So, space isn't a 4D Pringle... Maybe a donut?

[@dingalong14]

I recently discovered your channel and am a big fan of your explanation style. The structured, succinct paths from one point to the next manage to be simultaneously engaging and easily digestible. The sources you put in the description also definitely don't go unappreciated. Thanks for the videos!

[@physicsforthebirds]

I'm glad you're getting some use out of the sources! Always better to hear it from the original than from me 😄

[@WilhalmBrion]

100% this. The ease at which idea are expressed blows me away. Keep it up.

[@verica4b]

Agreed! Reminds me of my former cryptography prof ☺️

[@physicsforthebirds]

Thanks for watching! The topology of the universe is an active topic of research, and still there are unanswered questions that cosmologists are looking into. Recent studies have even suggested that a 3-torus or a slab universe might explain some anomalies in CMB data. I was considering including the results, but they didn't seem necessary for the video. In addition to the sources in the description, take a look at these if you want to learn more: arxiv.org/abs/2106.13205 arxiv.org/abs/1809.05924 Also, @Mephisto brought up this video by Vsauce: kzbin.info/www/bejne/m5ioo5SQhZ6sjrM It turns out I was wrong! Because the lacrimal puncta are connected to the nasal cavity through the tear ducts, we are actually homeomorphic to a surface with 7 holes!

[@Nulono]

The radius of the observable universe is way longer than 14 billion years due to the expansion of the universe.

[@physicsforthebirds]

@@Nulono That's absolutely right, I should have said proper distance

[@shebahammy]

L opinion

[@coreyrachar9694]

Oh man, I tried to check out those research papers and it's like they aren't even speaking English. Like why do they say things like "as a signature for a multiply connected nature of the Universe"... what does that even mean? That two things are connect by some form of multiplication? Later: "Universe models with spatially multiply connected topology contain typically a discrete spectrum of the Laplacian with a specific wave-length..." Laplacian what? Obviously this stuff requires arbitrary knowledge to be understood like what these terms mean, because they obviously aren't using the standard definitions of words. I get that i'm not the target audience but geeze, it seems so arbitrary. Like if you're going going to change words and grammar around to accommodate these terms then why not just create a new term for it? Seems like it would be way less confusing. I'm likely wrong, but to me, it seems more accurate to say something like "as a signature for a multiplicatively connected nature of the Universe" or at least it's better english.

[@maselli2112]

​@Corey Rachar I am by no means a reliable source on this. I have no background in this field. however, i do not think "multiply" here is referring to multiplication. I think it means "multiple" but with -ly as the suffix. so in other words "connected in multiple locations" or something

[@megacarls9894]

Yet another beautifully made video. This channel is a hidden gem on youtube.

[@lexinwonderland5741]

How do you keep taking your viewer on journeys through so many bizarrely disjunct ideas, and leave us with a sense of not just knowledge but comforting wisdom? Your teaching style is incredible. Thank you for making these videos!!!

[@mephisto_ow]

Didn't vsauce say that we are actually an object with 7 topological holes?

[@physicsforthebirds]

Thanks for bringing that to my attention! I just watched the video, and YES! I forgot about the tear ducts!

[@victorqwilleran3331]

​@@physicsforthebirds and the ears. Everything drains into your stomach. :0

[@tlocto]

@@victorqwilleran3331 aren't ears closed by eardrum? There's just a hole inside

[@victorqwilleran3331]

@@tlocto so I was under the impression that the Eustachian tube was fully connected to the ear hole but you are correct, ear drums break the connection in a topological sense.

[@spcyndles]

@@physicsforthebirds cool

[@PhysicsLaure]

I had never heard of the idea that if tge universe has a border, then there's some places in space that are more special than others. Really cool idea! 🧡

[@physicsforthebirds]

Yeah, it's amazing how much of our understanding of cosmology is based on that one idea!

[@lonestarr1490]

@@physicsforthebirds Is there actually a reason for the cosmological principle, or is it more like, "If it isn't the case, then we can't ever know shit about the universe, and that would suck."?

[@photonicpizza1466]

@@lonestarr1490 It’s more that we just don’t have a good reason to assume some places are more special than others, the burden of proof there is pretty heavy. So, we just assume the opposite.

[@friendlyoldpieceofapoppedp711]

holy shit im in love with this channel. the style, with a mix of animation and real life, the fluidity between points, the topics themselves, how you explain them... it's so amazing. I've literally told my friends about this channel. You're going to grow heavily over the next few months, that's for sure.

