SOCIOLOGY - Émile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim was a French 19th century sociologist who focused on what modern capitalism does to our minds - and concluded that it might, quite literally, be driving us to an early grave.
Produced in collaboration with Mad Adam
www.MadAdamFilms.co.uk #TheSchoolOfLife

[@bbbbbbbbbb0]

'Excessive hope' really got me thinking about the current entrepreneur culture, and also how social media tricks young people into believing that if they are not a boss and millionnaire by 25 they have failed life.

[@brytanny11]

Yes!!! There is this idea that if you don’t have everything by 25 you failed. When in reality, society asks way more time of us than this. My husband and I are still reliant on family for financial means. My husband’s career is only about a third of the way done (medicine). This Places us in this weird situation where we want independence and feel we should already have it. But it’s literally impossible.

[@csmith1]

Who makes these claims?

[@Rorshacked]

Christopher Smith thats a good question. My intuition says it’s advertising that makes these claims. Like before this video, there’s the ad of “I made $20,000 sitting at home. Join my crew” and all that type of stuff. That’s my guess at least.

[@Chuby_ubesie]

I agree with u, but in some other parts of the world, people don't even have hope if rising at all.

[@bibbin03]

Thanks for the comment! U gave our group project an A by mentioning your theory

[@GrumpyOldMan9]

0:52 suicide explanation 2:00 Individualism 2:50 capitalism raises excessive hopes 3:50 too much freedom 5:10 atheism 6:00 weakening of nation and family

[@AldoHExse]

Thank you GrumpyOldMan

[@Colonies_Dev]

um, question, atheism, individualism, freedom, seems like pretty cool shit, cooler than the garbage we had before our modern capitalism, or something like the USSR

[@Colonies_Dev]

right?

[@revyaurliyaadistya205]

Thank you

[@arjunchalise2728]

structural functionalism

[@Tyrel95]

6 years ago: watching school of life as a student Today: still watching again but as a teacher. This channel contributed a lot into what I am today.

[@Rorshacked]

6 years ago, made a McLovin profile. Today, still McLovin life^

[@SevenFootPelican]

Thank you for teaching.

[@AbirWasNotHere]

Cool story bro

[@biakahmar9171]

5 years ago, i watch this and Max Weber for just the sake of gaining knowledge. Now i'm studying for my graduation exam.

[@maxkurant1470]

@@biakahmar9171 hope it went well! I’m studying some sociology for undergrad, plan to possibly look deeper into it later on in grad

[@holatio4028]

This man was so ahead of his time

[@pinkyakter4091]

Exactly

[@rishikapaul4740]

Ikr

[@princebuiswalelo]

no cap

[@Keldaj]

im not so sure he was ahead of his time, I think we just were born into times he already could see.....so I think we have it wrong with that saying, I think he was saying this at the right time......and nothing has been done, it's gotten worse, the prophecies of the philosophers about the coming age of technological bondage is coming, we see it man, quantum supremacy, all in the hands of the elite, all these shifts, the another industrial revolution is knocking on our door right now, and we are in it full swing, "working from home" is the start of the wave, companies seeing that it's feasible, tech is rapidly advancing.......it's happening now. uncontrollably.

[@mehrdadheydari7842]

He is a great candid for us democrats. I think his ideas are worth less

[@mms594]

I was just trying to review and now im depressed lol

[@jacksonmiller8174]

LMAO

[@mariamaria088mm]

L’histoire de la socio ...

[@marialauramuniz9180]

Me too

[@Nada-yf7uz]

Same brother!:(

[@keniam4908]

Sí soy AJAJSJAJSJAJAAJSASJASAJJA

[@Thank-u-so-much-for-everything]

