How to name the study design correctly?

Algorithm approach for understanding Study design in Research.
Study design in research refers to the overall plan or strategy that outlines how a study will be conducted to answer research questions or test hypotheses. It involves selecting the appropriate methods, procedures, and data collection techniques to achieve the study's objectives. Study design plays a crucial role in ensuring the validity, reliability, and generalizability of research findings. Here are some commonly used study designs in research:
Experimental Design: This design involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable while controlling for potential confounding factors. It often includes a control group and random assignment of participants.
Observational Design: In observational studies, researchers observe and record data without manipulating any variables. This design is useful for studying naturally occurring phenomena or when manipulation is not ethically or practically feasible. Examples include cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies.
Longitudinal Design: This design follows participants over an extended period, collecting data at multiple time points. It allows for the examination of changes over time and can provide insights into causal relationships.
Cross-Sectional Design: In a cross-sectional study, data is collected at a single point in time from a representative sample of the population of interest. This design is useful for assessing prevalence, making comparisons, and exploring associations between variables.
Quasi-Experimental Design: This design resembles an experimental design but lacks random assignment. Researchers take advantage of naturally occurring groups or situations and compare them to draw inferences about causal relationships.
Case-Control Design: Case-control studies involve comparing individuals with a particular condition or outcome (cases) to those without the condition or outcome (controls). This design is particularly useful for investigating rare diseases or outcomes.
Cohort Design: Cohort studies follow a group of individuals with a shared characteristic or exposure over time to assess the development of outcomes or diseases. This design is valuable for studying the incidence of diseases and identifying risk factors.
Qualitative Design: Qualitative research focuses on understanding complex phenomena and exploring subjective experiences. It employs methods such as interviews, focus groups, and observations to gather rich, in-depth data.
Mixed Methods Design: Mixed methods studies combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of a research problem. It involves collecting and analyzing both numerical and textual data.
Each study design has its strengths, limitations, and appropriate applications. Researchers should carefully select the study design that aligns with their research questions, resources, ethical considerations, and the nature of the phenomenon being investigated.
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[@neenu9462]

Hello sir, I have this doubt if you are planning study based on an educational programme you have conducted which includes a pretest / post test instrument and a feedback survey is it right to say the study design as pretest post test design if you are also planning to evaluate the students perception regarding the design and implementation of programme Can we tell the study design as pretest post test design

[@SPMResearchwithDrRockBritto]

There is no such term, pretest posttest study design. Only for statistical analysis, such term is used. If your primary objective is to evaluate the perception, then it falls under observational study design. If your primary objective is to evaluate the effect of the intervention, then it falls under experimental study design. Subtype can be named based on the algorithm given in the presentation..

[@neenu9462]

@@SPMResearchwithDrRockBritto thank you so much sir