Single Phase Electricity Explained - wiring diagram energy meter

Single phase electricity explained. In this video we learn electrical engineering basics by learning single phase meter wiring diagram. How electricity reaches our homes from the power station, transformer, transmission lines, distribution cables, service head and main fuse, electricity meter, main isolation switch, residual current device and circuit breaker. Electricity basics, how electricity works.
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Corrections:
0:27 The EU and UK and now harmonised to 230V
2:29 Armoured sheath
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#electrical #electricity #engineering

[@EngineeringMindset]

⚠️ *Found this video super useful?* Buy Paul a coffee to say thanks: ☕ PayPal: www.paypal.me/TheEngineerinMindset

[@charlessubaskar2305]

Hi...ur videos are awesome. Learnt a lot abt HVAC. Plz do a video on packaged a/c unit as well if u can. Many thanks.

How does the electricity for a Train Locomotive work? Is it 3 Phases? If so How can there be only one cable, Why am i not electrocuted when i step on to the train tracks.

[@chilubamumbi7267]

Nice one

[@andrejskurmelovs4838]

does it make difference wich neutral busbar you choice to connect RCD ?

[@niksa28]

Since AC changes direction 120 times a second, isn't it more correct to call both current carrying wires phase, not either one of them is neutral or phase all the time, they switch roles 120 times per second.

[@НевенИванов]

People like you, make the internet meaningful, don't stop with the videos, you are great!!

[@CASH-TO-THE-MERE101]

👍👍👍

[@snoww2009]

On meter that has two hot and one neutral going to the main breaker panel, is this two phase?

[@nirmalfernando1080]

100%

[@daron8982]

@JJ Olatunji what is sad

[@raidoung4100]

he even rhymed hahaha, you and meaning-ful xDD

[@zanmk69]

10 minutes of this video > 4 years of high school + 3 years of college. (Both high school and college are in electrical engineering) You my man deserve a medal and a statue.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Medal and statue would be nice. Quite happy with a like and a share though.

[@mateuszzimon8216]

@@EngineeringMindset 230V new regulations tell use TN-S system (3 wires in one phase). It's common to use RCD as last in breaker shelf on rail, even plastic fixtures have a PE place, grounding on electrode is use in place where resistance of cable is too big.

[@mishuvv]

is totally exaggerated. Without school you can not be a good professional !!!

[@dkmodder4405]

@@mishuvv yes you can, school just gives a you professor and exams with a fancy certificate at the end. You can learn engineering on your own with enough effort.

[@TheLatheeshmv]

@@EngineeringMindset bbb

[@patriciocordova449]

“Touch the brown wire and you’ll shit yourself” best way to remember active wire in Australia.

[@patrickjacobsen7805]

🤣🤣🤣

[@Swenser]

I've always thought the blue neutral brown live wires in Oz was a bad choice of colours. Brown is the color of dirt earth. So could be reasoned to be neutral. Why would baby blue represent live? I can't reason why?

[@TonyPuryer]

@@Swenser it used to be green, black and red, not good for colour blindness. Blue and brown are easily distinguished even with colour blindness.

[@SayWhaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat]

COLOR MEANS NOTHING,

[@anthonybrown7964]

Wow... can I please say thankyou so much for explaining this in such amazing detail. So easy to follow and understand. I'm 37, I've been an instrumentation designer for years working mainly on 24vdc and I've rarely ever grasped electrical stuff... this is amazingly simple when explained by brilliant teachers like yourself.

[@mexicanpoptart17]

Even as simple as it's supposed to be, it's still so complex because of all the safety and quality of life features. Thank you for making this.

[@Donnner93]

Studying to become an automation technician here in Sweden, 1 year study - which includes getting electrician degree, and the course I take sends us a PDF-file to read at home, instead of actually teaching us there, videos like this makes it easier to understand, Thankz

[@jwalinbhatt1750]

In my 4 years of Bachelor's Engineering in Electrical discipline, I didn't learn this at all. You, my friend, are a fucking legend. Thank you so much!.❤

[@csn_-7662]

That clearly shows how such a papers are worthless.

[@Adam_Lyskawa]

Geez, man, you had a really bad course. I had those things in my technical school. But not explained in such tidy and organized manner. In my country there was a rule of thumb the best practical education you got in trade schools, then in technical schools and universities. We had a short TV repair course. But we learned hardly anything compared to the trade school students. Because our school was focussed on exams, the trade school was focussed on actually teaching the trade.

[@utherdoirse7346]

what school you went to?