“Each new generation is reared by its predecessor; the latter must therefore improve in order to improve its successor. The movement is circular.” - Émile Durkheim (00:00) “Reality seems valueless by comparison with the dreams of fevered imaginations; reality is therefore abandoned.” - Émile Durkheim (00:07) “Our whole social environment seems to us to be filled with forces which really exist only in our own minds.” - Émile Durkheim (00:14) “Science cannot describe individuals, but only types. If human societies cannot be classified, they must remain inaccessible to scientific description.” - Émile Durkheim (00:21) “Man is a moral being, only because he lives in society. Let all social life disappear and morality will disappear with it.” - Émile Durkheim (00:28) “A mind that questions everything, unless strong enough to bear the weight of its ignorance, risks questioning itself and being engulfed in doubt.” - Émile Durkheim (00:35) “When man discovered the mirror, he began to lose his soul.” - Émile Durkheim (00:42) “If religion has given birth to all that is essential in society, it is because the idea of society is the soul of religion.” - Émile Durkheim (00:49) “Man cannot become attached to higher aims and submit to a rule if he sees nothing above him to which he belongs. To free him from all social pressure is to abandon him to himself and demoralize him.” - Émile Durkheim (00:56) “Man is only a moral being because he lives in society, since morality consists in solidarity with the group, and varies according to that solidarity. Cause all social life to vanish, and moral life would vanish at the same time, having no object to cling to.” - Émile Durkheim (01:03) “Religious representations are collective representations which express collective realities.” - Émile Durkheim (01:10) “It is not human nature which can assign the variable limits necessary to our needs. They are thus unlimited so far as they depend on the individual alone. Irrespective of any external regulatory force, our capacity for feeling is in itself an insatiable and bottomless abyss.” - Émile Durkheim (01:17) “To pursue a goal which is by definition unattainable is to condemn oneself to a state of perpetual unhappiness.” - Émile Durkheim (01:24) “Socialism is not a science, a sociology in miniature: it is a cry of pain.” - Émile Durkheim (01:31) “When mores are sufficient, laws are unnecessary; when mores are insufficient, laws are unenforceable.” - Émile Durkheim (01:38) “A person is not merely a single subject distinguished from all the others. It is especially a being to which is attributed a relative autonomy in relation to the environment with which it is most immediately in contact.” - Émile Durkheim (01:45) “Man seeks to learn, and man kills himself because of the loss of cohesion in his religious society; he does not kill himself because of his learning. It is certainly not the learning he acquires that disorganizes religion; but the desire for knowledge wakens because religion becomes disorganized.” - Émile Durkheim (01:52) “Sadness does not inhere in things; it does not reach us from the world and through mere contemplation of the world. It is a product of our own thought. We create it out of whole cloth.” - Émile Durkheim (01:59) “At first sight, one does not see what relations there can be between religion and logic.” - Émile Durkheim (02:06) “One does not advance when one walks toward no goal, or - which is the same thing - when his goal is infinity.” - Émile Durkheim (02:13)

[@osaagyefosiaw1021]

Great 🎉❤❤

[@Bishop11111]

This guy narrates well - it really feels like Durkheim is sharing his thoughts with us.

[@sheilaandini10]

Totally agree. It also supported by the fascinating illustration

[@brianazeri]

the main idea of Durkheim is "social fact" (structural functional), he sees human action are based on what society demand on us and how capitalism and modernity change the way human interact (from mechanic to organic solidarity)

[@soniachauhan4459]

What an articulate and insightful video. It's like you know all this stuff deep down but you could never reach inside yourself and address it. And when you hear him say it out loud, it sounds like a bloody epiphany. Excellent work!

[@nicolesansone7828]

Has anyone pointed out that the photo in the thumbnail isn't a photo of Emile Durkheim but of French Novelist Emile Zola? Wrong Emile guys

[@z0uLess]

this video has a tendency towards over valuing capitalism as a big part of durkheims work. this is not how I read him at all. it is rather modernity (example: the transition between mechanical solidarity to organical solidarity) that creates something he called anomie (comparable to Hobbes state of natural conflict).

[@concernedcitizen1687]

I completely agree. This doesn´t give an accurate introduction to Durkheim. Neither the content nor the terminology is consentaneous.

[@JezielProdigalSon]

My understanding is that Durkheims contribution is mainly in terms of methodology and functionalism.

[@ashaankperiera165]

Agreed, while I have learnt something indeed, it sadly doesn't cover a large amount of gray areas regarding his work that i intended to clarify.

[@hijraulyha6429]

Well it did introduce durkheim tho.

