрын
We've I figured that out, & I know nothing about this stuff
@hifijohn5 жыл бұрын
You think the engineers would have said something at least took the curve very slowly.
@1ndygirl5 жыл бұрын
@@hifijohn speed isn't the issue. Heavy engines and heavy freight cars (or a long string of them) pull the lightweight cars into a straight line and off of a curved track.
@Harveycartoonlvr115 жыл бұрын
You know...that is WHAT I WAS THINKING TOO! Good Lord...What Next...NS has had it's share of Derailments in Pennsylvania this year!
@trmn3115 жыл бұрын
The guy and his wife took off like it was their fault! C’mon on Mildred let’s get out of here! 😂
@TNS175 жыл бұрын
trmn311 😂🤣
@johncochran29075 жыл бұрын
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@tomy.18465 жыл бұрын
LOL!!
@A65impalass5 жыл бұрын
😂😂
@lowjamz8285 жыл бұрын
I thought that was hilarious. I can understand being surprised by it. But they took off like they were in some serious danger LOL!
@filmer7655 жыл бұрын
Lesson learned: When hauling a freight train (long or short) on any railroad, Centerbeam cars always go on the back, not the front, nor the middle.
@thomasboese37935 жыл бұрын
Due to railfan pressure, Horseshoe Curve is renamed to Derailment Hill Curve after the 3rd derailment in 6-weeks. NS spokesperson has no comment.
@michaelbeard31925 жыл бұрын
Stringline the long empties up front trying to pull a heavy train. Lets hear if for "Precision Railroading".
@13BGunBunny4 жыл бұрын
Burn.
@alexandergrube64375 жыл бұрын
Norfolk Southern: there was another derailment at Horseshoe Curve MOW workers: *say sike right now*
@Narpets21125 жыл бұрын
Might I suggest that anytime you see a train come through with empty centerbeams in front, you keep the camera focused on them?
@bfurailroad11045 жыл бұрын
Bill, this camera is not manned 24hrs a day, only certain times of the day.
@traintimebigmachines5 жыл бұрын
that is something to keep in mind, thanks!! wow
@TheDiveO5 жыл бұрын
Maybe some AI could control the camera, and with the rail companies providing so much footage these days suitable for AI training...
@13BGunBunny4 жыл бұрын
Yes! Most people at least have a phone to whip out.
@13BGunBunny4 жыл бұрын
@@bfurailroad1104 I think that he was talking about us, the people that like train crashes. "anytime you see" Note the word *you* in there?
@Bmorang5 жыл бұрын
This is becoming the Ashland of derailments
@chsrails5 жыл бұрын
Yes
@timsering99645 жыл бұрын
those empty, light weight wood racks up front...should have been in the rear....they just pulled across the chord of of the arc
Whoever keeps putting those empty centerbeams at the head of trains that have to travel around the Horseshoe with that steep of a grade needs to lose their job!
@kc4cvh5 жыл бұрын
His name is Gomez Addams.
@jarhead4God5 жыл бұрын
And this includes the engineer and the conductor!!!
@ohboy25925 жыл бұрын
jarhead4God and why should the engineer and conductor lose their jobs?
@Andrew-135795 жыл бұрын
@@kc4cvh LOL
@jarhead4God5 жыл бұрын
@@ohboy2592 It's in the rule book
@intimidate21615 жыл бұрын
Who ever put this train together missed a physics class and has no common sense. Light cars go to the back.
@markfryer98805 жыл бұрын
Not to mention not reading a recent article in TRAINS magazine about train make up and how to avoid this.
@WSOR66045 жыл бұрын
You guys sure have it figured out.
@shadetreeforge5 жыл бұрын
Any model rail roader knows you don't makeup a train like that! obviously the yardmaster never played with trains as a kid or he would have known this!
@samiam6195 жыл бұрын
Frank Strock OTOH, most model Railroaders only pull empty cars...
@markfryer98805 жыл бұрын
True but even modelers have trouble with cars like spine cars and finished lumbar cars.
@Bassotronics3 жыл бұрын
Improper consist. Empty centerbeams right behind the loco on a curve pulling heavier railcars is not really a good idea. “String-lining” took effect here.