[@ddurlon]

so real

[@Chest3rTheSquirrel]

I've never been more disappointed to discover a channel and realize that it only has a few videos so far. Love your content and I'm excited for more!

[@ryryskywalker]

Today I found your channel and I'm really enjoying it. This semester I got a small introduction in topology in Analysis 2 class, it's interesting to see a more "practical" approach to the topic. I'm leaving this comment for the algorithm, to boost your channel and appreciate your work ^^

[@curious_ben]

After watching your last four videos, I was genuinely excited when I saw the release of this one. Great content! keep it coming please

[@isaacsalcedomacias7249]

This truly is a hidden gem, I just love it.

[@justeon2000]

Really glad I found your channel, unique content. There’s this feeling these videos evoke, it’s hard to describe but it’s almost…cute? gentle? idk but keep it up, this is the genuine spirit of truth seeking.

[@vixielune]

Really great video! Found your channel a tiny bit ago, and MAN, you have to be one of the most underrated channels on the platform! Your content is genuinely one of a kind, since your way of showing these concepts allows for people who don't have knowledge on the topic to easily find a base understanding and learn more about it, and those who do have knowledge and understanding to enjoy and gain new perspectives, i love it! Really a hidden gem, keep up the great work!

[@physicsforthebirds]

Thank you! That's exactly what I'm going for, so it really means a lot!

[@stdesy]

The KZbin gods have granted you the recognition your content clearly deserves. I wouldn’t be surprised to see a 10-15x in subs over the next few months

[@chanceh4089]

This was seriously such beautifully clear and concise explanation, I love your videos so far and hope that they reach more viewers- you deserve it!

[@badguy562]

Like how you connect math topology and kind of geometry to the physical behavior of the universe. It shows that math is so much more than numbers. It is the fundamentel language of our universe.

[@spcyndles]

this is the first time I've felt satisfied after seeing someone talk about the universe and say that we might never know

[@sudarshandas4270]

Watching this chanel feels like a watching a star being born

[@FaffyWaffles]

excited to see this channel gain the millions of subscribers it deserves!

[@deltalima6703]

The quality of the comments varies inversely with the number of subscribers. We are in a happy spot now, enjoy it while yo can. 😈😇

[@cheeseburgermonkey7104]

@@deltalima6703 Before the comment bots come...

[@crustyhotcake8067]

I'm a bit late but I just wanted to say that as someone that does cosmology research, these videos are really pretty incredible. You do such a great job of boiling these topics down to something someone with little to no physics knowledge can understand. We need more people willing to engage with the public and get them excited about physics and astronomy so thank you for doing that so well. Also, just a small note: the observable universe has a radius of ~45 billion lyr thanks to the universe expanding.

[@evancox]

You’re an incredible and engaging teacher about very nebulous nuanced interconnected topics. I can’t wait for your next video :)

[@t3x731]

Man I really like ur content, the way you explain + the cute drawings. I love it, keep it uppp

[@skyhighflying1525]

Please oh please do a video series on physics. Everyone else is so confusing but you managed to flawlessly explain why our universe is both a Pringle and not a Pringle in a way I understood

[@reclude2059]

My first thought when you brought up the universe repeating was that "alternate dimension" thing in super mario 64 where if mario's coordinates exceed the size of the world the game subtracts the max coord value however many times necessary to treat it like he's still inside the boundaries. The exploits they use to get obscene amounts of speed are like too powerful or smthn like that so its easier to aim for a spot a few dimensions over rather than in the same dimension. I think there's some other weird behavior that makes them useful but i don't recall

[@lucyferos205]

This is actually how some multiverse theories work

[@Superscout8]

"The exploits they use to get obscene amounts of speed are like too powerful or smthn like that so its easier to aim for a spot a few dimensions over rather than in the same dimension. I think there's some other weird behavior that makes them useful but i don't recall" "to answer that we need to talk about parallel universes" here is a great video by bismuth explaining the concept it is super interesting to hear the math behind the code: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rZvKlmSYi9SVhJI as for the usefulness in speed runs it allows TAS makers utilize the massive speeds possible with backwards long jumps, because without them you would clip into out of bounds too often and that would limit the places you could go with such massive speed. in particular the ABC crew is trying to remove all the a presses in the game and parallel universe movements allow them to remove quite a few of them if only we could jump up the stairs repeatedly to go around the universe and cut the work commute by 99%

[@robotboi763]

The quality on this channel is just crazy

[@brokenpins]

Just found your channel and am loving your approach to teaching these topics, I find them so understandable. Thank you for making such great content.