[@rominadampuccio9456]

100% agree

[@ThePeaceableKingdom]

In the study of history one of the most profound things I've learned is deceptively simple, that culture moves in multiple streams simultaneously. That makes chasing cause and effect quite tricky. One could easily argue that fashion and pop music affected the '60s more than politics, philosophy or war. (I'm not sure that's correct; but it isn't a difficult argument to make...) So tying the immense upheaval of the industrial revolution and the transition from mercantile feudalism to modern capitalism is arguable as a concept, but a lot of other things were happening simultaneously, too. Durkheim mentions naive interpretations of religious ideas becoming less tenable. But changes in family structure may be as linked to changes in transportation technology as they are to changes in job opportunities. In the 18th century very, very few people ended up 50 miles away from where they were born; today very few will end up in the town of their birth or childhood. If one's parents are a 1000 miles away it's easier to ignore them than if they live next door. But the stuff about suicide does give one pause. (Or it should!) My favorite line from Marx (I'm not going to look up the exact quote) is along the lines that there is something rotten in the heart of an economic system that increases a nation's wealth without diminishing its misery. It is hard to argue against that! - even if, ultimately, your conclusions are far from the ones Marx arrived at...

[@madelainearevaloc]

Interesting

[@HOWITZER169]

Marx and Durkheim differed on many things, but at the heart of their differences lays the role of society in shaping life of the individual, in particular, the division of labour. While Durkheim concluded the collective conscience existing due to one's subscription to his society defined the division of labor, Marx argued it was due to class distinction. Their reactions to capitalism and changing life of man in the transitional society were different as well. Though they were both correct in many ways, it just goes to show two correct conclusions from the same context can be determined; further supporting your point. But what really is correct and incorrect in sociology? :)

[@mmendi1114]

The interesting and so close to reality quote you mentioned from Marx, reminded me of something interesting I came across a while back where it went along the lines that currently in the US, the nation's wealth is not being increased and there is no sense of productivity, only that the speed and acceleration of the civilians' income being put into the pocket of the few elites has increased. Currently, there is something extremely rotten in the flow of where the nation's already rotten wealth is going. Misery squared I suppose...

[@ThePeaceableKingdom]

@@mmendi1114 I haven't seen the stats that would support that, but anecdotally it does seem true, especially in terms of the housing market and rents, at least where I live. I see many of my young friends either giving well over half their income for rent or pushed out of the city altogether. While the person(s) collecting those rents are not the fellow citizen who bought a rental house but a real estate investment company or real estate investment trust's absentee owners...

[@ambrocius9868]

The guy in the thumbnail isnt Emile Durkheim, its Emile Zola, the novelist. Great video!

[@mosaicruby]

thank you for these videos! I really enjoy them and it always makes me have a new perspective on life, failures may make us ashamed but they’re the building blocks to help us start again and have a new perspective, please keep them coming! 🌻

[@unknownlearner9713]

There is a very beautiful poem in hindi ... It tells how even a bird in a cage knows that outside there are dangers awaiting it. Yet whenever given chance, the gate of cage opens it always flies away.... Freedom always triumphs

[@leahpatek4653]

oh snap. I feel an existential crisis coming along.

[@fe4000]

Leah Patek hahaha, good one! I'm on the other end: beginning to understand what maybe wrong with me or with the world I "belong" to after an existential collapse.

[@samguy7654]

Leah Patek I always get those once in a while.. iss aaye doe...

[@AJD...]

First time?

[@EuropeanQoheleth]

These things happen when you watch School Of Life videos.

[@user-jj4lc2jd8j]

>video about the emptiness of modern world >everyone starts flexing about being pitiful beings Holy shit. You guys are retarded

[@marshalsoult3860]

my exact mindset when i talk to athiest, i am a christian and even if you dont believe or hate on religion, it is important on giving people hope and a way to this world. having a purpose or something to appreciate everyday is the reason why religion is a blessing for society

[@maritamazanishvili1536]

Thank you for all the stuff, can't stop watching videos.. great job :)

[@khalidalali351]

+Marita Mazanishvili The moment I laid my eyes at your DP...I had this strange barrage of epiphany bombardment that you like Existentialism and watch French movies ! =)

[@dimatadros8774]

Marita Mazanishvil

[@arabiasunshine155]

Khalid AlAli شرايك تاكل زق وماتتميلح

[@rebeccanascimento8234]

So happy it got to a million subscribers! Being you guys fan for ages! Keep up the excellent work!