@damien_epic50275 жыл бұрын
NS: just a little mistake Train people: center beams in the back pls
@prrboy93595 жыл бұрын
Ns derailments before 2019: were fine Ns derailments now: not fine not fine
@avajameson7055 жыл бұрын
At this rate, we'll be out of centerbeams by 2026!
@lateefcarrere16495 жыл бұрын
Horseshoe Curve: I've got another derailment! That's 2 in 3 weeks! 11'8" bridge: Rookie!
@RRIA_America5 жыл бұрын
1:28 Those two on the bench were out of there!
@rascallyrabbit7175 жыл бұрын
A train not moving is of little use
@mikejordan82595 жыл бұрын
I saw that!
@ethancundiff64225 жыл бұрын
They missed the intermodal 3 minutes later!
@Clam735 жыл бұрын
Lol. When I was a kid in the 80s playing with my HO layout I knew not to put such a type of empty car in the front like that because it would pull on it going around a curve and might derail.
@beerybill5 жыл бұрын
Someone sure mucked up. I have a large S scale layout in the garage and would never make up a consist like that.
@omega7b9485 жыл бұрын
NS railroad, New Stringlines
@TNS175 жыл бұрын
Stephen I. Northfolk Southern* btw nice joke xD
@mikeday69085 жыл бұрын
Nice! Ha!
@BlueRailz5 жыл бұрын
Don't put Centerbeam in the front
@CPWindsorsub5 жыл бұрын
Don't put empty cars up front in general.
@Levelworm5 жыл бұрын
@@CPWindsorsub Just curious, is it because they are too close to the engine and not heavy enough? And the heavier ones behind will kind of squeeze them?
@CPWindsorsub5 жыл бұрын
@@Levelworm Yeah the heavy cars behind and the locomotives in front of the empties act like anchors. When going around curves the heavy cars/locos on either end make the lighter cars lift off the rails and attempt to to go in a straight line instead of around the turn. That's why the term is straightlining.
@Levelworm5 жыл бұрын
@@CPWindsorsub Ah that makes sense, thank you!
@hifijohn5 жыл бұрын
After 200 years of railroading in america you think these guys would learn.
@bigboy43845 жыл бұрын
Ok, I'm going to have to explain to everyone about the dangers of putting empty cars up front.
@TheSjuris5 жыл бұрын
267 empties, 15 full cars and no helpers.
@CSX47725 жыл бұрын
Someone is going to get fired...
@bigboy43845 жыл бұрын
If you have a voice and are against Precision Railroading, speak out. People are going to die. Imagine if that CSX freight in Wellington was loaded with crude oil. Imagine if Amtrak was passing by the freight when it derailed. If a higher operating ratio means higher safety, than it is worth it.
@TheSjuris5 жыл бұрын
@@CSX4772 didnt last time
@bigboy43845 жыл бұрын
@@eastcoastrailproductions5559 Maybe I wasn't clear enough but yes you are correct. That should never happen. The fact that it happened twice in a month should indicate something is wrong
@Railmovercom5 жыл бұрын
fairly broad curve that can create lateral forces on empty rail cars at the front-especially tippy ones like centerbeams
@370H-SSV5 жыл бұрын
Malfunction Junction how does it Function?????
@epiccsx4 жыл бұрын
So much for Norfolk Southern What's Your Function
@cpzackproductions88215 жыл бұрын
Sounds like Altoona needs a new yard master
@MicahLongo5 жыл бұрын
35A originated at Enola
@x412x45 жыл бұрын
It’s not Altoona building that train
@KCUnionStationTrains5 жыл бұрын
Lol the couple & the guy at 1:25. the couple gets up like the train is about to hit them 😂😂
@westep42735 жыл бұрын
Surprised this isn't Csx 😂
@sparky1071075 жыл бұрын
the yard master should be fired. he does even know, don't put light weight cars at the front of a train.. twice now.
@pennsylvaniamodelrailroad5 жыл бұрын
I had the exact same thought Sparky. You would think he would be EXTRA cautious after the first time.
@JoelTurrell5 жыл бұрын
Perhaps he should be sued by his employer
@WSOR66045 жыл бұрын
@@JoelTurrell Seriously?
