Shooting hoops on Venus

We travel to the thick dense supercritical fluid carbon dioxide gas of Venus. And throw a basketball around :)

[@blablabla798]

due to atmospheric differences, Venusian basketball eventually evolved into American football

[@thecosmicalcat]

**Sigh** why did you make me think of 'The Venussy'?

[@McDonalds-Empty-Cup]

@@thecosmicalcatthat wasn’t ’em, that was entirely you

[@thecosmicalcat]

@@McDonalds-Empty-Cup | it's everyone's fault except me :)

[@Icewallowcome012]

@@thecosmicalcatsomeones on the internet too much

[@thecosmicalcat]

​@@Icewallowcome012 sadly yes brain is thoroughly rotted beyond recognition zero brain-cells found just mould leaking out the ears but I'm fine :) hbu?

[@Germanwtb]

This really puts into perspective why the Venus landers only needed a collar and some shock absorpers.

[@rlhugh]

Good point!

[@mrblakeboy1420]

the astronauts had a collar? freaky astronauts

[@0mnijax966]

collars? freaky af, maybe i am a lander afterall

[@melkiy582]

But how to fly off the Venus?! Back to space and orbit

[@laff__8821]

​@@mrblakeboy1420THE LANDERS, NOT THE ASTRONAUTS.

[@iflyplanesthrutunnels]

the amount of comedy in this video was the perfect amount

[@Nub_or_something_idk]

l e t s j u s t s a y I t w o n t

[@TheSheep1]

@@Nub_or_something_idkoh come on

[@warm_wooly]

I gotta try this the next time I visit Venus!

[@Rorywizz]

It is cold up there, you're gonna need radioactive mittens

[@PossiblyMixingItUp]

@@Rorywizz wont be so chilly when you get to the surface...

[@bestbrothers2250]

fr

[@butlazgazempropan-butan11k87]

Wait. This made me think about how fluids work, and I came to a conclusion that submarines and zepplins are the same thing. Crazy stuff.

[@ENCHANTMEN_]

Water doesn't compress very much, so using buoyancy to control depth is harder

[@ninjafruitchilled]

​@@ENCHANTMEN_ submarines just pump water in and out of ballast tanks though. I guess it takes some time but not that complicated.

[@chri-k]

@@ENCHANTMEN_but air does.

[@Brick_Wall_quote_Entertainment]

This sounds like something Kerbals would do on Eve if they were bored waiting for a transfer-window back to Kerbin.

[@heakhaek]

Bold of you to assume they will make it back to Kerbin

[@Brick_Wall_quote_Entertainment]

@@heakhaek Bold of you to assume they made it to Eve at all.

[@Arc_5]

⁠@@Brick_Wall_quote_EntertainmentBold of you to assume they even made it out of Kerbin.

[@Brick_Wall_quote_Entertainment]

@@Arc_5 Bold of you to assume the rocket actually stayed intact, and the Kraken didn't blow it up from the sheer part count.

[@BetterLeftAlon.e]

@@Arc_5Bold of you to assume it left the ground

[@ArythNeon]

Best Video I watched all Year "You just need a 120mm Mortar" goes hard

[@davidbertram1098]

This is a wonderfully detailed answer for something I never considered before. The animations really helped visualize that you could throw a basketball as hard as possible and the drag stops it after a short distance all the same.

[@mr.rabbit5642]

Yeah I wonder if the "let's pretend it won't compress" didn't actually screw up the simulation. If we let the ball compress keeping the spherical profile (or just shrink it magically), the mass would be preserved, but area affecting drag would be reduced significantly. To a _ballpark_ (haa get itm?) of tenis ball..? It shall not require a mortar then, yet the ordnances shall still be very welcome :)

[@rlhugh]

Hi @mr.rabbit5642, you can see what happens if we fill the ball with SCF CO2, at 0.5atm above Venus ambient pressure, here kzbin.info/www/bejne/pl7FfKSOjdeCbqc

[@rlhugh]

Note: I saw another reply from you somewhere, but can't seem to find it now, whee you asked what about, rather than pressurizing it, we let it shrink. Yeah, interesting idea :) Thank you :) 🙌

[@starcasmlove]

i’ve heard venus technically qualifies as an ocean planet under some definitions since the carbon dioxide in the air is supercritical at the surface

[@rlhugh]

Yes thats right: the CO2 is in supercritical state. As far as whether that makes it an 'ocean planet', it's a matter of semantics I feel. SCF combines aspects of both gas and liquid. It expands to fill the available space like a gas, but can dissolve things somewhat like a liquid. On the whole, SCF I feel mostly acts like a dense gas. I give some presentation about it here kzbin.info/www/bejne/lWiWfmhnbd90i9ksi=WcTeaiDXttNjRLWa&t=556 The Venus SCF CO2 is much less dense than water. So you wouldn't be able to swim/fly in it. You'd still fall downwards, and walk around on whatever you land on, albeit fairly slowly.

