Solvent Effects on Sn1 and Sn2 Reactions

[@momikoi]

fourteen minutes summed up my hour lecture. You're amazing.

[@yousrakhaldi8121]

It's amazing how you explain things without having to confuse us. Thank you very much Khan!

[@deeema10]

You keep on saving my life! Thank you endlessly

[@uzmashah7204]

this video really helped me learn how to decide when SN1 or SN2 would be the right process. thanks, sal!

[@bmapruzzese]

I've been watching all of your Orgo videos and I love them so much. They help me understand so much better. My teacher makes everything so much more confusing than it should be. Thank you!

[@basantologist]

DUDE !!! Thank you SO MUCH !!

[@asifzawad5158]

Heros can save u with chalks and boads too! Thank u Sal.You're one of the bests! Love from Bangladesh ❤

[@Palmar3s]

The way you were explaining and the wording was just godlike. God bless you. I plan to be an orthopedic surgeon, so if you have any trouble with your musculoskeletal system lemme know I'll help you for free!!! I'm feeling like a neutron already, No charge! lol nah but seriously you have helped me and many others so you truly deserve anything you want from all this hard work that you've put in, and to do it for free. god bless.

[@Uzair-cw5hc]

soooo...did you become an orthopedic surgeon?

[@atmt525]

I have the same question. Did you?

[@reneevonstankface]

I wish you taught my actual orgo II class. You could replace half the chemistry department at my school and save a lot of pharmacy majors their sanity.

[@shadowcatie1]

thank you so much! i was doing a hw problem with a question about why polar solvents are good for sn1 racemization, and the solutions made no sense at all. after watching this video, i suddenly understood so much more and everything clicked!

[@christlexmeth]

dude, you are the most amazing lecturer on this planet.. you're saving my life here.. THANK YOU!! :]

[@islanders227]

you are the man!!!! i wanna tell my professor to watch your video and take notes on how to teach. You are a chemistry ninja. thank you so much

[@s2dreaming]

"This guy is..." "I'm a nucleophile so I want to give this to him" LOL gotta love the personifications..

[@athleticasian1]

Where has this guy been all my life???

[@davionsterling8784]

Great video, I actually advanced the organic chemistry course, and I learnt these things but for most of it, I didn't get the deep reason why these things happen. Now I see organic chemistry as a fun puzzle to do.

[@nopparats127]

Thank you so much 14 minutes understanding more than 1 hr of reading reading a book.

[@litojonny]

idk if he is writing with some pen or mouse cursor but it is very neat!

[@curtpiazza1688]

I learned so much in less than 15 min.! Thank you so much! 😊

[@FaresMejdi]

i'm from tunisia i study these "things" lol in french but yo really make it easy!!! bless you ! you are a great help! keep the good work up , merci bien

[@drexler4340]

Thank you so much, great work!

[@rsp1239]

HOLY LIFE SAVER OMGGGGGGG. if only all profs were like you

[@melissanortcliffe1939]

I need to buy you a drink

[@njorogekimani7452]

I agree, a life saving mechanism is going on right now

[@LONDHE93]

+Melissa Nortcliffe yeah get him some of that CH3CH2OH (EtOH), but if not i'm sure H20 will go down nicely.

[@astudent8885]

You can. I think they're accepting donations rn.

[@Kedo93]

Very succinct and elegantly phrased, great job!

[@S3lvah]

This was very clear and helpful, thanks!

[@GOOBLE07]

Thank you for not confusing us Khan and using "nucleuses"

[@Pandarika1]

You are the best Lecturer ever, You are saving my life right now!! =D

[@ahaanbhosale5270]

A good way to watch this great video is on 1.5X speed

[@toomuchcandor3293]

+Ahaan Bhosale K.

[@ShahinAhmed-tl7tw]

Helped me a lot Thank you Respect

[@meghandeblanc]

Dear Khan, I love you. Sincerely, Every O-chem student worldwide

[@ashishantopno9797]

this really helped me thank u so much :)

[@ZhGin]

very helpful! thx but isn't diethyl ether non-polar?

