Second Longest Siege in History: The (Staggering) Siege of Candia 1648-1669

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The siege of Candia was characterized by a struggle for supplies at sea, a war of attrition on land and an unprecedented intensity of mine warfare. The siege was part of the Cretan War in which Candia was the last major stronghold on the island to remain in the hands of the Venetian Republic. This is how contemporary historiography recounts the staggering siege of Candia.
Patreon: / sandrhomanhistory
Bibliography:
Duffy, C., Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great 1680-1798, Vol. 2, London 1985.
Duffy, C., Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494-1660, Vol. 1, London 1979.
Eleni Thalassinou, Costas Tsiamis, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou, Angelos Hatzakis, Biological Warfare Plan in the 17th Century-the Siege of Candia, 1648-1669, in: Emerg Infect Dis. 21 (12/2015), p. 2148-2153.
Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923, London 2006.
Glozier, Matthew, The Long Siege of Candia (1648-1669), in: Morton, Nicholas, The Military Orders volume VII. Piety, Pugnacity and Property, London 2019.
Setton, Kenneth M., Venice, Austria and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century, (Mem Am Phil Soc 192), Princeton 1991.
Mason, Norman David, The War of Candia 1645-1669, Ann Arbor 1973.
Paoletti, Giro, A Military History of Italy, Westport 2008.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Thanks to Audible for sponsoring this video! Start listening with a 30-day Audible trial. Choose one audiobook and two Audible Originals absolutely free: audible.com/sandrhoman or text sandrhoman to 500-500.

[@johngalt3614]

Thanks for making such good videos. I live your channel it's on par with the other best history channels like bow tie guy and others.

[@gabrielcurraj3994]

I wish I could give you oscar award and 10 million subs best channel for early modern technology and warfare.Also can you make a viedo how to build a Bastion fort or all field fortifications explained

[@brokenbridge6316]

This video was great. And I think this siege was more dramatic than Troy itself.

[@bjorntorlarsson]

This is great! I read quite a bit about 17th century Europe in the 1990s, and last year I've studied quite some naval warfare history (as a private person using fantastic resources like this). Still I had never heard of this war! Naval warfare history people should certainly take a closer look at the events during this long war. It's great that you give attention to (publicly) lesser known and accessible episodes of history. The dominance and maturation of history presentations that are of more immediate interest to the English speaking countries, gives the "niches" covered here ever increasing content value. The illustrations are a bit funny by today's standards. But they do add both some humor and a feeling for the time in question.

[@sgdk_1044]

Thank you very much for the content you create and share. I would be very grateful if you reveal what programs you use for animating historical maps. I'm interested in history too and would like to create similar maps for my project. Thanks in advance. P.S. I'm not going to compete with you, as I work for Ukrainian-speaking audience.

[@edwhite7078]

You know your seige is not going well when after 20 years the garrison still has cavalry

[@ferchulanderful]

XDDDD

[@MrRamazanLale2]

And your spelling

[@hoticeparty]

@@MrRamazanLale2 epic burn

[@takezokimura2571]

They had time to breed more horses.

[@VioletMilks]

@@takezokimura2571 well… that proves his point even more doesn’t it?

[@Aku6Soku1Zan]

The French did more damage to the defenders than the ottomans.

[@Gothmetalhead13]

And like typical French, they ran away

[@Dexusaz]

@@Gothmetalhead13 Most recorded victories of any country... so hardly typical for the French.

[@CaptMoerik]

@@Dexusaz Either the French win, or they run away before they lose.

[@Rayan2Musikahan]

Maybe it's more of a french prejudice of the Italians at this time.

[@Dexusaz]

@@CaptMoerik I'm not even French, but that's just not true. They had some of the best armies and generals ever.

[@NathanaelKeller]

This is probably the only siege ever to be lost because they got reinforced.

[@martinplojhar]

Being the worst ally is a national tradition for France...

[@Ihavpickle]

They got unreinforced

[@rhs5683]

By french, so the average moral sunk.

[@samwisegamgee8318]

Frenchmen literally count as negative troops. French women however are still worth something in a fight, hence why they needed a little girl to bail them out of being occupied by the english

[@HFFCANADA]

​@@samwisegamgee8318​​​almost as useless a Americans, at least the french will bring cheese. Everyone loves cheese

[@guest273]

Francesco Morosini: *Holds Candia for 21 years straight* Philipp II: Nah fam, this ain't holdable, I'm out, cya! *Leaves while shattering troop morale*

[@yektaadguzel9294]

“Let’s go. In and out. 20 minutes adventure. “ -Ottoman Grand Vizier before the siege of Candia

[@aksmex2576]

We'll be home for Christmas, that's what they all say.

[@SirNarax]

Looks like he used the wrong measurement of time.

[@useodyseeorbitchute9450]

That are Ottomans. So it would be: We'll be home for Ramadan. ;)

[@bigtechdicktators6704]

ever heard about odyseuus and his campaign ?

