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Ship collision is the structural impact between two ships or a floating or fixed object. Ship collisions are of particular importance in maritime accidents. Some of the reasons for the latter are: The loss of human life.
The environmental impact since part of the cargo or fuel can end up in the water. With the consequent damage to marine life. If a large tanker is involved, the oil spill can be very large.
The economic consequences for local communities close to the accident.
The financial consequences to shipowners, due to loss or penalties.
Damage to coastal infrastructure, for example collision with bridges.
As the sea lanes are increasingly congested and the speed of the ships is greater, the possibility that a ship may experience a major accident in its life increases. On the other hand, regulations to prevent collisions and improvements in radar positioning and communications technology reduce this possibility. Due to extremely large masses and relatively high speeds, on the one hand, the inertia becomes very high, which makes maneuvering difficult and, on the other hand, the energy dissipated in an accident is also very high, which produces great damage even in small accidents. On the other hand, the great dead work of some ships in ballast and the great superstructures of others such as cruise ships makes the wind a dangerous factor in the control of the ship. Legally speaking, when two or more vessels collide with each other, it receives the collision classification and the law that includes the Brussels Convention of September 23, 1910 must be applied. Passing one boat too close to another will be considered a collision, even if there is no physical contact between the two. On the other hand, when the boat collides with a fixed body (pier, jetty, bridge, etc.) or a submerged object (wreck, rock, etc.) or a floating body that is not a ship (iceberg, trunk, hull of a ship under construction, a floating crane wrecked adrift, etc.) is not considered a collision and common law will apply.