[@Christmas-chan]

Don't dare to say this

[@DL-kc8fc]

A bold statement that may result in the withdrawal of the title of Bc. :) Better not approach electricity at all. The video is focused on the protection of TN-C and TT. TN-S is most often used, which involves the distribution of 3 wires to a residential unit within a single-phase current. That would be beyond your comprehension. :)

[@jeffreyblack666]

AC is not more efficient than DC it is far worse. The sole reason AC won the power wars was because it was (note WAS, not IS) easier and more efficient to convert between voltages, as they had transformers, but not the solid state devices we have today. For long distance transmission, especially between different networks, DC is used. For undersea cables, DC is used. DC only suffers from resistive losses. AC suffers from the same resistive losses, made far worse by the skin effect resulting in incomplete utilisation of the conductor, as well as inductive and capacitive losses. AC is a far worse transmission system for power. Literally the only thing going for it is that in order to convert between voltages you just need a massive chunk of metal which you can wrap wires around. DC requites switching power supplies, which are far more efficient and far smaller but more complex. The world would be a better place if it got rid of AC. Also, most places have the metal pipes for water and gas go underground providing an earthing connection to Earth.

[@Sniperfi-mi3km]

Jeffrey Black nah ac is far better for transmission as you can’t increase or decrease dc voltages after generation. If we only used dc we would have a power plant every couple of km

[@jeffreyblack666]

@@Sniperfi-mi3km Go look up switch mode power supplies. The first thing the majority of devices do these day is switch to DC, then change the voltage. Not only can it be done, it is far more efficient and space saving than AC garbage. If was only in the past that they couldn't convert DC voltages efficiently. So no, DC is vastly superior for transmission and switching voltages.

[@TheSpaceteck]

Since 1987, Europe has changed its main voltage from 220/380 V to 230/400 V. 0:26

[@Motorman2112]

Have they actually changed it? The standard is wide enough to cover 220 and 240, even though the nominal voltage is given as 230. Both comply with the standard without necessarily being the same.

[@econo1708]

@@Motorman2112 yes, we did change it. it covers from 220-240 because maybe some third world or second world countries still use 220 v

[@grumpyhale821]

UK is running a single phase 230v, European union is running a single phase 220v. The 400v you talk about it think is something to do with running 2 phase voltage.

[@TheEulerID]

The EU standard is 230V -6% +10% (i.e. 216.2 V - 253.0 V). That covers pretty well the entire range of voltages that were already in use, and if you measure most UK households, then the voltage is typically about 240v whilst in some parts of Eastern Europe it's closer to 220V. The EU nominal 230V standard is more of a specification for those designing electrical appliances to the sold in the market as it made no real change to individual country standards.

[@HenryLoenwind]

@@TheEulerID You are 10 years out of date. Europe is 230V +/-10% since 2009.

Mate, thank you so much for this masterpiece.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@melvinjohnson2338]

Im I school right now to become an HVAC technician and your videos were probably the greatest find I've ever made. The info you give has helped myself and fellow classmates alot. Thank you so much for your videos and I hope you keep making them. Hope your having a good day! 👍😀😎

[@Bishalkarn]

one thing i still don't get is that as in AC system current follows to and fro, then why does neutral wire has no current and why don't we get electrocuted?

[@Spacefish007]

In germany we typically have 3 phases to all levels of a building. Circuits are evenly distributed between phases.. some appliances even require 3 phases like water heaters ovens and stoves. So we can keep the current low and have a lot of power available at the appliance. Run through water heaters for a bathroom are typically rated at 22kW and more

[@acikkarim6551]

Tq ser

[@dennisphoenix1]

That's a big water heater at 22kw

[@totalermist]

@@dennisphoenix1 What? Why? *Tankless* water heaters (which the OP is talking about) are typically 18kW to 33kW with many models having switchable power to support 18kW, 21kW, and 24kW. Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.2 kJ/kg. Given an ambient temperature of 20°C (e.g. indoors) and a target hot-water temperature of say 45°C results in a 25°C temperature difference. To heat 1kg (~1 litre) of water therefore requires 25*4.2*1 = 105kJ of energy. A gravity shower (e.g. most showers) has a throughput of 3.5 litres/minute so 6.125 kW is the lower threshold *if* your water is already at room temperature. Typically, cold water is around 11°C and hot water about 40°C, so ~30°C is a more realistic temperature differential and 7.35 kW of power. A rule-of-thumb is therefore power-in-kW/2 = litres/minute and thus a 22 kW unit is sufficient to provide 11 litres/minute of hot water. The throughput of a tap or shower depends on the water pressure and in Germany 15 to 25 litres/minute are the norm so a 22 kW unit barely suffices to provide hot water at maximum pressure for a single tap or shower.

[@dennisphoenix1]

@@totalermist in the UK we have more stored hot water than instantaneous when heated by electricity. We have electric showers but are 8.5 kw to 10.5 kw . We use gas for heating and hot water heating mostly , either stored or instantaneous via combination boilers . Hence a 22kw heater would be big for us .

[@totalermist]

@@dennisphoenix1 Agreed, 22kW would be way overkill for a storage water heater :)

[@mgfails9274]

AC is not more efficient than DC. DC is much efficient and better, but it can't be stepped with transformers. It is bossible, but the equipment is expensive and in 1900 AC was more better.