[@sobeastly619]

Very informative, makes me want to dive deeper into sociology! Durkheim certainly diagnosed the modern world's illnesses.

[@adyakoul7060]

The School of Life is the best thing that could have happened to KZbin. Thank you for spreading knowledge

[@timellins]

What an amazing page you guys have created. I was exactly thinking about starting to study by my self some sociology, psychology and philosophy. It will be fun and easy thanks to you!

[@rajeshchandrakuri5659]

Watching this clip, all i can say is: The degree of one's genius lies in his ability to see the unseen and think the unthinkable. This man was way ahead of his time perfectly describing the reason behind the agonies of 'The Modern Life'

[@GregJerrett]

you condense the essential information nicely. I read these in college and this is better than what I can remember

[@coreykuefler-terweeme7268]

Why didn’t I find this excellent explanation during my sociology class last semester in college? I did research and things but this is so well done. I like this channel.

[@GianlucaAiello]

I freaking love this channel, thank you so much for this enriching and stimulating entertaining.

[@danielmiller4279]

"The Elementary Forms of Religious Life" is one of my favorites.

[@michealnnachi4346]

Please explain the social functions of religion according to Durkheim

[@rp627]

I think the sociology videos are the most pertinent of all school of life videos. Please keep the focus here! And great work. :)

[@Odood19]

Durkheim is one of my favorite sociologists/philosophers

[@alp-arsalankargar6470]

I really appriciate all work that stands behind this marvelous video lectures.

[@cilmaralion4258]

I am becoming addicted to these videos! Fantastic job! Thank you

[@widebleek8138]

The School of Life is absolutely brilliant! I wish I learnt this at school! I have questioned myself and now it all makes sense. I’m internalising this amazing knowledge like a sponge! Keep up with the great work. Many thanks ❤️👍🤩

[@kristerrs]

The picture at 0:25 is the French naturalist Émile Zola, not Émile Durkheim.

[@theGuilherme36]

+Karl Marx really

[@kristerrs]

+Guilherme Resende What?

[@theGuilherme36]

+Karl Marx you are right. "really"

[@ktln6664]

Actually, I'm pretty sure he is left.

[@jonathanbolduc6502]

Actually, it's Hegel.

[@LucaCarraro]

This one out of the series is particularly interesting. Thank you!

[@ashrayamaria]

Thank you so much for this initiative. :) I can't say enough on how much it's helped me with college courses.

[@0ryGreg1]

Love this work! I'm a sociology major so it is very interesting to me. Thanks for the video.

[@girlfromthecenteroftheuniv6045]

I have an exam tomorrow and I'm trying to catch up on the classic sociologists, but don't want to spend too much time on it so these videos are perfect! Really grateful for your work here, thank you!

[@Deep_3_1_1]

Same!

[@simsamsameer]

How was the exam?

[@Deep_3_1_1]

@@simsamsameer mine went great!

[@snugglesandstruggles]

Are you not going to upload any other explanations of other scholars and academicians? This was so interesting and thoroughly revived a sense of connecting to my almost lost interest in political science. I really hope to see more of this by your team. Your videos really make the ideas flow and the use of language and vocab is a treat. Thankyou🌿🌟 I hope we can see more of your work on these topics soon~🌸

[@mateiiosipescu2122]

I have an exam in Political Sociology tomorrow and this is exactly what I need, thank you!

[@willyboundel8495]

One of the best KZbin channels. Thank you.