@mikeday69085 жыл бұрын
Depends on rules for train make up. Under 5500 tons on some RR there aren't any train make up restrictions other than hazmat placement. Never like empty anything on the head end.
@Cpr12345 жыл бұрын
Train: *derails* Couple: ight we're gonna head out
@mansfielddepotconnecticutr12245 жыл бұрын
Uh guys does this mean no burgers tonight?
@fredfrederickson5 жыл бұрын
That couple on the bench wanted no part of that lol
@victoriacyunczyk5 жыл бұрын
Penn Central lives on...
@nyccrcsx5 жыл бұрын
Is penn central back again?😂
@rogermolina12445 жыл бұрын
Like a Britney Spears song........ Oops I Did It Again🤣🤣🤣
@thomasboese37935 жыл бұрын
OR, the kid on TV in the '80s; Steve something or another, Quote: "Did I do that?"
@jordonfreeman1665 жыл бұрын
You mean Steve Urkel?
@DaimosZ5 жыл бұрын
I see NS is trying to pay tribute to the Penn Central with its current rail operations
@Denniss74205 жыл бұрын
*Heritage* Operations to match their paint schemes :)
@PannierLaw5 жыл бұрын
Man this is becoming the Death Valley of trains
@beercommercial15 жыл бұрын
Three empty centerbeam cars right at the front, pulling uphill on a notorious curve. What did they think was going to happen?
@kurtwarner45855 жыл бұрын
Oops!! Shouldn't the empty wood cars be put on the end of the train or stagger the empty cars throughout the train?
@stephenroberts48955 жыл бұрын
Yes!
@pr111bprr65 жыл бұрын
Must be flatlanders running a mountain railroad 😂
@aphotographerfromcaliforni26615 жыл бұрын
You know, I’ve learned this through my Lionel Train set Never set light empty freight cars at the front of a heavy consist; it increases the chance of a derailment and in this case, the train did end up derailing
@nicollestallkamp36555 жыл бұрын
Unless you want train schedules thrown out of whack, put empty cars at the rear of the train.
@CardboardSliver5 жыл бұрын
Lemme fix this. Unless you want your train schedules thrown out of whack Put your lights cars in back.
@colonelcactus24625 жыл бұрын
Wasn’t this the problem with the F45? The heavy locomotives and light passenger cars as well as the locomotive weight being mostly in the back with the steam generator caused derailments.
@nicollestallkamp36555 жыл бұрын
@@colonelcactus2462 That was the SDP40F, the F45 was a freight locomotive.
@brandonkoole6555 жыл бұрын
Who's the amateur putting these trains together!? Even on model railroads, heavy cars up front, light ones in back.
@nowake5 жыл бұрын
Learned this one down on my Grandpa's layout in the basement when I was 9
@CPWindsorsub5 жыл бұрын
Who's the idiot that keeps adding empties to the head end of these trains? Do the train masters decide how these trains are blocked, or do the crews decide when they make lifts from other yards? I'm assuming there's some sort of formula they use when calculating weight distribution, and what the optimal distribution is for the subdivision(s) the train is on.
@mikeday69085 жыл бұрын
I am sure there is a train make up, varies by subdivision and carrier. This train probably complied with restrictions or it wouldn't have left the yard.
@rrboomboomer53255 жыл бұрын
My pop, B&O Trainmaster......turning in his grave!
5 жыл бұрын
At 1:30 ..it's the elderly couple. THEY did it. They planned it , watched it to make sure it derailed , then tried to play it off like nothing happened. Probably on the old fellas bucket list or something..derail a train. "Martha if you love me you'll come with me to watch". Might have gotten the idea from the guy on The Addams Family. Didn't he have a fetish of blowing up trains and derailing them ?
@samiam6195 жыл бұрын
Colorado Strong That was Gomez Addams.
@GhoStrider-bg5ln5 жыл бұрын
If those lumber cars had gone all the way over, would it have caused a collision with th e other train that passed by short moments after? On that note, how that second train's team felt going by, like seeing someone broke down on the side of the freeway?
@rickenbacker3155 жыл бұрын
They just want to get home. They don't really care much..