[@ericscaillet2232]

Besides AC is a lot more effecient in retaining it's value over distances hence it's usage from power plants

[@mgfails9274]

AC has some capacity and inductivity in parralel from the lines to earth that shorts the AC(power losses), and skin effect(power loss higher with the frequency) but can be stepped up using transformers. DC has NONE of that excepting line resistance, but it needs an expensive system to step up the voltage and step down the viltage at the recieving station.

[@D4V1D83FY]

Ac in 3phase power is better. 100 years experience.

[@scottadkin541]

These are the videos I need to show to my non electrical friends. Sometimes it shocks me how little people know about the most useful thing we use everyday.

[@stupossibleify]

Finally! A satisfying explanation of neutral/earth!

[@whiteflagrage]

Erf

[@mozmalmohammed7418]

I 'm beginnger what should i do thank you

[@Proiectediversediy]

Eu is 230

[@kaz1mel]

Releul din tablou arata dupamasa 227 si noaptea pana la 237 :))

[@xxHigher]

+-10%

[@macieksoft]

In Poland we had 220V before joining EU (i think that Russia ans post Soviet Union countries still stick to 220V as they are not in EU), then we switched to 230V. So EU is 230V, it may vary a little bit obviously. I never had a problem with any 220V devices running on 230V, seems like such a small difference is not a problem for anything.

[@rkan2]

@@macieksoft Most devices work in a range of something like 190V-250V.. Bunch of them also work from 90V to 250V.. What devices built in the last 3 decades cannot work on 230V instead of 220V or vice-versa?

[@Murmilone]

Typical electronic appliances for EU/Russia/etc according to their user manuals work in the range of 220 V-240 V. Those with SMPS may work with a wider range such as 120 V-240 V. Phase voltage of 219 V is admissible in a 220 V grid, but is a non-standard voltage for a 230 V (220 V - 240 V) device.

[@kcpkcp1000]

Thank you for the video. In Malaysia here most of our MCBs are designed to have the incoming section on the top and the outgoing section on the bottom. The incoming section is usually labelled 1,3 or 5 while the outgoing section is label 2,4 or 6. The new rule also requires each instant water heater (usually installed in shower room) to have its own RCD with a sensitivity of 10mA.

[@adamh905]

A woman with a clipboard stopped me today and said, "Can I ask where you get your electricity from at the moment?" I replied, "I'm pretty sure it comes into my house through some kind of wire."

[@thisguy-yv5so]

Recently started an apprenticeship and your videos have been crucial in my knowledge base for electrical work. Especially for not being in a formal classroom setting. Thank you sir

[@picklerick814]

my old-ass flat does not have any RCD's :> thanks, landlord

[@patrick_test123]

Ideally they should have mentioned that madatory RCDs for all ciruits is a relativly new thing.

[@applefanXXX]

Live in London Im guessing lmao

[@baileyharrison1030]

Pickle Rick most countries only have them in Bathrooms so I’m sure you’ll be fine.

[@rickvdvorstenbosch1321]

Where im from it came in nen1010 after 2001 i belive as a must 1rcd 4 every 4 groups

[@AUmarcus]

@@patrick_test123 It's been mandatory in Australia on all new buildings for 20+ years.

[@adamb2494]

In Poland is 230V

[@dontcallmethat7240]

Whole Europe is 230V, IDK why it's 220V in video

[@nicolajkl]

I live in Denmark 🇩🇰 which is part of EU 🇪🇺. Here we use 230V/400V so I always wonder why you write that EU is 220V/380V? Well, it used to be back in the days, but in the 90's this was changed.

[@nicolajkl]

Do the rest of the EU still use 220V/380V?

[@EngineeringMindset]

The EU is supposed to have a standardised voltage but not so much has actually changed other than tolerances/allowances. In the three phase video I log the voltage for 24 hours to show how much it changes. See it here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/p6XLpnmCg7ilosk

[@lachertje812]

The frequency is the only thing that is absolutely equal on the European electricity network. 50,00Hz

[@18in80]

EU used to be 220/380 V and the UK (Great Britain and Northern Ireland) used to be 240/415 V until 1st January 1995 when all of the EU including the United Kingdom Voltages became harmonised at 230/400 V; though this was more in theory than in practice. Apparantly Northern Ireland was always 230/400 V both before and after 1995.

[@mateuszzimon8216]

@@18in80 Wut In Poland in 99 we have 220/380 and now 230/400

[@timjs1018]

I don't understand, how can a grounding rod in the soil provide a return path to the source for the electricity?

[@luqkim2]

someone correct me if im wrong, there is a grounding rod near the transformer ( connected to the neutral of transformer), so there is a potential return path from grounding rod at home to the grounding rod of transformer through the soil.

[@leoriverrr]

@@luqkim2 i think youre wrong, the neutral block and earth block are both attached to the metal case of the panel, therebefore they are bonded by that i think

[@SojournerDidimus]

In the Neterlands, the MCBs are double pole. So instead of the circuits terminating on a neutral block, they terminate back on the MCB. Then the MCBs are connected to their RCD, the rest is pretty much the same. Oh, and fore some reason, we usually connect them from bottom to top instead of top to bottom. (So live comes in on the bottom of the MCB/RCD and leaves through the top).