[@SirNarax]

Although upon second thought. Is it possible that this is just one of those things that someone later wrote down to make the event more significant or for story purposes? The words of generals and leaders get written down a lot by people that were not there to write it. This is a long winded way to say is there a source?

[@neutronalchemist3241]

The Grand Vizir to the Sultan: "We have weakened them sir!" The Sultan: "How?" The Grand Vizir: "They got old!"

[@GuderII]

And France

[@iLaeyes]

Lol

[@KunglawAdy]

HAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAA

[@thesexybatman263]

The Sultan: "But so did we."

[@krishnenduray1758]

wrong ..we allowed the french to enter

[@pugswillfly3211]

What puts it into perspective for me, is that the Executions of Charles I, the abolition of the monarchy, the lord protectorate, the restoration of the monarchy and the great fire of london all happened while this siege was ongoing. An entire era of english history passed while one siege outlived it.

[@darealmrog]

And the French ruined an entire army, ruined all the defences and retreated in the matter of days. Classic french experience.

[@johnwright9372]

English history was not important in the light of these epic events.

[@tacidar558]

XD

[@nofearofwater]

@@johnwright9372Are you mad your country wasn’t around so you have no reference? Because these are common things Europeans would know like the Great Fire of London, English history is also OUR history like Venice history is also our history.

[@thefourfourfour9512]

​. Every city burnt at one time or another. No one cares about England and they're fake claims about potato cakes or fish and

[@abatesnz]

@37:00 - we were doing fine for 20 years until the French turned up, launched an ad hoc raid that cost them 1200 men when a mine was set off against them, caused disarray when their flagship exploded, called us cowards for fortifying the ramparts and bulwarks, then flounced off in disgust.

[@hibye7385]

The amount arrogance you would have to criticize a commander after they have went through holding on to a besieged settlement for years is staggering in itself.

[@nocensorship8092]

well or rather the amount of common sense. would you defend some city for twenty years or would you want to leave and enjoy good wine and cheese and clams and whatever French people love

[@MrLurkProduction]

@@nocensorship8092 leave it to the french to tuck tail and run 😳

[@BrazilianImperialist]

@@nocensorship8092 Frogs

[@tomorbataar5922]

Good example of why you need to select the most fitting person for the job. This idiot was probably just in it for the glory, I can imagine thing would've gone differently had the french sent a leader more interested in cooperating and learning from the venetians and their experience.

[@noiJadisCailleach]

@@nocensorship8092 Same can be said for the siegers. Twenty years trying to siege a city and no sex? That's just rough, man. At least inside the city, the commander has a supply of women.

[@horvathrichard862]

Venetian general: The siege was going well. Then we got French reinforcements...

[@realkorti]

As usual. French fucked it uö

[@cpp3221]

@@realkorti Not really as usual : France is the country with the most impressive military history of humanity, with more than 1000 years of constant warfare.

[@realkorti]

@@cpp3221 Not very impressive to lose all these, including their war against themselves

[@autokrator_]

@@realkorti Pick up a history book.

[@cpp3221]

@@realkorti They lost so mutch that they became a superpower. Open an history book sometimes... We're talking about the country who won the longest war in human History, won the American independance war and became the center of Europe multiple times.

[@user-rb3mo4uk3u]

As a Cretan myself, I greatly appreciate the effort you have put in this research. It truly is a shame, but most Greeks, including Cretans, have never actually heard of it. Thankfully, people like you arise every now and then and render these astonishing moments of history accessible to a greater audience.

[@iainballas]

The reinforcements broke before the defenders did. I loved the "Cadia Stands" reference. Perfect for this kind of story.

[@dapperbunch5029]

The City Broke Before The Guard!

[@AkkaAlbatros]

considering the name of heraclio back then was candia you can guess what games workshop copied

[@noobsworld4217]

I KNOW SOMEONE ELSE WAS GONNA NOTICE IT. In my opinion this might have influenced the lore surrounding cadia.

[@johnthieme6]

"FOR CADIA!" *Rushes trenchline to die horribly.

[@TheIlustrado]

"Maybe the real Siege of Candia was the friends we made along the way." - Some Venetian or Ottoman infantryman

[@MaxwellAerialPhotography]

Looks at shovel longingly

[@minerdalta]

definitely not the French tho

[@Brakvash]

Lemme fix that. "Maybe the real Siege of Candia was the french allies we made along the way"

[@tomurg]

Yeah like Hitler said in the movie Look Who’s Back “with comrades your shared the trenches”

[@NathanaelKeller]

What friends, the French?

[@boilingpoint760]

- Defends the town for over two decades - Frogs arrive to help - "Undefendable." **proceeds to fuck off** - Morale destroyed The worst enemy is a french ally.

[@someonesilence3731]

Dude your name

[@bjorntorlarsson]

Funny, my professor in monetary policy said about the same about the EURO. "This won't work, the French are involved."

[@spruceevergreen5665]

"The worst enemy is a french ally." USA wouldn't be independent without the French.