@GhoStrider-bg5ln5 жыл бұрын
@@rickenbacker315 I guess so. Friday afternoon, I wanna get home too, but safe and in one piece, and without anyone else being hurt either
@fox5news685 жыл бұрын
My train after trying to run an auto rack on 18 inch radius curves.
@dougslittlediesel5 жыл бұрын
Same as before. Light cars ahead of heavy cars and pushed em right off the tracks down grade. Double and triple trailer set ups always have the heavy trailer first. Lighter trailer on back.
@cletrac12c725 жыл бұрын
Other train going by, " Ha! look at those rookies!"
@michaelharman78235 жыл бұрын
I think the centerbeams cars are too light with heavier cars behind them actually being pulled towards the center of the circle, I noticed that being right behind the engines before it derailed. It's OK if you are always going straight ahead but in a fairly sharp turn they will be torn lose from the track and pulled away from the track.
@railyardfilms64915 жыл бұрын
Are there Mario kart bananas on ns hsc causeing mayham with from
@taoskid87695 жыл бұрын
Empty centerbeams behind all that power? Thats trouble waiting to happen.
@moyomongoose19805 жыл бұрын
When I first starting viewing this video, I had guessed it would be those empty building material cars that would derail. Enough heavier cars to require three locomotives to pull them, and those lighter weight building material cars being directly behind the locomotives, I'd say the resistance of the rest of the cars on a sharp curve pulled those material carriers off toward the inside of the curve.
@scottfw71695 жыл бұрын
Yep. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to assemble a train. But maybe they ought to hire a few anyway.
@michaelbujaki24622 жыл бұрын
You're right, but they're called centerbeam flatcars. Why it's centerbeam and not centertruss I have no idea.
@ZaphodTHEBeeblebrox5 жыл бұрын
so! im a big dumbie, what exactly are the center beams thats everyone is commenting about? and how do they factor into the derailments? thank you in advance!
@ZaphodTHEBeeblebrox5 жыл бұрын
Destroya oh that makes sense! thank you for explaining it to me, i appreciate it!
@albertcyphers15325 жыл бұрын
I wonder if flange greasers might make a difference?
@glendasmilesalot29595 жыл бұрын
Wow! The reaction of the couple is scary. I often wonder what I would do if I saw a derailment in person. Glad everyone is ok! Thanks for posting this @Virtual Railfan!
@AmtrakStop145 жыл бұрын
Stringlined ‘em. Empty centerbeams right behind the locomotives....
@loganbaileysfunwithtrains6065 жыл бұрын
From both an efficiency standpoint and a physics stand point, why would you put the lightest load on the front while going up a grade?
@BenWillKing5 жыл бұрын
And both derailments involved yellow centerbeam flats at the front. Gotta be something defective with the yellow ones. 😏
@dustyj40375 жыл бұрын
Yellow is the lightest of all the colors. Red or green is heavier and therefore the derailment might not of happened
@brownpcsuncedu5 жыл бұрын
Maybe they didn't have enough graffiti? All the extra weight of that spray paint, y'know... ;-)
@emeraldzebra93605 жыл бұрын
Why would you pull such light cars at the front? Sure if you can't switch them around you have no choice but did they never play with a trainset? We used to have that issue all the time!
@subgod5 жыл бұрын
A good question to ask during the interview process for that job would be: have you ever owned or operated a miniature railroad? Would help avoid dumb mistakes like this... 👍
@cody82172 жыл бұрын
That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard...
@C3r39att15 жыл бұрын
Aren't train crews allowed to refuse trains, or does only locomotives? I would've taken one look at that lash up with the centerbeams up front and said "no f"n way!"
@dgwachtel5 жыл бұрын
Just have an HO test track with sharp curves for testing my refurbished power and cars. The other day I put heavy cars in the back of a consist in error and string lined something like ten of the fifteen cars in the consist, putting them on their sides on the inside of the curve. I was going slow too. It looked like the last H.C. derailment only with different freight cars. The same physics apply! Amazing that they made that mistake twice in three weeks. -Dave
@donnebes94215 жыл бұрын
dgwachtel you retired ns?