[@SojournerDidimus]

@@robo_374 uhm, well... In the Netherlands there is the NEN1010 standard, which is a guideline, not enforced by law. On the other hand, if you deviate from the NEN 1010, fire insurance may decide not to reimburse damages if they find out. So I think NEN 1010 requires 2P, but there is no law to do so. Also, there's a lot of grandfathering. If you have old fuses, there is no requirement to upgrade to MCBs, and fuses by definition are 1P.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@danielteyehuago1633]

I'm here again

[@ComradeBroski247]

Rcds, what an amazing device. Many people take electricity in their homes for granted and learning and respecting it can go a long way. stay safe!

[@HAMBAALLAH-ii4fy]

۞اَللهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ۞

[@draxoronxztgs1212]

In the Scandinavian countries (atleast Sweden) we have all of the three phases in our houses and even apartments, mainly for the oven and the boiler.

[@Andrea_Selena]

Here in Germany we also have three phase power to our homes, also mainly for boilers and ovens.

[@ericscaillet2232]

Make sense...you guys are drawing amps 😉

[@martin-ot]

Yes, this is standard in almost all of Europe with three phase to the homes.

[@ArifBillahOnGoogle]

Now go create a university, and people will join.

[@Manutinus]

This has been by far the most comprehensible and straightforward explanation I've ever seen, great work!

[@andressedriess2032]

What is that thing basba or bazba ??🤔🤔

[@EngineeringMindset]

Busbar

[@solidus784]

I'm an electrician and I watched this I don't know why good vid though in fairness.

[@nachatana]

Very good video but from my point of view you should add main MCB after the main switch, for example 63A or something smaller from the electricity meter FUSE to protect it and don't have to replace it in case of over-current

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@xethlorien4736]

Your videos are amazing and easy to understand. I've been hesitant to get back into school and finish my degree, but these vids make me more confident I can survive it. :)

[@REVERSE.MASTER]

Thank you for visiting my channel 😍😘😍😘😍😘😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😘😘😍😍😘😍😍😍😘😘😘😍😍😍. . . . ......

[@benm9348]

Usually, I'd refrain from interfering, but seeing as viewers are coming here for educational purposes, I feel obliged to point out that the correct word is "sheath", not "sheaf". Sheaf is a bundle of grain stalks. While electrical wiring has a Sheath. Apologies for being a grammar-troll

[@harrygatto]

In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. A malapropism (also called a malaprop or Dogberryism) is the use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound.

[@ericscaillet2232]

No worries mate, educated people do not mind being corrected,hence they are educated.

[@AaronzDad]

Searched the comments looking for this one. Yeah, great video but some proofreading would have improved it.

[@federicohansen4561]

isnt dangerous to ground water, gas pipes IF some voltage come across it, EVEN a RCD is intsalled?

[@brostahl6435]

it makes it safe, 'earth' is ground which is 0V, by adding the earthing wire you are making meta caskets and features equal to 0V. If the earth wire is not connected the voltage is left 'floating' (unknown voltage). If the floating voltage increases to unsafe levels it has a higher chance of creating a spark to get to the nearest ground source, this can ignite the gas inside the pipe

[@davidl5546]

In Singapore we use ELCB (EARTH LEAKAGE CB). It works similarly to RCD but are extremely sensitive and it will also trip instantly by touching the Neutral wire. The Neutral wire is actually connected to the other end of the power station generator coil so theoretically both Live and Neutral are live.

[@mastablasta9x]

Perfectly explained, straightforward and concise, thank you!

[@48_subhambanerjee22]

this was helpful bro.. thanks for keeping it simple for beginers in electrical engineering like us

[@ldreisisch]

In germany we have L1 L2 L3 and PEN in the streets and in our houses L1 L2 L3 N PE seperated not just one phase

[@beachboardfan9544]

Lucky bastards! Three phase in the home!? In American you pretty much have to kill someone to get three phase run to your home.

[@BobBeatski71]

How do electricians ensure a whole street does not have each properties water heater attached to the same phase ? (ie. how to ensure better load balancing at the generator?)

[@solarfluxman8810]

@@beachboardfan9544 - In the sixties (1960s), we had 3 phase power in our house in Arizona, in a normal residential neighborhood. We were the only house that I know of to have it. How? My dad worked for the local electric utility company as the principal engineer. He understood that the central air conditioner would be more efficient with a three phase motor, and that the motor would be more dependable. And in Arizona, the air conditioners run much of the time. I've always thought that three phase electricity would be best in any area where motors are used much. So, it seems to me that the Germans are doing it the smart way. At some point, the whole world needs to decide on just one standard way of doing electrical. Same voltages, same frequency, same phases, same outlets. Then manufacturers could just make one version, and it would work everywhere. How can we make this happen?

[@solarfluxman8810]

@@BobBeatski71 - I read above the answer to your question. In Germany, they use three phase water heaters, stoves and driers. So, balancing isn't an issue.