[@bjorntorlarsson]

@@spruceevergreen5665 Nonsense and French propaganda! There wouldn't have been a French revolution if there hadn't been the first ever successful anti-imperialistic revolution in the US, won by the Americans themselves. As if the British ever worried about the French military, as they beat'em up again and again, and then again.

[@spruceevergreen5665]

@@bjorntorlarsson You are a waste of breath.

[@T33K3SS3LCH3N]

Really puts modern battles in perspective - at Verdun, 40-60 million shells were fired for twice as many casualties in less than a year.

[@pooface1041]

can i just say that it's crazy that such a violent and bitter siege ended on such peaceful terms? there's so many cases in history of sieges like this ending in horrific atrocities, and here it felt like there was some mutual respect or weariness that stopped that.

[@bernard3303]

The ottomans rarely betrayed their treaties, and since they agreed upon their terms the venetians left unharmed

[@matthew7027]

Thats because "barbarian" Turks won.

[@andreascovano7742]

@@bernard3303 Well they did with the Venetians at the siege of famagusta and went behind their word and killed Marcantonio Bragadin

[@txorimorea3869]

The average soldier had nothing to win. The city was in ruins, all the valuables already sold for food and war supplies after so many years. Soldiers at least got some loot from the french, and the Sultan didn't want to prolong that war with a casus belli that could result in more money being wasted facing another western power.

[@chadicusmaximus8644]

Candia stands! The city broke before the Garrison did!

[@whitegold2960]

A I see you a man of culture aswell But yes that damn city

[@riograndedosulball248]

THE EMPEROR PROTECTS!

[@sill5876]

@Zoomer Waffen Imagine conquering one planet for almost 10 000 years.

[@DenisLyamets]

I got here just for that comment :D

[@riograndedosulball248]

@Zoomer Waffen because Failbaddon rage quitting and destroying his own weapons into Cadia totally wasn't just a plot device huh

[@Abraxium]

"In general, the Venetians held the upper hand on sea, but they failed to transform their dominance into *con-crete* results"

[@SandRhomanHistory]

ba dum tss

[@majdaasee4744]

What a beautiful exchange

[@seneca983]

@@SandRhomanHistory 36:55 "Duke of navelless declared that he has been tricked into thinking that the town was defendable" Maybe you should have said that he had been *conned* into thinking the town was defendable. :)

[@spartanrh83]

🙄

[@danfoley7527]

I heard that too

[@LudietHistoria]

Thank you for telling their story

[@signoguns8501]

Your animation style is genuinely brilliant. Very unique and memorable.

[@SkywalkerExpress]

21yrs of siege : an Ottoman could join the war as a sapper and by the time the war ended he already a Professor of Geology

[@herpyderpy2869]

Assuming he was still alive of course

[@KorporalNoobs]

_"The Siege is not a strategic move, it's a way of life."_

[@bjorntorlarsson]

One doesn't wage war in order to achieve victory. But because IT'S FUN!!!

[@Holuunderbeere]

@@bjorntorlarsson blessed and posessed

[@nenad-seguljev]

quote?!

[@chrisrosenkreuz23]

@@nenad-seguljev ~some guy that died in a siege

[@renedekart5069]

@@chrisrosenkreuz23 ~some guy that lived and died in a siege*

[@andrewb7674]

*French show up* "Aw heeeelll nawww..." *Germans show up* "Franz look! An impossible city siege! Vee must stay!"

[@theboyothatcalledzabe7307]

I always admire Italian's defending abilities. They are incredibly good at it. They were the very reason who it took so long for Ottomans to conquer İstanbul.

[@Lavenderwave704]

You mean Constantinople.

[@theboyothatcalledzabe7307]

@@Lavenderwave704 nope we changed it name after taking it from weak bois B)

[@thatonedude6247]

​@@theboyothatcalledzabe7307COLD 🥶

[@Ihavpickle]

Italians were okay

[@pierregentilini4375]

Anatolia were one of the poorest roman regions during romans republic era. Who weak now, b**ch.@@theboyothatcalledzabe7307

[@BL1zZ4Rth]

I live in the city, no more than 5 minutes away from the center, and there is fountain called Morosini there. A couple of the venetian buildings are still standing and used for various purposes. The part of the city inside the walls is maze-like and narrow as it was during the siege and a good part of the walls and and some of the bastions are still standing, especially on the west and south, along with 3 of the main gates of the city. The walls are mind bogglingly wide, layed with grass, like a park, great for a stroll. It's a shame I'd never heard of this siege before.

[@charisantonakis]

Γεια σου σύντεκνε!

[@user-hr1iy4nz4s]

Καλησπερα σύντεκνε

[@Jojothegodofrandom]

That’s actually cool to find out tho I bet for your locality

[@therealoldnosey8689]

you live less than 5 minutes from there and you never knew about that siege? How long have you lived there for?

