Solar Module Manufacturing

How does a solar cell work and how to produce a solar module - from sand to final module technology.
- A short story about photovoltaics....

[@mubafaw]

One of the most comprehensive videos on solar cell manufacturing out there

[@patrick_gerard_zec_de_almeida]

This is one of the best how it's made videos out there. Thank you for uploading.

[@jarlanaudic6493]

These are very easy well delivered presentation that should be delivered to the consumer. Nothing more nothing less at this point.

[@pauldatche8410]

Absolutely lovely video on the solar panels production process, thank you!

[@ashrafchowdhury2479]

A good narrator,and speech clearly conveyed,Thanks

[@DJSoCA]

Thank you for this knowledge. These great minds are amazing.

[@sandeshd8065]

One of the best video explained the solar cell manufacturing.

[@Adams7768]

Very informative, thank you very much!

[@shantelleadeline6053]

With plans from Avasva you can make it really easy.

[@ricardosanchez1638]

Do they include plans on how to make solar cells? As well as who to contact. I just looked at their web site and their product seems a bit illusive. Thank you

[@mcneeseremalf28]

Good plans!

[@pradeepkmr73]

👏👏 Well and simply explained. 👍 Thank you for the video.

[@myvehicle5602]

curiosity was left me. thank you sir!

[@arifs.tiammar4857]

The best explaination in the world ever.

[@senseiduck6993]

Thanks man. This really helped in my school research.

[@yuvarajbadiger700]

Very detailed and good information!! Thanks for making such videos

[@gerardozambon2690]

A good video, without doubts..but only one thing, you missed the part, where cells are treated with silicon nitride in orther to enhance performance and reduce reflectivity of the modules. At least I couldn't see that part. Thanks for the video. Good wishes and happy new year.Greetings, Gerard.

[@gerardozambon2690]

Precisely, that gives it, its characteristic blue colour.Thanks.

[@coleschultz1912]

good speech on how solar panels are made!

[@rashmiranjannayak3251]

Nice presentation and explanation. thank you.

[@derricktebusweke6264]

Very informative and easy to understand. Thank you so much.

[@hartejsingh4317]

Thanks sir, Today I have clear my all daout to related Solar pannel.

[@nextlevelcomputing]

Thanks. Detailed and informative.

[@sondealabi9074]

Very informative and educative video clip.. Thanks

[@chamaradassanayake6310]

WOW!!! Very Nice Explanation!

[@amarnathdas1618]

Thanks, It is so helpful....

[@rajkamalweerasingam3022]

Informative video sir.. thank you 🙏

[@ceciliabenjamin667]

Thank you for the great knowledge

[@mwewaoneness1948]

Awesome !!!

[@Ericrueland007]

THANKS!

[@sachinsaini3207]

Thanks for easy explaining about complete process it is very helpfull.

[@satyachaitanya1475]

Thanks sir for your great explanation

[@varunsaini4856]

Best explanation on solar energy

[@truesaltyking]

best video of the day

[@Rakeshkumar-yn6sd]

thank you sir...i learned more from you

[@Equismaximus]

Then you have learned nothing.

[@sgupta301]

Very very informative. Amazing

[@muthukumaranaariyaratne7209]

Good explained . I had learned well.

[@denilsonbarbosa9067]

congratulation, the best explanation I'd wached.

[@Quiwi707]

Keep cool, great ok but no real pictures of factories step by step. Of course bettet than nothing

[@nationalparty1932]

excellent presentation..

[@user-hg3wm5bx4d]

Nice very superior. ....

[@davidjackson5318]

Loved it

[@behighad1746]

Thank you for very useful information

[@johnaugsburger6192]

Great video, thanks.

[@rammohanty6070]

very best explain.thanks to u.

[@NK-pv9no]

Nice video bro

[@syedmansoorshah]

Excellent

[@manoharnathe8699]

good solar informasion

[@TWN-nw4jd]

tune at the start is banging

[@abinashsparrow6259]

Noor bro fan ✨✨✨

[@velannageshwaran]

very use full video

[@carstencroessmann]

The music is GREAT

[@rajeshkuriakose8330]

thank you sir.

[@raffik55]

Extremely informative video. The whole process is much simpler than what i thought. It would be nice to make a video about how much on average the construction of such plant costs and since you mentioned Silicon is so abundant, does that mean you can build it almost in any country in the world?