[@euengelion]

Thank you for all of your thoughtful work. They've helped me (and I would like to think lots of others as well) in my daily life. :)

[@TheBaharAzami]

well, I love love love love your videos, but I feel that Durkheim's argument is more complicated than this, it is more of a counter-intuitive argument when it comes to RELIGION and suicide. It’s not knowledge that produces suicide; rather, it is the loss of cohesion in a religious society that drives people to seek to learn and the same thing that leads some to commit suicide... He thinks Jews or Catholics are committing less suicide because they are practicing solidarity but eventually the disorganizations in religion lead to restlessness and suicide. So he suggests learning and roots for knowledge as the only way that one can survive by reconstructing conscience when the social instinct becomes blunted.

[@caronja70]

Indeed, these videos show a very one sided perspective of the actual theoretical discourse set by any sociologist/philosopher in the sense of ''self help'' method one can incorporate to understand the functions of society by claiming to know that root of all the actual problems is merely subsided in the asimetric position of the Dominated and the dominative. Emile Durkheim was a functionalist, who studied the integrity of modern society and it's historical subject in a sense, that he understood its main function to be an institutional and collective integration of the before mentioned subject into society, by means of education and family and normative values, which one must learn about and ''interiorize'' to be a productive member of the holistic society. I really don't see, how the ONLY mainly relevant things of his theory could be the studies about suicide and the way somebody maintained their integrity in the late 19th and early 20th century ''heavy'' modernity Still, i guess, most of these videos are as informative as they can get for an average person, who doesn't study sociology or philosophy

[@caronja70]

Most of these points about holistic structural functionalism are made in his work Education and Sociology

[@7uis7ara]

Your right dude, that was the first thing I thought halfway the video.

[@keirarichardson1544]

Incredibly well put.

[@greendog105]

still waiting for bourdieu on sociology series ;)

[@paulakdna]

And Giddens...and Simmel

[@Danskenism]

+Paula Cadena bump

[@tutursong]

I would like Strauss

[@AlenaNadia99]

yes

[@adamjably4603]

yes pierre bourdieu

[@Rex1987]

this is really interesting as a student of sociology - often Durkheim is given a short 30 min lecture and then its on with what many of my lecturers see as the "big" sociologist like marx, weber etc. i learned a good deal of new things about Durkheim thanks to this :)

[@bosbanon3452]

Rex1987 dan yang lain

[@Prezzix]

Strange, in my criminology lectures we had an entire hour on his perspectives. His writing is very insightful

[@raziyehvahdatian3556]

People in #Iran are risking their lives in the streets. They are tired of dictatorship and cruelty. Please be their voice. We thank you all for standing next to us. Thankyou for sharing our stories and talking about us. #mahsaamini #Oplran ‎ #مهسا_امینی

[@wolff4033]

globohomo detected, glory to the iran government, glory to allah and glory to persia

[@SelfishNeuron]

Can you also make a video on Durkheim and his theory on how we seek to band together in groups for comfort of our basic (evolutionary) human psychological needs of being in the protection of a group, and how this explains how we also seek to make outgroups to signal virtue to our own group?

[@biaocoelho]

Honestly, best video i've ever seen teaching/telling someone's story. Thank you very much, this video helped me a lot with my Sociology class :))

[@kimberley1235]

Hi :).... I am looking for help with my dream. Might you be bilingual? 🥰🥰

[@baleedukasibpt4234]

i used his theory for my methodoligical research scope social scient. thank you for your contribution prof.

[@Bortington]

Really do love your writing style, School of Life / Alain de Botton! Simple, concise, engaging.

[@lowlowlo1183]

Missus Bee Alain de Botton's books are marvelous, and unique. He probably qualifies as a philosopher himself. As entertaining as Monty Python sometimes. An incredible social critic and crank, but very kind. Try reading "The News". And of course, "How Proust Can Change Your Life."

[@benaaronmusic]

Very interesting. Thanks for the sociology lesson from Durkheim's point of view. I look forward to more School of Life!

[@diegopavezparra6212]

I just love this proyect, thanks!

[@radiationraven]

The way I read his work, it was more about the personal expectations being different from the realities and the gap between them determined a level of internal dread. Simultaneously, I read a paper pointing out that without exception, everyone that jumped off the Golden Gate Bridge was facing the city, not outward toward the ocean. He also touched a little on the gratitude aspect in religious structures and the restorative nature of such.