[@BL1zZ4Rth]

​@@therealoldnosey8689 Well, I live a short distance from a fountain called Morosini. Francesco Morosini is usually known for damaging the Acropolis of Athens while/ after sieging the city some years after the siege of Candia. There are multiple fountains bearing italian names so I thought they were named after the people that commissioned them. As for why I didn't know about the siege, it's more correct to say that I knew the city had been sieged a couple of times, but had no idea of the scale or the length of either. The whole war simply isn't taught at greek schools. You'll find the same kind of comments in the videos about the 80 years war's sieges.

[@bombfog1]

I do prefer these longer histories, but I also understand that these take a great effort to make. Your efforts are greatly appreciated.

[@npickle54]

simp

[@npickle54]

@Romanian Comrade ouch

[@ANNEX3D]

Agreed

[@leahcimolrac1477]

💰 talks 🐃 💩 walks

[@jonhall2274]

@@leahcimolrac1477 Actually 🐂💩 just lays there.

[@sirbig8292]

That bit about Dr Salamon seems like a perfect set-up for some horror RPG scenario.

[@seanduffy6231]

I didn't how the siege ended, so this whole documentary was like a thriller to me! Great job!

[@CharlesOffdensen]

The French: "You are not brave enough." Also the French: proceed to leave the city.

[@SquaulDuNeant]

Ah yes famous quote recorded in a time with trustable recording device.

[@dibbadyda1728]

​@@SquaulDuNeant it's a joke, fool.

[@silentprince01]

"Nice defense you put up here. Be ashamed if someone made you... Surrender." -Philipp II Duke of Navailles

[@b-1battledroid674]

Grand Vizier: So you came here to die with your town Francesco and his cat: No, I came here to stop you

[@jeffcleghorn1223]

I was just there a couple years ago! Crete is great and the harbor wall and fortress are still standing and make a great tour! Thanks again!

[@manos7958]

Actually the harbor wall is about the only piece missing of the about 5km of Venetian walls and bastions, the rest of the fortifications have been restored and you can walk topside for 4 km or so.

[@smolkafilip]

Le plan French: 1) Arrive under cover of broad daylight. 2) Leave a perfectly good city fortress to attack a numerically superior force on unknown ground in an open field. 3) Lose 1200 noblemen in one day. 4) Eat a frog. 5) Merde...

[@JayzsMr]

Typical french

[@henripoisot2119]

It is le panache

[@GuderII]

LMAO 😌👌

[@johntheknight3062]

When you study French military history, you wonder how they even managed to survive for so long. Their soldiers were brave but their commanders and especially their nobility were always one of the biggest idiots ever.

[@smolkafilip]

@@johntheknight3062 It is not a coincidence that the most fearsome armed force of France is the Foreign Legion.

[@boillingraviolli2258]

The French: well My Job here is done Morosini: but you didn't do anything The French: Leaves

[@g.sergiusfidenas6650]

Actually made things worse I think.

[@spencerevans8719]

"Didn't I?"

[@theblancmange1265]

They went home to see the new play, Mignonnes.

[@g.sergiusfidenas6650]

@@theblancmange1265 and to bury the Duc de Beaufort that died at Candia but yes the play first then the whole burial of the stiff business.

[@klartraum8495]

That's a typical French strategy

[@quentinblack256]

*holds candia for two decades* Venice: bro wtf. Why did you surrender?

[@discountplaguedoctor88]

One guy who participated in this battle, Georg Rimpler, went on to participate in the second Siege of Vienna, where he died thanks to wounds sustained from a mine exploding while he had been examining a palisade wall.

[@Brahmdagh]

"The result of their chivalric landing were several dead musketeers" "Rich booty taken from French Nobility and head money" "Refused to make defenses" Oh the French, please don't ever change.

[@Thraim.]

France: "We were one of the mightiest empires in history, why are people always making fun of our military?" Venice **points at Candia**

[@user-mw2vn7pv8n]

@@Thraim. Crecy, Agincourt, Sedan...

[@TheLoyalOfficer]

@@user-mw2vn7pv8n Plus Morocco, Algeria, Diem Bien Phu, the Maginot Line...

[@leonrothier6638]

@@TheLoyalOfficer France fucked over the Vietnamese and North Africans in the vast majority of the battles, it’s just that the global decolonization policy enforced by the UN forced the withdrawal. As for the Germans they lost both world wars along with Alsace-Lorraine

[@TheLoyalOfficer]

@@leonrothier6638 Winning battles means relatively little - we Americans found that out the hard way in Vietnam and Iraq...

[@dariustiapula]

The cat was clearly a tactical genius and or siege expert.

[@paulherzog9605]

I always said in my next life "I want to be a cat"

[@molybdaen11]

Did the cat survived the siege - or did it died of old age and that's why the attackers won?

[@freakinElvis]

The commander was mourning his cats death and could not find the courage to continue lol

[@stefanocamoni229]

You can see It in the Museum of piazza s.Marco in Venice... Mummified like a celebrity.

[@molybdaen11]

@@stefanocamoni229 Really? That's cool. It's like a old Egyptian God who protect his followers then.