[@beachboardfan9544]

Solar Fluxman thats the dream! Wouldnt that be incredible!

[@j.maxwaddell2557]

Thank you for breaking this topic down to laymen's level terms and diagrams. Great job.

[@EngineeringMindset]

How *THREE PHASE* electricity works ➡️kzbin.info/www/bejne/p6XLpnmCg7ilosk

[@zainolariffin4936]

The best video ever. Engineering mindset, can u do a video on what kind of software/computer programming are usually used by engineers in their projects. Thanks a lot.

[@krashd]

0:39 I love Australia's "Scary Movie" sockets.

[@semicolontransistor]

In China, it seems to be pretty common for the main fuse to be just another circuit breaker and for plug circuits to be protected by a combined RCD/MCB while the lighting circuits to be protected only with an MCB. Amazing video, I really love the animations.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Interesting to hear, thanks for sharing

[@centitrade]

他这个视频上面好像也是啊，插座是漏电保护器和断路器，灯是断路器

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@fikrinoh1135]

Here in Malaysia, the grounding is done by planting the long copper rods screwed together into the ground instead of to the neutral side of the transformer.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Interesting, thank you

[@Solocat1]

In Canada we have the Netual and "Safely ground" (Earth). The Netual or return is connected to the panel coming from the transformer. The safety Ground is a rod or plate buried in the ground at the consumers house.

[@fikrinoh1135]

comm744 Oh, I thought your country's system is like in the US where ground wire is connected to the neutral side of the transformer. Thanks for the info :)

[@fikrinoh1135]

The Engineering Mindset You're welcome

[@Murmilone]

In Russia, TN-C-S is typically used in urban areas and TT is used in rural areas. I believe, the only difference is that in TN-C-S the local ground wire is connected both to a copper rod in your yard and the neutral wire while in TT the local ground wire is only connected to the copper rod. Ground fault currents are much larger in TN-C-S so it's considered safer (ground fault can be detected by an MCB rather than RCCB).

[@HazeBaze]

220V in europe ist not completly right. Here in Germany we have 230V/400V @ 50Hz. Not 220V And the picture of Type of the Socket are used in France :D the Countrys in Europe has a liitle diffrence types.

[@TheEulerID]

The EU standard is 230V -6% +10% (i.e. 216.2 V - 253.0 V). You will still find 220V is some countries. In the UK actual mains voltage is typically 240V (in my house at the moment it's currently measuring 243 V). All these fall into the 230V standard.

[@rxwh]

It does not matter for this video.

[@martin-ot]

@@TheEulerID It is not just a paper definition (which you seems to insinuate). If you actually care to measure the main voltage in most of Europe, it will actually be close to 230V on average.

[@TheEulerID]

@@martin-ot What the average is across Europe is utterly irrelevant to any one location. The specification was explicitly written to encompass the range of mains voltages across the EU with appropriate tolerances. It's a simple fact, for example, the UK system is nominally about 240V, although it will vary according to local conditions and loads. What you dismiss as a mere paper specification, is actually something manufacturers use to ensure their equipment will work across the EU.

[@martin-ot]

Steve Jones ”average” as due to variations over the day, and how close or far away you are from the transformer. “normal”, as in what is the most common, nominally and actual, voltage in most European countries. I do not disagree with your standard statement. Just a quick reality check and comment.

[@toddlininger4874]

have you made the North America version of Single Phase Electricity yet?

[@alexoborin1]

Thanks. Very educational. Specially Earth connection

[@qwertyui90qwertyui90]

As an electrical engineering person, this video is amazing for visual learners.

[@oefive8647]

Perfect video and great explanation! Thanks for that! I would like to mention that the schematic diagram may not be 100% correct, it represents DC rather than AC. Furthermore, due to Kirchoff's 1st law, there is no current return from the neutral block. So it raises an interesting question. Since every circuit has to be closed in order to function and since the sum of the currents in the neutral block is 0 (at least theoretically under symmetrical load), how does the circuit really close physically? Can you answer this question?

[@DL-kc8fc]

With this node (Kirchhoff's law), the difference 0 at node (!) Occurs by the sum of the currents entering the node and the sum of the currents leaving the node, so the result at the node is "0". You can help by the agreed convention that the current entering to the node is negative and the output current from the node is positive, so the result in the node is 0. This is fine (the sum of the currents takes place at the node location, not elsewhere) and the circuit is thus safely closed. In practice, Kirchhoff's law can be found in a circuit breaker, which houses a differential transformer that pulls the armature (opens the contacts from the source) if the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents is different, ie not equal to 0. It is an ingenious device that saves lives.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@tonydoggett7627]

It’s a single phase board. What comes in on the A, B or C phase goes out on the neutral (and earth stake as it’s MEN). No 3 phase supplied domestic home has perfectly balanced single phase loads. There will always be some neutral current returning to the town/suburbs star connected transformer(s).