[@klaxoncow]

Silicon is the second most abundant element on planet Earth (oxygen, by the way, is the most abundant). And silicon makes up around 27.7% of the Earth's Crust. This is basically why we have sandy beaches. Because the rocks are, as mentioned, around 27.7% silicon (on average - some rock types more and some rock types less) and then the sea water - tides rolling in and out, and crashing waves against the coastal rocks, etc. - are gradually eroding those rocks away. (Think about rounded pebbles on the beach. They used to be perfectly rocky and irregular in shape, but the water has been eroding them and rounding them off over time, until we get perfectly smooth and rounded pebbles.) The tiny particles of rock are then washed towards shore by the tides. And so we get sandy beaches - which are actually a mixture of things, but as there's a lot of silicon in the rocks that make up the Earth's Crust, then there's also a lot of silicon in that sand, because it's just those rocks all crushed up and eroded, into almost a powder - washing up to the shore and deposited there. So, yeah, there's an abundance of silicon everywhere. Second most abundant element on the planet. Of course, there are places where it's way easier to obtain than others - there are silicon mines, where it can be dug up and processed easily - so how economic it is to do it in one country versus another does vary... ...but to directly answer the question you asked, yes, you could technically extract and process silicon anywhere on planet Earth. Basically, it's just rocks.

[@robertoguerra5375]

@@klaxoncow but it requires lots of energy, compared to how much it yields. You can hear it in the video: a solar plant can produce the energy it needs to manufacture itself again in 2 years… probably if we choose low quality raw materials, it would take even more energy to purify and distill

[@ismailhakki1826]

Nice video

[@braddill7111]

Cool

[@johnaugsburger6192]

Thanks

[@Monitor2023]

Thank you very much , Dr Eric. I start to be very interested in this free energy for the world. Danke Does Germany have any PV cells producing factories ?

[@Equismaximus]

Free energy. You sir have no idea of what you speak. Nothing is free in the energy world except perhaps stored water.

[@Equismaximus]

@@user-nu1vn3yy9s what do you do with the waste for the next 250,000 years? Remember Chernobyl and Fukushima? Don't talk such nonsense and besides remember the conservation of energy law.

[@mottthehoople693]

im guessing there are 37 coal powered dinosaurs who didnt like this

[@douglasharbert3340]

You can't make pure silicon from sand without using coal or similar form of carbon for smelting...

[@wisnuargo6095]

nice thankyou

[@premkhadka1516]

nicely

[@OO_727]

Thanx

[@diliprathkaduwa9692]

Thanks for load

[@johnwbroseley]

what are the unwanted substances that are removed in the cooling process?

[@Anil-zw3nr]

good

[@bumacarine1280]

exccelent video i must admit. thnk uu

[@klintbeezewood4450]

Great, clear and informative! I must ask - what is the track at 8:30??

[@Ericrueland007]

I am sorry - no clue about the track after such a long time.

[@dimansionstone]

Great efforts towards clean energy production and being a Geologist I am adding that we have all the basic raw material used for the manufacturing of solar panel so is it possible to install a solar panel manufacturing unit here.....?

[@Ericrueland007]

Definitely - no problem. Regarding profitability a silicon fab makes most sense at regions with low-cost and high availability of electricity (often huge water power areas are choosen). For solar cell and solar module manufacturing no very specific ressource is needed.

[@robertoguerra5375]

@@Ericrueland007 are there any materials that could be at risk of not being available, due to wars or trade sanctions?

[@Ericrueland007]

@@robertoguerra5375 silver is needed for the contacts in solar cells (front and backside). At the moment already app. 30% of silver is used of solar industry. With a tripling of manufacturing capacity it will be a limiting factor. But it is very likely, that alternative contacting methods using alternative metals (Ni, Cu) will be introduced into the industry.

[@Films-Francophone.A-Z]

Dr Eric thank you for uploading this wonderful video. I'm entrepreneur I west Africa specifically in Togo, I want to create one of this solar system manufacturing plant please tell me about it.

[@Ericrueland007]

you can start with a module manufacturing as the invest is not as high and you can do a lot with manual work.

[@abboudkarim]

I`d like to strart with a waay smaller factory. Is it possible?

[@saineshramsundar624]

I am interested in setting up a factory in South Africa, can you advise?

[@flavypinto7168]

I made my own solar cell same as munufatured in your industry

[@TNJ55]

I am asking you a trivial question related to the soldering of copper wires on the surface of photovoltaic cells for small applications. the bonding surface has exfoliated and I can no longer restore the electrical connection between the photoelectric cell and the device itself. what do you advise me to do to continue using the photoelectric cell? Regards

[@babylongate]

where does the electrons come from from the boron layer ?

[@fast_and_curious9144]

Get your Chemistry Class First Boy

[@Rohit2235]

sir how electrons are formed

[@khalidaldeghaither5246]

how much a plant like this cost

[@thesoul369]

Can glass worst can be used instead of sand???

[@mountainconstructions]

Tell me more about this sand you use?

[@Ericrueland007]

It is quartz sand - not very special.

[@Anas-oo4ze]

Sir thanks.please come in Pakistan and build a fectory same like 🕊️🕊️.