[@CuriousLayperson]

First video of yours that I've had the pleasure to view. Your art style is unique! Never change

[@eidunno]

This was so entertaining to listen to. Truly well done.

[@dayros2023]

Morosini later became Doge of Venice, and kept fighting the Ottomans, conquering all of the peloponnese in the Morean war. Fun fact, his embalmed cat is on display in the Museum Correr, in the famous San Marco square in Venice :)

[@renkov8466]

Much wow

[@Halcon_Sierreno]

Such conquer, very battle.

[@warpigs9069]

Wow. Bet no one dared criticize him after that counter offense.

[@jphalsberghe1]

@@renkov8466 mi-wow🙀

[@zxylo786]

Damn. What a guy.

[@WelcomeToDERPLAND]

Holy Cannoli, thats long enough for someone to be born at the start of the siege, live their entire life under siege and be a fully grown adult by the end, perhaps even dying defending in the same siege they were born in!

[@aklszkopek3470]

İ am 21 years old :)

[@MasonGreenWeed]

Lifetime of siege

[@backpackpepelon3867]

The longest standing siege right now is the city of gaza, its a multi generation siege.

[@alvinlin8140]

Now that’s just grimdark. Your entire life is literally war and in the end you die in a ruined carcass of a city that you grew up in. Fucking hell

[@Anonymous-ld7je]

@@backpackpepelon3867 Israel could take Gaza in an afternoon if they wanted. Their military power is overwhelming compared to the Palestinian Authority. There is no siege.

[@mr.niceguy1812]

After 1 viewing & reading your channel description & goals thereof it's only fair to tell you, you've nailed it. The quality of your videos makes it nigh impossible to not subscribe! ✌❤ from Canada

[@seb_5969]

37:00 french recklessly attacking, then fleeing, hence boosting the morale of the turks. Then fucking up the attack, following that viewing the defenders as cowards. Following shortly after, they leave the city. Exactly my humour

[@shrimpboom8]

The French retreated so hard a city that had been under siege for the past 20 years fell because of it.

[@maverickbeal2030]

Lul'd pretty hard reading that.

[@fluorekcyjanowodorek1744]

yeah this is definitely the only reason it fell👍

[@walterweiss7124]

drole de guerre

[@jugbywellington1134]

@@walterweiss7124 🤣🤣🤣

[@agungmadika1087]

We surrender😂

[@Kevin-yw5qr]

Candia broke before the guard did.

[@xavi.cat.4095]

@Zoomer Waffen I've seen you go on a rampage through every comment that quotes Cadia, butthurt much?

[@danisrusski6297]

Candia did in fact surrender

[@SuperAnthonyBennett]

First time seeing your channel and videos. I really liked the way you broke it down and explained it. The animation was good to show the situation. You now have a new fan, thank you. Thos is the content I love

[@SaltyChip]

I’ve watched and subscribed to soo many history documentary channels that I can tell if it’s my type of documentary and I SUBSCRIBED to this channel 15 seconds in! Can’t wait to catch up on previous videos along with the newest releases! 🎉

[@abc68130]

For those wondering as I did, what the longest siege in recorded history was: The SIege of Ceuta 1694-1727.

[@Legendaryplaya]

Why when I google the longest sieges in history everyone says Candia?

[@saggybones]

Now I want them to make a video about this siege (and the Great Siege of Malta)

[@philip2009]

@@Legendaryplaya i think that the siege of Ceuta was interupted and separated into 2 sieges technically. Thats why most people say the siege of candia was the longest

[@boulderbash19700209]

Thank you.

[@mrngdw5334]

Ceuta was not a continuous siege, it was a series of sieges.

[@MrLoobu]

Lol the french show up to help and just tell everyone to surrender.

[@jacopofolin6400]

Ahahahah

[@enginduygu6028]

Lmao

[@iLaeyes]

Yes, they have no interest in fighting an enemy that is more powerfull. They prefer attack poor African nations

[@emameyer]

military traditions MUST be observed!

[@stevenmike1878]

lol they surrendered to hard, the rest of the city got the surrender flu.

[@IntraFinesse]

I really enjoyed this video, thank you for making it. I had never heard of this or even been aware of the Ottoman 'small' scale campaigns and now I'm interested in learning more. Thats the mark of a well made lesson.

[@Vincentdixon4060]

The Historians are my heroes. Their documintations of time, political narratives, statistics and strategies offers todays an understanding of our present predicament. Is my life so important to you? At 74 years I don't know and this present tears.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

It's like growing up in a lockdown of *21 years...*

[@TeutonicEmperor1198]

I have heard that Napoleon could be at two different places at the same time but you are everywhere

[@GAndreC]

More like under the countrywide siege we can pull off today

[@Nitidus]

See? It could be way worse. People at the moment definitely act like they live under even worse conditions, though. Spoiled brats everywhere

[@davesomeone4059]

@@Nitidus If I stomp on your toe and say it could be worse does that make it ok? Everyone is hiding from nothing while watching videos about people who got shelled for 21 years and still left their house everyday.