[@anshulsingh8326]

8:10 So why use neutral block? It's all connected to the same neutral wire. Why not connect all neutral wire to it directly? Like one switch board has 3neutral wire. So make it one and connect them to RCD?

[@dereinepixel1844]

Here in Germany we usually don't have any main switches ourselves. They usually are property of the service provider and would be sealed to prevent being operated by any private person. Usually we trip the RCD in order to get power disconnected from all appliances and, for example, install a new circuit breaker, which by the way in Germany has usually a current rating of 16 amps. In public buildings/areas and schools there must be a 10 amp breaker installed. Also we have usually 3 phases (brown, black,grey) with 230V AC , and one combined cable for neutral/earth (green/yellow) straight to our houses. Also it's normal here to have the electricity meter inside the house in our fuse box.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@krakenwoodfloorservicemcma5975]

This helps me understand two-phase electricity as well..

[@Sudsy93]

4 ,v V V 8 M o k , 9o ¥ k n I 9

[@BasebossSports]

Wow, now thats what you call proper teaching. Thanks so much, made it so simple to understand.

[@kierancraddock1481]

Quick question. In a refrigeration scenario, I have come across a compressor not running due to a faulty neutral connection. As stated I can identify this as the issue but never fully understood how the compressor won't run with a healthy 240v supply through the live connection?

[@ranvierion]

very clear and very informative explanation. Engaging till the very end. Thank you for putting in all the efforts in creating this video. Appreciate it.

[@philipmariaegeanga7984]

in the philippines the wire code is USE A TESTER AND DONT ASSUME THE NEUTRAL IS NEUTRAL

[@VTdarkangel]

This is interesting. I knew that the European power systems were different than ours here in the US, but this video shows that they are quite different. The RCD you showed would be called a GFI (ground fault interrupter) circuit breaker here. Typically GFIs are only used on circuits that are reasonably possible to get wet (kitchens, bathrooms, water pumps, etc). On the large commercial level, many building circuit breaker/disconnects will have ground-fault detection built into them, but this isn't common on the residential level.

[@johnschroeder3072]

An important note due to the design of European and Australian/NZ switchboards they will have RCD's (followed by a group of MCB's) which only provide the ground fault unlike GFCI's which also do over current. We call those RCBO's.

[@VTdarkangel]

@@johnschroeder3072 That is true. The GFCI does also provide overcurrent protection as well. I find it interesting that European power design chooses to have ground fault protection for all circuits which is not typical here.

[@TheEulerID]

On the current regulations, the used of residual current devices (GFCIs) is virtually mandatory on all domestic circuits. Personally I prefer the type of device that combines and RCBO and RCD into a single unit (which is what I have), which is not shown on the video. That means if there is an earth/ground fault, it only trips that circuit. It costs a bit more, but is greatly preferable. The only real exception in a domestic situation to requiring residual current/earth fault detection is for mains powered fire alarm circuits and similar.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@lesibanahopekolobe2292]

Hi Paul, I'm from South Africa, I don't know if what I am going to say applies in your region. I'm only seeing one meter to indicate the consumer power consumption. So where do we place the meter for consumers when they buy electricity (one that has buttons, for inserting the token numbers. And again let's say one has got two houses in one yard, how do we branch the connection? Does it comes from main switch to the other house or from the mcbs? Your assistance will be highly appreciated.

[@aion2177]

Thank you very much!! Ive seen installs with RCD's where the null bars are a single bar. Very sketchy and your video helped me clearly understand the right way to do it :)

[@felipeviana01]

Very interesting, I'm amazed at how similar it is to the setup we use here in Brazil, even though we mostly use 110/127 volts circuitry.

[@fikrithauli7079]

I love the way you explain the topic. can you explain the building automation system??

[@EngineeringMindset]

BMS is on the list to come 😉

[@damianbrudzinski2762]

o-0 + piorunochron. a gdzie 4 faza ? xD 4 faza jako szczotki na pradnicy zawsze zero cos miedzy zielonym a czerwonym prad jedno fazowy bez trujkata i 3 fazowy+1faza (moze moc)ekran tylko przewodami jezeli to jest zero to jaka strata na przewodach ? (tylko zamysl mozliwe ze na smieci)

[@Retrosen]

I dont know how i ended up here but really interesting

[@BedsitBob]

Don't like the look of those bare conductors, poking out, at 0:33.

[@zaherquraid4223]

I'm leaning in Germany the electricity since 2 years ,and I found it so complicated,but now with this easy video it leted me understand how the connections are going. Thank a lot 👍🏼👍🏼

[@Mike_droptv]

German power installation is especially complicated, with all the added security stuff. Can't speak for other countries, but here they sometimes tend to get a little overzealous with their protection. I've been an electricition for around 15 years now, but I can't figure out most of the installation stuff, without a wire plan :D

[@WalrusRiderEntertainment]

I’m from Australia and we use 240V not 230V

[@EngineeringMindset]

You will be using 230V, the Australian grid is being harmonised with the rest of the world. The official nominal voltage of Australia is 230V, but many parts still use 240. Only some parts have transitioned so far.