[@isabelacolen9762]

I like the clear way you speak. I'm not a native speaker, but I can easily understand what you say

[@nordicnostalgia8106]

I was really put back for a moment on reason 3. I thought it was crazy for me to think that too much freedom could make you unhappy. As a child, you weren't really free. Your parents did much of your choices and took you to places but you were still pretty darn happy, even with all those moments of unfairness. Restrictions can be a good thing.

[@mmendi1114]

I highly recommend watching the TED talk or the book of "The Paradox of Choice" by Barry Schwartz

[@Pirxel]

These videos are too awesome to have annotations in the corner the whole time, seriously, you guys don't need this. If a person is capable of capturing even a fraction of the value of this channel, they will subscribe no matter what.

[@Pirxel]

***** I know I know, I just wish I didn't have to deactivate it each time (and I always end up doing it, but it's still a bit annoying).

[@kurohikes5857]

I just discovered your channel (I am the Columbus of KZbin) and I must say, I find it most entertaining! Good stuff! I think a video about Paul Goodman would be swell.

[@thekingtube3483]

thank u I really get help from here its incredible ur way of teaching

[@jam4596]

Hey School of Life, thanks a lot for this video, I've been interested in Durkheim's ideas for a while now, so this was good introduction to them! By the way, could you guys do a video on Henri Bergson? I appreciate his views on art, yet I am interested to know more of his philosophy in general.

[@txhondaguy]

I like the part about religion. I used to be very religious as a kid but as I grew older I realized I'm agnostic. But recently I was approached by some people around my age, asking if I wanted to join their church. I don't believe everything they teach me but I like listening to what others believe. I'm open minded and I don't take the time to argue so I just nod or agree with what they say. I don't socialize much so it's nice to go to a place at least once a week where people are nice to me and I can socialize. I do wish I could find a group with my similar beliefs about the spiritual side of life and being happy about just being alive without worrying so much about relgion.

[@rebeccanascimento8234]

I feel just the same! And how many people in the world attend a church just for the sake of their needs of companionship and belonging. :/

[@yoco93cro]

go pagan

[@avairal5936]

dude if you r not planning on converting to their religion, stop wasting their time and yours. Go do something real that will up your value, then you will get friends and bitches automatically for real. Church people are nice to you for no reason because they eventually want you to convert, although they are nice in general, but and for that reason.

[@writinghealth]

+Rebecca Monroe Indeed. that connection with another human being is a worship in its own right.

[@writinghealth]

what you are doing is deeper than meets the eye.

[@shivpundit9960]

lots of thanks from sociology sudents of india

[@buketmanas3152]

This is the best video I have ever watch!. Thanks a lot

[@CrackThoseClaws]

Families are much more connected (through one's whole lifetime!) in Mediterranean societies, I assure you. People there are both capitalist, but still hold more collectivist traditional values when it comes to family. This has some pros and cons too, of course. Like it's not weird to stay in your parents' house after you've reached 25+ and they'll always be there to aid you financially, but they'll also get to have saying on how you raise your children and constantly berate you as well.

[@appleslover]

I agree, my father was financially independent by the age of 38, but after that he kept living near his relatives and now he's 48

[@roddycondon]

These videos are very well presented and concise, the appropriate duration without doing a disservice to the ideas discussed; great job! I have one rather pedantic correction: the audio introduces Durkheim as a philosopher, however, he self-identified primarily as a sociologist. The same is the case with the Max Weber video. It wouldn't bother me if I didn't feel that sociology as a discipline needs to be able to lay claim to such key figures of social thought. Apart from that, thanks for all the great material!

[@niamhbrunell]

These videos are always brilliant.

[@djtrendsetta5766]

DK Publishing's "The Sociology Book" brought me here. I'm currently in my 21st year of study at Dorling Kindersley University.

[@scottkraft1062]

Thanks just ordered one of his books.

[@AnarelaSilvera]

Your videos are only getting better. Congratulations!

[@ZackGomez198035]

I love this channel as well. Very informative.