[@freakinElvis]

Fauci says "hold my beer"

[@keanuortiz3766]

Imagine being born inside the city at the start of the war and living the most of ur early years thinking that a siege is a part of normal life

[@user-sc7fk5ys6x]

Sounds about like growing up in Taiwan or South Korea doesn’t it.

[@hashir7401]

This siege is older than me wow

[@kamal777VVV]

It's called Gaza

[@mrdaym]

This was absolutely riveting, thank you.

[@SirWarkwark]

Awesome anomations, dude! Love your way of telling history!

[@AHappyCub]

So this is why my armies kept failing at 99% siege in EU4

[@ralfantino2291]

Just tell ur enemy to ally the french

[@Koellenburg]

@@ralfantino2291 ... wich is a very bad thing in Eu4 ^^ '

[@shabdasingh8954]

@@Koellenburg ikr. in eu4 french army is lit and the generals are quite awesome

[@agungmadika1087]

Big blue blop is awesome you know,until prussia formed😅

[@flimpeenflarmpoon1353]

It's impossible to fail a 99% siege.

[@robbier6389]

Your attention to detail is absolutely stunning. From the Ottoman battles flags you had hanging in the cannon forgery to the Venetian commander's cat, you create such an immersive, entertaining, and education experience! Thank you for doing what you do :)

[@SquaulDuNeant]

Yeah it would cool if he could commit even more in this style of animation ! Irt's so good!

[@phillipgrubb2443]

“CADIA STANDS” even as the planet broke apart and turned into drifting debris. The guard valiantly fought on. The planet broke before the imperial guard.

[@notsoberoveranalyzer8264]

In the 17th century did “Retreat” lead to a many more casualties rather then what’s now known as “till the last man” Partly why Alexander the Great was so successful is that they never retreated, and tried to force others to first. It’s amazing how few men died in battle because of this. But I’m curious how long that lasted. As once muskets were introduced the range of fighting changed so dramatically.

[@MrWario999]

A couple of fun facts from a local in Herakleion. First, some of the ottoman fortresses build for the siege around Candia still stand and the small towns developed around them are now suburbs of the city. Second, during WW2 the population of Herakleion took cover from the air raids of the german air force inside the city walls. This proved to be a wise move since the city was heavily bombed and many buildings were left in rubles, but the walls did not crumble.

[@MrWario999]

@John Adams Actually, outside of Chania, a city in western Crete, there is a pretty big graveyard for the fallen fallschirmjagers. However, as this video proves, the battle of Crete was a massive victory for them since they took over the whole island in only 12 days instead of the roughly 7500 it took the ottomans.

[@nzer57]

I was there in 2018 - loved Crete and stayed a week at Chania and a week at Heraklion. Walked the walls and much of the old city. Great vibe. I look forward to getting back there one day when this BS plague is sorted out.

[@yiast8709]

Thats interesting. Where these sieges were located?

[@tacidar558]

​​​@@MrWario999 MAYBE because there is a whole 300 years difference, so MAYBE it is possible to take it with modern strategies or MAYBE technologies. MAYBE the walls are useless against modern weapons, or air forces? Who knows, MAYBE

[@coconutmuncher]

French: "You are a coward!" Also French: *RAN AWAY COWARDLY*

[@wolfieee71]

5:40 okay, that sponsorship had good thinking. I also thought of Cadia upon reading Candia.

[@alexandre007opa]

Candia fell but the guard did not

[@VentiVonOsterreich]

Throughout the entire length of the siege, someone would have been born, started kindergarten before graduated high school, got a good paying job, met and married a woman, bore a son and bought a plot of land and lived in their own house, with a few months to spare before the siege was even over.

[@jbussa]

I doubt their opportunities were so good during a siege though. hehe

[@aksmex2576]

@@jbussa i feel like the inhabitants were mostly families of the soldiers. Which explains their resilience.

[@kiuk_kiks]

I’m under the impression the city was entirely populated by troops with no civilian population.

[@FifinatorKlon]

@@kiuk_kiks Check out what a Tross is. There was a whole lot of money to be made in soldiers who spent all their time doing monotonous things but earned a ton of money. And with ships constantly going in and out there was little to no reason not to try to get there as entrepreneur, entertainer or prostitute.

[@gibbcharron3469]

@@FifinatorKlon For those who don't want to look it up, a Tross is another word for a 'camp follower': A civilian merchant, prostitute, chef, etc who follows a group of soldiers to offer their services.

[@samiamrg7]

This was almost like a 17th century edition of a world war 1 battle. The majority of the time is spent slowly digging and shelling and building with sporadic and bloody conflict, all the while being plagued by morale issues (and also actual plague).

[@jevinliu4658]

Well, that describes the entirety of the "Staggering Sieges" series, to be fair

[@thatonedude6247]

Siege of Malta also gives ww1 vibes

[@bobbjorkner7140]

Amazing channel, thank you for your work.