[@professorengineermuhammads5556]

Can a factory like this be installed in my hometown Larkana Pakistan? Where sky remains mostly clear and people are very industrious. Only hurdle is the high cost of imported solar panels. The cost can be reduced if it's made right from the scratch at same place from the extraction of solar grade Silicon to the end product. Manpower is available aware of the mechanism. I am a 77 years old retired university professor and has been teaching Energy Conversion and Alternative Renewable Sources, nearly entire my life. I have also the honour to remain on the exchequer of Central Government in its Planning Commission.

[@Ericrueland007]

Good Luck for the plan to start such a projecct in Pakistan! Starting with module production ist an easy step - solar cells, wafers and silicon can follow.

[@ShortSkillsUS]

Sir how I contact with you

[@ShortSkillsUS]

.

[@martinhodge394]

Can enough power be produced by solar panels to power the plant that makes the panels? And what would happen to the plant on a rainy day?

[@Ericrueland007]

yes, of course. We have already solar installations with more than 2,4 GW of rated power. During bad weather conditions you need energy storage. That could be solar hydrogen or battery power (maybe TESLA batteries as a second life).

[@Gouravsharmaaa]

how can i contact them

[@mohdshadab2581]

sir i want start this bussines in india. can you advise me

[@prmd22]

How you help to make solar cell in india

[@LucknowEventFriends]

Costs of production facility ?

[@illbiskits]

So when you place the silica sand with the sources of carbon, I noticed that one of the sources were coke. What is coke?

[@devsabuj4818]

I want to manufacture solar cell in India. Could u tell me the total cost of machinaries & area surface......& Man power plz

[@sanomakanwal3085]

Informative video indeed! But actually I have been given a project in which i have to make a solar cell. But i think it's not possible for a student because resources are not available. While many DIY solar cells are there on KZbin. But i don't how much efficient they would be.... #Dr. Aric can u help me in this regard? Kindly give me a suggestion that DIY solar cells which can be made at home, would be effective as my bachelor's project or not? Thanking you.

[@Ericrueland007]

Actually I do not recommend to produce a silicon solar cell as DIY project. You need chemical processing equipment and high T processes, which are not able to run DIY. Other low-efficiency concepts (like a dye sensiticed solar cell) are possible: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z2i2pIKBerNomqc - but don't expect efficiencies > 5%.

[@sanomakanwal3085]

@@Ericrueland007lot of thanks for your precious suggestion! you are right but actually the difficulty is that i have to use it in a circuit like on a breadboard i have to attach it and then to show that I can use my solar cell in a circuit as a voltage source and circuit is giving it's respective output so perfectly. And That's too much difficult with a DIY solar cell i think.

[@tylerdurdin8069]

I want a solar factory! Hook me up!

[@alphaenergytraders2025]

does the raw material easy to find to import? Thank you

[@Ericrueland007]

All materials needed are easy to purchase. Only running a profitable business is tough, as most Asian manufacturers have excellent COGS (cost of goods sold or manufacturing costs) and worldwide sales channels. Making solar electricity at the moment most competitive.

[@DineshGupta-ts5pi]

@@Ericrueland007 sir what is liquifide junks and?

[@mehgawanna]

What will be the Cost to start a Solar panel Factory?

[@Ericrueland007]

The solar panel manufacturing is connected with the lowest invest needed. For a capacity of 100MW per year the invest for a solar module fab (you have to purchase the glass, laminate and solar cells) might be in the range of 15 Mio US $. on greenfield. But invest in solarmodule plants is just around 0,5 US$ per Watt installed. Giving a electricity cost of app. 0,05 US$ in sunny regions.

[@jydppatel23]

I would like to set up a solar plant in India. It would be good if I could get your help

[@jydppatel23]

My email id jydppat23@gmail. com

[@bruganallasubhan3342]

Which solar cells are bettet whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline for solar pv plant

[@bhanupratapsinghrathore7039]

Bruganalla Subhan polycrystalline is better coz of more wattage per square meter but are costly.

[@waynebrehaut7183]

@@bhanupratapsinghrathore7039 I'm afraid you have that backward: monocrystalline have an efficiency of about 22% whereas polycrystalline are about 16%. And monocrystalline are more expensive to produce.

[@OliveMule]

Dude this video is way too intense. Why did u choose that introduction song?

[@Ericrueland007]

you might be right. But we wanted it "loud"...

[@zohaibkhan5069]

I want to make solar manufacturing factory.

[@loganhenry7855]

Can I have that Dr contact information any if such a secure way?

[@winstongrundy7289]

R u guys looking at using all light colours to create a solar cell that can convert into electricity all the sunlight

[@Ericrueland007]

Standard silicon technology is already using 20 - 25% of the solar power. The efficiency went up as well as the energy needed to produce went down: already < 12 months is the energy pay-back time of an actuel solar module.