[@PuFF1kPuF]

actualy transmitting DC is cheaper(because of no reactive power) but transforming DC is much expensive than AC

[@pogurek]

Exactly.

[@theinsfrijonds]

I've heard that transmitting DC it doesn't go as far, like there's more drop-off versus AC

[@mohammad45h]

سلام سپاس وهزاران 👍....لطف کنین درمورد سیم کشی های خودرو های امروزی شبکه های van و...canو.......عیب یابی انها با دستگاه های پیکوسکوپ و....زحمت بکشین ممنونم.......هزاران 👍.....

[@LSF315]

Brilliant video.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Thanks, glad you enjoyed

[@LSF315]

The Engineering Mindset, perhaps you could do one on transformer tapping?

[@Dooro-Dooro-3491]

You are good

[@lohphat]

A "sheaf" is a bundle of long items tied together, a "sheath" is a protective outer covering.

[@hughie9357]

In Ireland they pronounce 3 as tree. And in england its pronounced "free"

[@narasimharaoatyam7546]

Nice video

[@speciosa146]

Im looking forward to that north America version, you got yourself another sub!

[@satyajeetkumar6386]

Great video!

[@Mikej1592]

thanks for this, I have been watching Thomas Naggy doing electrical work and now I finally will understand some of what he is talking about. I hope you have one on ring circuits somewhere as well, if not I would like to see one. I kind of know how they work just not sure of the exact benefits and why we don't use it in the states and so forth. Very informative video, well done.

[@peterc2373]

No circuit breakers on the neutral wires ? In belgium it is demanded by law + earth wire from every socket , switch or lightbulb going back to the circuit box and from thereout to the earth line outside

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@subzero3499]

Thank you my friend, I've been watching your videos and it's all coming back to me now

[@Mangalofficialvlog30]

nice

[@arvidrh]

Wonderful! Easy to follow with great visualization.

[@salsamancer]

Incredibly well spoken with clean diagrams. This is a fantastic lecture

[@campbellkennett7984]

AC is NOT more efficient than DC. In fact, it is only 70.7% as effective as it's DC equivalent. The reason AC is used for distribution is that it (Voltage) can easily be stepped up and down by transformers whereas DC can't. High voltage transmission is essential to reduce line losses due to resistance.

[@RangieNZ]

Incorrect. AC has less losses in the cables, for the same power flow. You are mixing up power transferred to load for the same peak current.

[@Hrostbjergsorensen]

@@RangieNZ thats not true. there is alot of capacitance lost in AC.

[@RangieNZ]

@@Hrostbjergsorensen It depends what medium surrounds the cable. In air (i.e. suspended from towers), AC is more efficient which is why virtually all power transmission is above ground AC. However, underground, or sub-sea etc, then DC is more efficient, as you aren't creating and destroying a magnetic field 100 times per second in the ground around the cable - there is just a static magnetic field around the cable.

[@TheEulerID]

@@RangieNZ That's untrue. AC has higher losses due to radiative losses, the skin effect and the generation of eddy currents. Now that there are very high voltage and power semiconductors, there is a transmission system which called HVDC which uses semiconductors and performs voltage step-up/down by converting to very high frequency signals with ferrite cored transformers in the manner of switched mode power supplies. new.abb.com/systems/hvdc/why-hvdc/economic-and-environmental-advantages It's typically used for connecting between grids which may be on different frequencies and for such things as underwater cables and connecting renewables like wind turbines. It's relatively expensive to install on short lines due to the semiconductors, so it will not be found in local distribution networks. However, it's increasingly being used on long distance links due to its higher efficiency and that it requires less cable.

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new - How wind turbines work video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fpebaGibhLuljKs

[@michaelcostello6991]

Great video. This is revision for me but badly needed on saying that. Great visualization as previously commented. thanks for your great work

[@skullduggerygillen]

Amazing vid. Edit : subs to the channel 😇👍

[@noreply6193]

the universe is around 5 billion years old, since the birth of christ, it's taken us two thousand and nineteen years to get a video like this - we are lucky! wish it was around earlier

[@djblackarrow]

0:28 I'm from Germany - The current mains voltage is between 230 and 240V. 220V is outdated. 0:40 We use 3-phase 230 and 3-phase 400V in our homes. 1:43 In Germany you will very rarely find individual transformers for individual houses. Here are usually placed a little larger transformers and supply several houses (often the whole block of houses). 2:18 With us every building with 3x230 / 400V is fed. For older buildings, there are only AC meters for the individual apartments. In modernized or new buildings, three-phase meters are used. 2:33 With us the wires from the Transformer contains 3 Phases and PEN (PE and N combined). It's also called "TN-C System". Before the Cable came to the Houses there are big NH-Fuses in small electric-cabinets at the side walk. Each building MUST be equipped with a separate foundation earth or similar. In modernized or new buildings the incoming TN-C System is converted to a TN-C-S System, where N and PE are separated.