[@lunabar7186]

one of the only channels I could consider being a patron to

[@amogus948]

In Venetian you can call a very thin person "seco/a incandio/a" and the say dates back to when the survivors of Candia returned to Venice and the population of the city witnessed their poor conditions Anyway great video covering an almost forgotten but long war, the first Morean war and the key role which Morosini played in it would be a great sequel

[@erikrungemadsen2081]

I hope they plied those veterans with plenty of beer and vine when they returned, they earned it.

[@kosmas173]

That's a very intresting saying, as a person from Candia (Heraklion) I've never heard of it.

[@litlpunch]

After a couple of years, you would think an invading nation would find it too costly to keep on sieging

[@Bird_Dog00]

Sunk cost fallacy?

[@MoffatLee]

@@Bird_Dog00 Just one more year, I'm sure they'll surrender if we keep the siege for just one more year.

[@teaCupkk]

It was no mere nation. It was the Ottoman Empire in it's heyday, commanding the power and wealth of numerous nations.

[@FifinatorKlon]

@derp butt And still more rational than most democratic options. Sad, really.

[@pandax75]

@@FifinatorKlon Not really when you consider most wars at that time in Europe were over which royal family would get to rule what.

[@davidfiorini6416]

Grazie mille. Grazie per aver ricordato e mostrato le imprese dei miei antenati.

[@Boretheory]

Le serenissime basate come sempre

[@EstbXCIII]

Those sword fighting animations against each other within the trenches @19:50 are absolutely hilarious 😂

[@CsStoker]

So the French were trying to defend Candia or help the Ottomans?

[@andrepettersson175]

Considering French friendship with the Ottomans to weaken the Habsburgs the answer is most likely the latter.

[@GiulioImparato]

to ally with the french it was and it is like putting a snake in your bed.

[@slome815]

@@GiulioImparato That would be the italians, who have a nasty habit of changing sides.

[@neutronalchemist3241]

@@slome815 Tell that to the Ottomans.

[@alder2460]

It looks like average EU4 siege. 21 years and still standing strong. Amazing video of the highest quality! It's pure pleasure to watch you.

[@doraorak]

@Aq qoyunlu mapper you underestimate level 8 forts. With 10k artilery they can go as long as 25 years

[@SerPinkKnight]

Only if that is you siegeing an AI fort If it is an AI siegeing your fort it'll last a year tops

[@poussinmignon3193]

@@SerPinkKnightThe ai is cheating like crazy

[@JasonDimmick]

Brilliant animation, very well done. I had no idea.

[@rustyshackleford1508]

>be french >arrive 21 years late to a siege >lose 1200 noblemen in a single day >berate the defenders and call them cowards >refuse to elaborate >leave

[@thermobaricpotato]

I always love how you are still able to see where the walls once stood on google maps. Very nice video

[@miskas123456789]

I went to school on those walls :p Cheers from Crete!

[@astronautis1674]

Most of the walls are still up though. They're humongous, can't miss em!

[@itarry4]

You do realise that this single siege lasted twice as long as Napoleon's empire and how many battles did he fight. Man!

[@sinephase]

crazy stuff, I had no idea that mine warfare was used like that in the 17th century. What a crazy feat of sheer willpower! :O

[@carbon4454]

It's funny that you mention Warhammer in the ad, because this has to be one of the most 40k battles I've ever heard of. Massive siege lasting decades, large naval blockades, intelligence services that just so happen to be Inquisitors and not only that, but a bloody attempted plague bombing!

[@caioloschiferreira9614]

21 years of siege. Venetian: that's a G R A N D E P R O B L E M A

[@TheAlpha38]

Leave it to the french to turn a guaranteed victory into a completely pointless defeat. Shoutout to the Germans for staying with the Venetian heros until the very end!

[@nnass262]

There are no heros

[@sigstenbockgard8080]

@@nnass262 there are here

[@MartinJuric]

@@nnass262 Nice moral relativism you got there. Hard disagreement. Those who defend their lands and families from foreign invasion are heroes

[@sisi4508]

​@@MartinJuric well that island wasn't Venetian

[@MartinJuric]

@@sisi4508 oh, shut up. It was a defensive war. Europe had lots of them against the ottomans. Every defeat meant further ottoman conquest into Europe, with slavery and rape accompanying.

[@MrJackassz]

One of the best documentaries very well made

[@garygardener2138]

Thanks for the video , outstanding

[@helidrones]

It looks like the French noblemen behaved the same as their ancestors did during the battles of Crecy and Azincourt.

[@ralfantino2291]

What happened

[@kristijangrgic9841]

Arrogance and incompentence of French knights was legendary They arrogantly charged at Ottomans at Nicopolis and then got slaughtered by Janissaries and Sipahis

[@xenotypos]

@@kristijangrgic9841 The Ottoman had twice the forces of the Crusaders though. And well, you can cherry pick horrible battles very easily, and forget that the only totally successful crusade (the first), was mainly french. History is a very large thing.