@dgwachtel5 жыл бұрын
Nope. I've encountered the sting lining several times modelling HO though. Worked as a research assistant and then a software developer in R&D. Just getting back into railroad modelling over the last few years, resuming from where I left off as a teenager. My uncle was a conductor for NYC though. Didn't see much of him growing up. Alas no free train/cab rides 🙁 My elementary school was located adjacent to a large rail yard. All the kids were into trains. There was a nearby bridge over the yard where many of us went to train watch. Putting coins on a rail was common practice in those days as well. - Dave
@eastamericantrains5895 жыл бұрын
Did this train have helpers?
@OpenRoader5 жыл бұрын
OK, I'm no engineer, but I know from having model trains since I was 5 that YOU CAN'T PUT THE LIGHT CARS AT THE FRONT IN A TIGHT CORNER!!!!!
@mikegross61075 жыл бұрын
Wow, didn't realize there were so many train authorities out there! You guys need to get back with the railroad companies and give them a hand!
@anb7408 Жыл бұрын
It actually doesn’t take a rocket scientist to figure this one out. But it does take someone with brains, which NS is not accustomed to hiring……as evident by this video.
@bobcrawford50835 жыл бұрын
why would they have empty light cars right behind all that torque ?
@amandagreen19745 жыл бұрын
Well this evening l am going to go check that sinkhole under RR marker 390 located in Sylacauga Alabama. It is growing. Last weekend a highway was shut down here in Sylacauga due to a 12-14 ft Sinkhole.
@sleepyjay26645 жыл бұрын
Anyone know if the center beams from the previous derailment are still sitting in the woods? Watched the current feed for awhile, but the camera didn't pan in that direction.
@derail145 жыл бұрын
i know some west coast rr ,s required 5 loads on the head end to prevent this sort of thing, in rail talk its called string lining.
@jenniferwolf11135 жыл бұрын
What happened to the Cam at this site? It's like they just took it down.
@geoffreylee51993 жыл бұрын
Who is putting these trains together? Accountants?
@achimgazelle36415 жыл бұрын
It is not possible to couple light wagons behind the locomotives and thus pull a long heavy train. At the latest in a narrow radius the light wagons will fall over. how can you create such a train constellation.
@gerikucinski24275 жыл бұрын
I almost have to wonder if they changed a key person or two recently in the yard (retirement, etc) and the new person still hasn’t quite figured it out.
@stephenhunter705 жыл бұрын
It could also be that this not putting empty flats etc at the front is "old school" stuff that the yard managers etc might not be aware of. The other thing is it might be happening to "save time" but removing them from the train with the trains locos when they arrive at their destination.
@NoFear24736515 жыл бұрын
Dude really!? That's why you dont put center beams in the front!
@mikeday69085 жыл бұрын
Without seeing the train list, not sure if the cars directly behind the center beams are loaded or empty. Edit* Having just read the story link it appears the 6 cars that derailed were empty.
@patrickoguinn45535 жыл бұрын
Empty centerbeams on the headend and all that power will try to straighten out the curve everytime.
@daviddowling98305 жыл бұрын
The engineers should not start their train when they see the consist is not distributed properly
@CPWindsorsub5 жыл бұрын
They might not be able to make that call. I would think it's the train master's or yard master's job at the originating yard to make sure the train is distributed properly. Helper sets coming out of sync from the head-end or vice versa can also cause this but if that was the case here there would be a good chance everything that was on the curve would have derailed.
@colossusofclout7275 жыл бұрын
CPWindsorsub Actually it wouldn’t be the Yardmasters fault because it’s the Conductors responsibility to make sure the train make up is correct! And all the weight of the cars are in order.
@ohboy25925 жыл бұрын
colossus of clout wrong. It’s not the conductors responsible for checking the placement of any cars other than those that have restrictions. Empty center beams are not restricted cars.
@rickenbacker3155 жыл бұрын
@@ohboy2592 Exactly right. The conductor makes sure the head 6 cars are in compliance as far as hazard placement.
@robertreynolds70495 жыл бұрын
PSR at its best!!!! They covered up a derailment already.... NS LAID OFF of a bunch of people that maintain these locomotives passing through here. Reported record profits 2 days after. Not enough people to run a major shop now. Rushing people around on top of it... This is what you get. PSR IS A MONEY GRAB FOR STOCKHOLDERS. THEY REDUCE THE WORKFORCE THAT MAINTAIN THE ENGINES- THEN TRY TO COVER UP THE RESULTS. Safety for the employees and the public is no concern anymore.
