Sensory transduction | Sensory Physiology mbbs 1st year lectures | CNS Physiology

Physiology lecture on central nervous system physiology
Sensory transduction is the process of converting one form of energy into other form by sensory receptors. Sensory receptors which are modified sensory nerve endings convert the energy of various stimuli which impinge upon them to electrical energy. BUt the sensory transduction varies in fast adapting receptors like Pacinian corpuscle vs slow adapting receptors like Ruffini endings. This leads to a change in the potential known as receptor potential or generator potential which is a graded potential, i.e as the stimulus intensity increases, the magnitude of change in receptor potential increases.Once it reaches the threshold, action potential is generated which is conveyed via afferent neuron to the central nervous system. If stimulus intensity is more, magnitude of receptor potential is more and hence more and more action potentials will be fired which will reach CNS.
Sensory transduction in two types of receptors :
1.Slow adapting receptors: In a slowly adapting receptor the receptor potential will be sustained and hence, action potentials will be continuously generated as long as the receptor potential is above the threshold. So they continuously tell CNS about the presence of stimulus. Because of this sustained response slowly adapting receptors are also known as tonic receptors
2. Fast adapting receptors (Pacinian corpuscle): For fast adapting receptors, if the stimulus is sustained, the receptor potential comes back to resting state and hence there is no more generation of the action potential. So despite sustained presence of stimulus, there is no action potential generation. Only at the beginning of the stimulus, does action potential generation takes place. When the stimulus is removed, again it leads to generation of action potential. Thus fast adapting receptors detect the stimulus when it comes and then when it goes. Because of this rapidly adapting receptors are also known as phasic receptors.
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