[@amazingfireboy1848]

That actually makes sense, better explaining how hypothetical Venus cities would be built in "mid-air."

[@ninjafruitchilled]

​@@amazingfireboy1848 not just "mid", like 50km in the sky. That's very high!

[@amazingfireboy1848]

@@ninjafruitchilled I know, but what should I have said? "Built in air?"

[@EdKolis]

​@@amazingfireboy1848so the Jetsons live on Venus

[@nyuh]

THE MORTAR SUDDENLY REVEALED WAS SO HILARIOUS AJHSHDHSDHDH PHYSICS

[@glurberdurberman-cs4pd]

basketball except its a extremely large wargame set on bombarding their hoop with balls until one goes into the hoop

[@yapflipthegrunt4687]

I need this.

[@alexrator7674]

I feel this would become an internet checkpoint one day

[@fraser21]

Love this style

[@rlhugh]

@@fraser21 awesome! Thank you :) 🙌

[@KevinSiebert]

It's like how a balloon would be thrown on earth

[@aasherahmed4389]

Which makes so much sense since momentum is a function of mass too

[@ack7]

It would be cool to see this on every planet (and some of the other interesting astronomical objects). especially seeing how the differences in gravity would increase the complexity of the results.

[@rlhugh]

@@ack7 thank you! Sounds like a great idea! 🙌

[@hrishikeshaggrawal]

Need a railrun to play 8 ball on jupiter💀

[@4crafters597]

"All scientists are severely depressed" "We pretend it won't"

[@clipzthebest]

As a person who lives on Venus, I can confirm that this is how we shoot hoops.

[@alex.g7317]

I like how your mention every possibility (like the ball melting and getting compressed) and beyond (like using a warhead instead) and constantly making comparisons between them on earth vs Venus.

[@engi9715]

and on this day, Venusian mortarball was invented

[@revplay4910]

The beginning:there is way to much drag to throw a basketball The end:we are going to use this mortar to launch a mortar shell into the hoop

[@randigo9992]

I love such simulations, also music choice is nice, like it's atmospheric and not annoying

[@ultralowspekken]

Basically it's like throwing a perfectly flat piece of paper

[@noobus571]

Video title would be an absolute banger of a song name

[@oberonpanopticon]

The atmosphere at the surface of Venus is under sufficient pressure that it’s not technically a gas, but rather a supercritical fluid, like what you’d find in a steam engine (only with co2 instead of water). So Venus sort of has a global ocean!

[@drunkenhobo5039]

The critical point of water is 350 °C and 22 MPa. I'm not aware of any steam engines that go that high!

[@chri-k]

⁠@@drunkenhobo5039in terms of temperature they absolutely do (depending on what you count as a steam engine), but i don't think any steam engines have that much pressure (perhaps unless nuclear power plants count as steam engines, probably not even then)

[@oberonpanopticon]

@@drunkenhobo5039 Supercritical steam generators are a thing, apparently they’ve existed since the 1920s. I could’ve sworn locomotives used supercritical steam, but I must’ve gotten that confused with something else.

[@Woodledude]

I wonder if there's an ideal object for playing a game like basketball on Venus? A golfball? A golfball made of osmium? There's gotta be a point of size and density where a hunan can realistically throw the object like a basketball on Earth.

[@rlhugh]

Conceptually, the scf CO2 behaves a lot like water. It is so dense. So, one question is: what could we play underwater? (If anything?)

[@Woodledude]

@@rlhugh Hmm. I know torpedo shapes can get some momentum, but yeah, thinkgs would mostly react to gravity. In water, at least, you could use verticality to make some very interesting sports, but I assume the same isn't exactly true of Venus's atmosphere. Or... Is it? You can't swim in Venys's atmosphere, can you? Regardless, perhaps some sport related to running (or swimming) with a baton, almost like a head-to-head relay race where the competitors are basically fighting over one baton. A bit like football, even.

[@maxwellvandenberg2977]

How much difference would spinning the ball make?