[@juitaayunda4079]

Please make more videos aboaut sociology. As a sociology studentt, i'm very helped and enjoyed your videos

[@pimdubidu3559]

Hello from the Durkheim's country, love your videos ED showed more than that you can make several videos about it, think about that ! i send you a lot of love bye

[@jessican.4408]

Durkheim is my favorite of any sociologists I've studied.

[@jessicavanlandingham9039]

This is so good. Grateful to find such a bright inquisitive Thinker in Durkeim

[@insiderealitywithmuhammadm6472]

certainly I vigorously agree with you.It evokes me a sense of serenity and solace as well

[@hakim_alrooh]

Very very good presentation . Thank you.

[@kautukraj]

Grateful, as always.

[@akingsearch]

This man is a high initiate and part of The Family Of Light. Master Teachings.

[@Siddhartha040107]

Man this channel is so good.

[@TheAssez]

*Thank you.* 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐

[@TheManifoldCuriosity]

Through your content I've become acquainted with quite a few counter-capitalist thinkers. I love how constructively and gently you communicate their ideas. It's plain to me now that there are plentiful critiques of capitalism before you get to someone like Marx; your videos do a fine job of getting across that the system can be improved, one step at a time instead of with some great overhaul. Addressing the culture of individualism would be a good thing. As for religion and nationalism... a nouveau Cult of the Supreme Being, anyone?

[@merlinmediagroup]

***** I'm a critic of free market capitalism but I am no communist or socialist. I hold socialist views but I dislike the aforementioned political ideologies because they too quickly become secular religions. My problem is with mindless consumerism and such huge financial iniquity.

[@billysavoie634]

***** That's a nice text you've written here. I however think capitalism will always give more power to particular groups of people which can use it to maintain their social position. You can not control capitalism, because it is based on people getting rich on other people's back. I've got two questions for you: 1. Do you think capitalism can be controlled and possibly lead to a free and equal society? 2. What do you think of Anarcho-communism? :)

[@Syncopator]

GnarlyBroMr I suppose you don't have any trouble with the idea that many capitalist businesses have now essentially farmed out their labor markets to that same communist China, forcing American workers to have to compete with rock-bottom-wage workers that are being subsidized by the Chinese government?

[@Syncopator]

By essentially, supporting communism to do so. Seems rather hypocritical to me, if you're really opposed to communism and not just a selfish jerk.

[@dionisiosmarinos2344]

+21stCenturyExaminedLife Consumerism is a natural outcome of capitalism. When a society depends on free enterprise to bring goods and services to the market and to provide employment for the members of such society, it needs to focus on profits. In a free enterprise system, profits can only arise if there are sales and sales require consumers to consume. Not only to consume those things which are needed, but also to consume things that are desired or wanted, this produces more profits and more jobs for the society at large. Marketing is the natural outcome of free enterprise and competition, I need to advertise and market my services better than my competitors that way I can get the sale and maintain profits and pay my employees. The more clever my marketing is, the more you will want to buy what I have to sell even though you may not need it; it is logical that I will produce marketing that will psychologically affect your desires and emotions to influence you to buy what I am selling, even if you do not need it. On the other hand, of the equation, employees work harder to make money, to buy those material things they want. If everyone does not want material things, they would not be willing to exchange their time for money (or maybe only do so at a minimum level) and therefore, without a sufficient labor supply, I will not be able to produce a profit and I will go out of business and provide no jobs and those employees that wanted to work (even a little bit) will not have any money to even purchase those things that they actually need; this will eventually have a snowball effect. Consumption is the engine of a capitalist economic society and therefore, consumerism is its byproduct. Therefore, a reduction in consumption or investment will cause an economic decline or depression, the only way to prevent this economic decline is through government spending and this is where socialism enters the picture. When there is more socialism, less consumerism is required for the economy to function. The key is to find the optimal solution, which may vary based on culture and this is the reason why we have mixed economies. Also, it is much easier for someone who is not materialistic to live a simple life in a society based on consumerism rather than in society based on socialism because, like Durkheim so poignantly stated, a capitalistic society has more individual choice and freedom but it can cause more poverty and economic calamity, if it is unfettered.

[@zeholandajunior]

thanks for captions,cc.