[@ffrancoaparicio]

I'm so glad youtube recommended me your videos, I subscribed yesterday and already know I'm gonna be a big fan of your content. Thank you!

[@kiwitou420]

This is the first video i watched and its awesome! Nice style and structure. And i love how you built the videos to actually catch attention and be interesting on another level than the facts. Im happy to only see compliments and people appreciateing the work in the comments. Well deserved!

[@lostcosmonaut1000]

I just started watching some of your content yesterday and knew I had to sub, keep up the good work and thanks for reintroducing me to how interesting some of the topic surrounding astrophysics can be

[@mordiemannogenost69]

These videos are amazing, and I hope to see you grow big in the near future! And also, please remember me when you've grown BIG!

[@physicsforthebirds]

Thanks! It's hard to forget early viewers

[@wbungbongdingdong]

Amazing channel, I hope you get the exposure you deserve man!

[@pandasabotage7943]

Found your channel yesterday, after watching the pringle video I watched the rest of your videos. I'm really happy to see that you made a sort of sequel to that video.

[@jacopocio5541]

your videos are SO COOL, i just love this stuff. like. science, but at a scale so uncomprehensibly big it might as well be philosophy. also you have an incredible talent at explaining complex subjects!

[@iwanttwoscoops]

you are a fantastic scientific communicator

[@esssaaaa5417]

you made this video and topic so simple that this is the first time viewing and my mind is absolutely blown.

[@Spudcore]

I love your videos. You have a really disarming presentation style.

[@alqamahasnain6428]

Your channel is amazing and so are you. I'm so glad to have stumbled across your content. Btw I love how your playlist is infinite

[@kashu7691]

the world needs more people like you. thanks for these amazing videos

[@musaran2]

"Signs of looping universe?" had been bugging me for a long time. There was the weird rare annular galaxy behind an annular galaxy, but I never thought of using the CMB. Thank you.

[@shaunclare36]

Hidden gem of a channel, all hail the mighty algorithm for bringing this channel upon me.

[@speedyreto0077]

just binged your chanel and loved it. keep the great work up!!!

[@xiphosura413]

Have you looked into the recent developments surrounding the cosmological principle? What some call the crisis in cosmology. It is quite interesting to see how the further we can look, the more large scale structure we find, which challenges our idea of on what scale the universe begins to look homogeneous, and does it actually hold. Really ties into the ending of your video, and how the 'objective truth' such as it is may be forever hidden by the limits of what is even physically possible to perceive. I'm interested in seeing what JWST can provide. So far, it has only reinforced the difference in measurement of Hubble's constant. Perhaps the universe too had a dent which became a hole at some point :)

[@vorpal22]

This is a great video and you explain things very well. I'm a mathematician who works as a programmer in astronomy and this was still fascinating to me. I, too, prefer to just say, "We don't know," than to slap a silly answer on a question because uncertainty makes some people uncomfortable.

[@niedem]

This channel is going to explode real soon. Your vids are amazing, keep up the good work! Very well balanced between conveying a shit ton of information yet still being comprehendable if you have a bit of background knowledge!

[@sheenufilms]

It’s an everything bagel.

[@pafnutiytheartist]

Importnt note: cosmological priciple is a big assumption itself.

[@lucasferreira3054]

Best content ever, so good to watch

[@axelle0144]

The title reminded me of the movie "Everywhere Everything all at once" where there are millions of parallel dimensions or possibilities which are all connected to this void bagel

[@love_a_hater]

This video is definitely interesting to think about. Thank you, I'm happy to have met you in this way.

[@corkscrewa]

as long as you continue uploading quality content like this, i have no doubts your gonna be a really successful youtuber

[@bluemanblue2316]

I found this channel from you Pringle video. I come back and hour or so later to see a follow up! What Luck!

[@billymcdermot2805]

Love the videos! The style is great and you link everything together so smoothly

[@floen]

I am equally impressed as all the commenters. You clearly are an amazing teacher and are quite brilliant. My one tidbit of feedback is that I found the opening music a bit too jarring. Perhaps it was the volume, or maybe it was the composition or instrumentation. In short, it was just a bit distracting. That being said, the rest of the video was a real pleasure to watch. Thank you for taking us on these amazing journeys!