[@mateuszzimon8216]

1. I agree with this 2. Yes, 3 phase system used by induction kitchen 3. Small transformers is common on more rural area like a farm 4. Agree because new style appliance and gas limited offer (gas don't go more than 3rd floor) 5 TN-C on transformer side but every new building must have TN-S system on electric-cabinets side

[@hardstylegamer9932]

Small addition to the last point. TN-C-S is the whole GRID from generator to consumer. The part inside installatian that is using PE and N split up is just TN-S. The Midvoltage grid (The small city stuff) itself is using TN-C (Hence why the whole power system is called TN-C-S.) For anyone curious thats reading this and wants to know some more stuff about what I'm talking about The Letters have meanings. First letter is how the local transformer is set up in its neutral point. T stands for Terra (latin) which means its grounded/earthed. Second letter describes how the house is set up. T means direct earth/ground (so no direct cable connection between PE and N) N means it is AT LEAST directly connected to the Neutral point of the transformer. (PE and N can either be seperated or combined, which is what the third letter means. the fourth option, TN-C-S, is basically a combination of a combined PE+N and seperated. Which is what is used in the standart grid due to safety.

[@MrSabaDap]

I once had an American clothe drier (220) and was able to connect it in the uk by using step down transformer (220 to 110) to supply the 2 separate live wire. Now I can't remember the connection. Could u help me understand?

[@wm2008]

A center tap transformer will give you phase-neutral-phase at 220/2=110V from phase-neutral.

[@FlnSkr]

Here on Luxembourg, we receive trifase in our homes, and the connections are the same as you explained. A little detail I learned from work. We connect the Ground cable with the Neutral before the RCD, just in case the incoming Neutral breaks and everything inside the house melts, because the 230v outlets would receive 400v instead.

[@tombenton3956]

7:23 is that's supposed to be like that's the neutral is connected from the RCD to the first MCB well looks like it is

[@EngineeringMindset]

Seen our new incredibly detailed MCB video? link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naKopmyqba2qjZI

[@RangieNZ]

Awesome video with amazing content. I'm still trying to get passed "sheaf" vs "sheath" though! :)

[@PompeyMatt17]

I was just going to say the same 🤣

[@syedabdurrahman984]

This is why i pay for internet. Helpful informative video and well explained. Not to mention the editing and animation of the video supports a lot.

[@Alaakso]

In Finland every household typically gets 3 phases. Also usually mcd and rcd are combined into one unit. Very comprehensive video, good work!

[@EngineeringMindset]

Interesting, thanks. We'll do some more videos on three phase and two phase as well as industrial and high rise diagrams soon

[@altuber99_athlete]

@@EngineeringMindset I've read in Latin America is common to actually use _three-phase_ electricity in homes.

[@econo1708]

i live in Poland and it's very common to have a three phase in your house. Usually it's for water heating or other high voltage stuff.

[@Flopgunder]

@@EngineeringMindset Same thing for Sweden, every house from the tiniest cabin to a high rise building gets three phases,, although some apartments may only have a single phase. So hobbyists having a three phase drill press or something like that in their garage workshop is commonplace. Great video!

[@TheEulerID]

Combined MCB/RCDs are available in the UK too. They are called RCBOs and that's what my house is fitted with. They are much preferable to RCDs in my view as they localise faults better and are less prone to nuisance trips. The only downside is that they cost more in the first place, but as the electrical installation is typically in place for several decades, over time, the extra cost is insignificant.

[@enzoperruccio]

Ground and neutral wire? South America: "We don't do that's here" If you don't get the joke it's simple: here in South America nobody gives a shit about how they connect ac wires. It's just a mess really, because no matter the color, you'll never know which wire Is going to bite you lol. Heck, I think many light switches in my house are actually switching the neutral wire.

[@IrfanKhan-rn2ht]

Can you make this with hindi subtitles

[@EngineeringMindset]

Hindi channel now live! kzbin.info/www/bejne/oGjHnayteMedfJI

[@glennschemitsch8341]

In north America, the earth is NOT allowed to be connected to a gas line. an iron or copper water pipe can be used as an earth connection.

[@TheEulerID]

The connections shown are bonding, not earth connections. Gas and water pipes are not allowed to be used as earth/ground connections in the UK. If a separate earth spike is required, then it's a separate. However, most UK buildings get an earth/ground connection from the electrical supplier (TN-C-S or TN-S) rather than supply their own (which is called TT). The reason for the bonding is to make sure that all the exposed metal work in the house is bonded to the protective earth. The reason for that is if there's a fault which causes a live conductor to come into contact with a copper pipe that the pipe will not become live as it's bonded to earth/ground. In that case, the earth fault protection (in this case the RCD) will trip and you won't be in danger of being electrocuted by touching a live pipe. That regulation applies to all exposed metalwork including exposed structural steel which must be bonded too. The reason why it's becoming even more important is that it is now common for water and even gas to be delivered by plastic piping and that leaves exposed pipe work "floating". That also applies to internal plumbing now that so much plastic is used as isolated pipes must also have equipotential bonding.