@Madhuntr5 жыл бұрын
workers who gotta rescue those waggons will go "WE JUST CLEANED UP THE LAST ONE!"
@WayneEdwardsVoiceovers5 жыл бұрын
Gheee! You'd think that they would have figured it out the last time this happened that those empty Center Beam cars could be a problem..
@Stargaze.4 жыл бұрын
what is wrong with the track?. Are the crew is noob at installing the rails?
@TheBrickGuy79395 жыл бұрын
Light wagons at the back!
@carrieslantern92245 жыл бұрын
Well this truly suck's to see. Hopefully everyone is ok. Is it bad track ? Not enough engine power ? Or the way they arrange the car's ? Or a combination of multiple issues ?
@jeffreyhueseman70615 жыл бұрын
It's how they arranged the cars
@seancarter24555 жыл бұрын
How that keep happening
@magmajctaz14055 жыл бұрын
I see two possible causes explained in the comments here. Putting empties at the front of the train, as this will lead to "straightlining" or "stringlining". Another possible cause is center beams at the front, "loaded" or "unloaded". I don't see an explanation for this. What's wrong with center beams?
@Leland450285 жыл бұрын
Empty they are too light thats all.
@williamritter57415 жыл бұрын
Empties at the front. Who built this train?
@MrMark850445 жыл бұрын
hello rail yard, who put that train together. Joe raise his hand. Hey, dont you also work for RJ Corman? Maybe!!!!!
@dennismanbook4 жыл бұрын
Looks like an string line type of derailment having the lighter empty cars going off track and heavier cars likely at the back of train. That also happens with model and toy trains when going around tight curves whenever heavier cars are at the back and light cars up front.
@ernierobinson48925 жыл бұрын
I thought lighter freight cars always stay in the back to distribute to overall weight so the gravity won't force it hard back and forth when couplers slack Am I saying this correct? Correct me if I'm wrong lol
@rickenbacker3155 жыл бұрын
In a perfect world, that would seem logical. Unfortunately, when trains are blocked at the yard, the only thing they care about is not having class 2 dangerous cars within the first 5 from the head end. Other than that, they try to make up the train by station order, or close to it. They might double 6 or 7 tracks together to build this train. loads and empties scattered throughout. When they get to the next yard, they might set out the head 70 cars and pick up another 70 cars.
@TRARP055 жыл бұрын
Again?
@JoblyJohnny5 жыл бұрын
Why did I just got an ad on how to clean blood of an axe
@thetrainchannel51255 жыл бұрын
I'm going through there on an Amtrak but NOPE!
@alexthemtaandr211weatherfa25 жыл бұрын
Amtrak sucks.
@GeorgeJansen5 жыл бұрын
Who will get fired? Who's at fault?
@williamlenoch15265 жыл бұрын
I've heard doing the same thing over and over expecting different results is the definition of....well, NS!
@ThatBoyWithAJeepLibertyRenegad5 жыл бұрын
You have got to be kidding me. There are way to many derailments going on rn and I don't know why.
@ekt87505 жыл бұрын
Idiot yard masters not putting trains together correctly
@ThatBoyWithAJeepLibertyRenegad5 жыл бұрын
@@ekt8750 yep. That's why you put emptyies on back so if you lose lighter cars you won't lose half the dang train with it
@CMOTrains7835 жыл бұрын
PSR
@ThatBoyWithAJeepLibertyRenegad5 жыл бұрын
@@CMOTrains783 what do u mean by that?
@CPWindsorsub5 жыл бұрын
@@ThatBoyWithAJeepLibertyRenegad With NS's use of helpers here putting them on the back might not be the best place for them either. Somewhere in the middle of the train between lighter loaded cars.
@ChakatNightspark5 жыл бұрын
YAY for a Safe Rerailment
@nikkitrucking5 жыл бұрын
Same way when my train model got derailment. Always when a light cars goes at the front.
@mauroshaddai33324 жыл бұрын
wow awesome derailment greetings from Mexico 🇲🇽 👋
@jjaagg50505 жыл бұрын
Maybe all center beam cars should be at the end of the train. The empty ones at least.