[@saquibmohammad2860]

I would love to see the man who comments in these videos. He has such a calm and wonderful voice.

[@RedWulfProductionz]

These videos are great guys never stop

[@ChrisPollitt]

Well done! My advice: find your tribe (people you can relate to, that share an interest you have.) Religion is not the only game in town when it comes to genuine community.

[@lotusleo1]

Nice counter argument 👍

[@christofeles63]

That's what my grandparents did, rejecting their parent's Lutheranism to embrace National Socialism. What did Campbell call it--following your 'bliss?'

[@deathwarmedup73]

"My advice: find your tribe " 6 years on and i'm afraid your advice looks increasingly unnecessary with each passing week

[@miguelatkinson]

​@@christofeles63you are aware that doesn't encapsulate all people including that they where Christians who where apart of the nazis right including most nazis identified as Christians so this little rebuttal doesn't really work

[@christofeles63]

@@miguelatkinson Oh, I thought my anecdotal remark about my German Grandparents referred to every human being on earth. Thank you for the correcting my confusion!

[@r.l8353]

amazing video, it really has me thinking alot now.

[@saraelizabethcasillaslopez8024]

Me encantan tus videos son muy prácticos thank u very much ♥️

[@omorkhan3437]

he was a genius!!!he was ahead of time.everything he mentioned is so true!

[@spaceboyafrica943]

Well put together, good job guys

[@CHVendel]

What's Émile Zola doing on the cover picture? :D Great video anyway.

[@tobymdev]

LOL nice spot

[@chromerabbit]

Many thanks and congratulations to the team that make these videos. Have you considered dealing with Luhmann in the future? His so called 'fourth insult' of his sociology is one of the more exciting things to happen in and beyond the discipline. All the best.

[@bjornrie]

Good comment! Thanks. Yes, Luhmann please(and Bourdieu, too). I love Luhmann. Such a genius...

[@dieguis86]

Helpful! Understandable! Practical! Thank you.. keep up this amazing work :)

[@ITalkToPixels]

You said it! "we are all Durkheim's hiers" Father of sociology, Daddy Durkheim

[@LOSCOSMOS]

Please never stop making videos.

[@RomajaneAbrenio]

Thank you. I learned a lot from this! ☺

[@thepatient89]

hmmm. Glad people are calling out the misinformation. This is not a good representation of anomie, Durkheim, or his book Suicide.

[@Bombtrack411]

Yes! I've been hoping you guys would do a Durkheim video. Are you guys planning on doing a William James one?

[@Bombtrack411]

***** Nice! Thanks for the reply.

[@noticias6111]

"Few choices are involved..a person be a..without having made any self-conscious desicion for themselves"-- `_` VERY interesting line..and also a neat way of sayimg how even if you luve in an individualist society that doesn't mean you'll be the best desicion-maker.

[@dbernat]

I don't want to be a bore, but I believe that the portrait in the thumbnail, the one that appears at 0:24 in the video, isn't actually Durkheim, but another Émile, Émile Zola, the creator of naturalism, a french literary school.

[@ricardoespinoza5821]

Hi, I really enjoy your videos, but English being my second language it is quite difficult for me to understand certain words, for people like me, I would like you to consider maybe putting the script in the description box or any solution you may consider. Thanks for your videos.

[@Jan96106]

Ricardo E Ricado, youtube has a CC box, which stands for closed caption. If you click on that the words will appear as text underneath the pictures. I admit sometimes it doesn't work very wel, and mixes up the words, so they don't make sense. But sometimes it works fine. It has trouble with people's accents. For example, it can't understand when de Botton says Durkheim and miss-translates it, or maybe because that name is not a part of its dictionary. .

[@paulharris3000]

7:40... Anyone who thinks very independently is forced to learn one harsh lesson from those susceptible to group think: If it all works out,they always knew it,and if it doesn't work out...they always knew it! Conformists always have a very low pain threshold for disappointment because they do not live life as an experiment,but as an attempt to capture happiness in stasis...

[@thejackasso1354]

fantastic, with italian subtitles will be fantastico!

[@aysen4915]

hastasıyız şu çevirili bilgilendirici videoların.