[@anime7world]

So helpful!! Cleared up many uncertainties :D

[@callycap3]

It's a mouse. You can tell because he moves it across the screen to do some actions. With a pen you wouldn't see the cursor move like that.

[@gunjansinghchauhan1704]

Why pair of electron and negative charge is shown on leaving group simultaneously?

[@LariqueWallace]

Thank you so much!!

[@gspb4]

one question: you said that sn1 can be surrounded by carbons or hydrogens. I thought an sn1 has to be tertiary (or in some cases secondary). but it must at least be attached to two other carbons, no?

[@saraswathisreenivasulu5460]

Excellent lecture sir ,i have a doubt what happens ,if in case in SN1 rxn there is strong nucleophile with polar protic solvent and polar aprotic solvent and SN2 RXN with weak nucleophile and polar protic solvent?

[@bleez01]

Sall you're awesome. Can you please do a video on the types of spectroscopy?

[@yashardeldoost729]

Great explanation thank u

[@Rohitkumar-pq5nr]

even the proton in sn1 case can react with the nucleophile. right ?

[@athleticasian1]

you should be teaching my ochem class instead. lol i love the way he says "nucleases" XD

[@callycap3]

I love your videos but I have a question - why do you say "nucleuses" instead of "nuclei"?

[@pplus0440]

amazing videos

[@thegeffc]

good work here

[@Hajali-n4j]

clear enough to understand. tnx

[@bioniq]

which software is he using during this lectures. it is really amazing

[@JohnyPepperoni]

THAT'S MY BOI

[@smuggecko]

love the video really good

[@Zlopras]

you sir are THE BOSS

[@thejameskan]

i enjoyed this vid

[@afifahmurtadza2135]

This is such a nice video! Thanks Khan Academy

[@ZhGin]

@MrRandyjohns Sounds reasonable... but why is diethyl ether immiscible with water? (that's how extraction's lab works, right?)

[@miecus001]

thanks you sooooooo much!!!!!!!!1 God bless you

[@specter1001]

great video

[@muno7]

You save my life~

[@joeljose182]

Thanks yoo

[@venugopalsharma4971]

Amazing sir

[@311khu]

thank you so much...

[@liz8056]

For the SN1, there is a Nu: in there AND with a protic solvent so won't the Nu: (weak or not) get the H+ like in the case of SN2? Even if you add Nu: later after the leaving groups come off, the solvent into which you are adding it is still protic so it would neutralize the Nu:

[@ThePhalanx10000]

Awesome!

[@MrRandyjohns]

@ZhGin Think about the lone pairs on oxygen and how they would be next to each other just like water.

[@xxladybug94]

thank you soooo much!!

[@s0m0c]

Gracias.

[@ranchhordaschaanchad2623]

But,...Diethyl ether is considered as non polar

[@MrRandyjohns]

@ZhGin Well, diethyl ether isn't totally immiscible with water. It is slightly immiscible and I assume that is because of the ethyl groups on each side of the oxygen being soluble in organic solution and not water. Just a guess, I'm not exactly sure.

[@aaravnautiyal9088]

I have a ques ...if three electronegative grps r attached to the carbon in SN 1 then? Will it undergo the rxn easily? Like hw will the leaving grp leave on its own?

[@thaodang1764]

How to calculate the oxidation number of C in organic compound??

[@Finnnicus]

A. Not a solvent B. Aprotic, since the hydroxide ion doesnt disassociate.

[@Forever1DFan100]

awesome.. just awesome!

[@tyleraugenstein1481]

Isn't the Nucleophile "dumping" the electrons into the C - Leaving group anti-bonding orbital? I believe that is what is causing the bond between the carbon and the leaving group to "break" so that the nucleophile can then bond to the carbon.