[@sethreign8103]

I've been sharing this theory with everyone for years I'm so glad someone made a video about it :)

[@neutrino1011]

I don't like infinity, so I'm rooting for contained universe in a beautiful nicely wrapped shape

[@dinken_]

Your video about jazz got recommended, and when i went into your channel I was chocked by the quality of the videos compared how many you have made, i was expecting tons of videos, so for my and everyone else's sake make more please

[@nicememe6533]

When you stare at the universe with boundaries at 4:21 and it switches to the one without boundaries you'll see a blue circle for the next few seconds whereever you look

[@freekbird7570]

I love this for reasons unknown

[@nyuh]

oh wow this video... i just realized the visuals reminds me of Things To Make And Do In The Fourth Dimension but the style of explanation itself... reminds me of vsauce. the way you go from one thing to another thing but to actually talk about one overarching thing. and the ending with the musicc. whoa. like you tie a bow on the vid. very satisfying. as a someone who wants to make more vids, its rly inspiring

[@stonedtodeath6550]

this channel is like so good for explaining space and like other concepts and how do you only have 10k subs???

[@nathanmaoah4906]

Love this, love thinking about space!

[@VuvuzelaTM]

I liked the video just because your logo, and I'm commenting just because of the channel name! Hope the video keep the stream of creativity

[@DarkAngelEU]

I'm SO happy to have stumbled on a video that actually explains the shape of the universe, instead of just repeating that it's flat over and over. My friends like to act very smart by knowing scientific facts, but rarely can they answer questions like this nor do they have the imagination to think together, they just start saying that "reality is an illusion" and we're all living in Flatland lmao

[@pyrokinetikrlz]

crazily good for people that want to tip their toes into the waters of topology and cosmology!

[@plootyluvsturtle9843]

knowing that the first recognizably human attributes that forms when your born is the butt makes me unreasonably happy for some reason

[@smorcrux426]

such a wonderfully amazing channel

[@bene2788]

Omg I just found this channel and I love it so much!!! Can’t wait to see what kind of videos you put out next!

[@Vinzmannn]

I just discovered you a few days ago and now I get a new video. Hell yah :)

[@mroberts225]

First time watcher. I've watched a ton of educational science youtube, and I really like the content and animations. Good level of detail without getting in the weeds. If you're looking for feedback, I think you need some sort of audio bed, the vocals sound solid but the silence between sentences is a bit jarring. Keep it up, and keep iterating on the format,. You've got a new sub. :)

[@3polw]

I don't know if you've ever read Daniel Pinkwater, but this reminds me of Uncle Borgels explanation of space and time; Space is like a bagel with *EVERYTHING* on it, and time is like a map of New Jersey

[@davidhoward2901]

Amazing thought provoking and whimsical

[@mkteku]

Subbed by the end of the 1st minute. Respect! Inspiring stuff all around.

[@rebeccarivers4797]

Loved this video. I love being able to see a piece of math and know what you are referring to before you finish it. Kinda sad you didn’t give John Nash a shout out for the Nash Embeddings on a torus. He is so much more than just the Nash Equilibrium. In the movie A Beautiful Mind when he is being told he is being considered for the Nobel prize, he mentions his embedding theorems which he always cared more about than the Nash Equilibrium. Second thought, is referencing if the universe is larger than the observable universe. This theoretically could be determined by looking at the rate of expansion of the universe. Because while we can’t see past 13.7 Billion light years, gravity will still affect things that far away. As our universe expands, it gets closer to itself on the opposite of the initial expansion. Objects moving away from the big bang would at first slow down, but once they got close enough to the “other side” they would speed up again because they are being attracted the other way. By testing different mass/size combinations, you could maybe find a curve that matches what we are observing.

[@rebeccarivers4797]

Just going on some basic envelope math, I think that means we can have an upper bound of the universe size at roughly 4 times the age of the earth times the speed of light because halfway to the edge of the unvierse we would start speeding up again(in a simplistiic model). So the size of the universe is < 55.2 Billion light years wide.

[@JayLikesLasers]

12:15 The oldest light we can see is about 13.8 billion years ago in time or a little less, but it's something like 46.5 billion light years away in distance. This is because the universe has been expanding in that time.

[@AlbertMartino17]

Birds and physics. Couldn’t ask for more~ I hope you never get a new mic, haha. Love your work ❤

[@apollyonguy9874]

The Universe is an Everything Bagel.

[@m1.r0_bot]

I'm just glad it's always in a shape of some food product

[@RoflWaffer]

1:11 this image and idea is absolutely hilarious to me.