[@rlhugh]

@@maxwellvandenberg2977 interesting idea 🤔

[@GoldenGrenadier]

​@@rlhughI bet the magnus effect would be huge.

[@BoeBins]

​@@GoldenGrenadier the Magnum Dong effect

[@EdKolis]

Do a spin! That's a good move!

[@Add_Infinitum]

I was not expecting this to get so extreme but I'm here for it

[@Rorywizz]

If this video doesn't hit a million views then youtube is doing something wrong

[@RedKincaid]

Genuinely incredibly interesting, I never would have thought to make these comparisons yet they do an excellent job at conveying the information

[@ZeunO8]

Shooting hoops on the sun. Indestructible objects with platform

[@Liquifiedpizzas]

A bowling related episode could be cool/funny

[@EdKolis]

Pins: The wind: STRIKE!

[@Cdstyles-ck3jl]

This video rocks! Super good idea and intuitive explanation, Thanks!

[@JonBrase]

The ball won't collapse if you inflate it to the same gauge pressure (so 90 bar more absolute pressure than on Earth). I'm not sure what pressure and gas you're assuming it's filled with for the buoyancy figure. Anything at one bar absolute would be fairly buoyant if the ball didn't collapse (but it will at one bar absolute). At 90 bar, Earth air will at least be somewhat buoyant, but with a partial pressure of oxygen inside of 18 bar, and the high temperatures, the ball is likely to burn violently on the inside until it bursts. That leaves local air at 90 bar, which won't be buoyant

[@rlhugh]

Good point about oxygen from the air inside the ball causing the ball to burn 🙌 Note that I'm calculating buoyancy based only on the volume and the density of the gas displaced. The mass of the air inside the basketball, I'm calculating as a separate 'gravity' force. Using SCF CO2 inside the ball increases the mass by 50%. Video (unlisted) of what happens here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pl7FfKSOjdeCbqc

[@mr.rabbit5642]

​​@@rlhughwhat if instead we would shrink it to the volume it would compress to (so like, till the pressure levels equalize), but keeping the spherical profile? The area would drop decreasing drag. I wonder if it would give a better effect than inflating the ball..

[@nextfuturesongs]

It's like trying to throw a balloon

[@sagigaming]

shooting a gun on venus, a tank shell and so on

[@minmus5]

Now I know what to bring to a blanket ball game on Venus

[@Sotanaht01]

What about spin? The Magnus Effect might have some kind of impact

[@evilmurlock]

Very interesting, never thought the drag from the atmospheres density would be such a factor. Coool >////

[@NotJim64]

Try shooting a hoop on Venus from earth

[@rlhugh]

Excellent idea! Thank you! 🙌

[@hrishikeshaggrawal]

Makes you wonder if snipers turn into pistols in venus atmosphere

[@HTacianas]

I think the corrosive atmosphere would rust the gun together before you got to use it

[@hrishikeshaggrawal]

@@HTacianas maybe not if it's a smith and wesson lol

[@HTacianas]

@@hrishikeshaggrawal S&W doesn't make anything resembling a sniper rifle and nothing about their guns would protect them from sulfuric acid

[@hrishikeshaggrawal]

@@HTacianas i could say the same about your balls😏

[@hrishikeshaggrawal]

@@HTacianas i could say the same about your ballz😏

[@TinyDeskEngineer]

I think using a high explosive mortar shell is against the rules.

[@GlaceonStudios]

This feels like an XKCD what if NGL

[@rlhugh]

Thank you. That's very nice of you to say. I'm very happy to be compared with xkcd what if 🙂

[@kenleong1110]

If the astronaut was on earth, why do astronauts still need a astronaut suit?

[@michaelkolano8686]

Really bad pollen allergies

[@rlhugh]

So, one reason is for consistency. So we know it is the same person. Mostly it is because I was too lazy to draw another outfit 😅

[@EdKolis]

Maybe he's a Martian

[@j377yb33n]

I wonder how much backspin would help some of those shots

[@CMDNPLYZ]

Explode a nuke in space with nothing around it and see how much the explosion will grow

[@rlhugh]

Nice idea. Thanks! :)

[@EdKolis]

Impressive aim on that mortar shot.

