Atropine (Part 02) = Industrial Production (Isolation Method), Estimation and Utilization (Part 08)

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ATROPINE
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid from the members of the Solanaceae family. It is present in Atropa belladona (Deadly Night shade), Datura stramonium (Thorn apple), and Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane), Other important solanaceous alkaloids are hyoscyamine, hyoscine (scopolamine), apoatropine, belladonine and norhyoscyamine. Atropine is an optically inactive laevorotatory isomer of hyoscyamine.
The crude atropine is purified by crystallization from acetone. Atropine sulphate is the most important salt of atropine. It occurs in the form of colourless crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and alcohol but insoluble in ether and chloroform. Melting point: 115-116°C
Identification
Dilute solution of atropine, when treated with concentrated nitric acid and the mixture evaporated to dryness on the steam bath, produces a pale yellow residue. The residue gives a violet colouration when a drop of freshly prepared solution of potassium hydroxide is added. This is known as Vitali-Marin reaction.
Isolation
1. Atropine is isolated from the juice or the powdered drug. Hyoscyamus muticus is the preferred source for the manufacture of atropine because of its high alkaloidal content, with D. stramonium next in order.
2. The powdered drug material is thoroughly moistened with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and then extracted with ether or benzene.
3. The alkaloidal free bases are extracted from the solvent with water acidified with acetic acid. The acid solution is then shaken with solvent ether to remove coloring matter.
4. The alkaloids are precipitated with sodium carbonate, filtered off, washed, and dried. The dried mass is dissolved in solvent ether or acetone and dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate before filtration.
5. The filtrate after concentration and cooling yields crude crystals of hyoscyamine and atropine from the solution. The crude crystalline mass is separated from the solution.
6. The crude crystalline mass obtained after filtration is dissolved in alcohol, and sodium hydroxide solution is added and the mixture is allowed to stand until hyoscyamine is completely racemized to atropine which is indicated by the absence of optical activity.
Estimation
Method 01
Add alcohol in atropine sulphate and evaporate the alcohol. Dissolve the residue again in alcohol and add calculated quantity of 0.1N HCl in this alcohol and titrate excess of this acid with 0.1N NaOH using methyl red as indicator. Each ml of 0.1 N HCl is equivalent to 0.3384 gm of atropine sulphate.
Method 02
Atropine sulphate (around 0.1 gm) was weighed and dissolved in glacial acetic acid (50 ml). Titrate this solution with 0.1N per chloric acid and determine end point by potentiometrically. Make the necessary correction by performing the blank determination.
Factor 1 ml of 0.1N HClO4 ≡ 0.0670 gm of atropine sulphate.
Utilisation:
Atropine sulphate acts as anticholinergic drug. It is used in surgery as antisialogogue to reduce nasal, salivary, bronchial and pharyngeal secretion. It is dispensed through intra muscularly injection before the anesthesia. Atropine is used as an antidote for the poisoning of organophosphate insecticide and physostigmine. It also shows mydriatic and anti spasmodic property. In ophthalmology it is also used to measure the refractive error.
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[@haroonrasheed4708]

Thank you so much mam jii

[@vikramkumar-bg2tm]

Thanku mam.👍

[@lokeshhr8596]

Mam in exm if we write 1 method is OK ha? Plz rply

[@solutionpharmacy]

Yes

[@dr.chandrakantmagdum1735]

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