[@bscutajar]

When gluing the 3d cube, using arrows is not sufficient. You need to use two ortogonal arrows on the surfaces. There are many ways to glue a cube other than standard and inverted, you also have many rotations.

[@physicsforthebirds]

You're right, the single arrows are ambiguous! Thanks for pointing that out.

[@kabylfx]

Great video man. Keep it up!

[@raneena5079]

I agree with the last part completely. Something about the universe possibly being finite doesn't sit right with me. Then again, reality does not care if it sits right with me.

[@TheQContinuumPi]

Just came across your video, and I LOVE the music

[@Deerd]

I really love these videos 😍

[@el.blanco552]

Just gotta say your videos are great! A new sub for sure!

[@envycollar]

this video was awe inspiring

[@homiealladin7340]

The seeing yourself if you have a big enough telescope broke my mind. but obviously depending on topology.

[@shintsu01]

I am glad to found your channel so early on, I love the way you explain difficult to grasp subjects and make it exiting and giving me the Aha, Hmmm, Interesting kind of feeling :) not many are able to do that for me at least. I feel I better understand these topics now that I watched your video about it. please keep up the good work I am sure more birds will flock around your channel!

[@peterszilvasi752]

Finally, an explanation that I can truly accept. It is not possible to identify the shape of the universe from data using light because the observable universe is smaller than the actual Universe. Due to cosmic inflation, measuring CMB patches is ineffective to decide the Universe's curvature because radiation is *not* faster than light.

[@johnsmoak8237]

I'm screaming 😱 I happen to suspect that the universe is a misnomer, and the omniverse is what we are measuring more accurately. I'm writing about these same topics, thanks so much for sharing your studies Godspeed

[@jonathanbyrdmusic]

Back when I was just a fertilized egg, I had big dreams, but I had to make ends meet somehow. That’s how I ended up going into cells.

[@trstmeimadctr]

*Stephen Hawking voice*: Your theory of a donut-shaped universe is intriguing, Homer. I may have to steal it.

[@nosidenoside2458]

I wonder what point in a black hole ionic bonds fall apart and how far that point is from where a human would fall apart

[@cmilkau]

There's this other video I can't find anymore that explains humans actually have 7 topological "holes", so no, topology doesn't stay the same after that. 1. Digestive tract 2-3. 2x Nasopharynx (each nostril to digestive tract) 4-7. 4x Tear duct (2x each eye socket to nasopharynx) The channels connecting each ear to the nasopharynx don't count because the exits through the ears are blocked by the eardrums.

[@mnrvaprjct]

Please do a video on hyperspherical universes!

[@paulfoss5385]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/nXTUk5-glquNb80

[@VulpinetideCuteTimes0w0]

We seem to think that distances in the universe are always finite. It's why we thought at one point the earth was flat, but later it turned out that it's spherical, meaning it has no real begging and no real end. Now we're doing the same with the universe, theorizing that it is expanding on a flat plain, that' it's shaped like a pringle etc. We really hate to think about infinity or cyclical objects when it comes to the unknowns of our universe and it's unfathomable distances and scales.

[@deltalima6703]

Yup, looks good. Horizons all over the place mark edges of the universe, both past the CMB and around each BH. We gain nothing by measuring how far away from one we are, though, since another observer would not share our arbitrary measurement system. 👍

[@deltalima6703]

Could not measure to either one anyways, since you cannot send someone to a BH event horizon or beyond the CMB to hold the other end of your tape measure.

[@coreyrachar9694]

I think personally I would prefer a universe with boundaries... It makes more sense in my brain hole. Also the idea that you could, in theory, map it all out is somewhat comforting. Like i'm the type of person who wants to be able to collect every piece of music, even if that's nowhere near a real possibility... I don't know why, heh.

[@am4teur]

I’ve always thought of a non-infinite topological universe as a paradox which only results in the conclusion of an infinite universe. If the universe is everything but also has a topology with a boundary that closes on itself, then surely the space outside of that shape is also the universe, which either has a shape and therefore has a space outside of itself or continues infinitely, but either way the term “the universe” must apply to all of it.

[@_Aarius_]

Before watching, the title reminds me of the Simpson's episode where Steven hawking tells homer his idea of a donut shaped universe is interesting... Will see if there's a connection in this vid!

[@djimiwreybigsby5263]

Bravo!!!! My mind is still unspooling😊