[@rlhugh]

@@EdKolis thanks! Took a bit of trial and error, but the hoop is slightly oversized, so that makes it easier :) I couldn't find a firing solution when using a real mortar shell though. And then after trying for a while thought "well, I guess it's an HE shell. We only need to land nearish" :)

[@ariatari2137]

Hey i have an simmilar video idea Where does the Sun set faster on Mars or Earth? Earth is closer to the Sun so its angular size is bigger but Earth spins a little bit faster than Mars and reverse Mars is further away from the Sun so its angular size there is smaller than on Earth but Martian sol (day) is a little bit longer than 24hrs

[@dragoni_penguin]

"let's pretend it won't" 🗣🔥🔥🔥

[@協420]

i love this kind of video woth all my heart

[@quickestawab5045]

why is your jawline more defined than any word in the Oxford English Dictionary.

[@Internetzspacezshipz]

Militarizing Basketball, by RL Huge, selling in bookstores near you!

[@rileywern9619]

Dude perfect really stepping it up these days

[@TurkmenistanRepublic]

So that means we need artilleries for playing basketball in Venus?

[@ODISeth]

“This is called shooting a hoop”

[@battlnerd2128]

ok but how far away would I have to put my computer in order to protect it from direct fire of a Centurion Main Battle Tank?

[@rlhugh]

Great question. Thank you!

[@benedizionebleko]

Ok this is really fun and silly

[@ryanpost13]

Regarding the basketball vs mortar? could the difference in apogees be because of the launch speed? You took the launch speed to be 450km/h for a mortar shell, which with its heavier weight means it has more momentum. But surely if we launched our indestructible basketball out of the mortar we would expect far greater speeds than that of the much heavier mortar shell? I noticed you assumed the same speed at launch for both. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Nice video though.

[@rlhugh]

I am defining the muzzle velocity as an invariant. For serving machine, it is set to 40m/s. For mortar it is set to 200m/s. Of course in reality the ball would just disintegrate immediately, and if it didn't, the drag inside the cannon would be very high. But I'm assuming we are adding enough explosive to make muzzle velocity invariant, and I'm assuming indestructible basketball. Great question. Thank you!

[@billiboi122]

Im scared to think of how difficult reentry would be if venus was in kerbal space program

[@rlhugh]

Interesting question 🙌

[@giovannicorso7583]

"Sir, this is an M32 granade launcher"

[@Random_Idiot69420]

kicking a soccerball on the sun

[@axolotlIl]

I love the video, makes me wonder what other sports would look like. What would it be like to run at full speed on venus?

[@rlhugh]

Good idea!

[@alextonev3017]

Venus warfare would look so sad 😭

[@snakearux2]

Basicly only mele is possible on venus?

[@rubiusomgg]

Dude really playing it some good b-ball

[@yaboi3210]

very cool animations, did the Venus simulations account for the lower gravity?

[@rlhugh]

Yes. The Venus simulation uses gravity = 8.87m/s2. The Earth simulations use gravity = 9.8m/s2.

[@Gookneeyeah]

Try shooting hoops on a random asteroid in the asteroid belt

[@LethalChicken77]

What if I wanted to hit a home run on venus

[@theo_robopurplepandae4351]

Perfection

[@rlhugh]

Thank you! 🙌

[@KazmirRunik]

Is the basketball's density measured as if it was filled with air from Earth's atmosphere & pressure?

[@rlhugh]

Yes, exactly. Filling it with SCF CO2 would raise the mass goes up by 0.471kg, from 0.635kg to 1.105kg. Density will increase accordingly. The reason I used the earth surface density is because I feel that when we think of 'a basketball', we are thinking of the earth one, filled with 80:20 N2:O2 mix, at STP. There's an (unlisted) video of what happens with SCF CO2 here though kzbin.info/www/bejne/pl7FfKSOjdeCbqc&ab_channel=RLHugh (I'm not sure why this unlisted video says 0.986kg 🤔 That might be a typo 😅 )

[@swatbdaim1888]

the pressure differential betwen the 1atm inside the ball vs the 92 atm outside wouldnt make it buoyant? im not entirely aware of the dynamics that are at play here, but i think its force would be enough to couteract the gravity.

[@rlhugh]

Thank you for your question. The mass of the rubber etc making up the non-air part of the basketball is 615grams. The air at 1.5atm inside the ball weighs 13grams. The mass of the SCF CO2 displaced by the volume of the ball is 471grams. For the ball to float the total mass of the rubber etc and the air (615grams + 13grams) would have to be less than the mass of the SCF CO2 displaced (471grams). I'm assuming a ball radius here of 0.12m, giving a volume of 4/3 pi r^3 = 0.0072m3. You can multiply this by the density of air at 1.5atm(1.5 * 1.2kg/m3), and SCF CO2 (65kg/m3), to check the masses of the air and the SCF CO2 respectively. Now if the material making up the ball didn't have mass - e.g. a balloon that magically doesn't collapse either - then yes, the air at 1.5atm would basically be a vacuum, relative to the 90atm CO2, and the balloon would float, you are right.