[@stefanocamoni229]

Also in Malta they did the same. Check It. French love attack, Italians love defense Also in football.

[@neutronalchemist3241]

@@stefanocamoni229 At Malta the most attack-minded captain was the Italian Vincenzo Anastagi, in charge of the cavalry, and the most defense-minded, the same La Valette.

[@quintus6081]

When the video is nearly as long as the siege you know that this will be good!

[@globalistswilllose]

Tiktok generation

[@tunasandwich8049]

That moment your reinforcements did more damage than your enemies Historical bruh moment right there

[@FranzBazar]

I just found your channel today. Really enjoyed your video on the siege of Vienna. Those Winged Hussars were amazing huh?! Another great video here. Keep up the great work! By the way where are you from? I always really enjoy trying to place an accent. Scandinavia somewhere? Anyway I really love your videos. Great animations too, all the maps & everything, very good productions! I really appreciate your work.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

hey thanks for all the comments; very much appreciated! we‘re Swiss!

[@wintersnoob]

Imagine that: Cretan soldiers could grow a family and have their son grow and also fight in the siege all during this period.

[@neutronalchemist3241]

You did born in a city under siege, and grow up to become one of the defenders on the walls.

[@Jack-gp1ng]

sounds like it could be a romeo and juliet esque story. Parents from either side or sibling fighting on the other side would be quite interesting

[@andrewgates8158]

​@@neutronalchemist3241john snow

[@alymerchant7265]

So, Knights Hospitallers had the fun and Venetians paid the price.

[@bedux009]

The ottomans have long craves to take Crete as their forward naval base & they use this excuse to initiate conflict with Venice. Later, they lay siege on Malta.

[@favorius]

@@bedux009 was there another siege after 1566?

[@ceahvl2920]

Not really. The ottoman would have found a casus belli anyway.

[@lcmiracle]

@@ceahvl2920 The ottoman desrved to crush the venetians period.

[@kingdonaltron]

My mom says "Friends will always carry you, but never bring you back"😂😂😂

[@javaguru7141]

Mad props to Morocini who both defended the city for over 2 decades and then got his people to safety when it was finally over, saving them from an enemy known for their especially ruthless pillaging.

[@justamoroccandude2588]

The ottomans Allowed them to leave ...... The christians would never Give the Muslims a deal like this if the roles changed U can check what happend to the Muslims and the Jews of spain

[@kosmas173]

In Candia (modern day Heraklion) we hold praize for Morocini.

[@lastword8783]

"Especially ruthless pillaging" ya right

[@tamoray7319]

"Ruthless pillaging" lmaooo from where do you get your sources. Actually ignore that im sure these ruthless monsters allowed their enemies to safely retreat only by mistake, i think the crusaders did that at least one time...right ?

[@anderskorsback4104]

Vienna: Look at me, I survived two months under Ottoman siege! Candia: That's cute.

[@kornaros96]

If only Handax had winged hussars...

[@aksmex2576]

I don't know if I am more impressed with the Venetian and Candian resilience and will or with the Ottoman dedication.

[@m1xwelth453]

Both are very impressive. The French however, are a bit dissapointing.

[@ingold1470]

Did the Ottomans rotate their forces out?

[@gangnamstyle5270]

I'm most impressed by the French....they single handedly managed to turn the tides of war and bravely run away.

[@boulderbash19700209]

@@m1xwelth453 The supporting role that ruined the movie.

[@RAIDER-xq4pt]

Both fought bravely and wisely this siege was full of traps and riddles to breach the city or lift siege, literally mind blowing

[@runi5413]

I wanna hear more about that Francesco Morosini character and his fighting feline sidekick!

[@neutronalchemist3241]

15 Years later he captured the Peloponnese from the Ottomans and held it for 14 years, occupying the same Athen for two years. It had been a Venician cannonball fired in that occasion that made the powder magazine the Ottomans put in the Parthenon explode. It's said that Morosini, informed about the "unfortunate" event commented "Unfortunate? I hit it with the first shot!"

[@jacopofolin6400]

@@neutronalchemist3241 ahahahah what a chad, rip for the parthenon

[@ipsylon9833]

Ending fells bad man, he held a fricking siege for 20 years and the venetian senate complains. What else did you want? a hundred years siege?

[@jkb8947]

Most important info was missing: The cat was named Nini. She was embalmed alongside a mouse after her death.

[@joebussen5034]

No shoot? Got any more info?

[@Sir_Lancel0t]

Es un video magistral. una obra de arte

[@brianoneil9662]

Woke up, got out of bed, dragged a comb across my head. Made my way downstairs and hey!! SandRhoman is covering the Siege of Candia! Awesome!!

[@Fronzel41]

Duke Phillip was so brave he...went home.

[@samuele7098]

Brave sir Phillip ran away

[@erikrungemadsen2081]

This video was allmost longer than Duke Phillips expedition.

[@baldrian22]

a realy nice video, good explanation of what happend etc.