[@aminbe3079]

but where do the electrons come from ? i previously thought they come from the sun !!

[@Ericrueland007]

Hi Amin - no, the electrons are inside the silicon. The sun (photons) carry energy, this energy is catched by the photons. Now the high-energy photons can "produce" the electricity... and are transported as currency through the cables of the solar module.

[@agumonkey]

where are you based ? are you international yet ? nice video btw

[@sikawalahamwela5343]

Am interested in A full Integrated Solar Fabrication as a business where can i start from engaging with GP Solar Solmic been trying to find website but it keeps taking to other sites

[@Ericrueland007]

You can contact the equipment manufacturer in Europe or Asia, but the industry reached a level of maturity, where starting from zero is very tough to reach comparable manufacturing costs. The price for solar modules are at a level of 0,2 - 0,35 Euro / Watt. Producing 1 - 2 kWh/year reaching full levelized cost of energy of 0,02 - 0,08Euro/kWh - 100% competitive to all other sources of energy.

[@aamir1360]

What is difference between P type and n type modules

[@Ericrueland007]

It is the different cell technology used. Standard (traditional) solar cells are p-type. Using Boron for initial doping of the silicon - making the silicon wafer p-type (or with a majority of holes not electrons for conductivity). The phosphor is used to make the p/n-junction or diode in a standard cell. For n-type it is the opposite: the silicon wafer material is doped with phosphor and the layer is made of Boron doping. At the end: n-type is a bit more complicate to manufacture, but gives higher efficiencies. Therefore it seems to be the near future...

[@aamir1360]

@@Ericrueland007 Thanks for your reply. I did a lots of study on it. Following are the advantage of using N-type over P-type cell. 1. LID losses will be 0.6% inplace of 2.2% . 2.Temperature derating losses are very low in N-type as compared to P-type cell. These results are based on final yield analysis report from PVsyst modelling software using Third party verified .Pan files.

[@faramund9865]

8 years ago: “We won’t run out of it”. Now: Yeah we’re running out of it. People are always too optimistic with these things. Sure there’s a lot of silicon in the earths crust, but how much of it can WE access. They love selling things this way.

[@Ericrueland007]

solar electricity has reached a cost level of below 0,03 US$ per Kilowatt hour in sunny regions. Therefore it is the lowest cost source for electricity globally. Every year more than 150 GW (or app. 150 power plants) are produced and installed. This is reality.

[@faramund9865]

@@Ericrueland007 Lowest cost locally*. You can't say it's x price in sunny regions and then say it is the lowest cost globally. Don't forget the part where solar isn't actually renewable and they bury the panels in the sand because their efficiency becomes worse and worse until they are simply unusable or break before that. I'm assuming you're assuming the efficiency of a new panel, which is never going to last for very long.

[@robertoguerra5375]

@@faramund9865 a car needs increasing maintenance to the point of not being worth the ongoing expense at 15 years or so.

[@ielshmaa]

Dr Eric,how could i contact you?

[@Ericrueland007]

sorry, I am seldom on the comments of youtube. Yes, please: [e-mail] - if you are still interested.

[@joseaguilarjr660]

🤓

[@yesnomaybe1220]

they only show where the silicon goes and not the carbon, it also appears that you need an equal volume of coal sorry carbon to complete the process......hmmm. How green is this?

[@Ericrueland007]

Well, it is correct. The production of solar cells and modules produce CO2 emmission. A scientific calculation shows: app. 50g of CO2 per kWh electricity. But coal produces 1.075 g of CO2 per kWh - that means a reduction by a factor of 20! source: www.ise.fraunhofer.de

[@boogerking7411]

3:35 dude that's carbon monoxide! Now you know where CO comes from

[@myvehicle5602]

and how CO2 not coming..

[@Ericrueland007]

CO and CO2 are the products of this process. Nevertheless the solar electricity produced with the solar modules made are able to prevent CO2 emission of the total production by a factor of >30 times

[@richardjohnson884]

If that really bothers you tell the government to make them flare it off. All you'd have to do is have a flame at the vent and then it would oxidize to CO2. However... does anyone care? not really. the generated CO would probably oxidize naturally eventually anyways as it is not as stable as co2.

[@waynebrehaut7183]

@@richardjohnson884 Yes--anyone who likes chemical reactions to be described accurately cares. This is a scientific explanation so accuracy is important. The chemical equation accompanying the description clearly shows CO being produced, not CO2. If some CO2 is also produced that should be explained and a separate chemical equation shown.

[@touchtoomuch1000]

@@Ericrueland007 but what about when they are no longer functioning? Are they recycled?