[@СлаваУкраїні_ГероямСлава]

I think a rugby ball would be more suitable for Venus

[@rlhugh]

Good point! Coefficient of drag is only 0.18. Compared to 0.47 for a sphere. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187770581201627X

[@rasen84]

How would the magnus effect work?

[@arzuozturk6460]

A homerun.

[@filipo4114]

The basketball would weigh more if you pumped it with Venusian atmosphere

[@rlhugh]

Yes you are right. See this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/pl7FfKSOjdeCbqc for what happens

[@Unedraw]

I didn’t know I needed to know this

[@sumertuncay]

Hey Hugh, I like your insights, I noticed you deleted or made private some of your videos. Why do you deprive us from them :)??

[@rlhugh]

Thanks! Which in particular were you interested in? I unlisted them, because I feel they don't really match the style of my newer videos. Im thinking of posting them on a different channel instead.

[@sumertuncay]

​@@rlhugh Your videos about PPO were very helpful to me, especially the entropy one. Because I was working on a continuous environment and I just couldn't make PPO learn. According to some papers and cleanrl implementation, continuous environments seem to not require entropy term for PPO reward. This might be true for MuJoCo environments but many other continuous environments in fact do require it, and your video saved me quite some time :) looking forward to the side channel!

[@rlhugh]

Moved a bunch to kzbin.info/door/Fm4w12SEW8MyfFrZq9MRWQ Does this includes the one(s) you are looking for?

[@rlhugh]

(actually, I put all the unlisted ones there, so they should all be there. Admittedly without thumbnails, or descrptions)

[@sumertuncay]

@@rlhugh yes, thank you!

[@Barely_Edited]

This is excellent

[@mientusmien7594]

Try shooting a tank APFSDS round

[@EdKolis]

If the air on Venus weighs 65kg per cubic meter, how could our astronaut even move his arms fast enough to throw anything? Does he have a powered suit?

[@rlhugh]

Yup, magical suit. I figured it's more fun to use 'magic' to fix a bunch of things, whilst leaving other things to vary, than to have to deal with everything at once, which would be like ... phd level amount of work perhaps... (Ditto for the mortar too by the way. Like, muzzle velocity would be nowhere near what it is on earth).

[@TheCustomFHD]

How about a paper plane?

[@radufieroiu4725]

Very underrated

[@when-the-hrandomstuff]

Do football kicks on Venus next.

[@Flourish38]

This video is awesome!

[@xymaryai8283]

wind makes ball sports of earth interesting on Venus, wind makes ball sports boring or really expensive

[@joratto2833]

Try it on Titan!

[@GhostGaming-sz9lt]

Styles great!

[@eliteal2188]

Instant sub! awesome vid!

[@GoldenGrenadier]

Why dont we just call venus a gas dwarf?

[@SalmanMentos]

Wait so gas and fluids are technically simmilar?

[@rlhugh]

Liquids and gases both do not have a fixed shape, and both yield easily to pressure. Liquids are nearly incompressible. Gases fill the space available. On the surface of venus, there is a third state 'supercritical fluid'., or SCF. You can think of SCF as basically like a very dense gas.

[@thiagogoncalves7389]

Gases are fluids

[@ilpanettaio1702]

ShOoting hoops at 7000m under sea level please

[@kleoserebus99]

(Metal ball.)

[@sgdg7777]

buoyansy sounds like a chinese word

[@rlhugh]

Could be a name perhaps, like 薄养希 "bo yangxi". '薄' is a last name (they put the last name first 🙃 ). "养希" means "cultivating hope".

[@TopazTerra503]

The ball would most likely fall at the same speed as on Earth since Venus and Earth has similar mass

[@ToadRoadLP]

Gravity might be the same but die to the atmosphere (drag and buoyancy) it falls much slower. The carbon dioxide is much denser there than our air. Same with water and air on earth, same planet, same mass but water is much denser

[@rlhugh]

Gravity is similar yes (8.87m/s2 on Venus; 9.8m/s2 on Earth). However the drag and buoyancy on Venus are much higher because of the vastly different atmospheric density (65kg/m3 on Venus vs 1.2kg/m3 on Earth).

[@Famelhaut]

:3

[@jacobclaassen6565]

Huh...