[@ridwanhussein9743]

I love you man

[@LCRRcreed]

thanks so much for your videos, i feel like i have watched hours worth of them! they really help me study for class. wish I had you as a professor!

[@keldendelvecchio6932]

Diethyl ether isn’t polar.

[@jollyjokress3852]

I don't really get the last part. Why would the Nucleus in Sn2 react with the H+ initially but not in the Sn1 reaction? Because it is stronger? Huh??? Thanks!

[@Incubus187]

+Vera Maria In an SN2 reaction the strong nucleophile is often times basic as well. If a polar *protic* solvent were introduced into the reaction, that nucleophile would simply grab that proton off the solvent instead of attacking the nucleus of the primary carbon. Once the nucleophile has a hydrogen (proton) its happy and doesn't want to react anymore, rendering the initial molecule containing carbon unchanged. In the SN1 reaction, you want the conjugate base of the leaving group (in this case its L-) not to react with your carbocation once it leaves. Having a protic solvent allows this leaving group to nab the hydrogen and be happy! This allows the weak nucleophile to attack the nucleus instead!

[@122lomelo]

شكرا جزيلا you're the best :)

[@Phagocytosis]

Not sure why, but both are possible & acceptable plurals of "nucleus".

[@tgctournament390]

nice

[@Anon909]

very helpful

[@eerriiccccc]

fucking genius. why is my money going to the uc system

[@jaitirthpage1041]

So basically a weak nucleophile is like a average looking guy patiently waiting for his crush(carbocation) to break up with her then bf(leaving group). While a strong nucleophile is like a very hot guy who straight out doesn't care and seduces the girl while she is breaking up with her bf.

[@AbadGorilla]

very good lesson!

[@jonjonjon1370]

yay, first to comment! good job sal!

[@Sweetcupcakes23]

my orgo teacher sucks as it is already and on top of that she is pregnant looks like 7 months...so u can imagine how hard it is for her to break this material down as she gets tired very easy :( :'(

[@JSS0724]

Today's Will Hunting.

[@naylin369]

yay colors

[@user-nu3el2mo2w]

for the SN1 reaction how come the leaving group has a negative charge? Shouldn't it be neutral?

[@johntupper1369]

no

[@user-nu3el2mo2w]

Yes you're right for some reason I was just confused that day. thanks

[@thaodang1764]

totally agree with you

[@shadabaziz639]

what about KOH is it protic or aprotic?

[@tgctournament390]

protic... check 9.55

[@maxp6521]

Ugh why does no one clearly differentiate between what exactly the proton from the polar protic solvent does in the SN1 reaction and why it can't work in the SN2 reaction? For example, at 13:18 all you say is that the proton stabilizes the negative charge on the leaving group in SN1. The SN2 reaction also has a negative charge on the leaving group though. Why doesn't that one need to be stabilized? And why is stabilization of the leaving group even important if it has already left and the reaction has taken place?

[@Uzair-cw5hc]

The point is to stabilise the molecule through out the reaction takes place, also tertiary or secondary carbocations are generally more stable in nature

[@maxp6521]

Yeah I read about it more in the textbook after. Thank you

[@aggrimgupta1805]

Couldn't the Ether also be named ethoxyethane?

[@aggrimgupta1805]

+Nihar Baijal thanks!

[@frankiek733]

Nuclei*

[@Dialahh]

It's really annoying when the subtitles are right in the middle of the screen covering all the diagrams.

[@kylecox722]

Khan Academy = Awesome

[@NRiva7]

I love you!!!!

[@36-nehalpatil9]

Same here

[@flandre2565]

Protons!

[@midn135]

I love you

[@sspena143]

You should really consider teaching these overpaid professors how to teach =D Life Saver....Now I should be able to at least pass my test

[@JesusisMyGrandson]

Nucleuseseses

[@WeNeedAProperName]

1 person didnt't pass in chemistry.

[@nihayaturrohmah4230]

#31